A non-profit publisher devoted to the diffusion of extractive metallurgy literature. Registered i... more A non-profit publisher devoted to the diffusion of extractive metallurgy literature. Registered in Quebec City under number 2240676462
Books authored and edited, reviews and original research of historical and technical papers publi... more Books authored and edited, reviews and original research of historical and technical papers published up to June 2017 are presented.
Çeviren: Mehmet CANBAZOĞLU ÖZET Metal üretiminde kısmen düşük sıcaklıklarda etkin olan hidrometal... more Çeviren: Mehmet CANBAZOĞLU ÖZET Metal üretiminde kısmen düşük sıcaklıklarda etkin olan hidrometalurjik yöntemx 1er yüksek sıcaklık gerektiren pirometalurjik yöntemlere üstünlük kazanmaktadır.
“Precipitation in Hydrometallurgy,” Proc. XVIII Intern. Mineral Processing Congress 5, 1323–1328 ... more “Precipitation in Hydrometallurgy,” Proc. XVIII Intern. Mineral Processing Congress 5, 1323–1328 (1993). Reprinted with French summary in Industrie Minérale, Les Techniques 76, 108–113 (1994). Extended abstract in Proc. Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, pp. 423–424, 1992, translated in Turkish in Bull. Chamber Min. Engineers of Turkey 34(3) 45–58 (1995).
Hidrometalurjide Yeni Gelişmeler.
ÇEVİRENİN NOTU
6-9 Haziran 1979 tarihinde Polonya'nın Varşova k... more Hidrometalurjide Yeni Gelişmeler. ÇEVİRENİN NOTU 6-9 Haziran 1979 tarihinde Polonya'nın Varşova kentinde yapılan 13. Uluslar arası Cevher Zenginleştirme Kongresinde hidrometalarji dalında da ilginç tebliğler sunulmuştur. Bu tebliğler arasında hidrometalurjide yeni gelişmeler başlığı altmda verilen tebliğ hidrometalurjide büyük isim Fathi Habashi’ nindir. Dünyada hidrometalurjik gelişmeleri içeren bu tebliğ ülkemizde de madencilik sektörünü yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Çinko - Kurşun endüstrisinin teknolojik sorunlarına açıklık getirilmektedir. Ayrıca, dünya bakır endüstrisindeki gelişmeler ülkemizde sıcak ilgi görecektir.
El renio, número atómico 75, peso atómico 186,2 fue descubierto
en Alemania en 1925 por la joven ... more El renio, número atómico 75, peso atómico 186,2 fue descubierto en Alemania en 1925 por la joven química Ida Noddack, de 26 años, nacida en Tacke (1896-1978). El metal demostró ser un metal refractario con un punto de fusión 3180 ºC –la temperatura de fusión más alta después de la del tungsteno, que tiene el punto de fusión en 3380 ºC. Así, el renio se convirtió en un metal muy útil para preparar las aleaciones de fusión elevada. Se produce principalmente de los concentrados de la molibdenita separados de la chalcopirita.
La cerámica no sólo es utilizada por pirometalurgistas en los
hornos de manipulación de material ... more La cerámica no sólo es utilizada por pirometalurgistas en los hornos de manipulación de material fundido sino por hidrometalurgistas en los reactores de manejo de lodos. En la hidrometalurgia se les conoce como ladrillos resistentes al ácido.
Metalurgia extractiva para el futuro.
Extraer los metales de los minerales requiere un número de ... more Metalurgia extractiva para el futuro. Extraer los metales de los minerales requiere un número de operaciones: algunas mecánicas, físicas, y fisicoquímicas conocidos como BENEFICIO DE MINERALES y algunas químicas conocidas como METALURGIA EXTRACTIVA. Los procesos químicos se pueden dividir para la onveniencia como piro-, hidro-, y electrometalurgia. La IROMETALURGIA es la tecnología más antigua, mientras que la HIDROMETALURGIA tiene unos cuatro siglos de viejo. Por otra parte la ELECTROMETALURGIA es la más reciente y entró en existencia solamente después de la invención de los generadores eléctricos de gran tamaño a mediados del siglo XIX. Luego, no es ninguna maravilla que, en algunos casos, estas dos nuevas tecnologías estén desplazando a los más viejos en forma gradual, debido a una mejora de la eficiencia y de la economía o porque cumplen con regulaciones ambientales. Aquí algunos ejemplos.
(Santiago, Chile) 56 (240), 13–17 (2001).
“Metallurgy, History of,” pp. 5537–5541 in Encyclopedia... more (Santiago, Chile) 56 (240), 13–17 (2001). “Metallurgy, History of,” pp. 5537–5541 in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science & Technology, Elsevier 2001. Also in “Milestones in the History of Metallurgy,” Proceedings Fifth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, Kyongiu, Korea, April 2002, edited by Gyu-Kim, Kyung-Woo Yi, and Hyung-Tai Kang, pp. 53–60,.
“Postage Stamps Highlight History of Uranium,” International Atomic Energy Agency Bulletin 42 (4)... more “Postage Stamps Highlight History of Uranium,” International Atomic Energy Agency Bulletin 42 (4), 20–21 (2000). http://www.nuclear.cetin.net.cn/cnic/bulletin/0004/020.htm.
G. Coloma and F. Habashi, “The Silver Refinery Ruins at Antofagasta, Chile,” pp. 429–441 in Proce... more G. Coloma and F. Habashi, “The Silver Refinery Ruins at Antofagasta, Chile,” pp. 429–441 in Proceedings VIII Congresso Nacional de Metalurgia, Antofagasta 1994. Reprinted in Bull. Can. Inst. Min. & Met. 87 (984) 93–96 (1994). Transl. in Spanish, “Las Ruinas de la Refinería de Plata en Antfagasta, Chile,” Minerales (Santiago) 55 (236), 19–24 (2000)
ALGUNOS CONSEJOS PARA LOS RECIÉN GRADUADOS
Spanish translation of French text appeared in Au fil ... more ALGUNOS CONSEJOS PARA LOS RECIÉN GRADUADOS Spanish translation of French text appeared in Au fil des Événements in LE COURRIER (Université Laval) 30 (21), 7–8 (1995) Quelques conseils à nos nouveaux diplômés El consejo del viejo sabio Polonio al joven Hamlet: “No prestes, ni pidas prestado”, puede ya no ser pertinente. He aquí unos consejos que yo creo que son más importantes para los jóvenes graduados.
A non-profit publisher devoted to the diffusion of extractive metallurgy literature. Registered i... more A non-profit publisher devoted to the diffusion of extractive metallurgy literature. Registered in Quebec City under number 2240676462
Books authored and edited, reviews and original research of historical and technical papers publi... more Books authored and edited, reviews and original research of historical and technical papers published up to June 2017 are presented.
Çeviren: Mehmet CANBAZOĞLU ÖZET Metal üretiminde kısmen düşük sıcaklıklarda etkin olan hidrometal... more Çeviren: Mehmet CANBAZOĞLU ÖZET Metal üretiminde kısmen düşük sıcaklıklarda etkin olan hidrometalurjik yöntemx 1er yüksek sıcaklık gerektiren pirometalurjik yöntemlere üstünlük kazanmaktadır.
“Precipitation in Hydrometallurgy,” Proc. XVIII Intern. Mineral Processing Congress 5, 1323–1328 ... more “Precipitation in Hydrometallurgy,” Proc. XVIII Intern. Mineral Processing Congress 5, 1323–1328 (1993). Reprinted with French summary in Industrie Minérale, Les Techniques 76, 108–113 (1994). Extended abstract in Proc. Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, pp. 423–424, 1992, translated in Turkish in Bull. Chamber Min. Engineers of Turkey 34(3) 45–58 (1995).
Hidrometalurjide Yeni Gelişmeler.
ÇEVİRENİN NOTU
6-9 Haziran 1979 tarihinde Polonya'nın Varşova k... more Hidrometalurjide Yeni Gelişmeler. ÇEVİRENİN NOTU 6-9 Haziran 1979 tarihinde Polonya'nın Varşova kentinde yapılan 13. Uluslar arası Cevher Zenginleştirme Kongresinde hidrometalarji dalında da ilginç tebliğler sunulmuştur. Bu tebliğler arasında hidrometalurjide yeni gelişmeler başlığı altmda verilen tebliğ hidrometalurjide büyük isim Fathi Habashi’ nindir. Dünyada hidrometalurjik gelişmeleri içeren bu tebliğ ülkemizde de madencilik sektörünü yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Çinko - Kurşun endüstrisinin teknolojik sorunlarına açıklık getirilmektedir. Ayrıca, dünya bakır endüstrisindeki gelişmeler ülkemizde sıcak ilgi görecektir.
El renio, número atómico 75, peso atómico 186,2 fue descubierto
en Alemania en 1925 por la joven ... more El renio, número atómico 75, peso atómico 186,2 fue descubierto en Alemania en 1925 por la joven química Ida Noddack, de 26 años, nacida en Tacke (1896-1978). El metal demostró ser un metal refractario con un punto de fusión 3180 ºC –la temperatura de fusión más alta después de la del tungsteno, que tiene el punto de fusión en 3380 ºC. Así, el renio se convirtió en un metal muy útil para preparar las aleaciones de fusión elevada. Se produce principalmente de los concentrados de la molibdenita separados de la chalcopirita.
La cerámica no sólo es utilizada por pirometalurgistas en los
hornos de manipulación de material ... more La cerámica no sólo es utilizada por pirometalurgistas en los hornos de manipulación de material fundido sino por hidrometalurgistas en los reactores de manejo de lodos. En la hidrometalurgia se les conoce como ladrillos resistentes al ácido.
Metalurgia extractiva para el futuro.
Extraer los metales de los minerales requiere un número de ... more Metalurgia extractiva para el futuro. Extraer los metales de los minerales requiere un número de operaciones: algunas mecánicas, físicas, y fisicoquímicas conocidos como BENEFICIO DE MINERALES y algunas químicas conocidas como METALURGIA EXTRACTIVA. Los procesos químicos se pueden dividir para la onveniencia como piro-, hidro-, y electrometalurgia. La IROMETALURGIA es la tecnología más antigua, mientras que la HIDROMETALURGIA tiene unos cuatro siglos de viejo. Por otra parte la ELECTROMETALURGIA es la más reciente y entró en existencia solamente después de la invención de los generadores eléctricos de gran tamaño a mediados del siglo XIX. Luego, no es ninguna maravilla que, en algunos casos, estas dos nuevas tecnologías estén desplazando a los más viejos en forma gradual, debido a una mejora de la eficiencia y de la economía o porque cumplen con regulaciones ambientales. Aquí algunos ejemplos.
(Santiago, Chile) 56 (240), 13–17 (2001).
“Metallurgy, History of,” pp. 5537–5541 in Encyclopedia... more (Santiago, Chile) 56 (240), 13–17 (2001). “Metallurgy, History of,” pp. 5537–5541 in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science & Technology, Elsevier 2001. Also in “Milestones in the History of Metallurgy,” Proceedings Fifth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, Kyongiu, Korea, April 2002, edited by Gyu-Kim, Kyung-Woo Yi, and Hyung-Tai Kang, pp. 53–60,.
“Postage Stamps Highlight History of Uranium,” International Atomic Energy Agency Bulletin 42 (4)... more “Postage Stamps Highlight History of Uranium,” International Atomic Energy Agency Bulletin 42 (4), 20–21 (2000). http://www.nuclear.cetin.net.cn/cnic/bulletin/0004/020.htm.
G. Coloma and F. Habashi, “The Silver Refinery Ruins at Antofagasta, Chile,” pp. 429–441 in Proce... more G. Coloma and F. Habashi, “The Silver Refinery Ruins at Antofagasta, Chile,” pp. 429–441 in Proceedings VIII Congresso Nacional de Metalurgia, Antofagasta 1994. Reprinted in Bull. Can. Inst. Min. & Met. 87 (984) 93–96 (1994). Transl. in Spanish, “Las Ruinas de la Refinería de Plata en Antfagasta, Chile,” Minerales (Santiago) 55 (236), 19–24 (2000)
ALGUNOS CONSEJOS PARA LOS RECIÉN GRADUADOS
Spanish translation of French text appeared in Au fil ... more ALGUNOS CONSEJOS PARA LOS RECIÉN GRADUADOS Spanish translation of French text appeared in Au fil des Événements in LE COURRIER (Université Laval) 30 (21), 7–8 (1995) Quelques conseils à nos nouveaux diplômés El consejo del viejo sabio Polonio al joven Hamlet: “No prestes, ni pidas prestado”, puede ya no ser pertinente. He aquí unos consejos que yo creo que son más importantes para los jóvenes graduados.
Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 2009
While pyrometallurgical processes are old technology and were the dominant and logical route used... more While pyrometallurgical processes are old technology and were the dominant and logical route used to treat sulfide concentrates they are now challenged by new hydrometallurgical processes. In these new processes there have been attempts in the past few years to avoid using autoclaves in the treatment of concentrates of zinc, copper, and nickel. The situation has been recently reversed and pressure hydrometallurgy is being applied in many operations. An outline of these processes is given and the future trend is discussed.
Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, 2012
mechanism of leaching of semiconducting minerals such as CuS, ZnS, UO2, etc., has been the subjec... more mechanism of leaching of semiconducting minerals such as CuS, ZnS, UO2, etc., has been the subject of intensive speculation by hydrometallurgy researchers in the early 1950s who assumed the formation of intermediate surface complexes that could be neither separated nor identified by physico-chemical techniques. The electrochemical theory of leaching introduced in the late 1960s resolved this problem by comparing the leaching process to a corrosion phenomenon similar to the corrosion of metals. A historical summary of these proposals is presented.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), although more expensive than sulfuric, find uses as a leaching agent in ... more Hydrochloric acid (HCl), although more expensive than sulfuric, find uses as a leaching agent in reactions involving iron oxide. The reason for this substitution was the discovery that oxyhydrolysis of ferrous chloride by which HCl can be recycled economically. This avoided the pollution of the environment by ferrous sulfate. It was found further that the rate of leaching of sulfides is faster when HCl is used as compared with sulfuric apparently due to the formation of aqueous chlorine. In case of refractory gold ores, HCl leaching under pressure avoids the use of cyanide solution since gold chloride is produced which can be recovered by standard methods. Hydrochloric acid find also uses in the leaching of scheelite and apatite but its use in leaching clay and anorthosite is questionable.
The Hydrometallurgy section of the MetSoc of CIM is inviting delegates to attend the annual secti... more The Hydrometallurgy section of the MetSoc of CIM is inviting delegates to attend the annual section luncheon where Dr. Fathi Habashi of Universite Laval has been invited to speak on Hydrometallurgy in the past decades- a personal view. The section activities and awards will also be presented. Purchased tickets are required.
Higher education was denied for women in most countries mainly by the clergy till the beginning o... more Higher education was denied for women in most countries mainly by the clergy till the beginning of the 20th century. Universities in most European countries were closed to female students. Few research centers accepted women researchers and similarly few university professors accepted women students. In spite of this many women chemists and physicists distinguished themselves in great discoveries and women got Nobel Prizes in physics and chemistry. Now, girl graduates from most colleges are twice the number of boys graduates.
Egypt is one of the most ethnically homogeneous countries although she was invaded by many foreig... more Egypt is one of the most ethnically homogeneous countries although she was invaded by many foreign armies. The country was known as the land of the Copts. The Greeks pronounced it Egyptos, from which the modern name is derived. Egypt is a unique country where two religious transformations took place: from paganism to Christianity and from Christianity to Islam. The official language of the country also changed twice: from Egyptian to Greek and from Greek to Arabic, although the population was speaking Coptic from about the fourth century BC to the thirteenth century AD. In the first century AD all Egypt was Christianized. When the Arabs invaded the country they imposed a tax on the citizens who wanted to keep their religion. As a result, many Copts adopted Islam to evade paying the tax, to such an extent that those who preferred to remain Christian became a minority in number. The Copts were persecuted by the Romans, by the Arabs, and by the Mamelukes. They were considered heretics by the Byzantines. The story is briefly told by the author.
In the 1940s hydromtallurgy benefitted a great deal from Manhattan Project in USA, then in the 19... more In the 1940s hydromtallurgy benefitted a great deal from Manhattan Project in USA, then in the 1950s a new technology was introduced by Sherritt-Gordon Mines in association with the Mines Branch in Ottawa to treat ores with ammonia under pressure and to precipitate metals from solution by hydrogen under pressure. Since then hydrometallurgy has made great progress as evidenced by the number of conferences held to discuss this topic. A personal view of these developments with those involved is given.
In 2008, Prof. Damir Hršak of the University of Zagreb in Croatia published a book in 154 pages i... more In 2008, Prof. Damir Hršak of the University of Zagreb in Croatia published a book in 154 pages in Croatian on hydrometallurgy entitled Hydrometalurgija. The publisher of the book is the Metallurgical Faculty from the city of Sisak, Croatia under University of Zagreb. The publication of the book was sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Education in Croatia. Unfortunately, all of the book is nothing but plagiarism of my Textbook of Hydrometallurgy published in 1999 as shown below. It is interesting that on page 141 of his book, Prof. Hršak quoted my Textbook as well as another of my books Metals from Ores as a recommended literature. According to the information available Mr. Hršak is a public person and a member of the Croatian political party. The University in Zagreb was recently targeted by the media as the hub of plagiarism and it was pointed out that the University did not adopt any effective measures against plagiarism. It seems that Prof. Hršak forgot that plagiarism is punishable under both criminal and civil law.
The court found that Blazy indeed plagiarized Dr. Habashi's book, and specifically that the forme... more The court found that Blazy indeed plagiarized Dr. Habashi's book, and specifically that the former is a servile copy, in translated form, of the latter. The language used by the court is strong, as it states that "a very careful study of the documents introduced into evidence by the parties reveals that Mr. Blazy repeatedly made a simple literal translation from English into French of the work of Dr. Habashi, and that he did not show any originality in the presentation of his own book," that despite numerous references in his work to Dr. Habashi's book, Blazy "shows no intellectual originality in either substance or form," and that Mr. Blazy "violated the law in making systematic and extensive borrowings from Dr. Habashi's work without bringing to the latter any element of originality in the manner in which known scientific information was presented."
In 2008, Prof. Damir Hršak of the University of Zagreb in Croatia published a book in 154 pages i... more In 2008, Prof. Damir Hršak of the University of Zagreb in Croatia published a book in 154 pages in Croatian on hydrometallurgy entitled Hydrometalurgija. The publisher of the book is the Metallurgical Faculty from the city of Sisak, Croatia under University of Zagreb. The publication of the book was sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Education in Croatia. Unfortunately, all of the book is nothing but plagiarism of my Textbook of Hydrometallurgy published in 1999 as shown below. It is interesting that on page 141 of his book, Prof. Hršak quoted my Textbook as well as another of my books Metals from Ores as a recommended literature. According to the information available Mr. Hršak is a public person and a member of the Croatian political party. The University in Zagreb was recently targeted by the media as the hub of plagiarism and it was pointed out that the University did not adopt any effective measures against plagiarism. It seems that Prof. Hršak forgot that plagiarism is punishable under both criminal and civil law.
Rhenium, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186,2 was discovered in Germany in 1925 by the 26-year-o... more Rhenium, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186,2 was discovered in Germany in 1925 by the 26-year-old chemist Ida Noddack, born Tacke (1896-1978). The metal proved to be a refractory metal with a melting point 3180 ºC-the highest melting temperature after Tungsten, which has a melting point of 3380 ºC. Thus rhenium became a very useful metal for preparing high-melting alloys. It is produced mainly from molybdenite concentrates separated from chalcopyrite ores.
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Books by Fathi Habashi
ÇEVİRENİN NOTU
6-9 Haziran 1979 tarihinde Polonya'nın Varşova kentinde yapılan 13. Uluslar arası Cevher Zenginleştirme Kongresinde hidrometalarji dalında da ilginç tebliğler sunulmuştur. Bu tebliğler arasında hidrometalurjide yeni gelişmeler başlığı altmda verilen tebliğ hidrometalurjide büyük isim Fathi Habashi’ nindir. Dünyada hidrometalurjik gelişmeleri içeren bu tebliğ ülkemizde de madencilik sektörünü yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Çinko - Kurşun endüstrisinin teknolojik sorunlarına açıklık getirilmektedir. Ayrıca, dünya bakır endüstrisindeki gelişmeler ülkemizde sıcak ilgi görecektir.
en Alemania en 1925 por la joven química Ida Noddack, de 26
años, nacida en Tacke (1896-1978). El metal demostró ser un
metal refractario con un punto de fusión 3180 ºC –la temperatura
de fusión más alta después de la del tungsteno, que tiene el punto
de fusión en 3380 ºC. Así, el renio se convirtió en un metal muy útil
para preparar las aleaciones de fusión elevada. Se produce
principalmente de los concentrados de la molibdenita separados de
la chalcopirita.
hornos de manipulación de material fundido sino por
hidrometalurgistas en los reactores de manejo de lodos. En la
hidrometalurgia se les conoce como ladrillos resistentes al ácido.
Extraer los metales de los minerales requiere un número de operaciones:
algunas mecánicas, físicas, y fisicoquímicas conocidos como BENEFICIO DE MINERALES y algunas químicas conocidas como METALURGIA EXTRACTIVA. Los procesos químicos se pueden dividir para la onveniencia como piro-, hidro-, y electrometalurgia. La IROMETALURGIA es la tecnología más antigua, mientras que la HIDROMETALURGIA tiene unos cuatro siglos de viejo. Por otra parte la ELECTROMETALURGIA es la más reciente y entró en existencia solamente después de la invención de los generadores eléctricos de gran tamaño a mediados del siglo XIX. Luego, no es ninguna maravilla que, en algunos casos, estas dos nuevas tecnologías estén desplazando a los más viejos en forma gradual, debido a una mejora de la eficiencia y de la economía o porque cumplen con regulaciones ambientales. Aquí algunos ejemplos.
“Metallurgy, History of,” pp. 5537–5541 in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science & Technology, Elsevier 2001. Also in “Milestones in the History of Metallurgy,” Proceedings Fifth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, Kyongiu, Korea, April 2002, edited by Gyu-Kim, Kyung-Woo Yi, and Hyung-Tai Kang, pp. 53–60,.
http://www.nuclear.cetin.net.cn/cnic/bulletin/0004/020.htm.
Spanish translation of French text appeared in Au fil des Événements in
LE COURRIER (Université Laval) 30 (21), 7–8 (1995)
Quelques conseils à nos nouveaux diplômés
El consejo del viejo sabio Polonio al joven Hamlet: “No prestes, ni pidas prestado”, puede ya no ser pertinente. He aquí unos consejos que yo creo que son más importantes para los jóvenes graduados.
ÇEVİRENİN NOTU
6-9 Haziran 1979 tarihinde Polonya'nın Varşova kentinde yapılan 13. Uluslar arası Cevher Zenginleştirme Kongresinde hidrometalarji dalında da ilginç tebliğler sunulmuştur. Bu tebliğler arasında hidrometalurjide yeni gelişmeler başlığı altmda verilen tebliğ hidrometalurjide büyük isim Fathi Habashi’ nindir. Dünyada hidrometalurjik gelişmeleri içeren bu tebliğ ülkemizde de madencilik sektörünü yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Çinko - Kurşun endüstrisinin teknolojik sorunlarına açıklık getirilmektedir. Ayrıca, dünya bakır endüstrisindeki gelişmeler ülkemizde sıcak ilgi görecektir.
en Alemania en 1925 por la joven química Ida Noddack, de 26
años, nacida en Tacke (1896-1978). El metal demostró ser un
metal refractario con un punto de fusión 3180 ºC –la temperatura
de fusión más alta después de la del tungsteno, que tiene el punto
de fusión en 3380 ºC. Así, el renio se convirtió en un metal muy útil
para preparar las aleaciones de fusión elevada. Se produce
principalmente de los concentrados de la molibdenita separados de
la chalcopirita.
hornos de manipulación de material fundido sino por
hidrometalurgistas en los reactores de manejo de lodos. En la
hidrometalurgia se les conoce como ladrillos resistentes al ácido.
Extraer los metales de los minerales requiere un número de operaciones:
algunas mecánicas, físicas, y fisicoquímicas conocidos como BENEFICIO DE MINERALES y algunas químicas conocidas como METALURGIA EXTRACTIVA. Los procesos químicos se pueden dividir para la onveniencia como piro-, hidro-, y electrometalurgia. La IROMETALURGIA es la tecnología más antigua, mientras que la HIDROMETALURGIA tiene unos cuatro siglos de viejo. Por otra parte la ELECTROMETALURGIA es la más reciente y entró en existencia solamente después de la invención de los generadores eléctricos de gran tamaño a mediados del siglo XIX. Luego, no es ninguna maravilla que, en algunos casos, estas dos nuevas tecnologías estén desplazando a los más viejos en forma gradual, debido a una mejora de la eficiencia y de la economía o porque cumplen con regulaciones ambientales. Aquí algunos ejemplos.
“Metallurgy, History of,” pp. 5537–5541 in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science & Technology, Elsevier 2001. Also in “Milestones in the History of Metallurgy,” Proceedings Fifth International Conference on the Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, Kyongiu, Korea, April 2002, edited by Gyu-Kim, Kyung-Woo Yi, and Hyung-Tai Kang, pp. 53–60,.
http://www.nuclear.cetin.net.cn/cnic/bulletin/0004/020.htm.
Spanish translation of French text appeared in Au fil des Événements in
LE COURRIER (Université Laval) 30 (21), 7–8 (1995)
Quelques conseils à nos nouveaux diplômés
El consejo del viejo sabio Polonio al joven Hamlet: “No prestes, ni pidas prestado”, puede ya no ser pertinente. He aquí unos consejos que yo creo que son más importantes para los jóvenes graduados.
According to the information available Mr. Hršak is a public person and a member of the Croatian political party. The University in Zagreb was recently targeted by the media as the hub of plagiarism and it was pointed out that the University did not adopt any effective measures against plagiarism. It seems that Prof. Hršak forgot that plagiarism is punishable under both criminal and civil law.
According to the information available Mr. Hršak is a public person and a member of the Croatian political party. The University in Zagreb was recently targeted by the media as the hub of plagiarism and it was pointed out that the University did not adopt any effective measures against plagiarism. It seems that Prof. Hršak forgot that plagiarism is punishable under both criminal and civil law.
Author: Fathi Habashi, Laval University