The accurate evaluation of electrical parameters like effective channel length and series resista... more The accurate evaluation of electrical parameters like effective channel length and series resistance for 10 to 22nm FinFETs is very complex, although extremely important for the correct device modelling. Our paper reviews and applies to measured FinFETs various DC methods for the extraction of effective channel length and source/drain resistance. Experimental devices with fin thickness from 10nm to 20nm were measured and the extraction methodologies explored show consistent values of RSD in the range of 500Ω to 300Ω respectively, for five parallel fins. All methods herein discussed and applied, however, have limitations in their application to FinFET devices. Our work discusses the challenges and possible options for the Leff extraction on advanced FinFET technologies.
FinFET prototypes have been fabricated using an aluminium hard mask FIB milling technique for fin... more FinFET prototypes have been fabricated using an aluminium hard mask FIB milling technique for fin definition and SiON/TiN/Al gate stack. A three dimensional fin with sub-100nm dimensions was obtained. Electrical characterisation results are presented and discussed. Maximum transconductance in the linear region of 500nS, low field mobility of 372cm²/V.s, leakage current of 10pA and subthreshold slope of 120mV/dec have been obtained at zero bulk bias, showing improvements on previous reported results for devices fabricated using the focused ion beam. Process modifications are suggested to obtain further improvements in electrical response.
This study presents an optically reconfigurable antenna design for wireless applications and inve... more This study presents an optically reconfigurable antenna design for wireless applications and investigates three possible photoconductive switches for application. Simulation and experimental tests demonstrate that the antenna operates at 5.8 GHz when the switch is not illuminated, changing to 2.0 GHz when exposed to a laser light. A horizontal and vertical photoresistor and a PN diode acting as optical switches are simulated and compared. It is shown that the vertical photoresistor has the largest off to on resistance at the 5 GHz frequency range, thus being the best choice as a switch.
In this work we present the feasibility studies to fabricate a sensor of triple APS-CMOS junction... more In this work we present the feasibility studies to fabricate a sensor of triple APS-CMOS junction, which captures the colors blue, green, and red without using filters. Process and electrical parameters are extracted by SUPREM, PISCES and PSPICE simulations. The device simulations in MATHEMATICA program show a good separability of the spectral response for each one of the color green (G), orange (O), and red (R).
2014 29th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices (SBMicro), 2014
Silicon nitride films deposited by low-pressure electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chem... more Silicon nitride films deposited by low-pressure electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) at room temperature are proposed for nonlinear optics applications in the telecommunications C-band. Numerical simulations were performed to determine the relationship between refractive index and the waveguide minimum size in order to have the zero dispersion point at 1.55 μm. Silicon nitride films with large thickness, low roughness and high refractive index were obtained by varying deposition parameters, such as gas pressure (4-6 mTorr) and Si/N ratio. The Si-rich silicon nitride film developed for nonlinear applications with refractive index of 2, high deposition rate, low hydrogen concentration and low roughness was used for fabrication of nonlinear microring resonators. Using the deposition process at low temperature, the stress limitation in thick silicon nitride films was eliminated.
ABSTRACT This work describes the development of an optically controlled reconfigurable E-antenna ... more ABSTRACT This work describes the development of an optically controlled reconfigurable E-antenna for cognitive and adaptive radio communications systems at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate the antenna frequency response can be efficiently adapted in the optical domain over two different frequency bands.
In this paper we have developed a passivation technique with silicon-nitride (SiNX) film that req... more In this paper we have developed a passivation technique with silicon-nitride (SiNX) film that requires no surface pre-treatment, and is fully compatible to monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The nitride depositions were carried out by ECR–CVD (electron cyclotron resonance–chemical vapor deposition) directly over InGaP/GaAs heterojunction structures, which are used for heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Optical emission spectrometry (OES) was used
2017 IEEE 8th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS), 2017
Nowadays, with the technological evolution, the use of wireless identification devices is growing... more Nowadays, with the technological evolution, the use of wireless identification devices is growing up. RFIDs tags are being used to track a product through an assembly line, packaged goods, animals and even humans. The system proposed on this paper intends to identify whether a passive tag goes in or out of the reader area. The device is composed by a linear antenna, a tuned amplifier and a VSWR meter, fully integrated on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The tuned amplifier receives a 400MHz signal, filtering all frequencies out of desired range, amplifies the signal and delivers it to a narrowband antenna through a VSWR meter, obtaining the standing wave ratio, i. e., quantifying the matching between amplifier output, transmission line and antenna input impedance. When a 400MHz tag approaches, the VSWR meter identifies a mismatching variation. This paper spécifiés the device's design and testing procedures, presents the first results and proposes some technical improvements.
2019 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC)
In an attempt of lowering their electricity bills, many customers (from residences to big compani... more In an attempt of lowering their electricity bills, many customers (from residences to big companies) appeal to illegal means, resulting in great losses for energy companies. The most common trick used is making changes to the energy meters’ circuits, adding new elements to it or by simply damaging parts of it. In this paper, electromagnetic compatibilitys tests are going to be used in order to differentiate modified energy meters from unmodified ones using a nonintrusive method, based on the comparison of their emitted frequency spectrum intensity. This method proved to be very effective, presenting consistent results even when used in open field tests.
Proceedings of the 4th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym'18), 2019
This work describes the implementation and operation features for a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) archi... more This work describes the implementation and operation features for a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) architecture-based frequency synthesizer for clock generation and digital systems driving. From a programmable structure, considering an input reference frequency FREF = 50 MHz, schematic level simulation results indicate the possibility for generation of 3 distinct output frequencies, according to the transient response limits: TP (peak time) = 1.9 µs, TS (settling time) = 2 µs, and MP (maximum overshoot) <8%. The system was implemented through Cadence Virtuoso Analog Environment (ADE) from UMC CMOS technology (0.18 um), considering power supply VDD = 1.8 V.
This work presents the characterization of integrated inductors on a flexible substrate, fabricat... more This work presents the characterization of integrated inductors on a flexible substrate, fabricated through simple and original technology. Kapton was used as the flexible substrate with gold metallization and silicon dioxide as the dielectric. Several inductors were fabricated with a different number of turns, line widths, line spacing, internal diameters, and geometries to verify the influence of such different configurations on the inductor’s performance. It was possible to obtain inductors compatible with voltage-controlled oscillators design and other radio frequency and microwave circuits, enabling the advancement of heterogeneous integration.
This paper summarizes an EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools-based microelectronics training... more This paper summarizes an EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools-based microelectronics training experience accomplished in the context of IC-Brazil Program. Representing a professional certification proposal in the fields of physics and engineering, the program involves two training phases and a final microelectronics project to be developed through an IC design environment generated for educational purposes from the real conditions of the industry. Supported through financial resources from federal government, IC-Brazil Program experience has promoted the manpower generation with proper knowledge and design skills to attend the electronics design-based semiconductor market.
2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB), 2017
This paper presents the design of a compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) with good performance... more This paper presents the design of a compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) with good performance for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The miniaturized AVA — 40 × 40 × 0.8 mm, its balanced feed structure and its mechanical ground support are described in detail. The simulated results show that the proposed AVA covers a bandwidth ranging from 4.73 to more than 22 GHz with a peak gain above 5 dBi for the highest frequencies. A prototype was built and its return loss was measured. The designed antenna is utilized in a direction finding (DF) system based on the amplitude-comparison monopulse technique. The calibration curves and the corresponding residual errors of the proposed system are derived. An RMS residual error lower than 2.5° is obtained over a range of 40°.
2015 European Microelectronics Packaging Conference (EMPC), 2015
This work describes an optimization tool-based design method for a Current Mode Logic CML divide-... more This work describes an optimization tool-based design method for a Current Mode Logic CML divide-by-2 circuit embedded in a frequency synthesizer for RFID-protocol based transceiver implementation. Designed for driving multiple loads with asymmetric input capacitance to be driven at system level (through the PLL output frequency generation), the circuit was optimized for operation at lowest power consumption in a strict locking range (output frequency: 2.4 GHz to 2.475 GHz). By applying CMOSXFAB 0.18 μm technology, the schematic level design with subsequent optimization stage was performed at Virtuoso Analog Design Environment through MunEDA WiCkeD.
This work presents a methodology for the simulation of bonding wires under the circumstance when ... more This work presents a methodology for the simulation of bonding wires under the circumstance when signals with RF frequencies are employed and thus, the impedances of the parasitic resistances, capacitances and inductances of these interconnections are no longer negligible. A s-parameters extraction strategy for each of the wirebonds will be shown with the help of Agilent’s EM simulator ADS resulting in a netlist in spectre which will be used in the test-bench of the designed IC to emulate the behavior of the bondwires and thus making possible a proper dimensioning and tuning of the RF chip to ensure a better performance of the encapsulated RF IC. Finally the design example of a power amplifier is proposed and some aspects of the interaction of this block with the wirebonds are studied.
The accurate evaluation of electrical parameters like effective channel length and series resista... more The accurate evaluation of electrical parameters like effective channel length and series resistance for 10 to 22nm FinFETs is very complex, although extremely important for the correct device modelling. Our paper reviews and applies to measured FinFETs various DC methods for the extraction of effective channel length and source/drain resistance. Experimental devices with fin thickness from 10nm to 20nm were measured and the extraction methodologies explored show consistent values of RSD in the range of 500Ω to 300Ω respectively, for five parallel fins. All methods herein discussed and applied, however, have limitations in their application to FinFET devices. Our work discusses the challenges and possible options for the Leff extraction on advanced FinFET technologies.
FinFET prototypes have been fabricated using an aluminium hard mask FIB milling technique for fin... more FinFET prototypes have been fabricated using an aluminium hard mask FIB milling technique for fin definition and SiON/TiN/Al gate stack. A three dimensional fin with sub-100nm dimensions was obtained. Electrical characterisation results are presented and discussed. Maximum transconductance in the linear region of 500nS, low field mobility of 372cm²/V.s, leakage current of 10pA and subthreshold slope of 120mV/dec have been obtained at zero bulk bias, showing improvements on previous reported results for devices fabricated using the focused ion beam. Process modifications are suggested to obtain further improvements in electrical response.
This study presents an optically reconfigurable antenna design for wireless applications and inve... more This study presents an optically reconfigurable antenna design for wireless applications and investigates three possible photoconductive switches for application. Simulation and experimental tests demonstrate that the antenna operates at 5.8 GHz when the switch is not illuminated, changing to 2.0 GHz when exposed to a laser light. A horizontal and vertical photoresistor and a PN diode acting as optical switches are simulated and compared. It is shown that the vertical photoresistor has the largest off to on resistance at the 5 GHz frequency range, thus being the best choice as a switch.
In this work we present the feasibility studies to fabricate a sensor of triple APS-CMOS junction... more In this work we present the feasibility studies to fabricate a sensor of triple APS-CMOS junction, which captures the colors blue, green, and red without using filters. Process and electrical parameters are extracted by SUPREM, PISCES and PSPICE simulations. The device simulations in MATHEMATICA program show a good separability of the spectral response for each one of the color green (G), orange (O), and red (R).
2014 29th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices (SBMicro), 2014
Silicon nitride films deposited by low-pressure electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chem... more Silicon nitride films deposited by low-pressure electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) at room temperature are proposed for nonlinear optics applications in the telecommunications C-band. Numerical simulations were performed to determine the relationship between refractive index and the waveguide minimum size in order to have the zero dispersion point at 1.55 μm. Silicon nitride films with large thickness, low roughness and high refractive index were obtained by varying deposition parameters, such as gas pressure (4-6 mTorr) and Si/N ratio. The Si-rich silicon nitride film developed for nonlinear applications with refractive index of 2, high deposition rate, low hydrogen concentration and low roughness was used for fabrication of nonlinear microring resonators. Using the deposition process at low temperature, the stress limitation in thick silicon nitride films was eliminated.
ABSTRACT This work describes the development of an optically controlled reconfigurable E-antenna ... more ABSTRACT This work describes the development of an optically controlled reconfigurable E-antenna for cognitive and adaptive radio communications systems at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate the antenna frequency response can be efficiently adapted in the optical domain over two different frequency bands.
In this paper we have developed a passivation technique with silicon-nitride (SiNX) film that req... more In this paper we have developed a passivation technique with silicon-nitride (SiNX) film that requires no surface pre-treatment, and is fully compatible to monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The nitride depositions were carried out by ECR–CVD (electron cyclotron resonance–chemical vapor deposition) directly over InGaP/GaAs heterojunction structures, which are used for heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Optical emission spectrometry (OES) was used
2017 IEEE 8th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS), 2017
Nowadays, with the technological evolution, the use of wireless identification devices is growing... more Nowadays, with the technological evolution, the use of wireless identification devices is growing up. RFIDs tags are being used to track a product through an assembly line, packaged goods, animals and even humans. The system proposed on this paper intends to identify whether a passive tag goes in or out of the reader area. The device is composed by a linear antenna, a tuned amplifier and a VSWR meter, fully integrated on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The tuned amplifier receives a 400MHz signal, filtering all frequencies out of desired range, amplifies the signal and delivers it to a narrowband antenna through a VSWR meter, obtaining the standing wave ratio, i. e., quantifying the matching between amplifier output, transmission line and antenna input impedance. When a 400MHz tag approaches, the VSWR meter identifies a mismatching variation. This paper spécifiés the device's design and testing procedures, presents the first results and proposes some technical improvements.
2019 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC)
In an attempt of lowering their electricity bills, many customers (from residences to big compani... more In an attempt of lowering their electricity bills, many customers (from residences to big companies) appeal to illegal means, resulting in great losses for energy companies. The most common trick used is making changes to the energy meters’ circuits, adding new elements to it or by simply damaging parts of it. In this paper, electromagnetic compatibilitys tests are going to be used in order to differentiate modified energy meters from unmodified ones using a nonintrusive method, based on the comparison of their emitted frequency spectrum intensity. This method proved to be very effective, presenting consistent results even when used in open field tests.
Proceedings of the 4th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym'18), 2019
This work describes the implementation and operation features for a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) archi... more This work describes the implementation and operation features for a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) architecture-based frequency synthesizer for clock generation and digital systems driving. From a programmable structure, considering an input reference frequency FREF = 50 MHz, schematic level simulation results indicate the possibility for generation of 3 distinct output frequencies, according to the transient response limits: TP (peak time) = 1.9 µs, TS (settling time) = 2 µs, and MP (maximum overshoot) <8%. The system was implemented through Cadence Virtuoso Analog Environment (ADE) from UMC CMOS technology (0.18 um), considering power supply VDD = 1.8 V.
This work presents the characterization of integrated inductors on a flexible substrate, fabricat... more This work presents the characterization of integrated inductors on a flexible substrate, fabricated through simple and original technology. Kapton was used as the flexible substrate with gold metallization and silicon dioxide as the dielectric. Several inductors were fabricated with a different number of turns, line widths, line spacing, internal diameters, and geometries to verify the influence of such different configurations on the inductor’s performance. It was possible to obtain inductors compatible with voltage-controlled oscillators design and other radio frequency and microwave circuits, enabling the advancement of heterogeneous integration.
This paper summarizes an EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools-based microelectronics training... more This paper summarizes an EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools-based microelectronics training experience accomplished in the context of IC-Brazil Program. Representing a professional certification proposal in the fields of physics and engineering, the program involves two training phases and a final microelectronics project to be developed through an IC design environment generated for educational purposes from the real conditions of the industry. Supported through financial resources from federal government, IC-Brazil Program experience has promoted the manpower generation with proper knowledge and design skills to attend the electronics design-based semiconductor market.
2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB), 2017
This paper presents the design of a compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) with good performance... more This paper presents the design of a compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) with good performance for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The miniaturized AVA — 40 × 40 × 0.8 mm, its balanced feed structure and its mechanical ground support are described in detail. The simulated results show that the proposed AVA covers a bandwidth ranging from 4.73 to more than 22 GHz with a peak gain above 5 dBi for the highest frequencies. A prototype was built and its return loss was measured. The designed antenna is utilized in a direction finding (DF) system based on the amplitude-comparison monopulse technique. The calibration curves and the corresponding residual errors of the proposed system are derived. An RMS residual error lower than 2.5° is obtained over a range of 40°.
2015 European Microelectronics Packaging Conference (EMPC), 2015
This work describes an optimization tool-based design method for a Current Mode Logic CML divide-... more This work describes an optimization tool-based design method for a Current Mode Logic CML divide-by-2 circuit embedded in a frequency synthesizer for RFID-protocol based transceiver implementation. Designed for driving multiple loads with asymmetric input capacitance to be driven at system level (through the PLL output frequency generation), the circuit was optimized for operation at lowest power consumption in a strict locking range (output frequency: 2.4 GHz to 2.475 GHz). By applying CMOSXFAB 0.18 μm technology, the schematic level design with subsequent optimization stage was performed at Virtuoso Analog Design Environment through MunEDA WiCkeD.
This work presents a methodology for the simulation of bonding wires under the circumstance when ... more This work presents a methodology for the simulation of bonding wires under the circumstance when signals with RF frequencies are employed and thus, the impedances of the parasitic resistances, capacitances and inductances of these interconnections are no longer negligible. A s-parameters extraction strategy for each of the wirebonds will be shown with the help of Agilent’s EM simulator ADS resulting in a netlist in spectre which will be used in the test-bench of the designed IC to emulate the behavior of the bondwires and thus making possible a proper dimensioning and tuning of the RF chip to ensure a better performance of the encapsulated RF IC. Finally the design example of a power amplifier is proposed and some aspects of the interaction of this block with the wirebonds are studied.
Data storage and memory access has been, over the years, a technological issue due to the big vol... more Data storage and memory access has been, over the years, a technological issue due to the big volume of digital information. High-frequency magneto-transport in ferromagnetic nanoparticles may be used to deal with nanoscale storage devices, which requires an adequate electrical and magnetic characterization in the frequency domain. In this work, we fabricate ferromagnetic nanoparticles on top of platinum electrodes using focused-electron-beam induced +deposition (FEBID) method. Electrical characterization was performed using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). After these measurements, three de-embedding methods were applied: Open De-Embedding (OPD), Open-Short De-Embedding (OSD) and the Thru-Short-Open De-Embedding (TSOD) methods. We could observe that Thru-Short-Open De-Embedding provides good accuracy for evaluating the scattering parameters and to compensate the electrodes (fixture) signal due to the high frequencies behavior of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. The results will be usef...
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