Notions de territoire et de mobilité: exemples de l'Europe et des premières nations en Amérique du Nord avant le contact européen. ERAUL 116 edited by Céline Bressy, Ariane Burke, Pierre Chalard, & Hélène Martin
Archaeologists working in northeastern North America continue to rely heavily on stone tool techn... more Archaeologists working in northeastern North America continue to rely heavily on stone tool technology and the sourcing of raw materials for their interpretations of mobility and territoriality among Paleoindians during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Hunter gatherer band ranges refl ected in the lithic raw material use on Early Paleoindian sites are presented for the region of eastern New York, southeastern Quebec and New England. While there has been a greater focus on the accurate geological sourcing of stone tool raw materials using petrography and chemical characterization within the last fifteen years, substantial basic research remains to be done. These studies, combined with a greater attention to the organization of stone tool technology (e.g., chaîne opératoire), should permit archaeologists to revisit and in some cases reinterpret the question of Paleoindian mobility and territoriality.
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rock non-destructive polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (P-ED-XRF) major and
trace element determinations. Chemical results for a weathered and subsequently mechanically
ground subset of New Hampshire Ossipee archaeological flakes, cataloged as hornfels, show that
both groups of elements are variably affected by weathering. A graphic approach is developed
and proposed to highlight the role and importance of immobile elements. A case is made and
an analytical method is proposed for the routine use of P-ED-XRF spectrometers to determine
the chemical makeup of lithic artifacts and therefore provide a data set compatible with existing
geochemical databases and literature. The use of specific variation diagrams is adopted to
portray the weathering trend. Internationally approved geochemical rock type diagrams are
used to correct the rock type previously assigned to Ossipee artifacts and in turn narrow down
potential quarry sources
ENGLISH: Hornfels is a lithic material frequently discovered on prehistoric sites in southern Quebec. It is commonly associated with Terminal Archaic (or “post-laurentian” Archaic [4500–3000 B.P.]) occupations, but this study demonstrates that such an association can be misleading. The results of the physical and chemical analyses presented here also indicate that Mont Royal, a small hill located in the city of Montreal, is the most probable source of hornfels used in prehistoric times. Outcrops of hornfels exist on some other Monteregian Hills, but to this day there are no archaeological indications that they were exploited by aboriginal groups.
toolstone for northeastern Paleoindians. And, by revealing possible pathways that these Paleoindian peoples may have used, the GIS analysis may provide a more realistic perspective on how these early peoples traversed the Ice Age landscapes of New York.
rock non-destructive polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (P-ED-XRF) major and
trace element determinations. Chemical results for a weathered and subsequently mechanically
ground subset of New Hampshire Ossipee archaeological flakes, cataloged as hornfels, show that
both groups of elements are variably affected by weathering. A graphic approach is developed
and proposed to highlight the role and importance of immobile elements. A case is made and
an analytical method is proposed for the routine use of P-ED-XRF spectrometers to determine
the chemical makeup of lithic artifacts and therefore provide a data set compatible with existing
geochemical databases and literature. The use of specific variation diagrams is adopted to
portray the weathering trend. Internationally approved geochemical rock type diagrams are
used to correct the rock type previously assigned to Ossipee artifacts and in turn narrow down
potential quarry sources
ENGLISH: Hornfels is a lithic material frequently discovered on prehistoric sites in southern Quebec. It is commonly associated with Terminal Archaic (or “post-laurentian” Archaic [4500–3000 B.P.]) occupations, but this study demonstrates that such an association can be misleading. The results of the physical and chemical analyses presented here also indicate that Mont Royal, a small hill located in the city of Montreal, is the most probable source of hornfels used in prehistoric times. Outcrops of hornfels exist on some other Monteregian Hills, but to this day there are no archaeological indications that they were exploited by aboriginal groups.
toolstone for northeastern Paleoindians. And, by revealing possible pathways that these Paleoindian peoples may have used, the GIS analysis may provide a more realistic perspective on how these early peoples traversed the Ice Age landscapes of New York.