Papers by Salvador Parrado
Developing Local Governance …, 2002
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International Public Management Journal, 16 (1): 85 – 112 , 2013
We employ data from an original survey of citizens in the UK, France, Germany, Denmark, and the C... more We employ data from an original survey of citizens in the UK, France, Germany, Denmark, and the Czech Republic to examine correlates of citizen co-production of public services in three key policy areas: public safety, the environment, and health. The correlates of co-production we consider include demographic factors (age, gender, education, and employment status), community characteristics (urban,
non-urban), performance perceptions (how good a job government is doing), government outreach (providing information and seeking consultation), and self-efficacy
(how much of a difference citizens believe they can make). We also report on results from a series of focus groups on the topic of co-production held in each country.
Our results suggest that women and elderly citizens generally engage more often in co-production and that self-efficacy—the belief that citizens can make a difference—is an especially important determinant across sectors. Interestingly, good outcome performance (in the sense of a safe neighborhood, a clean environment, and good health) seems to discourage co-production somewhat. Thus citizens’ co-production appears to
depend in part on awareness of a shortfall in public performance on outcomes. Our results also provide some evidence that co-production is enhanced when governments
provide information or engage citizens in consultation. The specific determinants vary, however, not only by sector but across national contexts.
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Journal of Social Policy, 44 (1): 1-23 , 2015
User and community co-production of public services first became topical in the late 1970s, both ... more User and community co-production of public services first became topical in the late 1970s, both in private and public sectors. Recent interest has been triggered by recognition that the outcomes for which public agencies strive rely on multiple stakeholders, particularly service users and the communities in which they live. Extra salience has been given to the potential of co-production due to fiscal pressures facing governments since 2008. However, there has been little quantitative empirical research on citizen co-production behaviours. The authors therefore undertook a large-sample survey in five European countries to fill this gap. This article examines an especially significant finding from this research – the major gulf between current levels of collective co-production and individual co-production. It explores the drivers of these large differences and examines what the social policy implications would be if, given the potential benefits, the government wishes to encourage greater collective co-production.
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Public Administration and the Modern State: Assessing Trends, and Impact (Palgrave Macmillan), 2014
Previous research has suggested that citizens are more likely to engage in co-production of publi... more Previous research has suggested that citizens are more likely to engage in co-production of public services and social outcomes with public agencies when the actions involved are relatively easy and can be carried out individually rather than in groups (Loeffler et al, 2008). Since much of the potential pay-off from co-production has been identified as coming from group-based activities, this is a potentially serious barrier. The research in this chapter has explored how individuals can be influenced to extend their co-production activities into collective action, participating in more complex governance activities.
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Improving the Quality of East and West European …, 2004
Modern approaches to quality management stress the value of staff participation and customer invo... more Modern approaches to quality management stress the value of staff participation and customer involvement in improving products and services. In particular, Total Quality Management (TQM) is based on the idea that quality is no longer the area for quality ...
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soc.kuleuven.be
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Public Administration, 2011
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Papel presentado al" Groupe de travail Histoire de l' …, 1996
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Informe Final, OMM, 2003
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Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives, 2010
Abstract English: This text tries to unveil two distinct aspects of central government? s role in... more Abstract English: This text tries to unveil two distinct aspects of central government? s role in intergovernmental relations. First, it crosses the traditional axis (hierarchy and autonomy) between central/federal government and the regions/states when examining ...
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Rewards for High Public Office in Europe and North …
In 2006 the Spanish Congress made the historical decision to publish the salaries of the members ... more In 2006 the Spanish Congress made the historical decision to publish the salaries of the members of the national parliament (MPs) for the first time in the 30 years of democracy. At least two possible interpretations could explain the introduction of some transparency at ...
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Der moderne Staat-Zeitschrift f? r Public Policy, …, 2010
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Executive Politics in Times of Crisis, 2012
The 'credit crunch'of 2007, associated with sub-prime mortgages in the United States, put... more The 'credit crunch'of 2007, associated with sub-prime mortgages in the United States, put national executives in an ongoing crisis management mode. The global financial meltdown of 2007–2008 turned into a widespread economic crisis between autumn 2008 and late ...
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third meeting of CRIPO. Utrecht, 2008
A meritocratic bureaucracy is of relevance because it has been persuasively linked to higher econ... more A meritocratic bureaucracy is of relevance because it has been persuasively linked to higher economic growth when considering the whole civil service (Evans and Rauch 1999) or when related to the economic areas of central government (World Bank 1993, 1997). ...
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International Review of Administrative …, 2011
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Revista de Obras Públicas: …, 2004
Resumen: México (al que se ha encomendado recientemente la organización del IV Foro Mundial del A... more Resumen: México (al que se ha encomendado recientemente la organización del IV Foro Mundial del Agua en 2006) ha emprendido un proceso de reforma profunda de la legislación y gestión del agua, mostrándose actualmente como el país iberoamericano ...
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Revista del CLAD Reforma y …, 2005
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Annual Conference of the European Group …, 2001
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Papers by Salvador Parrado
non-urban), performance perceptions (how good a job government is doing), government outreach (providing information and seeking consultation), and self-efficacy
(how much of a difference citizens believe they can make). We also report on results from a series of focus groups on the topic of co-production held in each country.
Our results suggest that women and elderly citizens generally engage more often in co-production and that self-efficacy—the belief that citizens can make a difference—is an especially important determinant across sectors. Interestingly, good outcome performance (in the sense of a safe neighborhood, a clean environment, and good health) seems to discourage co-production somewhat. Thus citizens’ co-production appears to
depend in part on awareness of a shortfall in public performance on outcomes. Our results also provide some evidence that co-production is enhanced when governments
provide information or engage citizens in consultation. The specific determinants vary, however, not only by sector but across national contexts.
non-urban), performance perceptions (how good a job government is doing), government outreach (providing information and seeking consultation), and self-efficacy
(how much of a difference citizens believe they can make). We also report on results from a series of focus groups on the topic of co-production held in each country.
Our results suggest that women and elderly citizens generally engage more often in co-production and that self-efficacy—the belief that citizens can make a difference—is an especially important determinant across sectors. Interestingly, good outcome performance (in the sense of a safe neighborhood, a clean environment, and good health) seems to discourage co-production somewhat. Thus citizens’ co-production appears to
depend in part on awareness of a shortfall in public performance on outcomes. Our results also provide some evidence that co-production is enhanced when governments
provide information or engage citizens in consultation. The specific determinants vary, however, not only by sector but across national contexts.
local government level throughout Europe. This cutting
edge book provides both a conceptual overview of this trend and an empirical analysis of the new "local governance networks” which are emerging in Europe.
This book examines the changing relationships between public, private and voluntary actors at local level through case studies in eleven countries and reports from two multi-country comparative studies. It also provides a research agenda for comparative local governance.
the United Kingdom in May 2008 and from expert focus groups undertaken in those countries in early 2008. It is intended to contribute to the debate on how public agencies can deliver public services which best meet the needs of service users, citizens and taxpayers and the challenges for improving the future quality of public services.
2 Increasingly, we are seeing greater involvement of citizens in service delivery.Some of these developments have been driven by advances in ICT, particularly the internet, but there are also instances where citizens have begun to share with professionals some of the key service delivery tasks. It has also become clearer to service professionals over recent years that effective public services require the active contributions of both parties. Consequently, more and more service providers in the private and public sectors are seeking to co-operate with service users in order to tailor services better to their needs and to cut costs.
3 As a result, the relationship between service users and service professionals has changed profoundly, making service users less dependent, while, at the same time, giving them more responsibility. This has raised new interest in issues of co-production, a concept that is closely related to the inherent character of services. In particular, the literature on co-production highlights that production and consumption of many services are inseparable, which implies that quality in
services often occurs during service delivery, usually in the interaction between the customer and provider, rather than just at the end of the process. Therefore, the concept of co-production is a useful way of viewing the new role of citizens as
active participants in service delivery. Various objectives are being pursued by means of co-production, including improving public service quality by bringing in the expertise of the service
user, and often that of their families and communities as well,
into providing more differentiated services and increased choice, and making public services more responsive to users.
The definition of co-production used in this study is the “involvement of citizens in the delivery of public services to achieve outcomes, which depend at least partly on their own behaviour”.
4 Clearly, there is a wide range of citizen co-production roles in service delivery – from ‘hero’ to ‘zero’. Therefore, a citizen survey was undertaken to explore the level of this co-production between citizens and the public sector. However, to set this in context, the survey also explored the extent to which citizens sometimes become engaged in improving outcomes without any involvement with public sector agencies. In particular, the survey focussed on the following issues:
o How big is the role which citizens play in delivering public services?
o How does the involvement of citizens change their attitudes and expectations towards public services?
o Is the role of citizens in public service delivery likely to be more important in the future than at present? What are the obstacles and drivers of co-production in the public domain?
5. The survey was conducted by telephone from April 16 to May 5, 2008, among a representative random sample of 4,951 adults (18 years of age or older), with about 1,000 interviews in including Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The countries were chosen in order to get a wide range of different administrative cultures. The results presented in this report are sweighted according to each country’s representation in the European Union. In all the cases where we compare results across sectors or countries, the differences highlighted are statistically significant. Furthermore, the study focused on three different sectors which reflect distinctly different types of government functions:
o Community safety, as an example of coercive action on the part of the state
o Local environment, as an example of the regulatory function of the state
o Public health, as an example of the welfare improvement function of the state.
6. One key result of the survey is that, contrary to the assumptions made by focus group participants, there are significant levels of co-production by citizens in the five countries studied in all three sectors. Citizens are particularly active in taking steps to look after the local environment (index score 61), to a somewhat lesser degree in health improvement initiatives (index score 52) and considerably less active in prevention of crime (index score 45).