- Geneva, Switzerland
http://www.unige.ch/lettres/istge/hco/Enseignants-chercheurs/Kott.html
Sandrine Kott
Université de Genève, History, Faculty Member
- New York University, History, Department Memberadd
- History, International Organizations (International Studies), European History, Social History, Historical Sociology, GDR History, and 13 moreHistory of internationalism, History of Socialism, History of Communism; Soviet; Post-Soviet; Russia; Eastern Europe, Global History, International organizations, German History, History of Everyday Life, History of Social Policy and the Welfare State, History of Social Welfare, Labor History, Transnational History, Central European history, and Labour historyedit
Cet article analyse les tensions manifestes entre les deux grandes missions qui ont structuré l'activité de l'Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) depuis les années 1920 : l'objectif de justice sociale d'une part, et celui de... more
Cet article analyse les tensions manifestes entre les deux grandes missions qui ont structuré l'activité de l'Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) depuis les années 1920 : l'objectif de justice sociale d'une part, et celui de développement économique de l'autre. Il s'interroge sur les difficultés de l'organisation à imposer le respect des normes sociales qu'elle promeut quand l'objectif de croissance et de développement économique imposés par d'autres acteurs internationaux entre en tension avec elles. Il examine dans quelle mesure les divers programmes de développement mis en oeuvre par l'organisation depuis les années 1930 ont tenté d'apporter une réponse à cette contradiction. Ces questions sont discutées à travers des études de cas dans les contextes changeants d'un siècle d'histoire de l'OIT. MOTS CLÉS : OIT, justice sociale, développement, productivisme, responsabilité sociale des entreprises ABSTRACT : This article analyzes the tensions that exist between the two major missions that have structured the activity of the International Labour Organization (ILO) since the 1920s : the objective of social justice on the one hand and economic development on the other. It examines the difficulties of the organization in enforcing the social standards it promotes when the objective of growth and economic development imposed by other international actors come into tension with them. It studies the extent to which the various development programs implemented by the organization since the 1930s have attempted to address this contradiction. These issues are discussed through case studies in the changing contexts of a century of ILO history.
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The aim of this special issue is to study the Middle East and Eastern Europe (including southeastern Europe) as one interwoven space and to use it as a laboratory to explore conceptual issues regarding modern (societal) transnational and... more
The aim of this special issue is to study the Middle East and Eastern Europe (including southeastern Europe) as one interwoven space and to use it as a laboratory to explore conceptual issues regarding modern (societal) transnational and (state) international history. In this introduction we wish to analyse and explain the changing relations between the various states of the Middle East and Eastern Europe, with an eye also to Russia/the Soviet Union. We will highlight two patterns: similar ethno-religious-linguistically heterogeneous populations and shared peripherality vis-à-vis Western Europe. The question of interplays and overlaps between nation-states and empires and the geographic proximity of Eastern Europe and the Middle East cut across these two patterns, constituting a broader framework. Throughout, the reader will note three generic interlocking traits. Eastern Europe and the Middle East are not internally homogeneous and fixed, nor is their relationship, which indeed is irreducibly diverse in the political as well as in the economic, social and cultural fields. This diversity is reflected in the variety of contexts and actors who appear in the articles, including statesmen, merchants, activists, journalists, thinkers, architects, and bureaucrats. We have had the privilege to build on a firm scholarly bedrock as we conceptualised this special issue, and specifically on three broad debates whose geographies interlock. First, historians of both Eastern Europe and the Middle East have been advocating for these regions to be embedded in larger trans-regional, inter-imperial and global narratives. 1 This approach overlaps with recent studies of
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Tandis qu'une vague de déboulonnage sévit à travers le monde, l'Allemagne se livre à une forme de reconstruction nationale autour de l'héritage prussien, qui fait également polémique. Ces dernières années, dans la foulée des... more
Tandis qu'une vague de déboulonnage sévit à travers le monde, l'Allemagne se livre à une forme de reconstruction nationale autour de l'héritage prussien, qui fait également polémique. Ces dernières années, dans la foulée des revendications de justice exprimées par des représentants des communautés africaines-américaines, les monuments et statues
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In the nineteenth century, European countries distinguished themselves by implementing various measures to regulate the market and redistribute wealth. These developed to a considerable degree during the twentieth century, confirming the... more
In the nineteenth century, European countries distinguished themselves by implementing various measures to regulate the market and redistribute wealth. These developed to a considerable degree during the twentieth century, confirming the existence of a European ‘social model’. Today, however, this model is being called into question by neoliberal thinkers and citizens alike
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https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2021/01/21/une-autre-histoire-de-la-guerre-froide/ Florian Louis s'est entretenu avec Sandrine Kott pour la sortie de son nouveau livre qui repense les organisations internationales au temps de la guerre... more
https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2021/01/21/une-autre-histoire-de-la-guerre-froide/
Florian Louis s'est entretenu avec Sandrine Kott pour la sortie de son nouveau livre qui repense les organisations internationales au temps de la guerre froide.
« Dans les organisations internationales, la guerre froide m’apparait souvent comme un voile qui recouvre imparfaitement cette question essentielle des inégalités globales déjà clairement formulée à la Société des Nations et à l’Organisation du travail durant dans l’entre-deux guerres. »
Florian Louis s'est entretenu avec Sandrine Kott pour la sortie de son nouveau livre qui repense les organisations internationales au temps de la guerre froide.
« Dans les organisations internationales, la guerre froide m’apparait souvent comme un voile qui recouvre imparfaitement cette question essentielle des inégalités globales déjà clairement formulée à la Société des Nations et à l’Organisation du travail durant dans l’entre-deux guerres. »
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Having for long been a field of study reserved for political scientists and international relations specialists, international organisations are now attracting growing interest among historians. 1 This increased interest can be explained... more
Having for long been a field of study reserved for political scientists and international relations specialists, international organisations are now attracting growing interest among historians. 1 This increased interest can be explained by the movement to " globalise " the discipline both in terms of its themes and its practices. While no single, accepted definition of global history exists, the majority of authors agree that a " universal " definition of the global should be rejected 2 and instead global history should be seen as an invitation to explore the connections, circulations, and cross-fertilisations that have so often been neglected within the framework of national case studies. 3 International organisations and associations are particularly fertile areas of study in this regard: they represent spaces in which one can reveal the existence of networks of relationships and systems of circulation (régimes circulatoires) and explore the
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This article aims to explain the existence and longevity of East-West contacts across the Iron Curtain between groups of actors in various international organizations. Three particular organizations , the International Labour Organization... more
This article aims to explain the existence and longevity of East-West contacts across the Iron Curtain between groups of actors in various international organizations. Three particular organizations , the International Labour Organization (ILO), the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the World Council of Churches (WCC), were chosen, all of which were involved in social, economic, and cultural issues. The official discourses of the era were clearly built in opposition to each other on each side of the Iron Curtain. This study allows us to understand the necessary conditions for the constitution of the groups of experts in the organizations who succeeded in working together, while still acknowledging their ideological differences. A focus on individual and collective actors and their career trajectories enables us to examine a hypothesis that specific " epistemic communities " gradually formed, based on convergent conceptions of moder-nity. In order to emphasize the global aspects of this process, our analysis pays attention to the North-South dimension as well as the East-West contacts. It examines the roles and perceptions of
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Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Comité d'histoire de la sécurité sociale. © Comité d'histoire de la sécurité sociale. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Document téléchargé depuis www.cairn.info-Université de Genève-129.194.217.52-21/12/2017 15h34. © Comité d'histoire de la sécurité sociale Document téléchargé depuis www.cairn.info-Université de Genève-129.194.217.52-21/12/2017 15h34. © Comité d'histoire de la sécurité sociale
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E n d e d e s S t a a t s s o z i a l i sm u s-E n d e d e s S o z i a l s t a a t e s ? S o z i a l p o l i t i k im l a n g e n 2 0. J a h r h u n d e r t V o r t r a g im R a hm e n d e r R e i h e " N a c h d em E n d e d e r I l l u... more
E n d e d e s S t a a t s s o z i a l i sm u s-E n d e d e s S o z i a l s t a a t e s ? S o z i a l p o l i t i k im l a n g e n 2 0. J a h r h u n d e r t V o r t r a g im R a hm e n d e r R e i h e " N a c h d em E n d e d e r I l l u s i o n : W a s b l e i b t v om K omm u n i sm u s im 2 1. J a h r h u n d e r t ? " B u n d e s s t i f t u n g A u f a r b e i t u n g , B e r l i n , 3 0. 0 5. 2 0 1 7 V o r t r a g s r e i h e J a n u a r-D e z em b e r 2 0 1 7 , K o n z e p t i o n u n d L e i t u n g : T h om a s L i n d e n b e r g e r (Z Z F P o t s d am) , C a t h e r i n e G o u s s e f f (C e n t r e M a r c B l o c h) g e f ö r d e r t v o n d e r B u n d e s s t i f t u n g A u f a r b e i t u n g D o k s e r v e r d e s Z e n t r um s f ü r Z e i t h i s t o r i s c h e F o r s c h u n g P o t s d am h t t p : / / z e i t g e s c h i c h t e-d i g i t a l. d e /D o k s C o p y r i g h t (c) 2 0 1 7 Z e n t r um f ü r Z e i t h i s t o r i s c h e F o r s c h u n g P o t s d am e. V. (Z Z F) u n d A u t o r , a l l e R e c h t e v o r b e h a l t e n. D i e s e s W e r k w u r d e v om A u t o r f ü r d e n D ow n l o a d v om D o k um e n t e n s e r v e r d e s Z Z F f r e i g e g e b e n u n d d a r f n u r v e r v i e l f ä l t i g t u n d e r n e u t v e r ö f f e n t l i c h t w e r d e n , w e n n d i e E i nw i l l i g u n g d e r o. g. R e c h t e i n h a b e r v o r l i e g t. B i t t e k o n t a k t i e r e n S i e : < r e d a k t i o n@ z e i t g e s c h i c h t e-d i g i t a l. d e >
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The post-World War II period is typically seen as a time of stark division, an epochal global conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. But beneath the surface, the postwar era witnessed a striking degree of international... more
The post-World War II period is typically seen as a time of stark division, an epochal global conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. But beneath the surface, the postwar era witnessed a striking degree of international cooperation. The United Nations and
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Plongeant dans les archives des organisations internationales – l’ONU et ses agences, en particulier mais aussi des organisations non gouvernementales et de grandes fondations privées –, Sandrine Kott nous dévoile une autre histoire de la... more
Plongeant dans les archives des organisations internationales – l’ONU et ses agences, en particulier mais aussi des organisations non gouvernementales et de grandes fondations privées –, Sandrine Kott nous dévoile une autre histoire de la guerre froide. Ces organisations, où se rencontrent et s’opposent des acteurs issus de mondes en conflit, se révèlent être des lieux d’élaboration en commun de savoirs et de projets. Elles rendent possible et encouragent des internationalismes structurés autour de causes qui tout à la fois rassemblent et divisent : droits de l’homme et de la femme, paix, écologie... Elles promeuvent l’idée qu’il est possible d’organiser le monde en régulant ses déséquilibres et ses contradictions. Enfin et surtout elles donnent la parole à une multitude d’acteurs négligés dans les grands récits, en particulier ceux du « tiers monde » dont les revendications de justice ont puissamment marqué l’agenda international de la période. A la guerre froide a succédé l’ère du globalisme marquée par la généralisation des logiques de concurrence. Leur triomphe met en danger les espace de débats internationaux comme les projets de régulation et d’organisation du monde dont les sociétés humaines et leurs environnements naturels auraient, pourtant, plus que jamais besoin.
https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2021/01/21/une-autre-histoire-de-la-guerre-froide/
https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2021/01/21/une-autre-histoire-de-la-guerre-froide/
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Sandrine Kott analyse la construction progressive de la législation du travail et de la protection sociale en Allemagne entre 1880 et 1920. Dès la fin du XIXe siècle, les ouvriers et une partie des employés allemands sont pris en charge... more
Sandrine Kott analyse la construction progressive de la législation du travail et de la protection sociale en Allemagne entre 1880 et 1920. Dès la fin du XIXe siècle, les ouvriers et une partie des employés allemands sont pris en charge par un système d'assurances sociales. Cette politique sociale est un élément d'affirmation et de fierté nationale pour un pays encore en constitution. Sa précocité a fait de l'Allemagne un modèle, pour tous les pays décidés à s'engager dans la réforme sociale. Vue de France, la politique sociale allemande a souvent été analysée comme l'expression de l'autoritarisme prussien. En réalité, ce qu'on a improprement appelé le "système bismarckien" est le résultat d'interactions complexes entre des courants de pensée parfois contradictoires et le corps social. En effet, la politique sociale ne peut être analysée du seul point de vue de ceux qui la "fabriquent", elle est aussi construite par ceux qui l'"utilisent". C'est l'une des forces des politiques sociales allemandes que d'avoir pu autoriser, par des voies parfois détournées, ces interactions entre les représentations des concepteurs de la loi et les pratiques de ses utilisateurs. Cette réelle flexibilité contribue certainement à expliquer la pérennité du "modèle social allemand" par-delà les changements de régime du XXe siècle.
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In this volume the author studies the rise and development of the German social state up to 1914 in a European context. She asks what the conditions were that led to the development of a social democracy, the actual administrative... more
In this volume the author studies the
rise and development of the German
social state up to 1914 in a European
context. She asks what the conditions
were that led to the development of a
social democracy, the actual
administrative practices and the
fundamental repercussions for the
nation of installing social insurance.
She also touches on the particular
situation of women and the role of
healthcare politics. This study show
that the German social state was an
outgrowth of the existing social
practices, and that its rise was part of
an overall development throughout
Europe.
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Theaterstraße 13 D-37070 Göttingen Germany Tel. +49(0)551/5084-40 Fax -454 E-Mail info@v-r.de www.v-r.de
Books
rise and development of the German
social state up to 1914 in a European
context. She asks what the conditions
were that led to the development of a
social democracy, the actual
administrative practices and the
fundamental repercussions for the
nation of installing social insurance.
She also touches on the particular
situation of women and the role of
healthcare politics. This study show
that the German social state was an
outgrowth of the existing social
practices, and that its rise was part of
an overall development throughout
Europe.
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Theaterstraße 13 D-37070 Göttingen Germany Tel. +49(0)551/5084-40 Fax -454 E-Mail info@v-r.de www.v-r.de
Books
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First published in France in 2001 by Éditions Belin under the title Le communisme au quotidien, Sandrine Kott’s book examines how East German businesses and government carried out communist practices on a daily basis and how citizens and... more
First published in France in 2001 by Éditions Belin under the title Le communisme au quotidien, Sandrine Kott’s book examines how East German businesses and government carried out communist practices on a daily basis and how citizens and workers experienced the conditions created by the totalitarian state in their daily lives. Kott undertakes a social analysis of the Communist Party’s grasp on state enterprises and the limits of its power. She then analyzes the enterprises themselves and the social, generational, and gender tensions that had a profound impact on the lived experience of socialism. Finally, she considers the development and acceptance of a complex set of rituals and gift exchanges that masked latent conflicts while providing meaning to socialism’s role in ordinary life.
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Dictionnaire des nations et des nationalistes dans l'Europe contemporaine Certains intellectuels ont annoncé que la seconde moitié du XXe siècle inaugurerait l'ère "post-nationale". Les conflits nationaux et éthniques des années 1990 ont... more
Dictionnaire des nations et des nationalistes dans l'Europe contemporaine
Certains intellectuels ont annoncé que la seconde moitié du XXe siècle inaugurerait l'ère "post-nationale". Les conflits nationaux et éthniques des années 1990 ont invalidé cette vision. Si le XIXe siècle marque l'émergence et la consolidation des nations en Europe centrale, le XXe siècle est bien celui de la diffusion du modèle national à toute l'Europe comme celui de l'exacerbation des nationalismes.
L'approche thématique et transversale de ce dictionnaire invite à comprendre comment les nations européennes ont été "inventées" et conduit à réfléchir aux effets des nationalismes.
Les 28 notices explicitent des notions fondementales et contiennent des références nourries aux histoires des différentes nations européennes.
Trois index détaillés permettent une entre dans l'ouvrage soit par noms propres, soit par institutions, soit par lieux et peuples, faisant de ce livre un outil de référence.
Une bibliographie et de nombreuses cartes fournissent des repères pour compléter les analyses.
Certains intellectuels ont annoncé que la seconde moitié du XXe siècle inaugurerait l'ère "post-nationale". Les conflits nationaux et éthniques des années 1990 ont invalidé cette vision. Si le XIXe siècle marque l'émergence et la consolidation des nations en Europe centrale, le XXe siècle est bien celui de la diffusion du modèle national à toute l'Europe comme celui de l'exacerbation des nationalismes.
L'approche thématique et transversale de ce dictionnaire invite à comprendre comment les nations européennes ont été "inventées" et conduit à réfléchir aux effets des nationalismes.
Les 28 notices explicitent des notions fondementales et contiennent des références nourries aux histoires des différentes nations européennes.
Trois index détaillés permettent une entre dans l'ouvrage soit par noms propres, soit par institutions, soit par lieux et peuples, faisant de ce livre un outil de référence.
Une bibliographie et de nombreuses cartes fournissent des repères pour compléter les analyses.
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http://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/fr/livre/?GCOI=27246100588400&fa=author&person_id=259 Bismarck « démon des Allemands » ou « bon européen » ? C’est dans cette alternative radicale que le premier chancelier allemand, celui qui est... more
http://www.pressesdesciencespo.fr/fr/livre/?GCOI=27246100588400&fa=author&person_id=259
Bismarck « démon des Allemands » ou « bon européen » ? C’est dans cette alternative radicale que le premier chancelier allemand, celui qui est unanimement considéré comme le fondateur de l’Allemagne moderne, est encore enfermé.
Ce livre se saisit de cette image contradictoire et tente d’en comprendre les enjeux. Il s’ouvre sur la retraite politique de Bismarck, vue comme un moment clé de la production des images puis de la fabrication d’un mythe national bismarckien dont le chancelier déchu fut le premier maître d’œuvre. Il analyse ensuite comment et pourquoi, après la disparition de son héros, ce mythe devient un enjeu politique et social majeur dans une Allemagne fragilisée par des crises incessantes. Bismarck fait alors l’objet d’un véritable culte avec ses lieux, ses monuments, ses images, ses dates et ses desservants. La figure du héros national
est construite, utilisée et détournée par les forces nationalistes puis hostiles à la République, elle est combattue par les catholiques, les sociaux-démocrates et surtout les libéraux et elle est finalement récupérée puis abandonnée par les nazis.
C’est précisément cette instrumentalisation du personnage qui est au centre des débats dans l’Allemagne de l’après-guerre. Alors que dans un souci de dénazification, l’occupant américain tente de « déprussianiser » et de « débismarckiser» l’Allemagne, certains historiens soulignent que le mythe s’est emparé du personnage malgré lui et le condamne injustement. L’ouvrage analyse cette objection en étudiant le monde social, les choix politiques et nationaux comme les pratiques de pouvoir du chancelier. A cette occasion, il pose les questions suivantes : Bismarck a-t-il été conservateur ou révolutionnaire? A-t-il été un dictateur ou un opportuniste ? Enfin a-t-il alimenté le nationalisme et l’antisémitisme racial de la fin du XIXè siècle ou en a t-il retardé le développement ?
A travers les « facettes » de Bismarck, l’auteur livre donc une réflexion sur des enjeux centraux de l’histoire de l’Allemagne contemporaine et de la première puissance européenne.
Bismarck « démon des Allemands » ou « bon européen » ? C’est dans cette alternative radicale que le premier chancelier allemand, celui qui est unanimement considéré comme le fondateur de l’Allemagne moderne, est encore enfermé.
Ce livre se saisit de cette image contradictoire et tente d’en comprendre les enjeux. Il s’ouvre sur la retraite politique de Bismarck, vue comme un moment clé de la production des images puis de la fabrication d’un mythe national bismarckien dont le chancelier déchu fut le premier maître d’œuvre. Il analyse ensuite comment et pourquoi, après la disparition de son héros, ce mythe devient un enjeu politique et social majeur dans une Allemagne fragilisée par des crises incessantes. Bismarck fait alors l’objet d’un véritable culte avec ses lieux, ses monuments, ses images, ses dates et ses desservants. La figure du héros national
est construite, utilisée et détournée par les forces nationalistes puis hostiles à la République, elle est combattue par les catholiques, les sociaux-démocrates et surtout les libéraux et elle est finalement récupérée puis abandonnée par les nazis.
C’est précisément cette instrumentalisation du personnage qui est au centre des débats dans l’Allemagne de l’après-guerre. Alors que dans un souci de dénazification, l’occupant américain tente de « déprussianiser » et de « débismarckiser» l’Allemagne, certains historiens soulignent que le mythe s’est emparé du personnage malgré lui et le condamne injustement. L’ouvrage analyse cette objection en étudiant le monde social, les choix politiques et nationaux comme les pratiques de pouvoir du chancelier. A cette occasion, il pose les questions suivantes : Bismarck a-t-il été conservateur ou révolutionnaire? A-t-il été un dictateur ou un opportuniste ? Enfin a-t-il alimenté le nationalisme et l’antisémitisme racial de la fin du XIXè siècle ou en a t-il retardé le développement ?
A travers les « facettes » de Bismarck, l’auteur livre donc une réflexion sur des enjeux centraux de l’histoire de l’Allemagne contemporaine et de la première puissance européenne.
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L’Etat qui voit le jour en 1871 n’est que la partie émergée d’une réalité plus complexe ; l’ouvrage accorde une place importante aux évolutions politiques sans pour autant négliger la richesse des mutations sociales et économiques, ni le... more
L’Etat qui voit le jour en 1871 n’est que la partie émergée d’une réalité plus complexe ; l’ouvrage accorde une place importante aux évolutions politiques sans pour autant négliger la richesse des mutations sociales et économiques, ni le foisonnement de la vie intellectuelle. Une confrontation entre les représentations politiques ou intellectuelles et les pratiques sociales ou culturelles permet un questionnement sr les formes et les limites de la construction de l’Etat comme sur les modes d’émergence de l’espace public et de la démocratie politique. L’analyse montre le contraste entre les voies étonnamment modernes qu’emprunte l’intégration sociale et la persistance d’antagonismes aux manifestations souvent violentes ; elle revient sur les thèmes du désespoir culturel et de la « névrose de fin de siècle » trop souvent avancés comme un élément d’explication du premier conflit mondial, voire comme une des origines lointaines du nazismes.
Au terme de cette lecture, le XIXè siècle allemand n’apparaît plus seulement comme l’histoire d’une lingue tragédie ; il est aussi celui de l’irruption heureuse de la modernité.
Au terme de cette lecture, le XIXè siècle allemand n’apparaît plus seulement comme l’histoire d’une lingue tragédie ; il est aussi celui de l’irruption heureuse de la modernité.
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Sous la direction de Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo et Sandrine Kott Sommaire (7 articles) Développementalisme et politiques sociales depuis 1945 : une introduction Les organismes inter-impériaux et l'internationalisation des politiques... more
Sous la direction de Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo et Sandrine Kott Sommaire (7 articles) Développementalisme et politiques sociales depuis 1945 : une introduction Les organismes inter-impériaux et l'internationalisation des politiques sociales (des années 1940 aux années 1960)
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Nazism across Borders argues that Nazi social policies were part of transnational exchanges and processes. Beyond territorial conquest, the Nazis planned to export and internationalize their version of welfare, and promoted a new kind of... more
Nazism across Borders argues that Nazi social policies were part of transnational exchanges and processes. Beyond territorial conquest, the Nazis planned to export and internationalize their version of welfare, and promoted a new kind of internationalism, pitched as a superior alternative to its liberal and Communist contenders. Since the late nineteenth century, the 'German social model' had established itself as a powerful route for escaping from the precarious conditions associated with wage work. The Nazis capitalized on this reputation, continuing some elements, but also added new measures, mainly to pursue their antisemitic, racist, and highly aggressive goals. The contributions in this collection shed new light on the complex ways in which German and Nazi ideas were received and negotiated by non-German actors and groups around the world before the Second World War. Why were they interested in what was going on in Germany? To what extent did Nazi policies emulate programmes elsewhere
https://perspectivia.net/publikationen/studies_of_the_ghil/kott_patel_nazism
https://perspectivia.net/publikationen/studies_of_the_ghil/kott_patel_nazism
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The idea of planning economy and engineering social life has often been linked with Communist regimes' will of control. However, the persuasion that social and economic processes could and should be regulated was by no means limited to... more
The idea of planning economy and engineering social life has often been linked with Communist regimes' will of control. However, the persuasion that social and economic processes could and should be regulated was by no means limited to them. Intense debates on these issues developed already during the First World War in Europe and became globalized during the World Economic crisis. During the Cold War, such discussions fuelled competition between two models of economic and social organisation but they also revealed the convergences and complementarities between them. This ambiguity, so often overlooked in histories of the Cold War, represents the central issue of the book organized around three axes. First, it highlights how know-how on planning circulated globally and were exchanged by looking at international platforms and organizations. The volume then closely examines specificities of planning ideas and projects in the Communist and Capitalist World. Finally, it explores East-West channels generated by exchanges around issues of planning which functioned irrespective of the Iron Curtain and were exported in developing countries. The volume thus contributes to two fields undergoing a process of profound reassessment: the history of modernisation and of the Cold War. Global Cold War seen from the perspective of social and economic planning Analysis of circulation of ideas irrespective of the Iron Curtain Fresh look at the transnational history of international organizations in the bi-polar world
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Research Interests:
Albert Thomas fut entre 1919 et 1932 le premier directeur du Bureau international du Travail. A ce titre il parcourut l’Europe de la Suède à la Grèce, du Portugal à la Pologne pour y rencontrer hommes politiques, responsables syndicaux... more
Albert Thomas fut entre 1919 et 1932 le premier directeur du Bureau international du Travail. A ce titre il parcourut l’Europe de la Suède à la Grèce, du Portugal à la Pologne pour y rencontrer hommes politiques, responsables syndicaux et patrons, mais aussi de simples travailleurs. Ses récits de voyage dessinent à touches rapides des lieux, des paysages, des personnalités et sont parsemés de réflexions politiques riches et originales. Cet ouvrage offre le tableau d’une Europe complexe et souvent inattendue, à l’image de l’homme qui la sillonne, de son parcours politique et professionnel et surtout de la profonde conviction qui l’anime : il n’existe pas de paix durable sans justice sociale.
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http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137291967 Focusing on the ILO, this volume explores its role as creator of international social networks and facilitator of exchange between various national and international... more
http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137291967
Focusing on the ILO, this volume explores its role as creator of international social networks and facilitator of exchange between various national and international actors since its establishment in 1919. It emphasizes the role played by the ILO in the international circulation of ideas, expertise and practices that foster the emergence and shaping of international social models, and examines the impact of its methods and models on national and local societies. By analysing the case of the ILO, the authors rethink the influence of international organizations in the shaping of the contemporary world and the emergence of a global civil society.
This collection brings together a variety of new scholarship by a group of highly qualified and internationally renowned scholars in the field of global history and the history of international organizations.
Focusing on the ILO, this volume explores its role as creator of international social networks and facilitator of exchange between various national and international actors since its establishment in 1919. It emphasizes the role played by the ILO in the international circulation of ideas, expertise and practices that foster the emergence and shaping of international social models, and examines the impact of its methods and models on national and local societies. By analysing the case of the ILO, the authors rethink the influence of international organizations in the shaping of the contemporary world and the emergence of a global civil society.
This collection brings together a variety of new scholarship by a group of highly qualified and internationally renowned scholars in the field of global history and the history of international organizations.
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Seit der Öffnung der ostdeutschen Archive nach 1990 hat sich die französische Forschung zur DDR und den neuen Bundesländern dynamisch entwickelt. Dies ist bisher wegen des Übersetzungsproblems kaum wahrgenommen worden. Nunmehr liegt ein... more
Seit der Öffnung der ostdeutschen Archive nach 1990 hat sich die französische Forschung zur DDR und den neuen Bundesländern dynamisch entwickelt. Dies ist bisher wegen des Übersetzungsproblems kaum wahrgenommen worden. Nunmehr liegt ein Band auf Deutsch vor, in dem Autoren in einem interdisziplinären und internationalen Rahmen die Ergebnisse ihrer Arbeit präsentieren. Die französische DDR- und Transformationsforschung ist durch einen eigenen methodischen Ansatz gekennzeichnet, der sich auf die
sozialen Akteure, ihre Praktiken, ihre Erfahrungen und ihre Lebenswelt
konzentriert, um die Prozesse und Strukturen innerhalb der DDR-Gesellschaft zu rekonstruieren. Dieser sozio-politische Ansatz (socio-histoire) erlaubt es, die ostdeutsche Gesellschaft in ihrer Geschichte und Gegenwart zu »entnationalisieren« und sie in einem breiten europäischen Rahmen zu diskutieren.
sozialen Akteure, ihre Praktiken, ihre Erfahrungen und ihre Lebenswelt
konzentriert, um die Prozesse und Strukturen innerhalb der DDR-Gesellschaft zu rekonstruieren. Dieser sozio-politische Ansatz (socio-histoire) erlaubt es, die ostdeutsche Gesellschaft in ihrer Geschichte und Gegenwart zu »entnationalisieren« und sie in einem breiten europäischen Rahmen zu diskutieren.
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Research Interests:
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Research Interests:
• PHILIPPE VONNARD (Early.Mobility researcher fellow-Institut des sciences de la communication (ISCC), Paris) : Une « SDN » du football ? Le rôle de la FIFA (Fédération internationale de football association) dans l'internationalisation... more
• PHILIPPE VONNARD (Early.Mobility researcher fellow-Institut des sciences de la communication (ISCC), Paris) : Une « SDN » du football ? Le rôle de la FIFA (Fédération internationale de football association) dans l'internationalisation du football durant l'entre-deux-guerres. • THOMAS GIDNEY (PhD student-IHEID) : A League of anomalies? Sovereignty, 'civilisation' and empire at the League of Nations. • EFRAT GILAD (PhD Candidate IHEID) : Nutrition and the Yishuv in the Interwar Period. • LUDOVIC TOURNES (Prof., Université de Genève/Global Studies Institute) : Les Etats-Unis, les organisations internationales et la reconfiguration de l'ordre international. • QUENTIN TONNERRE (Assistant diplômé-Institut des sciences du sport (ISSUL) Faculté des sciences sociales et politiques, Université de Lausanne) : Les liens entre le Département fédéral des affaires étrangères de la Confédération suisse et le Comité international olympique (CIO): protection des emblèmes olympiques et statut juridique du CIO (1981)
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Research Interests:
The economic aftermath of World War II in Europe is normally studied through the lens of reconstruction. However, many contemporaries saw “backwardness” as the main social and economic issue in several European regions. For these... more
The economic aftermath of World War II in Europe is normally studied through the lens of reconstruction. However, many contemporaries saw “backwardness” as the main social and economic issue in several European regions. For these scholars, practitioners and policy-makers, reconstructing those economies not only would not have solved their structural problems; it might have even exacerbated their chronic underdevelopment and increased the gap with the more advanced regions. The history of post-war Europe is thus also the story of the attempts to overcome the structural backwardness of depressed regions through a conscious development effort, designed to bring radical changes to their economic and social structure in the long run.
While the history of post-war development ideas and institutions is mostly told as an extra-European history, this workshop will study the European roots of post-war development policies, and how they influenced development policies in the rest of the world. Far from remaining confined within European borders, this experience was in fact considered by the international development community as an incubator of lessons and ideas to be applied in underdeveloped areas worldwide.
While the history of post-war development ideas and institutions is mostly told as an extra-European history, this workshop will study the European roots of post-war development policies, and how they influenced development policies in the rest of the world. Far from remaining confined within European borders, this experience was in fact considered by the international development community as an incubator of lessons and ideas to be applied in underdeveloped areas worldwide.
Research Interests:
The objective of the conference is to shed light on the history of development from the perspective(s) of international organizations. The conference emphasizes a number of connections – chronological and thematic – often overlooked by... more
The objective of the conference is to shed light on the history of development from the perspective(s) of international organizations. The conference emphasizes a number of connections – chronological and thematic – often overlooked by scholars. It is also revisionist in a number of ways. First, we deem the First World War and interwar years as an incubation period for international development visions and plans. Scholars persuasively demonstrated that New Deals experiences mattered when, at the end of the Second World War, Bretton Woods and other UN institutions set up their programs. However, since the 1920s, on a less ambitious scale, the League of Nations and the International Labour Organization had completed international technical assistance schemes. Colonial officers and planners often inspired these politics. Furthermore imperial powers carried out such policies on a wider scale in their own colonial possessions. Numerous experts involved in these early undertakings produced knowledge and leveraged a know-how largely mobilized during the Second World War and after 1945.
Second, the specific perspective of the conference allows us to expand on the funding matrixes of development politics and policies: wars, post-war and imperial/colonial and post-colonial contexts. Scholars working on development generally work on them separately focusing on one or the other alternatively. The point we make is that within international organizations these matrixes often conflate. For instance, international development programs set up in the late 1940s were a ‘natural’ continuation of international rehabilitation and reconstruction programs undertaken by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. The term administration, which prominently appeared in the first UN agency, was a legacy of older international organizations such as the American Relief Administration, signalling the ambition to govern, in a bureaucratic and scientific (i.e. ‘modern’) way, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and development of target-populations. The conduct and planning of war economies as well as the weakening of European metropolises in the aftermath of the First World War led to a number of reflections. They were undertaken at the national and international level; one could mention the debates on economic and social development in the colonies, as illustrated by the international treaties on slavery and forced labour in the 1920s. In 1919 as well as 1945, newly established international organizations conceived and implemented international plans intended to ensure durable peace and prosperity for all. The war itself was a moment when these politics emerged and were enforced. The Cold War and decolonization triggered new impulses and strengthened the assumption, still thriving today, that ‘under-development’ leads to insecurity and threatens peace. It was within international organizations that a variety of actors articulated the connection between peace and prosperity through development. The conference intends to show that international organizations are a very useful object of historical enquiry to unfold this complex entanglement of contexts that shaped international development ideas and projects.
The last panel of the conference gives the floor to anthropologists and political scientists who have conducted fieldwork. In so doing, signalling the importance of opening up to other disciplines when studying the history of international development aid.
Second, the specific perspective of the conference allows us to expand on the funding matrixes of development politics and policies: wars, post-war and imperial/colonial and post-colonial contexts. Scholars working on development generally work on them separately focusing on one or the other alternatively. The point we make is that within international organizations these matrixes often conflate. For instance, international development programs set up in the late 1940s were a ‘natural’ continuation of international rehabilitation and reconstruction programs undertaken by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. The term administration, which prominently appeared in the first UN agency, was a legacy of older international organizations such as the American Relief Administration, signalling the ambition to govern, in a bureaucratic and scientific (i.e. ‘modern’) way, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and development of target-populations. The conduct and planning of war economies as well as the weakening of European metropolises in the aftermath of the First World War led to a number of reflections. They were undertaken at the national and international level; one could mention the debates on economic and social development in the colonies, as illustrated by the international treaties on slavery and forced labour in the 1920s. In 1919 as well as 1945, newly established international organizations conceived and implemented international plans intended to ensure durable peace and prosperity for all. The war itself was a moment when these politics emerged and were enforced. The Cold War and decolonization triggered new impulses and strengthened the assumption, still thriving today, that ‘under-development’ leads to insecurity and threatens peace. It was within international organizations that a variety of actors articulated the connection between peace and prosperity through development. The conference intends to show that international organizations are a very useful object of historical enquiry to unfold this complex entanglement of contexts that shaped international development ideas and projects.
The last panel of the conference gives the floor to anthropologists and political scientists who have conducted fieldwork. In so doing, signalling the importance of opening up to other disciplines when studying the history of international development aid.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo and José Pedro Monteiro, eds., Os Passados do Presente. Internacionalismo, imperialismo e a construção do mundo contemporâneo (Coimbra: Almedina, 2015) Este livro inclui um conjunto de textos ilustrativo do novo... more
Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo and José Pedro Monteiro, eds., Os Passados do Presente. Internacionalismo, imperialismo e a construção do mundo contemporâneo (Coimbra: Almedina, 2015)
Este livro inclui um conjunto de textos ilustrativo do novo fulgor que vivem a história internacional e transnacional, marcado por importantes progressos conceptuais, metodológicos e analíticos. Explorando a intersecção de dois processos históricos fulcrais na história recente – internacionalismo e imperialismo –, Os Passados do Presente contribui para uma visão mais rica e detalhada do século xx, desvelando o papel de actores, instituições processos históricos cuja importância é frequentemente obscurecida pelas narrativas tradicionais sobre as dinâmicas internacionais, mas cuja relevância para a compreensão de todo o século anterior bem como do presente é inegável. O livro aborda temas como o controlo geopolítico das populações e a regulação e cooperação internacional dos saberes e das políticas sociais, visando contribuir para a compreensão da génese histórica de fenómenos tão actuais como a ajuda ao desenvolvimento, a natureza do humanitarismo, o papel local e global das organizações internacionais e de movimentos transnacionais ou a longa duração das geopolíticas imperiais.
AUTORES:
Alison Bashford · David Ekbladh
David C. Engerman · Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo
Sandrine Kott · Daniel Laqua · Daniel Maul
José Pedro Monteiro · Jason Parker · Jessica Pearson-Patel
Perrin Selcer · Corinna Unger · Andrew Zimmerman
Este livro inclui um conjunto de textos ilustrativo do novo fulgor que vivem a história internacional e transnacional, marcado por importantes progressos conceptuais, metodológicos e analíticos. Explorando a intersecção de dois processos históricos fulcrais na história recente – internacionalismo e imperialismo –, Os Passados do Presente contribui para uma visão mais rica e detalhada do século xx, desvelando o papel de actores, instituições processos históricos cuja importância é frequentemente obscurecida pelas narrativas tradicionais sobre as dinâmicas internacionais, mas cuja relevância para a compreensão de todo o século anterior bem como do presente é inegável. O livro aborda temas como o controlo geopolítico das populações e a regulação e cooperação internacional dos saberes e das políticas sociais, visando contribuir para a compreensão da génese histórica de fenómenos tão actuais como a ajuda ao desenvolvimento, a natureza do humanitarismo, o papel local e global das organizações internacionais e de movimentos transnacionais ou a longa duração das geopolíticas imperiais.
AUTORES:
Alison Bashford · David Ekbladh
David C. Engerman · Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo
Sandrine Kott · Daniel Laqua · Daniel Maul
José Pedro Monteiro · Jason Parker · Jessica Pearson-Patel
Perrin Selcer · Corinna Unger · Andrew Zimmerman
Research Interests: History, International Relations, Social Policy, French History, Humanitarianism, and 24 moreTransnationalism, Geopolitics, International organizations, International History, Cold War, Colonialism, United Nations, Unesco, Modernization, Humanitarian Intervention, French colonialism, History of International Relations, British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - ), History of Humanitarianism, Decolonization (African History), French Empire, Internationalism, Empire, Cold War history, Imperialism, The League of Nations, Decolonization, United Nations politics, and Colonialism and Imperialism
Research Interests:
This article aims to explain the existence and longevity of East-West contacts across the Iron Curtain between groups of actors in various international organizations. Three particular organizations , the International Labour Organization... more
This article aims to explain the existence and longevity of East-West contacts across the Iron Curtain between groups of actors in various international organizations. Three particular organizations , the International Labour Organization (ILO), the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and the World Council of Churches (WCC), were chosen, all of which were involved in social, economic, and cultural issues. The official discourses of the era were clearly built in opposition to each other on each side of the Iron Curtain. This study allows us to understand the necessary conditions for the constitution of the groups of experts in the organizations who succeeded in working together, while still acknowledging their ideological differences. A focus on individual and collective actors and their career trajectories enables us to examine a hypothesis that specific " epistemic communities " gradually formed, based on convergent conceptions of moder-nity. In order to emphasize the global aspects of this process, our analysis pays attention to the North-South dimension as well as the East-West contacts. It examines the roles and perceptions of
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Worlds of Social Policies: Local and global dimensions of change since 1945 (6-7 February 2020, Lisbon, Portugal) Organization: Research project Worlds of (Under)Development: processes and legacies of the Portuguese colonial empire in a... more
Worlds of Social Policies: Local and global dimensions of change since 1945
(6-7 February 2020, Lisbon, Portugal)
Organization: Research project Worlds of (Under)Development: processes and legacies of the Portuguese colonial empire in a comparative perspective (1945-1975), Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Keynotes: Sandrine Kott (University of Geneva) and Joseph Hodge (West Virginia University)
Scientific Committee:
Joana Brites (University of Coimbra)
Cláudia Castelo (University of Coimbra)
Philip Havik (New University of Lisbon)
Joseph Hodge (West Virginia University)
Steven Jensen (Danish Institute for Human Rights)
Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo (University of Coimbra)
Alexander Keese (University of Geneva)
Sandrine Kott (University of Geneva)
Damiano Matasci (University of Geneva)
José Pedro Monteiro (University of Coimbra)
Description:
Prolonging and reinventing dynamics visible in the interwar period, one of the most salient processes associated with the aftermath of the Second World War was the internationalisation of arguments, debates, norms and policies dealing with social issues. The tentative definition and implementation of standards and policies aiming at human welfare, through the (re)distribution of and access to goods and resources, increasingly included international and transnational actors and expertise. The League of Nations had already promoted social policies in the fields of rural development, public health, labour, the protection of minorities, human trafficking and child welfare, but the range of topics being debated “internationally” would be greatly expanded after 1945. The emergence and consolidation of the United Nations, and its various specialised agencies, contributed to that process, creating platforms for cooperation and exchanges, and for disputes, between international (including imperial and colonial), transnational and national experts. The UN system fostered or expanded existing networks, which promoted the production, accumulation and circulation of different types of expertise. As a result, it standardised and perfected statistical tools while developing major doctrines of social engineering and specialised forms of local intervention in a global context. Thus, rethinking and planning societal change became a “hot topic”, and a subject of heightened competition during the Cold War. Heterogenous visions of “modernity” related to early Cold War dynamics had a direct bearing upon policies introduced by modernisingcolonial empires and post-colonial projects of state-building and found expression in the implementation of large-scale developmental schemes.
At a regional and global level, processes of cooperation and competition coexisted, in which multilateral agencies and networks played a major role. The importance of comparison was reinforced as a political tool by both colonial and post-colonial regimes. As accessible databases circulated, comparisons between social policies and their outcomes in the field of demography, education, labour, health, agriculture, nutrition, citizenship – and, more broadly, within the novel domain of human rights –, and other issues proliferated globally. Shaped by distinct ideological backgrounds and a great diversity of human and financial resources, the social dimensions of distinct political and economic goals and priorities gained major prominence through national, regional and global forums. Strongly embedded in developmental and modernising projects, these dimensions were to translate into a “geopolitics of welfarism” that would be gradually replaced by a market-based perspective following the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s.
This conference will explore these dynamics in a comparative perspective in different chronologies and geographical settings, focusing on different actors operating in diverse contexts, in order to reassess traditional periodisations (e.g. colonial-postcolonial), geopolitical divisions (e.g. East West, North-South), analytical frameworks (e.g. “local” versus “metropolitan” versus “international”), and to fruitfully explore the connections, and tensions, between international and national social programmes and policies.
Topics of interest may include:
• The social problem: concepts, arguments, and institutions
• The (geo)politics of social change
• Social policies, developmentalism and the welfare state
• International expert networks and the circulation of social knowledge
• Searching for the modern worker and consumer: labour, markets taxation
• Health-related policies: social medicine, nutrition and sanitation
• Defining citizenship and human rights: cases and accomplishments
• Educating difference: the role of the state, governmental and non-governmental associations, private enterprises and religious missions
• Fostering production: land, agriculture and rural development
• Administering mobility: migration, refugees
• Sustainable cities: urbanization and housing policies
• Gendering social policies: family planning, birth control, or labour recruitment
Conference Language: English
Contact Info:
Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo, Centre of Social Studies, University of Coimbra.
Email: mbjeronimo@ces.uc.pt
(6-7 February 2020, Lisbon, Portugal)
Organization: Research project Worlds of (Under)Development: processes and legacies of the Portuguese colonial empire in a comparative perspective (1945-1975), Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Keynotes: Sandrine Kott (University of Geneva) and Joseph Hodge (West Virginia University)
Scientific Committee:
Joana Brites (University of Coimbra)
Cláudia Castelo (University of Coimbra)
Philip Havik (New University of Lisbon)
Joseph Hodge (West Virginia University)
Steven Jensen (Danish Institute for Human Rights)
Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo (University of Coimbra)
Alexander Keese (University of Geneva)
Sandrine Kott (University of Geneva)
Damiano Matasci (University of Geneva)
José Pedro Monteiro (University of Coimbra)
Description:
Prolonging and reinventing dynamics visible in the interwar period, one of the most salient processes associated with the aftermath of the Second World War was the internationalisation of arguments, debates, norms and policies dealing with social issues. The tentative definition and implementation of standards and policies aiming at human welfare, through the (re)distribution of and access to goods and resources, increasingly included international and transnational actors and expertise. The League of Nations had already promoted social policies in the fields of rural development, public health, labour, the protection of minorities, human trafficking and child welfare, but the range of topics being debated “internationally” would be greatly expanded after 1945. The emergence and consolidation of the United Nations, and its various specialised agencies, contributed to that process, creating platforms for cooperation and exchanges, and for disputes, between international (including imperial and colonial), transnational and national experts. The UN system fostered or expanded existing networks, which promoted the production, accumulation and circulation of different types of expertise. As a result, it standardised and perfected statistical tools while developing major doctrines of social engineering and specialised forms of local intervention in a global context. Thus, rethinking and planning societal change became a “hot topic”, and a subject of heightened competition during the Cold War. Heterogenous visions of “modernity” related to early Cold War dynamics had a direct bearing upon policies introduced by modernisingcolonial empires and post-colonial projects of state-building and found expression in the implementation of large-scale developmental schemes.
At a regional and global level, processes of cooperation and competition coexisted, in which multilateral agencies and networks played a major role. The importance of comparison was reinforced as a political tool by both colonial and post-colonial regimes. As accessible databases circulated, comparisons between social policies and their outcomes in the field of demography, education, labour, health, agriculture, nutrition, citizenship – and, more broadly, within the novel domain of human rights –, and other issues proliferated globally. Shaped by distinct ideological backgrounds and a great diversity of human and financial resources, the social dimensions of distinct political and economic goals and priorities gained major prominence through national, regional and global forums. Strongly embedded in developmental and modernising projects, these dimensions were to translate into a “geopolitics of welfarism” that would be gradually replaced by a market-based perspective following the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s.
This conference will explore these dynamics in a comparative perspective in different chronologies and geographical settings, focusing on different actors operating in diverse contexts, in order to reassess traditional periodisations (e.g. colonial-postcolonial), geopolitical divisions (e.g. East West, North-South), analytical frameworks (e.g. “local” versus “metropolitan” versus “international”), and to fruitfully explore the connections, and tensions, between international and national social programmes and policies.
Topics of interest may include:
• The social problem: concepts, arguments, and institutions
• The (geo)politics of social change
• Social policies, developmentalism and the welfare state
• International expert networks and the circulation of social knowledge
• Searching for the modern worker and consumer: labour, markets taxation
• Health-related policies: social medicine, nutrition and sanitation
• Defining citizenship and human rights: cases and accomplishments
• Educating difference: the role of the state, governmental and non-governmental associations, private enterprises and religious missions
• Fostering production: land, agriculture and rural development
• Administering mobility: migration, refugees
• Sustainable cities: urbanization and housing policies
• Gendering social policies: family planning, birth control, or labour recruitment
Conference Language: English
Contact Info:
Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo, Centre of Social Studies, University of Coimbra.
Email: mbjeronimo@ces.uc.pt