Individual anatomical variations, involvement of organs in neoplastic lesions and
consequent preo... more Individual anatomical variations, involvement of organs in neoplastic lesions and consequent preoperative planning are some issues that surgeons have to face every day in their clinical activity. The use of dedicated softwares, together with tools for patient-tailored training, is likely to improve clinical outcomes and patients’ safety. We decided to review the literature to report the current role of virtual reality and simulation in general surgery. A search was systematically performed on Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library and Up ToDate databases. The search was limited to articles written in English from January 2005 through June 2016. Altogether, 1,038 articles were found using this search strategy. All studies, case series and reports in the medical field pertaining to preoperative planning, VR and Augmented Reality (AR) application in general surgery that provided translational data were considered eligible to be included. Two authors independently screened the articles by title, abstract and keywords, and then selected 7 papers to be included in this review (4 for VR, 2 for AR and 1 for preoperative planning). Virtual reality training appears to decrease the operating time and improve the operative performance of surgical trainees with limited laparoscopic experience when compared with no training or with box-trainer training. The ability of virtual reality tools to guide surgeons during complex procedures represents a revolution for increased safety and overcoming minimally invasive surgery-related limitations.
– Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in both sexes worldwide, with th... more – Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in both sexes worldwide, with the highest estimated mortality rates in Eastern Asia and the lowest in Northern America. However, the availability of modern treatment has improved the survival and the prognosis is often poor due to biological characteristics of the disease. In oncology, we are living in the " Era " of target treatment and, to know biological aspects , prognostic factors and predictive response informations to therapy in GC is mandatory to apply the best strategy of treatment. The purpose of this review, according to the recently published English literature, is to summarize existing data on prognostic aspects and pre-dictive factors to response to therapy in GC and to analyze also others therapeutic approaches (surgery and radiotherapy) in locally, locally advanced and advanced GC. Moreover, the multidisciplinary approach (chemotherapy, surgery and ra-diotherapy) can improve the prognosis of GC.
Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common malignancy and the th... more Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common malignancy and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viral infections and alcohol abuse are the principal etiological factors for HCC. Liver transplantation (LT) is oncologically the preferable approach to HCC, as it can remove all the intrahepatic tumor foci, and also the oncogenic cirrhotic liver. The use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) for immunosuppression after LT for HCC has been proposed due to rapamycin antitumor activity. We decided to review the literature to clarify the oncological role of mTORi after liver transplantation for HCC, analyzing both present condition and future perspectives. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library Central. The search was limited to studies in humans and to those reported in the English language in the period of time between January 2005 and December 2015. Results: The literature search yielded 93 articles; after duplicates were removed, 77 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Most relevant data and papers are herein reported and discussed. Conclusions: So far, the use of mTORi is encouraging in terms of oncological outcomes for patients underwent LT for HCC, both for prevention and treatment of HCC recurrence although definitive data are still awaited.
Individual anatomical variations, involvement of organs in neoplastic lesions and
consequent preo... more Individual anatomical variations, involvement of organs in neoplastic lesions and consequent preoperative planning are some issues that surgeons have to face every day in their clinical activity. The use of dedicated softwares, together with tools for patient-tailored training, is likely to improve clinical outcomes and patients’ safety. We decided to review the literature to report the current role of virtual reality and simulation in general surgery. A search was systematically performed on Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library and Up ToDate databases. The search was limited to articles written in English from January 2005 through June 2016. Altogether, 1,038 articles were found using this search strategy. All studies, case series and reports in the medical field pertaining to preoperative planning, VR and Augmented Reality (AR) application in general surgery that provided translational data were considered eligible to be included. Two authors independently screened the articles by title, abstract and keywords, and then selected 7 papers to be included in this review (4 for VR, 2 for AR and 1 for preoperative planning). Virtual reality training appears to decrease the operating time and improve the operative performance of surgical trainees with limited laparoscopic experience when compared with no training or with box-trainer training. The ability of virtual reality tools to guide surgeons during complex procedures represents a revolution for increased safety and overcoming minimally invasive surgery-related limitations.
– Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in both sexes worldwide, with th... more – Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in both sexes worldwide, with the highest estimated mortality rates in Eastern Asia and the lowest in Northern America. However, the availability of modern treatment has improved the survival and the prognosis is often poor due to biological characteristics of the disease. In oncology, we are living in the " Era " of target treatment and, to know biological aspects , prognostic factors and predictive response informations to therapy in GC is mandatory to apply the best strategy of treatment. The purpose of this review, according to the recently published English literature, is to summarize existing data on prognostic aspects and pre-dictive factors to response to therapy in GC and to analyze also others therapeutic approaches (surgery and radiotherapy) in locally, locally advanced and advanced GC. Moreover, the multidisciplinary approach (chemotherapy, surgery and ra-diotherapy) can improve the prognosis of GC.
Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common malignancy and the th... more Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common malignancy and the third cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viral infections and alcohol abuse are the principal etiological factors for HCC. Liver transplantation (LT) is oncologically the preferable approach to HCC, as it can remove all the intrahepatic tumor foci, and also the oncogenic cirrhotic liver. The use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) for immunosuppression after LT for HCC has been proposed due to rapamycin antitumor activity. We decided to review the literature to clarify the oncological role of mTORi after liver transplantation for HCC, analyzing both present condition and future perspectives. Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library Central. The search was limited to studies in humans and to those reported in the English language in the period of time between January 2005 and December 2015. Results: The literature search yielded 93 articles; after duplicates were removed, 77 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Most relevant data and papers are herein reported and discussed. Conclusions: So far, the use of mTORi is encouraging in terms of oncological outcomes for patients underwent LT for HCC, both for prevention and treatment of HCC recurrence although definitive data are still awaited.
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Papers by Paolo Magistri
consequent preoperative planning are some issues that surgeons have to face every day in their
clinical activity. The use of dedicated softwares, together with tools for patient-tailored training,
is likely to improve clinical outcomes and patients’ safety. We decided to review the literature to
report the current role of virtual reality and simulation in general surgery.
A search was systematically performed on Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library and Up ToDate
databases. The search was limited to articles written in English from January 2005 through June
2016. Altogether, 1,038 articles were found using this search strategy.
All studies, case series and reports in the medical field pertaining to preoperative planning,
VR and Augmented Reality (AR) application in general surgery that provided translational data
were considered eligible to be included. Two authors independently screened the articles by title,
abstract and keywords, and then selected 7 papers to be included in this review (4 for VR, 2 for AR
and 1 for preoperative planning).
Virtual reality training appears to decrease the operating time and improve the operative performance
of surgical trainees with limited laparoscopic experience when compared with no training
or with box-trainer training. The ability of virtual reality tools to guide surgeons during complex
procedures represents a revolution for increased safety and overcoming minimally invasive
surgery-related limitations.
consequent preoperative planning are some issues that surgeons have to face every day in their
clinical activity. The use of dedicated softwares, together with tools for patient-tailored training,
is likely to improve clinical outcomes and patients’ safety. We decided to review the literature to
report the current role of virtual reality and simulation in general surgery.
A search was systematically performed on Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library and Up ToDate
databases. The search was limited to articles written in English from January 2005 through June
2016. Altogether, 1,038 articles were found using this search strategy.
All studies, case series and reports in the medical field pertaining to preoperative planning,
VR and Augmented Reality (AR) application in general surgery that provided translational data
were considered eligible to be included. Two authors independently screened the articles by title,
abstract and keywords, and then selected 7 papers to be included in this review (4 for VR, 2 for AR
and 1 for preoperative planning).
Virtual reality training appears to decrease the operating time and improve the operative performance
of surgical trainees with limited laparoscopic experience when compared with no training
or with box-trainer training. The ability of virtual reality tools to guide surgeons during complex
procedures represents a revolution for increased safety and overcoming minimally invasive
surgery-related limitations.