Jean Huot
Université Laval, Biologie, Emeritus
Research Interests: Animal Science, Biology, Diet, Ecology, Agriculture, and 9 moreDensity, Canada, Forest, Plant, Québec, Forage, Odocoileus virginianus, White Tailed Deer, and Rumen
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Research Interests: Geography, Forestry, Ecology, Quebec, Canopy, and 4 moreBalsam Fir, Abies Balsamea, Mixed Forest, and Balsam
Recent studies of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in northern Quebec and central Labrador have demonstrated similar patterns of seasonal movements and distribution among four herds. Aerial surveys and radio-telemetry... more
Recent studies of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in northern Quebec and central Labrador have demonstrated similar patterns of seasonal movements and distribution among four herds. Aerial surveys and radio-telemetry indicated that animals occupied forest-wetland habitat at densities of 0.03 caribou km2, or lower, for most of the year. Although females were widely dispersed at calving individuals demonstrated fidelity toward specific calving locations, in successive years. Caribou did not form large post-calving aggregations. Movement was greatest in the spring, prior to calving, and in the fall, during or immediately after rutting. Caribou were generally sedentary during summer and winter, although some moved relatively long distances to late-winter range. Although the herds occupy continuous range across Quebec and Labrador, our data indicate that the herds are largely discreete and should be managed individually.
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Abstract: Among ungulate species living in boreal regions, moose (Alces alces) are most likely to suffer from heat stress since they have a relatively low upper critical temperature (14 °C in summer and -5 °C in winter). We tested the... more
Abstract: Among ungulate species living in boreal regions, moose (Alces alces) are most likely to suffer from heat stress since they have a relatively low upper critical temperature (14 °C in summer and -5 °C in winter). We tested the hypothesis that moose adopt behaviours to reduce thermoregulatory costs. We predicted that moose exposed to high intensities of solar radiation or high air temperatures would 1) seek a type of vegetation association that provides thermal shelter and 2) reduce activity. We also predicted that these behaviours would be most evident in summer. Thermal-shelter use and activity of 30 free-ranging moose were measured over 3 y in a 940-km2 study area of boreal forest using GPS telemetry collars. The effect of solar radiation and air temperature on thermal-shelter use and activity were assessed using logistic and multiple regression analyses. Habitat use and activity rates of moose were related to air temperature but not solar radiation. The probability of finding moose in thermal shelters increased with air temperature in summer and fall. Moose activity did not decrease as air temperature increased, but it increased at night during hot periods. As expected, moose response to thermal conditions was most noted in summer. Our results suggest that moose reduce exposure to thermal stress by using thermal shelters during the day and by increasing nocturnal activity. These behavioural adaptations allow moose to cope with thermal stress on a small temporal scale. Negative effects of heat stress could be important in areas where air temperatures are very high for extended periods of time or where thermal cover is scarce.
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Few studies have examined the influence of distribution of vegetation types at the landscape level on movement of bears in and around a protected area. We analyzed movement and spatial use patterns of 19 adult female black bears (Ursus... more
Few studies have examined the influence of distribution of vegetation types at the landscape level on movement of bears in and around a protected area. We analyzed movement and spatial use patterns of 19 adult female black bears (Ursus americanus) in relation to distribution of vegetation types in and near La Mauricie National Park (LMNP), Quebec, Canada, between July 1990 and December 1992. The home range of radiotracked females included a core area of 11.6 km 2 in 1991 (n = 9) and 13.3 km 2 (n = 14) in 1992. The proportion of locations in this core area was correlated (P < 0.050) with the availability of early-successional stands and maple-beech forests that provide 2 important food sources for bears (i.e., soft mast, beechnuts). In 1991-92, bears were located more often (P < 0.050) inside the park between late April and mid-July than during the period of soft-mast ripening between mid-July and mid-September. The declining use of the park during the period of soft-mast ripening was caused by the low occurrence of early-successional stands inside the park, and increased the vulnerability of female black bears to human-related mortality. This vulnerability would probably decrease if early-successional stands were maintained inside the park, and if a surrounding buffer zone was established. In this buffer zone, agriculture and residential developments should be prohibited, and hunting should be restricted to the spring period.
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... Nitrogen content was deter-mined with an automated macro-Kjeldahl an-alyzer (Kjell-Foss, model 16210) following the Association of Official Analytical Chemists&#x27; (1984:154) method. ... Bulrush rhizomes were collected at... more
... Nitrogen content was deter-mined with an automated macro-Kjeldahl an-alyzer (Kjell-Foss, model 16210) following the Association of Official Analytical Chemists&#x27; (1984:154) method. ... Bulrush rhizomes were collected at Cap-St-Ig-nace along the St. ...
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1 Changes in demography and studies on physical condition of the Riviere George caribou Rangifer tarandus herd have suggested that its size may be primarily regulated by the amount of forage available on the summer range. 2 We therefore... more
1 Changes in demography and studies on physical condition of the Riviere George caribou Rangifer tarandus herd have suggested that its size may be primarily regulated by the amount of forage available on the summer range. 2 We therefore document the impact of grazing and ...
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... Aceraceae-), Acer-saccharum [sugar-maple] (Aceraceae-), Aralia-nudicaulis [sarsaparilla-] (Araliaceae-), Cornus-canadensis [bunchberry-] (Cornaceae-), Corylus-cornuta [beaked-hazelnut] (Betulaceae-), Maianthemum-canadense... more
... Aceraceae-), Acer-saccharum [sugar-maple] (Aceraceae-), Aralia-nudicaulis [sarsaparilla-] (Araliaceae-), Cornus-canadensis [bunchberry-] (Cornaceae-), Corylus-cornuta [beaked-hazelnut] (Betulaceae-), Maianthemum-canadense [lily-of-the-valley] (Liliaceae-), Odocoileus ...
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Research Interests: Geology, Arctic, Behaviour, Mosquito, Habitat Selection, and 5 moreCaribou, Rangifer tarandus, Québec, Comportement, and Moustique
To determine if gap dynamics can play an important role in the natural regeneration process of Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)-Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) forests and to determine the effects of gap characteristics on regenerating... more
To determine if gap dynamics can play an important role in the natural regeneration process of Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)-Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) forests and to determine the effects of gap characteristics on regenerating woody species, we sampled 119 gaps from 64 forest stands in La Mauricie National Park. Gaps averaged 184.5 m² in size. The mean gap age was 7.8 years. Gaps were usually created by broken or uprooted trees and only rarely resulted from Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreaks. We found 25 species that regenerated in the gaps or under the forest cover. When considering all species, significantly more stems/ha were in gaps than under the forest cover. Gap characteristics generally did not influence regenerating woody species. We present a comprehensive model of gap dynamics in Balsam Fir-Yellow Birch forests, starting from a dense canopy, continuing with the creation and colonization of gaps, and ending to the closure of the canopy. Gap dynami...
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AbstractIn north-east North America, it has been often reported that white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) preferentially locate their winter yards along streams and lakes. However, it has never been determined if this... more
AbstractIn north-east North America, it has been often reported that white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) preferentially locate their winter yards along streams and lakes. However, it has never been determined if this pattern of habitat use was related to the distribution of coniferous stands associated with more humid, down slope sites along waterways or if deer preferentially use riparian stands in their winter yard. An experimental design to discriminate the effect of stream or lake proximity from other habitat features, was established in the lac des Baies deer yard, near Rimouski (eastern Quebec). Using pellet-group counts as an index of habitat use, the use of mature coniferous stands (3.75 ha balsam fir—northern white-cedar stands) contiguous to water (n = 8) was compared with similar fir—cedar stands (n = 8) located in the same deer yard but away (< 300 m) from streams or lakes. According to this index, riparian stands were used almost twice as much as the non-riparian stands (P =...
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Page 1. Telemety and Spatial Technology L GPS LOCATION ACCURACY 1 71 lnfluence of satellite geometry and differential correction on GPS location accuracy Christian Dussault, Rehaume Courtois, Jean-Pierre Ouellet, and Jean Huot ...
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L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les effets à long terme du broutement du cerf de Virginie sur la végétation de l'île d'Anticosti. Nous avons comparé la végétation d'Anticosti à celle des îles Mingan qui... more
L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les effets à long terme du broutement du cerf de Virginie sur la végétation de l'île d'Anticosti. Nous avons comparé la végétation d'Anticosti à celle des îles Mingan qui constituent un site témoin sans cerfs. Nous avons mesuré le recouvrement et la hauteur par espèce des plantes dans quatre habitats et dans des sites protégés du broutement par des enclos depuis 5 ans à Anticosti. Il n'y avait pas de différence entre Anticosti et Mingan pour le nombre total d'espèces mais la composition en espèces différait entre les deux sites. La structure d'âge des sapinières a été particulièrement modifiée à Anticosti car la régénération y est inhibée. Cependant, plusieurs espèces caractéristiques des sapinières sont réapparues dans les sites protégés du broutement. Le cerf exerce donc encore une influence marquée sur la structure et la composition des communautés végétales d'Anticosti et en modifie la succession natur...
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... Qu6bec, G5L 3A1 Canada; Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Universit6 Laval, Sainte-Foy, Qu6bec, GI K 7P4 Canada CHRISTIAN PELLETIER, Ministbre ... FEED: a mixture of sawdust, ground yellow corn, bar-ley grain, oat grain, ground soy... more
... Qu6bec, G5L 3A1 Canada; Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Universit6 Laval, Sainte-Foy, Qu6bec, GI K 7P4 Canada CHRISTIAN PELLETIER, Ministbre ... FEED: a mixture of sawdust, ground yellow corn, bar-ley grain, oat grain, ground soy bean, beet pulp, cane molasses, limestone ...
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... about deer manage-ment policies have arisen when this ap-parently simple idea was confronted with programs such as artificial feeding or im-plementation of the buck law (Doman and Rasmussen 1944, Swift ... 1952, Garrison 1953, Lay... more
... about deer manage-ment policies have arisen when this ap-parently simple idea was confronted with programs such as artificial feeding or im-plementation of the buck law (Doman and Rasmussen 1944, Swift ... 1952, Garrison 1953, Lay 1969, Dasmann 1971: 31, Wallmo et al. ...
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Research Interests: Regeneration, Environmental Management, Biology, Ecology, Density, and 15 moreApplied Ecology, Ecosystem management, Competitive advantage, Applied, Natural Regeneration, Forest succession, Boreal Forest, Forest Regeneration, Forest ecosystem, Odocoileus virginianus, Ecological Applications, Forest Cover, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT, Herbivore, and Height Growth
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A multiresource forest inventory can be defined as a coherent group of methods used to collect the information required for integrated forest management. It represents a management tool that can provide a common data base to evaluate... more
A multiresource forest inventory can be defined as a coherent group of methods used to collect the information required for integrated forest management. It represents a management tool that can provide a common data base to evaluate simultaneously wood production, wildlife habitat quality and sensitive ecological variables. The objective of this study was to develop a multiresource inventory adapted to the needs of wood and wildlife habitat supply analysis in Quebec's public forests. Special attention was given to identifying the additional variables needed in the present forest inventory to adequately evaluate wildlife habitat quality. Most of the critical habitat variables used in Habitat Suitability Indices Models for a large number of species are already integrated in Quebec's forest inventory. However, two critical habitat variables should be added : the shrub layer and snags. The former plays a major ecological role for the survival of most not hibernating herbivores ...
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In northeastern regions of North America, deer sometimes face hard winters, which may kill more than 40 percent of the population. Management of their winter habitat is not enough to avoid extensive losses from starvation. Emergency... more
In northeastern regions of North America, deer sometimes face hard winters, which may kill more than 40 percent of the population. Management of their winter habitat is not enough to avoid extensive losses from starvation. Emergency feeding programs have therefore been developed to reduce population fluctuations, which make it difficult to manage the species. During the winters of 1996 and 1997, we simulated two emergency feeding programs for deer in two deer yards located in Bas Saint-Laurent, Quebec. One of the programs was linked to the cutting of stems of non-commercial species, and the other to the distribution of a specially adapted animal feed. In accordance to the regional intervention strategy, we supplied additional feed to satisfy about 50 percent of the deers' feed requirements. In this study, we have compared the costs of the two programs during four and eight week periods. In comparison to stem cuttings, feed distribution reduces by two to three times the expenses ...
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Research Interests: Computer Science, Expert Systems, Forest Ecology And Management, Biodiversity, Forest Ecology, and 15 moreEcological Modelling, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forests, expert System, Boreal Forest, Decision support tool, Bayesian Network, Decision making process, Forest Regeneration, Ecosystem Function, Boreal forests, Bottom Up, and Bayesian theory
... Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:312–321. CrossRef. Suttie, JM and JR Webster. 1995. ... Symposium of the Zoological Society of London 57:203–229. Ullrey, DE, WG Youatt, HE Johnson, LD Fay, BE Brent, and KE Kemp. 1968. ...
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Individual condition generally depends on density and is partly determined by habitat quality and climate. We studied long-term trends in the condition and productivity of female caribou ( Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)) in two large... more
Individual condition generally depends on density and is partly determined by habitat quality and climate. We studied long-term trends in the condition and productivity of female caribou ( Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)) in two large migratory herds in the Quebec–Labrador peninsula (Canada), the George and the Feuilles herds. Females from the George herd were in better summer condition than those from the more abundant Feuilles herd in 2001–2002, while it was the opposite in 1988 when the Feuilles herd was less abundant than the George herd. Summer nutrition followed the same pattern between herds through time. Spring body condition of females in the George herd declined from 1976 to the mid-1980s during early population growth. Fall condition, however, did not change from 1983 to 2002 when caribou numbers first peaked and later declined. Pregnancy rates were inversely related to herd size in both herds. Vegetation quality (NDVI) in June was significantly related to body proteins in t...