The aim of this research is to use Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) prepared from the pyrolysis at 450... more The aim of this research is to use Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) prepared from the pyrolysis at 450 ⁰C for the removal of cationic dye (Rhodamine B) in aqueous solution. The effects of contact time and reaction temperature were studied in a batch setup. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy were used to characterize the modified Biochar and non modified Biochar in order to predict the morphological properties and structural modification respectively. It was found that initial dye concentration (10mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.3g) and contact time (100minutes) were found to give the highest removal of dye from the adsorbents. Subsequently, it was observed that an increase in the reaction parameters showed an increasing trend for the removal of dye. SEM analysis showed distinct morphology for the fresh and spent adsorbent which was linked to potential clogging resulting from uptake of pore sites by the dyes. The adsorption isotherms showed th...
In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye using alginate-graft-poly (methyl methacryl... more In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye using alginate-graft-poly (methyl methacrylate) beads was investigated. The effects of adsorption parameters namely initial pH and initial dye concentration were studied. The removal efficiency of the beads has been found to be dependent on initial dye concentration and initial pH. The experimental equilibrium data was fitted successfully to Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum monolayer coverage of 5.25 mg g−1 and adsorption kinetics data has been well fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The alginate based beads could be used as low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for removal of trace amount of methylene blue from aqueous solution.
The performance of a new adsorbent, sodium alginate-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) in the form o... more The performance of a new adsorbent, sodium alginate-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) in the form of calcium cross-linked beads has been evaluated for the removal of Pb 2+ from aqueous solution. Characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction technique. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the adsorption equilibrium process. The data obtained from the batch experiments using lead ion concentration from 200 to 1,000 mg/L could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 526 mg/g. The data from the kinetic studies correlated with the second-order kinetic model. The regeneration experiments revealed that the beads could be successfully reused for multiple times. The adsorbent proved to be potentially excellent for application in the treatment of wastewater containing lead ions.
One of the most challenging cancers to treat is pancreatic cancer, because its early detection is... more One of the most challenging cancers to treat is pancreatic cancer, because its early detection is extremely difficult, and this condition has remained largely unchanged, in view of this, there is need for research and designing drugs with improved activity against the disease. The use of QSAR incorporating computational techniques and template based virtual design was performed to evaluate twenty compounds from derivatives of xanthines carrying chalcone moiety with anti-pancreatic cancer activities. The QSAR model is developed using genetic function algorithm Multilinear Regression approach. The build QSAR model shows good statistical parameters (R 2 = 0.9594, R 2 = 0.9415 and Q 2 CV =0.9282) the model revealed that the activity of the compounds depends on the molecular descriptors: SpMax7_Bhe, SpMax1_Bhv, bpol and VR1_Dzi. The molecular descriptors have poor correlation with variance inflation factor <3. Among the data set four most potent compounds were selected and docked with EGFR receptor (pdb code: 3POZ), compound 3 and 8 have the lowest binding affinity (-10.2) lower than the reference drug chlorambucil (-6.6). These compounds successfully passed the drug-likeness test (Lipinski's rule) and were discovered to be orally bioavailable. Furthermore, the proposed compounds were shown to have good pharmacokinetics features, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). This study will aid in the discovery of new medication leads and the development of novel therapeutics.
Cellulose can be obtained from various inexhaustible sources, therefore is considered as one of t... more Cellulose can be obtained from various inexhaustible sources, therefore is considered as one of the most sustainable polymeric raw material in nature with attractive properties. In this study, Hyphaene thebaica fiber was subjected to pretreatment with sodium hydroxide solution (5% w/v) i.e. mercerization under the influence of microwave radiation (700 W). The mercerized fiber was evaluated for the adsorption of lead and copper ions (Pb 2+ and Cu 2+) ions from aqueous solutions using batch adsorption method. The adsorption parameters such as the effects of contact time, initial metal ion concentrations, and solution pH were investigated. It was found that maximum adsorption was observed at 80 minutes, 50 mg/L metal ion concentration and solution pH 6. The adsorption equilibrium data were tested using two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich). The FTIR, SEM and XRD analyses showed significant evidence of the modification in the structure of the fiber after alkali pretreatment. The study also revealed that microwave-assisted pretreatment disrupts more lignin from Hyphaene thebaica fiber with shorter pretreatment period compared with the conventional alkali pretreatment. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) were 42.37 and 41.84 for Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ions, respectively. Alkali pretreated Hyphaene thebaica fiber could be utilized as an inexpensive biosorbent for treatment of wastewater that contain Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ions.
A green, highly efficient flocculant based on Moringa oleifera grafted acrylamide was prepared vi... more A green, highly efficient flocculant based on Moringa oleifera grafted acrylamide was prepared via microwave assisted synthesis. The grafted sample was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The flocculation performance of the grafted sample was evaluated. The residual turbidity of the surface water decreased from original 34.5 NTU to 3.3 NTU with removal efficiency of 97%. The pH of the water did not change after the treatment processes. Therefore, grafted Moringa oleifera could be considered as alternative for replacement of alum in surface water treatment.
In this study, methacrylamide (MAA) was successfully grafted with starch by simple free radical p... more In this study, methacrylamide (MAA) was successfully grafted with starch by simple free radical polymerization technique using ammonium persulphate (APS) initiator. Reaction conditions were examined. The highest percentage grafting of 351.60% was found to be best at 1:4 starch:methacrylamide weight ratio, 0.4 g APS and 90°C reaction temperature. The washed copolymers were characterized by spectroscopic and thermal analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed the presence of MAA peaks. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) revealed that the prepared copolymer has improved thermal stability.
In this study, a green chemistry approach was employed in the preparation of Hyphaene thebaica fi... more In this study, a green chemistry approach was employed in the preparation of Hyphaene thebaica fiber grafted polyacrylic acid via microwave assisted method using potassium persulfate as the chemical initiator. The optimum percentage grafting of 92% was achieved under 5 g concentration of acrylic acid, 0.2 g concentration of potassium persulfate (KPS) and 2 minutes of reaction time. The grafted sample was characterized using the following techniques, FTIR, SEM and XRD. The prepared graft copolymer was examined for adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode systems. The adsorption parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration and contact time were also studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to simulate the equilibrium adsorption experimental data. The Langmuir model fitted well with experimental data with maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 20.37 mg/g at 45 minutes. Higher regression coefficient obtained confirmed the suitability of the Langmuir isotherm model which assumed monolayer coverage on the adsorbent surface. The adsorption studies revealed the efficacy of the grafted fiber for removal of Pb(II) ions from dilute aqueous solutions.
Cellulose fiber and nanocrystalline cellulose were extracted from millet husk. Cellulose was extr... more Cellulose fiber and nanocrystalline cellulose were extracted from millet husk. Cellulose was extracted by via alkali (NaOH) and bleaching treatment. Nanocrystalline cellulose was extracted from cellulose using Sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) hydrolysis treatment. The material obtained after each stage was carefully characterized and its chemical composition was determined. The chemical composition of cellulose content from millet husk was 49.9 %, hemicellulose and lignin were 24.2 % and 14 %. The percentage yield of nanocrystalline cellulose was 15.5 %. Morphological investigation was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed the removal of non-cellulosic constituent and confirms the structure of cellulose. Zeta potentials also indicate the stability of the NCC dispersion in an aqueous solution.
Acrylamide was grafted onto cellulose backbone of old newspaper by CAN initiator in aqueous mediu... more Acrylamide was grafted onto cellulose backbone of old newspaper by CAN initiator in aqueous medium. Grafting parameter such as percentage grafting (GP%) and Grafting yield(GY%) was evaluated at different reaction conditions such as temperature, time, monomer and initiator concentration. Hence it was after 150 minutes (at Temperature of 50 0C, 2.5 g of CAN, 4 g of AAM) had highest GP% of 97% and GY% of 160% for CE-g-PAAM respectively. The products were characterized by FTIR and TGA analyses. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater was evaluated using the grafted copolymer. The results revealed promising potential of the grafted cellulose as adsorbent for remediation of waste water.
In this study, grafting of polyacrylonitrile onto sodium alginate was carried out in aqueous medi... more In this study, grafting of polyacrylonitrile onto sodium alginate was carried out in aqueous medium using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier tansforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimety, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The eff€cts of reaction variables such as the ratio of monomer to sodium alginate, amount of BPO, reaction time and teinperature on the percentage grafting G (%) were studied. The optimum conditions for grafting were achieved at a ratio of sodium alginate to acrylonitrile of 1:3 by weight, 0.1 g of BPO and reaction temperature and time of 80"C and 4 h, respectively. These conditions provided highest percentage of grafting and yield of graft copolymerization of 125.s0% and 4t"g4yo, respectively. The results indicate that benzoyl peroxide could be used as thermal initiator for grafting polyacrylonitrile onto sodium alginate.
The aim of this research is to use Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) prepared from the pyrolysis at 450... more The aim of this research is to use Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) prepared from the pyrolysis at 450 ⁰C for the removal of cationic dye (Rhodamine B) in aqueous solution. The effects of contact time and reaction temperature were studied in a batch setup. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy were used to characterize the modified Biochar and non modified Biochar in order to predict the morphological properties and structural modification respectively. It was found that initial dye concentration (10mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.3g) and contact time (100minutes) were found to give the highest removal of dye from the adsorbents. Subsequently, it was observed that an increase in the reaction parameters showed an increasing trend for the removal of dye. SEM analysis showed distinct morphology for the fresh and spent adsorbent which was linked to potential clogging resulting from uptake of pore sites by the dyes. The adsorption isotherms showed th...
In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye using alginate-graft-poly (methyl methacryl... more In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye using alginate-graft-poly (methyl methacrylate) beads was investigated. The effects of adsorption parameters namely initial pH and initial dye concentration were studied. The removal efficiency of the beads has been found to be dependent on initial dye concentration and initial pH. The experimental equilibrium data was fitted successfully to Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum monolayer coverage of 5.25 mg g−1 and adsorption kinetics data has been well fitted by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The alginate based beads could be used as low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for removal of trace amount of methylene blue from aqueous solution.
The performance of a new adsorbent, sodium alginate-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) in the form o... more The performance of a new adsorbent, sodium alginate-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) in the form of calcium cross-linked beads has been evaluated for the removal of Pb 2+ from aqueous solution. Characterization of the adsorbent was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction technique. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the adsorption equilibrium process. The data obtained from the batch experiments using lead ion concentration from 200 to 1,000 mg/L could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity of 526 mg/g. The data from the kinetic studies correlated with the second-order kinetic model. The regeneration experiments revealed that the beads could be successfully reused for multiple times. The adsorbent proved to be potentially excellent for application in the treatment of wastewater containing lead ions.
One of the most challenging cancers to treat is pancreatic cancer, because its early detection is... more One of the most challenging cancers to treat is pancreatic cancer, because its early detection is extremely difficult, and this condition has remained largely unchanged, in view of this, there is need for research and designing drugs with improved activity against the disease. The use of QSAR incorporating computational techniques and template based virtual design was performed to evaluate twenty compounds from derivatives of xanthines carrying chalcone moiety with anti-pancreatic cancer activities. The QSAR model is developed using genetic function algorithm Multilinear Regression approach. The build QSAR model shows good statistical parameters (R 2 = 0.9594, R 2 = 0.9415 and Q 2 CV =0.9282) the model revealed that the activity of the compounds depends on the molecular descriptors: SpMax7_Bhe, SpMax1_Bhv, bpol and VR1_Dzi. The molecular descriptors have poor correlation with variance inflation factor <3. Among the data set four most potent compounds were selected and docked with EGFR receptor (pdb code: 3POZ), compound 3 and 8 have the lowest binding affinity (-10.2) lower than the reference drug chlorambucil (-6.6). These compounds successfully passed the drug-likeness test (Lipinski's rule) and were discovered to be orally bioavailable. Furthermore, the proposed compounds were shown to have good pharmacokinetics features, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). This study will aid in the discovery of new medication leads and the development of novel therapeutics.
Cellulose can be obtained from various inexhaustible sources, therefore is considered as one of t... more Cellulose can be obtained from various inexhaustible sources, therefore is considered as one of the most sustainable polymeric raw material in nature with attractive properties. In this study, Hyphaene thebaica fiber was subjected to pretreatment with sodium hydroxide solution (5% w/v) i.e. mercerization under the influence of microwave radiation (700 W). The mercerized fiber was evaluated for the adsorption of lead and copper ions (Pb 2+ and Cu 2+) ions from aqueous solutions using batch adsorption method. The adsorption parameters such as the effects of contact time, initial metal ion concentrations, and solution pH were investigated. It was found that maximum adsorption was observed at 80 minutes, 50 mg/L metal ion concentration and solution pH 6. The adsorption equilibrium data were tested using two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich). The FTIR, SEM and XRD analyses showed significant evidence of the modification in the structure of the fiber after alkali pretreatment. The study also revealed that microwave-assisted pretreatment disrupts more lignin from Hyphaene thebaica fiber with shorter pretreatment period compared with the conventional alkali pretreatment. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) were 42.37 and 41.84 for Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ions, respectively. Alkali pretreated Hyphaene thebaica fiber could be utilized as an inexpensive biosorbent for treatment of wastewater that contain Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ions.
A green, highly efficient flocculant based on Moringa oleifera grafted acrylamide was prepared vi... more A green, highly efficient flocculant based on Moringa oleifera grafted acrylamide was prepared via microwave assisted synthesis. The grafted sample was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The flocculation performance of the grafted sample was evaluated. The residual turbidity of the surface water decreased from original 34.5 NTU to 3.3 NTU with removal efficiency of 97%. The pH of the water did not change after the treatment processes. Therefore, grafted Moringa oleifera could be considered as alternative for replacement of alum in surface water treatment.
In this study, methacrylamide (MAA) was successfully grafted with starch by simple free radical p... more In this study, methacrylamide (MAA) was successfully grafted with starch by simple free radical polymerization technique using ammonium persulphate (APS) initiator. Reaction conditions were examined. The highest percentage grafting of 351.60% was found to be best at 1:4 starch:methacrylamide weight ratio, 0.4 g APS and 90°C reaction temperature. The washed copolymers were characterized by spectroscopic and thermal analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed the presence of MAA peaks. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) revealed that the prepared copolymer has improved thermal stability.
In this study, a green chemistry approach was employed in the preparation of Hyphaene thebaica fi... more In this study, a green chemistry approach was employed in the preparation of Hyphaene thebaica fiber grafted polyacrylic acid via microwave assisted method using potassium persulfate as the chemical initiator. The optimum percentage grafting of 92% was achieved under 5 g concentration of acrylic acid, 0.2 g concentration of potassium persulfate (KPS) and 2 minutes of reaction time. The grafted sample was characterized using the following techniques, FTIR, SEM and XRD. The prepared graft copolymer was examined for adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode systems. The adsorption parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration and contact time were also studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to simulate the equilibrium adsorption experimental data. The Langmuir model fitted well with experimental data with maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 20.37 mg/g at 45 minutes. Higher regression coefficient obtained confirmed the suitability of the Langmuir isotherm model which assumed monolayer coverage on the adsorbent surface. The adsorption studies revealed the efficacy of the grafted fiber for removal of Pb(II) ions from dilute aqueous solutions.
Cellulose fiber and nanocrystalline cellulose were extracted from millet husk. Cellulose was extr... more Cellulose fiber and nanocrystalline cellulose were extracted from millet husk. Cellulose was extracted by via alkali (NaOH) and bleaching treatment. Nanocrystalline cellulose was extracted from cellulose using Sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) hydrolysis treatment. The material obtained after each stage was carefully characterized and its chemical composition was determined. The chemical composition of cellulose content from millet husk was 49.9 %, hemicellulose and lignin were 24.2 % and 14 %. The percentage yield of nanocrystalline cellulose was 15.5 %. Morphological investigation was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed the removal of non-cellulosic constituent and confirms the structure of cellulose. Zeta potentials also indicate the stability of the NCC dispersion in an aqueous solution.
Acrylamide was grafted onto cellulose backbone of old newspaper by CAN initiator in aqueous mediu... more Acrylamide was grafted onto cellulose backbone of old newspaper by CAN initiator in aqueous medium. Grafting parameter such as percentage grafting (GP%) and Grafting yield(GY%) was evaluated at different reaction conditions such as temperature, time, monomer and initiator concentration. Hence it was after 150 minutes (at Temperature of 50 0C, 2.5 g of CAN, 4 g of AAM) had highest GP% of 97% and GY% of 160% for CE-g-PAAM respectively. The products were characterized by FTIR and TGA analyses. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater was evaluated using the grafted copolymer. The results revealed promising potential of the grafted cellulose as adsorbent for remediation of waste water.
In this study, grafting of polyacrylonitrile onto sodium alginate was carried out in aqueous medi... more In this study, grafting of polyacrylonitrile onto sodium alginate was carried out in aqueous medium using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier tansforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimety, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The eff€cts of reaction variables such as the ratio of monomer to sodium alginate, amount of BPO, reaction time and teinperature on the percentage grafting G (%) were studied. The optimum conditions for grafting were achieved at a ratio of sodium alginate to acrylonitrile of 1:3 by weight, 0.1 g of BPO and reaction temperature and time of 80"C and 4 h, respectively. These conditions provided highest percentage of grafting and yield of graft copolymerization of 125.s0% and 4t"g4yo, respectively. The results indicate that benzoyl peroxide could be used as thermal initiator for grafting polyacrylonitrile onto sodium alginate.
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