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Dele Raheem
University of Lapland, Arctic Centre, Post-Doc
- I hold a doctoral degree in Food Sciences, I am also an Associate Professor in Food Microbiology. My research interes... moreI hold a doctoral degree in Food Sciences, I am also an Associate Professor in Food Microbiology. My research interest is in food bio-processing, preservation and other crosscutting issues related to food security and safety with a special focus on the Arctic. I gained extensive research and industrial experience in the last three decades. Currently, Iam affiliated to the Arctic Centre at the University of Lapland as a Senior Researcher.edit
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Research Interests: Law and Political Science
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Food is a basic human right. Food security promotes the right to food as guaranteed within the framework of human rights and at the end ensures overall human security. The right has been developed significantly over the last number of... more
Food is a basic human right. Food security promotes the right to food as guaranteed within the framework of human rights and at the end ensures overall human security. The right has been developed significantly over the last number of decades, not only to enhance the right to food but also to protect the most fundamental human right—the right to life—as it relates to, for example, the right to health, the right to water and the right to access to a clean environment. Moreover, the scope of its parameters has also been developed and broadened to incorporate collective and group rights, without necessarily exclusively addressing rights applicable to individuals only. However, the ways and means of implementing such human rights, especially the “right to food” and the right to have “adequate food,” will vary from country to country. Each state that has committed itself to realizing the “right to food” must take immediate steps to recognize the right for all as soon as possible to promote better performance in ensuring food security. The human rights norm mentioned in this chapter closely aligns with health security, economic security, cultural security and many other forms of security that eventually lead to furthering the promotion of overarching human security in connection to food security and in the context of Barents region.
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Numerous generations have been affected by hunger, which still affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The hunger crisis is worsening although many efforts have been made to minimize it. Besides that, food waste is one of the... more
Numerous generations have been affected by hunger, which still affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The hunger crisis is worsening although many efforts have been made to minimize it. Besides that, food waste is one of the critical problems faced by most countries worldwide. It has disrupted the food chain system due to inefficient waste management, while negatively impacting the environment. The majority of the waste is from the food production process, resulting in a net zero production for food manufacturers while also harnessing its potential. Most food production wastes are high in nutritional and functional values, yet most of them end up as low-cost animal feed and plant fertilizers. This review identified key emerging wastes from the production line of mushroom, peanut, and soybean (MPS). These wastes (MPS) provide a new source for food conversion due to their high nutritional content, which contributes to a circular economy in the post-pandemic era and ensures ...
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Recently, customers have been keener to buy products manufactured using all-natural ingredients with positive health properties, but without losing flavor. In this regard, the objective of the current study is to review the consumption of... more
Recently, customers have been keener to buy products manufactured using all-natural ingredients with positive health properties, but without losing flavor. In this regard, the objective of the current study is to review the consumption of brazzein and monellin, their nutritional profiles and health effects, and their potential applications in the food industry. This poses challenges with sustainability and important quality and safety indicators, as well as the chemical processes used to determine them. To better understand the utilization of brazzein and monellin, the chemical analysis of these two natural sweet proteins was also reviewed by placing particular emphasis on their extraction methods, purification and structural characterization. Protein engineering is considered a means to improve the thermal stability of brazzein and monellin to enhance their application in food processing, especially where high temperatures are applied. When the quality and safety of these sweet pro...
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Consumers often wish to substitute refined sugar with alternative sweeteners, such as coconut sugar, given growing interest in healthy eating and the public’s negative perception of excess sugar intake. Coconut sugar is a healthier,... more
Consumers often wish to substitute refined sugar with alternative sweeteners, such as coconut sugar, given growing interest in healthy eating and the public’s negative perception of excess sugar intake. Coconut sugar is a healthier, sweetener option than the majority of other sugars that are commercially available. Sap is collected from trees to be transported, stored, and evaporated during processing, which are labor- and resource-intensive operations. Consequently, the cost of production is higher than it is for cane sugar. Given its high nutritional value and low glycemic index, people are willing to pay higher prices for it. However, one barrier is ignorance of its health benefits. This review examines and deals in-depth with the most significant features of coconut sugar chemical analyses to focus on several analytical methodologies given the increasing demand for naturally derived sweeteners in the last 10 years. A deeper understanding of the quality control, safety, health ef...
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Studies toward a sustainable future conducted by international organizations uniformly agree about having to change some of our present consumer behaviors. Regarding food, suggestions include eating locally farmed, less industrialized and... more
Studies toward a sustainable future conducted by international organizations uniformly agree about having to change some of our present consumer behaviors. Regarding food, suggestions include eating locally farmed, less industrialized and renewable food to promote health and circularity, and limiting waste. Jellyfish are frequently sorted and discarded after being caught with fish in fishing nets and gear. In contrast, we propose utilizing this by-catch as food. This review discusses the economic value and sustainability of jellyfish, the technologies used to prepare them for human consumption, their nutritional profile and health impacts and, finally, consumer acceptability and sensory evaluation of jellyfish food products. This discussion is critical for promoting jellyfish as an important aquatic resource to support blue and circular economies.
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The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, two major agricultural powers, has numerous severe socio-economic consequences that are presently being felt worldwide and that are undermining the functioning of the global food system.... more
The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, two major agricultural powers, has numerous severe socio-economic consequences that are presently being felt worldwide and that are undermining the functioning of the global food system. The war has also had a profound impact on the European food system. Accordingly, this paper examines the implications of the ongoing conflict on food security pillars (viz. availability, access, use, stability) in European countries and considers potential strategies for addressing and mitigating these effects. The paper highlights that the food supply in Europe does not seem to be jeopardized since most European countries are generally self-sufficient in many products. Nonetheless, the conflict might impact food access and production costs. Indeed, the European agricultural industry is a net importer of several commodities, such as inputs and animal feed. This vulnerability, combined with the high costs of inputs such as fertilizers and energy, creat...
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Since ancient times, sturgeon species have been valued for their rich nutritional qualities, which are crucial for human health today. They are linked with gastronomic delicacy and offer economic benefits, especially for the caviar... more
Since ancient times, sturgeon species have been valued for their rich nutritional qualities, which are crucial for human health today. They are linked with gastronomic delicacy and offer economic benefits, especially for the caviar industry. Today aquaculture produces more farmed and hybrid species due to rapidly declining wild sturgeon populations. Sturgeon diversification through processing can yield fingerlings, stocking material, meat or caviar. Because of its variety, sturgeon flesh includes highly digestible proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals. Consuming sturgeon provides essential fatty acids that play important oxidative and anti-inflammatory roles in human cells. The purpose of this study is to examine the sustainability and economic value of eating sturgeon worldwide, the technology applied in food processing, and the challenges that food quality and authenticity, nutritional content and health effects pose. The issue of counterfeiting high-quality sturgeon products by...
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Maple syrup is a delicacy prepared by boiling the sap taken from numerous Acer species, primarily sugar maple trees. Compared to other natural sweeteners, maple syrup is believed to be preferable to refined sugar for its high... more
Maple syrup is a delicacy prepared by boiling the sap taken from numerous Acer species, primarily sugar maple trees. Compared to other natural sweeteners, maple syrup is believed to be preferable to refined sugar for its high concentration of phenolic compounds and mineral content. The presence of organic acids (malic acid), amino acids and relevant amounts of minerals, such as potassium, calcium, zinc and manganese, make maple syrup unique. Given the growing demand for naturally derived sweeteners over the past decade, this review paper deals with and discusses in detail the most important aspects of chemical maple syrup analyses, with a particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of the different analytical approaches. A successful utilization on the application of maple syrup in the food industry, will rely on a better understanding of its safety, quality control, nutritional profile, and health impacts, including its sustainability issues.
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Excessive sodium (salt) intake in our diet is a main contributor to hypertension and a major risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses. As a result, research has made great efforts to develop salt alternatives, and Salicornia spp. offers a... more
Excessive sodium (salt) intake in our diet is a main contributor to hypertension and a major risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses. As a result, research has made great efforts to develop salt alternatives, and Salicornia spp. offers a very high potential in the food industry for its promising functional characteristics. This review focuses on the nutritional profile, health effects and commercial potential of three specific species of the Salicornia genus: S. bigelovii, S. brachiata and S. herbacea. It also addresses the methods that are used to produce them as salt substitutes. Owing to the antinutritional and anti-inflammatory effects of its bioactive compounds, Salicornia spp. can serve as an organic biological preservative in foods with better consumer appeal when compared with chemical preservatives that are common in the food industry. Overall, the commercial use of these underutilized species will help to improve food security.
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Agave syrup (AS), a food product made from agave plant sap, is a vegan sweetener that has become popular for replacing conventional sweeteners such as sucrose. As the demand for naturally derived sweeteners has grown in the last decade,... more
Agave syrup (AS), a food product made from agave plant sap, is a vegan sweetener that has become popular for replacing conventional sweeteners such as sucrose. As the demand for naturally derived sweeteners has grown in the last decade, this review paper addresses and discusses, in detail, the most relevant aspects of the chemical AS analysis, applications in the food industry, sustainability issues, safety and quality control and, finally, nutritional profile and health impacts. According to our main research outcome, we can assume that the mid-infrared-principal components analysis, high-performance anion exchange chromatography equipped with a pulsed amperometric detector, and thin-layer chromatography can be used to identify and distinguish syrups from natural sources. The main agave–derived products are juice, leaves, bagasse, and fiber. In sustainability terms, it can be stated that certified organic and free trade agave products are the most sustainable options available on t...
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Environmental and anthropogenic factors represent challenges impacting the lifestyle and demographic rural population’s behaviour in the Russian Arctic that threaten its social and food security. We aim to explore (1) which key “push”... more
Environmental and anthropogenic factors represent challenges impacting the lifestyle and demographic rural population’s behaviour in the Russian Arctic that threaten its social and food security. We aim to explore (1) which key “push” factors are jeopardising social sustainability and increasing migration outflows in the Arctic rural communities of Western Siberia (2) and how the Siberian population’s sustainable development could be secured. The methodology and analysis were based on Lee’s theory of migration factors with the main focus on the “push” factors forcing people to migrate to other Arctic and non-Arctic territories. The primary sources included fieldwork data and interviews collected during expeditions to the Arctic zone of Western Siberia between 2000 and 2021. Both men and women confirmed the insignificant impact of environmental factors on their emigration plans. However, they signified social and personal motives related to low standards of living that threatened the...
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This chapter briefly discusses the traditional livelihood in relation to food practices, such as reindeer herding, fishing and other such practices in the Arctic-Barents region. The chapter, based on future scenario-building workshops... more
This chapter briefly discusses the traditional livelihood in relation to food practices, such as reindeer herding, fishing and other such practices in the Arctic-Barents region. The chapter, based on future scenario-building workshops held in various communities across the region, brings a perspective on how these communities relate to food security. The workshops revealed that food security is linked to other issues such as climate change, human activities, globalization and the high prices of foods in groceries. These related issues were reported to have climatic, social and environmental impacts in the region. The important role of food in connecting families, groups and communities across the region as a means of strengthening food sovereignty is also highlighted. The chapter also addresses the similarities and differences between traditional foods among the indigenous groups (Saami, Komi, Nenets, Veps and Pomors) and non-indigenous peoples in the Barents region. Furthermore, the chapter discusses how food is linked to tradition and culture, which can help to boost the economic security of these communities, for example, by promoting food culture as part of tourism in the region.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA statements aimed to summarise the data on the chemical composition of reindeer meat depending on the region of the Rangifer tarandus. We searched SCOPUS, PubMed, Embase, CrossRef,... more
This systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA statements aimed to summarise the data on the chemical composition of reindeer meat depending on the region of the Rangifer tarandus. We searched SCOPUS, PubMed, Embase, CrossRef, Medline, Cochrane library, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka. A total of 3310 records published between January 1980 and December 2021 were screened. We identified 34 relevant studies conducted in Russia, Norway, the USA, Canada, and Finland for the synthesis. Overall, the consumption of reindeer meat reduces arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis due to many polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic) and vitamin C, which balances lipid fractions. Venison is an effective means of preventing obesity and adapting to cold due to the content of a complete set of essential trace elements, amino acids, and even L-carnitine. The high content of vitamin C and microelements (iron, zinc, copper) in reindeer meat is likely to increase the body’s...
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Food- and waterborne viruses, such as human norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses, are major contributors to all foodborne illnesses. Their small size, structure, and... more
Food- and waterborne viruses, such as human norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses, are major contributors to all foodborne illnesses. Their small size, structure, and ability to clump and attach to inanimate surfaces make viruses challenging to reduce or eliminate, especially in the presence of inorganic or organic soils. Besides traditional wet and dry methods of disinfection using chemicals and heat, emerging physical nonthermal decontamination techniques (irradiation, ultraviolet, pulsed light, high hydrostatic pressure, cold atmospheric plasma, and pulsed electric field), novel virucidal surfaces, and bioactive compounds are examined for their potential to inactivate viruses on the surfaces of foods or food contact surfaces (tools, equipment, hands, etc.). Every disinfection technique is discussed based on its efficiency against viruses, specific advantages and disadvantages, and limitations. Structure, genomic organization, and molecular biology of different virus strains are reviewed, as they are key in determining these techniques effectiveness in controlling all or specific foodborne viruses. Selecting suitable viral decontamination techniques requires that their antiviral mechanism of action and ability to reduce virus infectivity must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, details about critical treatments parameters essential to control foodborne viruses in a food production environment are discussed, as they are also determinative in defining best disinfection and hygiene practices preventing viral infection after consuming a food product.
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The fermentation of foods is an ancient practise that has helped to transform foods and helped to diversify diet in many cultures across the world. Many African and Asian countries rely on several indigenous fermented foods as part of... more
The fermentation of foods is an ancient practise that has helped to transform foods and helped to diversify diet in many cultures across the world. Many African and Asian countries rely on several indigenous fermented foods as part of their diet where cold storage preservation is a challenge. Apart from the improved shelf life of fermented foods, they also have good health benefits in the gut when consumed. There is a resurge in the contribution of fermented foods to human health and it will continue to be an important research topic in the nearest future.
Research Interests: Food Science and Medicine
Food systems are at the center of global environmental, social, and economic challenges such as resource scarcity, ecosystem degradation, and climate change [...].
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The issue of food security is complex, as it encompasses not only the supply of food but also other interrelated issues, including politics, economics and social aspects. In addition, the processing of foods from farm to plate should... more
The issue of food security is complex, as it encompasses not only the supply of food but also other interrelated issues, including politics, economics and social aspects. In addition, the processing of foods from farm to plate should reach consumers in a safe and unadulterated form. Food security is a broad concept that incorporates a wide range of factors that creates the baseline for the concept. Within this range of factors, we identified a number of challenges and threats to food security. We also integrated the concept of food sovereignty, not only to focus the concerns on the availability of food but also to encompass a number of other crucial matters that are directly related to the way food is produced as well as by whom and where it is produced. While slightly different in the sense that food sovereignty looks at issues such as from where food comes, or the conditions under which it is produced and distributed, we place these issues under the broader framework of food secur...
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Food security in the Arctic-Barents region does not have its own unique governance approach. Rather, the existing governance framework—a number of international and regional regulations in several sectors—that applies to the Arctic and... more
Food security in the Arctic-Barents region does not have its own unique governance approach. Rather, the existing governance framework—a number of international and regional regulations in several sectors—that applies to the Arctic and its Barents region also addresses food security and safety, either directly or indirectly. In addition, given that the region is heavily institutionalized because of the presence of a number of bodies—both inter-governmental and inter-regional—the issues in relation to food security are also addressed in policy documents as well as in the resolutions adopted within the auspices of these institutions. Moreover, the international human rights framework also addresses food security in guaranteeing several of the fundamental human rights, such as the right to life and the right to health. For certain traditional communities, such as indigenous peoples, food forms a culture to be enjoyed in community with other members of the group, providing rights applic...
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The repercussions of climate change will have drastic effects on the four pillars of food security which are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization as availability, accessibility, utilization and food systems stability (FAO,... more
The repercussions of climate change will have drastic effects on the four pillars of food security which are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization as availability, accessibility, utilization and food systems stability (FAO, 2016). Even though our globalized economy is highly sophisticated, it provides consumers with availability and accessibility to food but it does not guarantee food security for all. It is expected that food sovereignty which empowers the local community to utilise their local resources will better ensure food security.
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The unique arctic circumstances, light summers and pureness of the air add a great value to the food produced in Lapland. There is a strong pressure to support and develop food business in Lapland at many levels. In order to realize this,... more
The unique arctic circumstances, light summers and pureness of the air add a great value to the food produced in Lapland. There is a strong pressure to support and develop food business in Lapland at many levels. In order to realize this, one goal will be to improve self-sufficiency towards food sovereignty in the Lapland area. This task will not be possible without developing the whole food chain.
Microbial pollution of foods by undesirable microorganisms is a global food safety issue. One of such undesirable microorganism is the psychrotrophic, pathogenic specie of Listeria—Listeria monocytogenes that survives at low temperature.... more
Microbial pollution of foods by undesirable microorganisms is a global food safety issue. One of such undesirable microorganism is the psychrotrophic, pathogenic specie of Listeria—Listeria monocytogenes that survives at low temperature. The source of contamination of this microbe into foods can be many including the food processing facilities due to improper sanitation procedures. The review of the literature on this important topic shows there are increasing concerns as regards contamination from Listeria in foods leading to many cases of listeriosis disease and food recalls. Ready-to-eat products, such as delicatessen (deli) meats and soft cheeses have repeatedly been identified by foodborne disease control programs as sources of outbreaks and products that put humans at risk for listeriosis. Although, most listeriosis cases tend to be sporadic in occurrence, outbreaks do occur frequently. Due to the global phenomenon of outbreaks associated with Listeria in deli meats and cheese, it requires an urgent attention from national and international authorities through rigorous procedures for its identification, surveillance procedures that can bring more awareness to the general public. There is also a need for more reports on the cases of Listeria particularly in developing countries, the standardization of identification procedures, and an improvement on national control programs by adequate surveillance.
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Food security is a major concern in developing countries and requires urgent attention and collaborative effort from all stakeholders. As the human population continues to increase, the demand for food becomes far greater than the supply... more
Food security is a major concern in developing countries and requires urgent attention and collaborative effort from all stakeholders. As the human population continues to increase, the demand for food becomes far greater than the supply can meet. There is a need to cultivate more indigenous food crops and to diversify into new products by using processing and preservation techniques to ensure that more people have access to good quality, nutritious foods. It is therefore essential that agro-allied industries in African countries receive encouragement to improve the application of technology for processing raw food crops, increasing their shelf life, improving nutritional values and packaging, and maintaining high quality standards. This paper emphasizes the potential benefits for three staple African foods – maize, cassava and sorghum. The application of science to transform the properties of these foods and relevant technologies, such as extrusion cooking, can add value to their u...
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A joint collaboration between the Cuarto region of Argentina championed by the National University of Rio Cuarto and the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland, Finland organised a conference on several topics that are related to food... more
A joint collaboration between the Cuarto region of Argentina championed by the National University of Rio Cuarto and the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland, Finland organised a conference on several topics that are related to food sovereignty, sustainability, circular economy and bioeconomy. The efficient utilisation of natural resources in both regions is an important theme in meeting the sustainable development goals agenda. Hence, this partnership between the partner institutions will lead to the cocreation of knowledge. The topics were multidisciplinary, and the discussion focussed on research and teaching opportunities for institutions in both countries. The experts from both countries will continue to engage on the possibility of promoting the research agenda in these important areas.
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Climate change represents a global challenge that impacts the environment, traditional lifestyle and health of the Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia and threatens their food security. Reindeer are an important food... more
Climate change represents a global challenge that impacts the environment, traditional lifestyle and health of the Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia and threatens their food security. Reindeer are an important food source for this population since reindeer herding products are used as traditional nutrition and effective preventive means and remedies for adapting to the cold and geomagnetic activity in the High North. Longer off-season periods, high summer and winter temperatures, melting ice, and forest and tundra fires have a significant impact on the trampling and degradation of reindeer pastures. These effects may lead to massive reindeer losses and changes in the traditional diet of the Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic, which result in increases in the prevalence of respiratory diseases, overweight and hypertension. This study applied a multidisciplinary approach based on ecological and medical research methods with the inclusion of socioeconomic analysis....
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The proteolytic enzymes from Calotropis procera (Sodom apple leaves) were extracted by aqueous infusion and characterised for its thermal and pH stabilities. The rennet strength of this extract was found to be 7% compared with animal... more
The proteolytic enzymes from Calotropis procera (Sodom apple leaves) were extracted by aqueous infusion and characterised for its thermal and pH stabilities. The rennet strength of this extract was found to be 7% compared with animal rennet at 35 °C, and increasing the incubation temperature to 70 °C increased the rennet strength 28-fold. The molecular weight of the partially purified protease determined by SDS-PAGE combined with zymography was found to be approximately 60 kDa. The high proteolytic activity at 70 °C supported the suitability of the protease enzyme as a coagulant in future commercial production of Nigerian Wara cheese.
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To measure its food security, it is important to explore what types of foods are available in the Arctic-Barents region and what is being produced in the region. The information on available food products identifies possible areas of... more
To measure its food security, it is important to explore what types of foods are available in the Arctic-Barents region and what is being produced in the region. The information on available food products identifies possible areas of novel developments that can stimulate the economic growth of the region. It is hoped that best practices can be shared through cross-border collaborations, especially by stimulating the small and medium enterprises that engage in the traditional food business. It is equally important that the available foods in the region are well managed to ensure security; the key factor is to add value to these foods in such a way that it makes a difference to the living standard of the population in the region. Given that there are other factors that will influence food security and its governance in the Barents region, accurate statistical data on the common foods that are grown, harvested or fished are beneficial. The production figures for cereal grains and potat...
Food texture is a major food quality parameter. The physicochemical properties of food changes when processed in households or industries, resulting in modified textures. A better understanding of these properties is important for the... more
Food texture is a major food quality parameter. The physicochemical properties of food changes when processed in households or industries, resulting in modified textures. A better understanding of these properties is important for the sensory and textural characteristics of foods that target consumers of all ages, from children to the elderly, especially when food product development is considered for dysphagia. Texture modifications in foods suitable for dysphagic patients will grow as the numbers of elderly citizens increase. Dysphagia management should ensure that texture-modified (TM) food is nutritious and easy to swallow. This review addresses how texture and rheology can be assessed in the food industry by placing particular emphasis on dysphagia. It also discusses how the structure of TM food depends not only on food ingredients, such as hydrocolloids, emulsifiers, and thickening and gelling agents, but also on the applied processing methods, including microencapsulation, mi...
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Africa is a net importer of food, especially cereal grains, despite the importance of agriculture in the continent. The agricultural growth in Africa has been undermined by low investment in agriculture, poor infrastructure, high... more
Africa is a net importer of food, especially cereal grains, despite the importance of agriculture in the continent. The agricultural growth in Africa has been undermined by low investment in agriculture, poor infrastructure, high population growth rate, and low adoption of technologies. The agri-food value chain in many African countries will benefit from the adoption of appropriate technologies that are available in the digital landscape to leverage the agricultural sector, make it more attractive to the teeming youth population, and to reverse rural-urban migration. Attention to indigenous cereal grains and other crops that are grown locally and processed into different local foods would ensure food security. However, the availability of these crops in the market is often reduced due to damage before harvest by pests and predators leading to economic losses for farmers. In this article, we review the literature from a multidisciplinary perspective on the relevance of African indig...
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The dietary guidelines as well as the organizations that establish the recommendations are not homogeneous across regions of the world. Each country utilizes specific icons to better describe to the public easy ways to follow specific... more
The dietary guidelines as well as the organizations that establish the recommendations are not homogeneous across regions of the world. Each country utilizes specific icons to better describe to the public easy ways to follow specific recommendations, including the use of pyramids, plates, and other forms of presenting key information. All dietary guidelines are updated within certain periods to ensure that new findings or specific changes are communicated to the public. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the most updated information as well as some history on how these symbols are utilized in different countries or areas of the world. The updated Mediterranean pyramid as well as MyPlate and the Pyramids utilized in South Africa, Japan, and Argentina are discussed in this commentary.