Papers by Francisco Güell
Foundations of Science, Nov 11, 2020
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Neuroethics
In this article, we propose a philosophical exploration on the main problems involved in two neur... more In this article, we propose a philosophical exploration on the main problems involved in two neurorights that concern autonomous action, namely free will and cognitive liberty, and sketch a possible solution to these problems by resourcing to a holistic interpretation of human actions. First, we expose the main conceptual and practical issues arising from the neuroright to “free will,” which are far from minor: the term itself is denied by some trends participating in the neurorights debate, the related concept of ultimate control is also disputed, the understanding of free will depends on cultural context, and the exercise of being free to act in several domains may be covered by other regulations. Second, we analyze the historical origin of cognitive liberty, its current status, and its relation with free will. Third, we criticize the concept of decision in mainstream action theory and propose to conceive action as a unified process constituted by three explanatory, non-sequential...
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Česká gynekologie
Cross-border reproductive care is undoubtedly a current phenomenon. The number of people interest... more Cross-border reproductive care is undoubtedly a current phenomenon. The number of people interested in receiving reproductive care abroad is increasing every year. This new context needs a political solution that would respond to the definition of standard care within the circumstances of providing healthcare to the citizens of another country. Patients that undergo reproductive treatment abroad very often face complications such as language problems, insufficient information, separation from family members, cultural differences and customs, potential unrealistic expectations, and also restrictions by law. This work is descriptive in nature and aims to illustrate the variables that come into play when choosing the Czech Republic over other destinations as a country to receive infertility treatment. We analyze the phenomenon by selecting documents used as sources of data. In our research, we focused on infertility treatment and justified the reasons why foreign citizens choose the Cz...
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Mind, Brain, and Education, 2020
ABSTRACTMaria Montessori developed an educational program during the first half of the 20th centu... more ABSTRACTMaria Montessori developed an educational program during the first half of the 20th century. Nowadays, the Montessori method (MM) is considered one of the main alternatives to teacher‐paced conventional preschool education. This review aims to open a dialogue between the MM and current understanding of neurodevelopment. Four conceptual pillars of the MM—the sensitive periods, the education of the senses, the prepared environment, and spontaneous activities through repetition—are discussed. According to the MM, the teacher provides children with an environment that, leaning on maturational time windows, should promote sensory development through spontaneous repetition. We describe brain changes in 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children due to development and externally‐provided experience. Then, it is discussed whether these pillars are supported by neuroscience. Finally, the influences of Montessori are explained, and we suggest possible lines of research to underpin the neuroscientific ...
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Studia Poliana, 2015
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El Estatuto Biológico Y Ontológico Del Embrión Humano
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Anatomical constitution of sense organs as a marker of mental disorders. Front. Behav. Neurosci. ... more Anatomical constitution of sense organs as a marker of mental disorders. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 9:59. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00059 Anatomical constitution of sense organs as a marker of mental disorders
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The post-humanist embryo: genetic manipulation, assisted reproductive technologies and the princi... more The post-humanist embryo: genetic manipulation, assisted reproductive technologies and the principle of procreative beneficence
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Pre-dispositional constitution and plastic disposition: toward a more adequate descriptive framew... more Pre-dispositional constitution and plastic disposition: toward a more adequate descriptive framework for the notions of habits, learning and plasticity
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Pre-dispositional constitution and plastic disposition: toward a more adequate descriptive framew... more Pre-dispositional constitution and plastic disposition: toward a more adequate descriptive framework for the notions of habits, learning and plasticity
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The liberating dimension of human habit in addiction
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Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II, 2017
In psychiatry, as in any other medical specialty, the clinician collects information from the pat... more In psychiatry, as in any other medical specialty, the clinician collects information from the patient’s anamnesis, clinical observation, and diagnostic tests; evaluates these data; and makes a diagnosis. The most common manuals used to assess a patient’s mental disease according to his or her symptoms are the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This chapter focuses on the dialogue that philosophy and psychiatry have held for decades to achieve a better understanding of dissociative identity disorder (DID). The outcome of this dialogue is the expression of the diagnostic criteria for DID, as well as other dissociative disorders, in the medical manuals. Thus, we first analyze the evolution of DID across the different versions of ICD and DSM. We then show that the characterization of DID and other dissociative disorders is a lively debate that is far from being settled. We demonstrate that the core of this debate is the understanding of person after John Locke’s philosophy: a person is defined by the apparent expression of consciousness and memories. This leads to what we have termed a primary conceptual dissociation: the mental qualities of the person are dissociated from the body. We propose an alternative account based on the dynamic nature of identity and the understanding of person as a mind–body unity. We hope that our proposal, which results from the interdisciplinary dialogue between psychiatry and philosophy, contributes to a better understanding of this disorder and its underlying concepts.
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Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update, 2018
Recent decades have witnessed a surge of confidence in the benefits of applying methods of neuros... more Recent decades have witnessed a surge of confidence in the benefits of applying methods of neuroscience to psychiatric research as indicated, for instance, by the Research Domain Criteria framework proposed by the NIMH. However, the initial excitement of this prospective interdisciplinary partnership has been tempered by a number of setbacks, such as increasing doubts about the reliability of neuroimaging research. In this chapter we propose that many of these challenges can be traced to problems of scientific practice—techne—that have been especially rampant in the neuroscience domain and its application to psychiatry. Additionally, following the work of G.E. Berrios on the specificity of psychiatric objects, we propose that translational neuroscience will be successful only when it embraces a more complete epistemological model of mental symptoms. Finally, we suggest that neuroscience needs to adopt a more critical stance with respect to the image of the brain as a computer and in...
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We present certain aspects of the philosophy of Xavier Zubiri that are central for understanding ... more We present certain aspects of the philosophy of Xavier Zubiri that are central for understanding his approach to the mind-brain problem, and which have been commented on by Leonardo Polo: the notions of living being and body, and the relations of psyche-organism and brain-intellection. This comparison shows there to be certain common elements both in the overall philosophical framework and in the notions that they employ, which make possible a fruitful dialogue, together with certain differences of method and content, which serve to better understand their positions. This introductory examination shows that a debate about the approaches of these philosophers would constitute a useful contribution to the mind-brain debate.
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We argue that increased risk for a variety of diseases in ART children has been consistently reaf... more We argue that increased risk for a variety of diseases in ART children has been consistently reaffirmed by different methods and in diverse populations, providing a methodological critique of recent sibling studies, which hold great potential for studying the risks of ART. A recent within-family analysis using a national population register holds a distinct size advantage over previous studies, and suggested that apparent risks to offspring may be attributable to birth order. However, limitations of the design may have resulted in an erroneous conclusion. We discuss the advantages of a frequently neglected sibling study design, which compares siblings born of surrogate motherhood. While uncertainty remains, the evidence points to elevated risk for ART offspring. It may therefore be prudent to call for an extension of preventive and precautionary decisions to the entire population, and to change informed consent to incorporate the long-term health consequences of fertility treatments.
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PLOS ONE, 2021
Spain was, together with Italy, the first European country severely affected by the COVID-19 pand... more Spain was, together with Italy, the first European country severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. After one month of strict lockdown and eight weeks of partial restrictions, Spanish residents are expected to have revised some of their beliefs. We conducted a survey one year before the pandemic, at its outbreak and during de-escalation (N = 1706). Despite the lockdown, most respondents tolerated being controlled by authorities, and acknowledged the importance of group necessities over individual rights. However, de-escalation resulted in a belief change towards the intrusiveness of authorities and the preeminence of individual rights. Besides, transcendental beliefs–God answering prayers and the existence of an afterlife–declined after the outbreak, but were strengthened in the de-escalation. Results were strongly influenced by political ideology: the proportion of left-sided voters who saw authorities as intrusive greatly decreased, and transcendental beliefs prevailed among ri...
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Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019
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Papers by Francisco Güell
La hipótesis central que vamos a sostener es que la biología y la subjetividad no deben entenderse por separado para luego proceder a explicar su vinculación, ya que se relacionan mutuamente desde su mismo origen. La estructura del libro está supeditada al estudio de esta hipótesis. El primer capítulo es un estudio preliminar que pretende situar al lector en el contexto actual donde se moverá nuestra hipótesis. Esta exposición nos permitirá que en el segundo capítulo podamos concretar nuestra línea argumentativa, esto es, la hipótesis y los objetivos que nos proponemos alcanzar con su verificación. Para facilitar al lector nuestro itinerario, hemos titulado el tercer, cuarto y quinto capítulo con preguntas claras y directas a las que, en cada caso, trataremos de dar respuesta. El tercer capítulo se titula ¿Qué es la sexualidad en el ser humano? Y el cuarto, ¿Hasta qué punto podemos incidir en al realidad sexuada del ser humano? Procedemos de este modo ya que el conocimiento de cuál es la relación entre el sexo y su experiencia subjetiva (pregunta uno) nos va a dar las claves de cómo modificar esa relación (pregunta dos). Para verificar la consistencia de la postura tomada en el presente trabajo, en el siguiente capítulo confrontaremos esta propuesta con situaciones particulares del desarrollo de la sexualidad que pueden estar relacionadas con problemas de disconformidad identitaria. Es decir ¿qué ocurre cuando mi biología y mi experiencia subjetiva no apuntan en la misma dirección? O ¿qué ocurre cuando una misma realidad biológica apunta a diversas direcciones? Como veremos, esta situación podrá acarrear a quien la viva confusión acerca de “quién soy yo” o, por el contrario, podrá vivirse sin que sea causa de confusión sobre la propia identidad. Todo esto lo estudiaremos, en el capítulo sexto titulado ¿Qué nueva información aporta el estudio de casos especiales?”. Cabe destacar que estos tres capítulos formulados a modo de preguntas terminan con un subapartado donde, a modo de conclusiones, recopilamos las ideas centrales alcanzadas. Por último, terminamos con un capítulo, el séptimo, donde recogemos a modo de conclusión lo alcanzado a lo largo de todo el estudio.