Papers by Fabiana Dal Pozzo
Vertigo La Revue Electronique En Sciences De L Environnement, Dec 15, 2012
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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2015
The genotypic characterization of Coxiella burnetii provides useful information about the strains... more The genotypic characterization of Coxiella burnetii provides useful information about the strains circulating at the farm, region, or country level and may be used to identify the source of infection for animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the strains of C. burnetii circulating in caprine and bovine Belgian farms using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technique. Direct genotyping was applied to different samples (bulk tank milk, individual milk, vaginal swab, fetal product, and air sample). Besides the well-known SNP genotypes, unreported ones were found in bovine and caprine samples, increasing the variability of the strains found in the two species in Belgium. Moreover, multiple genotypes were detected contemporarily in caprine farms at different years of sampling and by using different samples. Interestingly, certain SNP genotypes were detected in both bovine and caprine samples, raising the question of interspecies transmission of the pathogen.
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The Veterinary Journal, 2015
Noroviruses are RNA viruses that belong to the Genus Norovirus, Family Caliciviridae, and infect ... more Noroviruses are RNA viruses that belong to the Genus Norovirus, Family Caliciviridae, and infect human beings and several animal species, including cattle. Bovine norovirus infections have been detected in cattle of a range of different ages throughout the world. Currently there is no suitable cell culture system for these viruses and information on their pathogenesis is limited. Molecular and serological tests have been developed, but are complicated by the high genetic and antigenic diversity of bovine noroviruses. Bovine noroviruses can be detected frequently in faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves, either alone or in association with other common enteric pathogens, suggesting a role for these viruses in the aetiology of calf enteritis.
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PLOS ONE, 2015
Main impact of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) on livestock consists in reproductive disorders, with te... more Main impact of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) on livestock consists in reproductive disorders, with teratogenic effects, abortions and stillbirths. SBV pathogenesis and viral placental crossing remain currently poorly understood. Therefore, we implemented an experimental infection of ewes, inoculated with SBV at 45 or 60 days of gestation (dg). "Mourerous" breed ewes were randomly separated in three groups: eight and nine ewes were subcutaneously inoculated with 1 ml of SBV infectious serum at 45 and 60 dg, respectively (G45 and G60). Six other ewes were inoculated subcutaneously with sterile phosphate buffer saline as control group. All SBV inoculated ewes showed RNAemia consistent with previously published studies, they seroconverted and no clinical sign was reported. Lambs were born at term via caesarian-section, and right after birth they were blood sampled and clinically examined. Then both lambs and ewes were euthanatized and necropsied. No lambs showed any malformation suggestive of SBV infection and none of them had RNAemia or anti-SBV antibodies prior to colostrum uptake. Positive SBV RNA detection in organs was rare in both G45 and G60 lambs (2/11 and 1/10, respectively). Nevertheless most of the lambs in G45 (9/11) and G60 (9/10) had at least one extraembryonic structure SBV positive by RTqPCR. The number of positive extraembryonic structures was significantly higher in G60 lambs. Time of inoculation (45 or 60 dg) had no impact on the placental colonization success rate but affected the frequency of detecting the virus in the offspring extraembryonic structures by the time of lambing. SBV readily colonized the placenta when ewes were infected at 45 or 60 dg but infection of the fetuses was limited and did not lead to congenital malformations.
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En raison de son fort impact socio-économique et de son importance majeure pour le commerce inter... more En raison de son fort impact socio-économique et de son importance majeure pour le commerce international d'animaux et de produits animaux, la fièvre catarrhale ovine (FCO) est une maladie notifiable à l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé animale (OIE). Avant 1998, la FCO était considérée comme une maladie exotique en Europe. Entre 1998 et 2005, au moins 6 souches virales (bluetongue Virus, BTV) appartenant à cinq sérotypes (BTV 1, 2, 4, 9 et 16) ont été continuellement présentes dans le bassin méditerranéen. Depuis le mois d'août 2006, l'émergence inattendue du sérotype 8 (BTV-8) en Europe du Nord a été la cause d'une épizootie de FCO sans précédent, qui a affecté davantage les bovins qu'auparavant (virulence exacerbée s'exprimant par l'apparition de signes cliniques sévères et de troubles reproducteurs) et a fait intervenir des vecteurs très inféodés à nos régions (notamment le complexe Culicoides obsoletus, Culicoides dewulfi et Culicoides chiopteru...
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Point Veterinaire
Ten years ago bluetongue was considered an exotic disease but it is now potentially endemic. This... more Ten years ago bluetongue was considered an exotic disease but it is now potentially endemic. This article reviews recent data to provide an overview of the European epidemiological situation. The species that are susceptible to the disease as well as the properties of the vectors are studied. Information on the virus is also analysed in particular the mode of introduction into an area and the epidemiological mechanisms of proliferation.
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La fièvre Q est une infection bactérienne zoonotique causée par Coxiella burnetii largement répan... more La fièvre Q est une infection bactérienne zoonotique causée par Coxiella burnetii largement répandue en Wallonie. Le diagnostic de cette maladie reste difficile et des recommandations ont été émises par l’EFSA en termes d’échantillonnage pour poser un diagnostic individuel. Ces recommandations reposent sur des avis d’experts. Dans les troupeaux laitiers, l’accès au lait de grand mélange constitue un prélèvement de choix usuel, peu onéreux et fiable pour le diagnostic à l’échelon du troupeau. En l’absence de lait de grand mélange comme dans les troupeaux allaitants, une solution alternative pourrait être le prélèvement aléatoire de 20 animaux dans le troupeau en production (animaux adultes) pour limiter à la fois les frais de prélèvement et d’analyses sans diminuer les propriétés intrinsèques de la procédure diagnostique. Cette procédure a été testée dans 226 troupeaux laitiers wallons sélectionnés de manière aléatoire, pour lesquels le lait de grand mélange était disponible en même ...
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The Veterinary Journal, 2015
Equid herpesvirus infections cause respiratory, neurological and reproductive syndromes. Despite ... more Equid herpesvirus infections cause respiratory, neurological and reproductive syndromes. Despite preventive and control measures and the availability of vaccines and immunostimulants, herpesvirus infections still constitute a major threat to equine health and for the equine industry worldwide. Antiviral drugs, particularly nucleoside analogues and foscarnet, are successfully used for the treatment of human alphaherpesvirus infections. In equine medicine, the use of antiviral medications in alphaherpesvirus infections would decrease the excretion of virus and diminish the risk of contagion and the convalescent time in affected horses, and would also improve the clinical outcome of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy. The combined use of antiviral compounds, along with vaccines, immune modulators, and effective preventive and control measures, might be beneficial in diminishing the negative impact of alphaherpesvirus infections in horses. The purpose of this review is to analyse the available information regarding the use of antiviral agents against alphaherpesviruses, with particular emphasis on equine alphaherpesvirus infections.
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Transboundary and emerging diseases, Jan 17, 2015
Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Orthobunyavirus affecting European domestic ruminants. I... more Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Orthobunyavirus affecting European domestic ruminants. In this study, three groups of ewes (n = 3) were inoculated with 1 ml of an SBV infectious serum, via the subcutaneous (SC), intradermal (ID) or intranasal (IN) route. The ewes were monitored for 10 days and no clinical signs were reported. IN inoculation failed to generate any detectable RNAemia. SC and ID inoculation induced typical SBV RNAemia and seroconversion upon day 6 post-inoculation in 3/3 and 2/3 sheep, respectively. In all the animals that showed RNAemia, the viral genome could be detected in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both the SC and ID routes seem suitable to properly reproduce field conditions, as comparable observations were reported regarding RNAemia, seroconversion and viral genome detection in organs.
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Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2014
The current situation in the use of antiviral drugs in veterinary medicine is characterised by a ... more The current situation in the use of antiviral drugs in veterinary medicine is characterised by a novel and optimistic approach.Viruses of veterinary importance are still used as animal models in the developmentof human therapeutics, but there is growing interest in many of these viruses in the identification of antiviral molecules for use in both livestock and companion animals. The use of antiviral drugs in livestock animals is envisaged for the treatment or control of disease on a large scale (mass treatment), whereas in companion animals an individual approach is favoured. An overview of the most recent examples of research in the use of antivirals in veterinary medicine is presented, with particular emphasis on their in vivo applications.
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Veterinary microbiology, Jan 16, 2006
Proliferative orf virus infections in adult sheep have increased in Italy in the past few years: ... more Proliferative orf virus infections in adult sheep have increased in Italy in the past few years: these extreme cases are frequently fatal and difficult to differentiate from other infectious diseases of sheep such as blue tongue. A probable explanation for the proliferative and highly vascularized nature of the lesions was found in the expression of the VEGF-E gene encoded by the orf virus. To investigate a possible role of the viral VEGF in the pathogenesis of severe persistent orf virus lesions, the activity of four VEGF-E variants was compared by an angiogenesis in vitro model. Similar angiogenic activity was found between strains isolated from the classical and the proliferative forms of the disease, even if the latter was able to develop a higher number of vessels during the first 24 h of infection. Our in vitro findings seems to exclude that the VEGF variants encoded by the strain isolated from the atypical form of the disease could be the responsible for the histopathological...
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The new microbiologica, 2004
The orf virus is the causal agent of contagious ecthyma in goats and sheep. The infection can be ... more The orf virus is the causal agent of contagious ecthyma in goats and sheep. The infection can be transmitted to humans and represents a typical example of occupational zoonosis. In Italy, the incidence of human infection remains uncertain because the disease is rarely reported or diagnosed. In this paper, we report a case of human orf virus infection and the laboratory methods of diagnosis. We demonstrated a genomic identity between the conserved and the variable regions of the genome of the viral strains isolated from the human patient and from the infected sheep confirming that there is no specific clone infecting humans rather than animals.
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Virus Research, 2004
The orf virus is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus and is the causative agent of contagi... more The orf virus is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus and is the causative agent of contagious echtyma, a debilitating skin disease of sheep and goats, which can also affect man. The virus exhibits a restricted host range, even if it has been shown to bind to a wide range of tissues of non-permissive species. This ability is an argument for its potential use as an expression vector. Since most mammalian cell types express heparan sulfate (HS) surface receptors, we assumed that HS could serve as receptors to mediate orf virus binding. In this study, we showed that orf virus is inhibited by the addition of soluble heparin in cell cultures. Affinity chomatography using heparin agarose demonstrated that orf virus F1L is the major heparin binding protein. Furthermore, the recombinant F1L protein was visualised on the cell surface by confocal microscopy, and rabbits immunised with recombinant F1L protein produced virus neutralising antibodies. These results confirm that the F1L immunodominant protein is also involved in virus binding to cells as for the vaccinia homologue H3L protein. Heparin also inhibited the binding of the F1L protein to cells showing that this protein has a role in the early stages of infection.
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Research in Veterinary Science, 2010
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Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift
... Makoschey B, Maclachlan J, v Wuijckhuise L, Kirschvink N, dal Pozzo F, Petit H, Kaandorp-Hube... more ... Makoschey B, Maclachlan J, v Wuijckhuise L, Kirschvink N, dal Pozzo F, Petit H, Kaandorp-Huber C, v Rijn P, Sellal E, Oura C, Boinas F, Cavirani S, de Clercq K, Lucientes J, Meijjes CP, Zientara S, Meyer G, Thiry E. Intervet Schering-Plough Animal Health, Boxmeer, The ...
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Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2014
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Vaccine, 2011
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Veterinary Research Communications, 2007
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Papers by Fabiana Dal Pozzo