This paper develops a two-stage grey-box modeling approach that combines manufacturing knowledge-... more This paper develops a two-stage grey-box modeling approach that combines manufacturing knowledge-based (white-box) models with statistical (black-box) metamodels to improve model reusability and predictability. A white-box model can use various types of existing knowledge such as physical theory, high fidelity simulation or empirical data to build the foundation of the general model. The residual between a white-box prediction and empirical data can be represented with a black-box model. The combination of the white-box and black-box models provides the parallel hybrid structure of a grey-box. For any new point prediction, the estimated residual from the black-box is combined with white-box knowledge to produce the final grey-box solution. This approach was developed for use with manufacturing processes, and applied to a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process. It can be applied in other common modeling scenarios. Two illustrative case studies are brought into the work to t...
A new cognitive theory of innovation, the Obscure Features Hypothesis (OFH), is applied to the ar... more A new cognitive theory of innovation, the Obscure Features Hypothesis (OFH), is applied to the area of engineering design innovation. The OFH states that all innovative solutions are built upon at least one overlooked (i.e., obscure) feature of the problem at hand. In this paper, we first highlight the types of features that exist and the cognitive obstacles that hinder people’s ability to notice the obscure members of various feature types. We then detail five innovation techniques we have developed to help designers search the obscure realms of the space of features. Each of these techniques counteracts a specific cognitive obstacle to innovation: design fixation, functional fixedness, narrow verb associations, assumption blindness, and analogy blindness. We compare our approach with other approaches to innovation in psychology (the representation change view and the distant association view) and engineering (theory of inventive problem solving and C – K theory). Finally, we show how the innovation techniques can be implemented in software to assist users in the design process.
Sketching of mechanisms identified during the type synthesis process constitutes an important lin... more Sketching of mechanisms identified during the type synthesis process constitutes an important link with the subsequent dimensional synthesis process in the systematic design of mechanisms. A lack of reliable procedures for the automation of this sketching process is a hurdle towards computerization of the complete design process. In this paper, a simple and robust methodical procedure for automatically sketching every type of kinematic chain regardless of the number of links and degrees of freedom is presented. The development and application of this algorithm based on inter-loop relationship are demonstrated with the aid of several mechanism examples.
This paper develops a two-stage grey-box modeling approach that combines manufacturing knowledge-... more This paper develops a two-stage grey-box modeling approach that combines manufacturing knowledge-based (white-box) models with statistical (black-box) metamodels to improve model reusability and predictability. A white-box model can use various types of existing knowledge such as physical theory, high fidelity simulation or empirical data to build the foundation of the general model. The residual between a white-box prediction and empirical data can be represented with a black-box model. The combination of the white-box and black-box models provides the parallel hybrid structure of a grey-box. For any new point prediction, the estimated residual from the black-box is combined with white-box knowledge to produce the final grey-box solution. This approach was developed for use with manufacturing processes, and applied to a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process. It can be applied in other common modeling scenarios. Two illustrative case studies are brought into the work to t...
A new cognitive theory of innovation, the Obscure Features Hypothesis (OFH), is applied to the ar... more A new cognitive theory of innovation, the Obscure Features Hypothesis (OFH), is applied to the area of engineering design innovation. The OFH states that all innovative solutions are built upon at least one overlooked (i.e., obscure) feature of the problem at hand. In this paper, we first highlight the types of features that exist and the cognitive obstacles that hinder people’s ability to notice the obscure members of various feature types. We then detail five innovation techniques we have developed to help designers search the obscure realms of the space of features. Each of these techniques counteracts a specific cognitive obstacle to innovation: design fixation, functional fixedness, narrow verb associations, assumption blindness, and analogy blindness. We compare our approach with other approaches to innovation in psychology (the representation change view and the distant association view) and engineering (theory of inventive problem solving and C – K theory). Finally, we show how the innovation techniques can be implemented in software to assist users in the design process.
Sketching of mechanisms identified during the type synthesis process constitutes an important lin... more Sketching of mechanisms identified during the type synthesis process constitutes an important link with the subsequent dimensional synthesis process in the systematic design of mechanisms. A lack of reliable procedures for the automation of this sketching process is a hurdle towards computerization of the complete design process. In this paper, a simple and robust methodical procedure for automatically sketching every type of kinematic chain regardless of the number of links and degrees of freedom is presented. The development and application of this algorithm based on inter-loop relationship are demonstrated with the aid of several mechanism examples.
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