Özne. Felsefe Bilim ve Sanat Yazıları, Heidegger Sayısı, 16. Kitap, ss. 54-69, Bahar
Heidegger’in Varlık ve Zaman adlı eserinde ortaya koyduğu Dasein analizinden hareketle yabancılaş... more Heidegger’in Varlık ve Zaman adlı eserinde ortaya koyduğu Dasein analizinden hareketle yabancılaşma kavramının farklı bir boyutuna dikkat çeken bu çalışmanın amacı, Heidegger’in düşüncesinde yabancılaşmanın toplumsal, ekonomik ya da politik içerimleri gibi dışsal nedenlere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmaktan çok, “ontolojik” bir boyuta gönderimde bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bunun anlamı, insanın ontik yapısı gereği dünya içinde bir yabancı olmak zorunda olduğudur. Bu bağlamda yabancılaşma kavramı, otantik olmama kavramı ile birlikte ele alınarak öncelikle Dasein’ın otantik olmayışının ontolojik nedenleri ortaya konulacaktır. Böylelikle Dasein’ın önce otantik bir varoluş içindeyken, sonrasında otantik olmayan bir varoluş içine düşmediği, fakat en başından beri otantik olmadığı gösterilmiş olacaktır. Dasein’ın otantikliğini sonradan kaybetmekten çok, zaten ilkin otantik olmadığının ve ancak daha sonra otantik olma olanağına sahip olduğunun gösterilmesi, onun en başından itibaren kendi varlığına ilişkin ontolojik bir yabancılaşma içinde olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır.
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The most significant appearance of an person in the crowd is the fact of belonging to society including social forces, culture, historical heritage and technical developments makes someone a part of the herd. And society is something more than merely the sum of individuals who composed it. It has a different power on an individual more than a quantitative majority which then becomes a pressure.
Gregor Samsa works as a salesman who sacrifices himself to his family’s livelihood. He is never recognized by his family and expected to support them without considering his personal needs. Kafka uses Gregor's family to show how inhumane society can be. He can not accept this transformation that happens suddenly without his demand, but his parents can do after a while. However he can’t look from the same point of view to his work, parents and life any longer with the isolation.
The Metamorphosis tells the tragedy of an individual in society under the appearance of the relationship of family members. It shows the fact that we establish slave and master relations with each other in society. So it has to be interpreted as the rebellion and alienation of a human being who becomes free with the transformation. Gregor the insect is no longer a part of the herd nor the server of social roles.
Metamorphosis is nothing but a symbol. Kafka uses it to attract people’s attention to the problem of alienation which happens unnoticeably every day to millions of people. The most important fact is the alienation doesn’t start after Gregor has turned into insect. Metamorphosis only shapes out the problems, which have existed before. Alienation from the society and other people is merely a part of the problem. But alienation of an individual from himself is the most serious problem. Gregor is an instance of people who lose their identity in the chase for money, popularity, and wish to correspond to the expectations of others that cause omission of the meaning of existence. So the “metamorphosis” is as a reaction against bourgeois society and being imprisoned by its social and economical demands.
Chernyshevsky’s work, in which there is created a crystal palace, symbolically maintains that there is no freedom for human beings. With the crystal palace he offers a rational model for living. But on the opposite side, Dostoevsky criticises this utilitarian model from an underground man’s point of view. Against Chernyshevky’s assertion of the absolute hegemony of reason, which claims that human behavior is directed by rational laws of nature, Dostoevsky insists on the free choices of human will and on the unpredictability of human nature which is so complicated to be explained by reason. The life style which is imposed by modern culture against tradition, and the fact that this culture itself is increasingly becoming a tradition, causes man to be alienated from society, culture and finally from himself. If we claim that we are living in a democratical society, how can we explain the penetration of modern culture to science, philosophy and every piece of human life?
This paper tries to discuss how scientific thought that enters into philosophy reduces human being to a programmed machine from a perspective of two different worlds that contrast with each other. The aim of this paper is to interpret the hidden symbols in these works from a philosophical view.
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The most significant appearance of an person in the crowd is the fact of belonging to society including social forces, culture, historical heritage and technical developments makes someone a part of the herd. And society is something more than merely the sum of individuals who composed it. It has a different power on an individual more than a quantitative majority which then becomes a pressure.
Gregor Samsa works as a salesman who sacrifices himself to his family’s livelihood. He is never recognized by his family and expected to support them without considering his personal needs. Kafka uses Gregor's family to show how inhumane society can be. He can not accept this transformation that happens suddenly without his demand, but his parents can do after a while. However he can’t look from the same point of view to his work, parents and life any longer with the isolation.
The Metamorphosis tells the tragedy of an individual in society under the appearance of the relationship of family members. It shows the fact that we establish slave and master relations with each other in society. So it has to be interpreted as the rebellion and alienation of a human being who becomes free with the transformation. Gregor the insect is no longer a part of the herd nor the server of social roles.
Metamorphosis is nothing but a symbol. Kafka uses it to attract people’s attention to the problem of alienation which happens unnoticeably every day to millions of people. The most important fact is the alienation doesn’t start after Gregor has turned into insect. Metamorphosis only shapes out the problems, which have existed before. Alienation from the society and other people is merely a part of the problem. But alienation of an individual from himself is the most serious problem. Gregor is an instance of people who lose their identity in the chase for money, popularity, and wish to correspond to the expectations of others that cause omission of the meaning of existence. So the “metamorphosis” is as a reaction against bourgeois society and being imprisoned by its social and economical demands.
Chernyshevsky’s work, in which there is created a crystal palace, symbolically maintains that there is no freedom for human beings. With the crystal palace he offers a rational model for living. But on the opposite side, Dostoevsky criticises this utilitarian model from an underground man’s point of view. Against Chernyshevky’s assertion of the absolute hegemony of reason, which claims that human behavior is directed by rational laws of nature, Dostoevsky insists on the free choices of human will and on the unpredictability of human nature which is so complicated to be explained by reason. The life style which is imposed by modern culture against tradition, and the fact that this culture itself is increasingly becoming a tradition, causes man to be alienated from society, culture and finally from himself. If we claim that we are living in a democratical society, how can we explain the penetration of modern culture to science, philosophy and every piece of human life?
This paper tries to discuss how scientific thought that enters into philosophy reduces human being to a programmed machine from a perspective of two different worlds that contrast with each other. The aim of this paper is to interpret the hidden symbols in these works from a philosophical view.