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LuisJoaquin Garcia-Lopez, Ph.D.
    Background Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in adolescence. There is a need for brief screening tools to identify adolescents at risk for anxiety disorders. The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 has been recently... more
    Background Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in adolescence. There is a need for brief screening tools to identify adolescents at risk for anxiety disorders. The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 has been recently developed to assess youths' anxiety symptoms in terms of the current classification system. The goal of this study is to provide a first test of its psychometric properties in a community sample of adolescents in Spain. Methods The sample consisted of 505 13-to 17-year-old adolescents who completed Part I of the YAM-5 (YAM-5-I), which measures symptoms of the major anxiety disorders. Results Data indicated that the YAM-5-I displays appropriate internal consistency reliability. In addition, support was also found for the construct validity of the measure: most items loaded on a factor that represented the hypothesized anxiety syndromes, although it should also be noted that some items exhibited issues and therefore had to be discarded. Limitations Cross-cultural and trans-national studies are needed to determine psychometric properties of scale across languages and cultures. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the YAM-5-I has satisfactory psychometric properties, which indicates that it can be used as a screening tool in Spanish-speaking adolescents from the general population.
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    Social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents is considerably underdetected and undertreated despite the availability of efficacious treatments. Our main study objective was to examine brief, valid, and reliable screening measures for... more
    Social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents is considerably underdetected and undertreated despite the availability of efficacious treatments. Our main study objective was to examine brief, valid, and reliable screening measures for adolescent social anxiety, and to then conduct diagnostic interviews to evaluate the measures' ability to identify adolescents with SAD. We examined 7 brief and valid social anxiety measures and compared their diagnostic accuracy with diagnoses established by a semistructured interview. The sample included 421 Spanish adolescents with and 613 without a clinical diagnosis of SAD. Data revealed that short social anxiety measures are accurate in detecting Spanish-speaking socially anxious adolescents. All questionnaires showed good or excellent discriminating ability, with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief (SPAI-B) having the best sensitivity and specificity values, respectively. Excellent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were found for most measures, except for the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory, which had good discriminatory ability. There was little statistical difference in the ability of the brief social anxiety measures to identify cases accurately, although the SPAI-B cutoff score yielded the best balance between sensitivity and specificity and the highest Youden Index. Overall, results suggest that brief measures for social anxiety symptoms can be effective in detecting SAD in Spanish-speaking adolescents. Depending on the purpose of the study, SAS-A may be especially useful for reducing false negatives and the SPAI-B for false positives.
    Contemporary theories of social anxiety emphasize the role of cognitive processes. Although social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental health problems in adolescents, there are very few self-report instruments available to... more
    Contemporary theories of social anxiety emphasize the role of cognitive processes. Although social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental health problems in adolescents, there are very few self-report instruments available to measure cognitive processes related to social anxiety in adolescents, let alone non-English instruments. The Self-Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SSPS; Hofmann & DiBartolo, 2000) is a brief self-report measure designed to assess self-statements related to public speaking, the most commonly feared social performance situation. In order to fill this gap in the literature, we translated the SSPS into Spanish and administered it to 1,694 adolescents from a community sample, a clinical sample composed of 71 subjects with a principal diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, and a clinical control group consisting of 154 patients. The scale showed good psychometric properties, supporting the use of the Spanish version of the SSPS in adolescents.
    Social anxiety disorder is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, with elevated comorbidity rates with other mental health disorders and may cause severe negative consequences. In adolescence, there is a lack of research on how comorbid... more
    Social anxiety disorder is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, with elevated comorbidity rates with other mental health disorders and may cause severe negative consequences. In adolescence, there is a lack of research on how comorbid disorders to social anxiety tends to form particular associations. With a large sample of adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, data have revealed that certain disorders are more frequent and tend to dwell on concrete aggregates. Thus, it may be particularly useful and efficient for mental health providers, pediatricians and school counselors to screen for generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobia when assessing SAD in youth. Overall, findings stress the presence of comorbidity being the rule rather than the exception in adolescents with social anxiety disorder, and the need for further examination of its impact on assessment and differential diagnosis on this psychiatric disorder.
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    It has recently been suggested that social anxiety disorder (SAD) entails a deficit in downregulating unwanted (even non-threatening) memories. In the present study we test this hypothesis by comparing a sample of young adults diagnosed... more
    It has recently been suggested that social anxiety disorder (SAD) entails a deficit in downregulating unwanted (even non-threatening) memories. In the present study we test this hypothesis by comparing a sample of young adults diagnosed with SAD and healthy controls in their ability to resist proactive interference in a working memory task. Where participants performed similarly in the control condition of the memory task, participants with SAD were more susceptible to interference in the experimental condition than the healthy controls. This finding is in line with previous studies that show anxiety to be associated with impoverished executive control and, specifically, suggests that SAD entails a reduced ability to get rid of interfering memories. Clinical implications are discussed.
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    Cited By (since 1996): 4, Export Date: 23 July 2012, Source: Scopus, CODEN: PCONF, Language of Original Document: Spanish, Correspondence Address: Olivares, J.; Dpto. de Personalidad, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de... more
    Cited By (since 1996): 4, Export Date: 23 July 2012, Source: Scopus, CODEN: PCONF, Language of Original Document: Spanish, Correspondence Address: Olivares, J.; Dpto. de Personalidad, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Apdo. 4021, 30080 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; email: jorelx@um.es, References: Albano, A.M., Detweiler, M.E., Logsdon-Conradsen, S., Cognitive-behavioral interventions with socially phobic children (1999) Handbook of Psychotherapies with Children and Families, pp. 255-280. , S. W. Russ T. H. Ollendick dirs. New York: Plenum;
    This article reviews the advances in epidemiology regarding social phobia. For this purpose, we will provide a summary of the data about the prevalence of social phobia according to DSM criteria (DSM-III, 1980; DSM-III-R, 1987; DSM- IV,... more
    This article reviews the advances in epidemiology regarding social phobia. For this purpose, we will provide a summary of the data about the prevalence of social phobia according to DSM criteria (DSM-III, 1980; DSM-III-R, 1987; DSM- IV, 1994). Sociodemographic factors such as age of onset, gender distribution, marital, education and socioeconomic status will also be considered. Given social phobia is frequently associated with comorbid disorders, data will be presented on the comorbidity rates of social phobia and other anxiety disorders, mood disorders, alcohol/substance abuse as well as eating disorders. Finally, suggestions for future research on epidemiologic studies of social phobia will also be made.
    Cited By (since 1996): 3, Export Date: 23 July 2012, Source: Scopus, CODEN: PCONF, Language of Original Document: Spanish, Correspondence Address: García-López, L.-J.; Universidad de Granada, Dpto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y... more
    Cited By (since 1996): 3, Export Date: 23 July 2012, Source: Scopus, CODEN: PCONF, Language of Original Document: Spanish, Correspondence Address: García-López, L.-J.; Universidad de Granada, Dpto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, 18071 Granada, Spain; email: ljgarlo@cop.es, References: (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Cuarta Edición), , Washington, DC: Author;
    The purpose of this paper is to examine the typology and profiles of abuse among equals both in person and on the Internet. Reference is made to the most relevant research, the most usual evaluation instruments, and proposals for the... more
    The purpose of this paper is to examine the typology and profiles of abuse among equals both in person and on the Internet. Reference is made to the most relevant research, the most usual evaluation instruments, and proposals for the intervention and preventative action needed in each sector of the educational community. In addition, the challenges education professionals face in their work to fight against school harassment and bullying are noted, with particular attention to projects designed to counteract the problem and respond to these challenges. The special circumstances of the demands of cyber-bullying are analyzed and Moral Education is proposed as a way to achieve healthier educational spaces in the future that are free from harassment.
    Biblioteca de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Base de datos de artículos de revistas, ...
    Presentamos los resultados de un metaanálisis sobre la eficacia del tratamiento psicológico en los problemas de timidez y fobia social en niños y adolescentes. Se incluyen 15 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, dando... more
    Presentamos los resultados de un metaanálisis sobre la eficacia del tratamiento psicológico en los problemas de timidez y fobia social en niños y adolescentes. Se incluyen 15 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección, dando lugar a 24 estudios independientes. Los tamaños del efecto medio general, en el postest (d+ = 0,59) y en el seguimiento (d+ = 0,64), reflejaron la eficacia de las intervenciones para disminuir o eliminar la timidez o la fobia social, así como las respuestas de ansiedad, la desadaptación, la mejora de la autoestima y las habilidades sociales. Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes componentes de tratamiento, destacando la combinación de exposición, habilidades sociales y técnicas cognitivas. Otras variables relevantes han sido la duración, frecuencia e intensidad del tratamiento, la edad y género de los participantes y la mortalidad y calidad experimental. Finalmente, discutimos los resultados y se proponen ciertas indicaciones p...
    Although social phobia is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents, there are few reliable and valid assessment instruments for this age group. This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of a brief... more
    Although social phobia is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents, there are few reliable and valid assessment instruments for this age group. This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of a brief version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989) in a sample of adolescents. Although the original
    Objectives. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescence. Many validated psychometric tools are available to diagnose individuals with SAD efficaciously. However, there is a demand for shortened... more
    Objectives. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescence. Many validated psychometric tools are available to diagnose individuals with SAD efficaciously. However, there is a demand for shortened self-report instruments that identify adolescents at risk of developing SAD. We validate the Mini-SPIN and its diagnostic efficiency in overcoming this problem in Spanish-speaking adolescents in Spain. Methods. The psychometric properties of the 3-item Mini-SPIN scale for adolescents were assessed in a community (study 1) and clinical sample (study 2). Results. Study 1 consisted of 573 adolescents, and found the Mini-SPIN to have appropriate internal consistency and high construct validity. Study 2 consisted of 354 adolescents (147 participants diagnosed with SAD and 207 healthy controls). Data revealed that the Mini-SPIN has good internal consistency, high construct validity and adequate diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the Mini-SPIN has good psychometric properties on clinical and healthy control adolescents and general population, which indicates that it can be used as a screening tool in Spanish-speaking adolescents. Cut-off scores are provided.
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    No cut-off scores for the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief (SPAI-B) are available to screen for young adults with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD). In addition, there is a current heated debate on the utility of the... more
    No cut-off scores for the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief (SPAI-B) are available to screen for young adults with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD). In addition, there is a current heated debate on the utility of the performance-only specifier in DSM-5. The present study is aimed at covering these gaps. Participants included 124 young adults in higher education with a clinical diagnosis of SAD and 81 healthy controls. The SPAI-B scores revealed a continuum of severity among the non-clinical population, performance-only specifier participants, and those with both performance and social interactional fears. Data demonstrated the SPAI-B is particularly useful as a screening measure among young adults in higher education, but the limited discriminative capacity of the performance-only specifier may call into question the clinical utility of this recently established specifier.
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    Objective: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents is considerably under-detected and undertreated despite the availability of efficacious treatments. Our main study objective was to examine brief, valid, and reliable screening... more
    Objective:
    Social anxiety disorder (SAD) in adolescents is considerably under-detected and undertreated despite the availability of efficacious treatments. Our main study objective was to examine brief, valid, and reliable screening measures for adolescent social anxiety, and to then to conduct diagnostic interviews to evaluate the measures’ ability to identify adolescents with SAD.
    Methods:
    We examined seven brief and valid social anxiety measures and compared their diagnostic accuracy with diagnoses established by a semi-structured interview. The sample included 421 Spanish adolescents with and 613 without a clinical diagnosis of SAD.
    Results:
    Data revealed that short social anxiety measures are accurate in detecting Spanish-speaking socially anxious adolescents in Spain. All questionnaires showed good or excellent discriminating ability, with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Brief (SPAI-B) having the best sensitivity and specificity values, respectively. Excellent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were found for most measures, except for the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA) and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (MINI-SPIN), which had good discriminatory ability. There was little statistical difference in the ability of the brief social anxiety measures to identify cases accurately, although the SPAI-B cut-off score yielded the best balance between sensitivity and specificity and the highest Youden Index.
    Conclusions:
    Overall, results suggest that brief measures for social anxiety symptoms can be effective in detecting SAD in Spanish-speaking adolescents. Depending on the purpose of the study, SAS-A may be especially useful for reducing false negatives and the SPAI-B for false positives.
    This volume brings together research into diverse aspects of social anxiety and its clinical form, social phobia, in adolescents. Development of the condition, clinical manifestations and treatment strategies are all addressed, with... more
    This volume brings together research into diverse aspects of social anxiety and its clinical form, social phobia, in adolescents. Development of the condition, clinical manifestations and treatment strategies are all addressed, with emphasis on ways in which adolescent development and context are reflected in the manifestation and treatment of symptoms. The book is divided into three parts that review epidemiological, neurobiological and sociopsychological research on vulnerability factors, examine the phenomenology and assessment of social anxiety and phobia in different developmental contexts and discuss evidence-based prevention and treatment options for adolescent social anxiety and phobia. Social Anxiety and Phobia in Adolescents will be informative and interesting for all child and adolescent psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and psychotherapists as well as for school psychologists and counsellors.
    This article describes the psychometric properties of the Social Phobia andAnxiety Inventory-Brief form (SPAI-B) in college young adults and examines thefeasibility of the Internet administration. Study 1 included 310 college students.The... more
    This article describes the psychometric properties of the Social Phobia andAnxiety Inventory-Brief form (SPAI-B) in college young adults and examines thefeasibility of the Internet administration. Study 1 included 310 college students.The SPAI-B, the Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE), andthe Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were administered. Results supported the original unidimensional structure of the SPAI-B, its internal consis-tency (0.89-0.94), and the concurrent validity, paired with BFNE (0.60) and nega-tive affect (0.47). Women had significantly higher scores than men in the SPAI-B.For study 2, 76 college students completed the SPAI-B and the Trait Meta-MoodScale-24 Scale via Internet administration. Results indicated that the online admi-nistration was equivalent to traditional paper-and-pencil measure, showing similarfactor structure, internal consistency (0.92) and mean scores. Taken together, thefindings of studies 1 and 2 provide initial support for the reliability and validity ofthe SPAI-B for the assessment of social anxiety in college young adults.
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    Highlights • Benefit of parental involvement in therapy when parents exhibit high expressed emotion (EE). • Addition of parent training improves child's symptom reduction and diagnosis remission. • At follow-up, adolescents’... more
    Highlights

    •  Benefit of parental involvement in therapy when parents exhibit high expressed emotion (EE).
    •  Addition of parent training improves child's symptom reduction and diagnosis remission.
    •  At follow-up, adolescents’ treatment outcomes were maintained.
    • Parents’ EE status changed from high to low after receiving parent training.
    . Decrease in parental EE level had further impact on the child's improvement.

    Abstract
    The role that parents’ involvement may play in improving their child's social anxiety is still under debate. This paper aimed to investigate whether training parents with high expressed emotion (EE) could improve outcomes for adolescent social anxiety intervention. Fifty-two socially anxious adolescents (aged 13–18 years), whose parents exhibited high levels of expressed emotion, were assigned to either (a) a school-based intervention with an added parent training component, or (b) a school-based program focused solely on intervening with the adolescent (no parental involvement). Post-treatment and 12-month follow-up findings showed that school-based intervention with parent training was superior to the adolescent-specific program, yielding significant reductions in diagnosis remission, social and depressive symptomatology, particularly when the EE status of parents changed. Overall, the findings suggest that high-EE parents of children with social anxiety need to be involved in their child's therapy.
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    Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Community Psychology, Emotion, Psychiatry, and 48 more
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    As a field, we have made significant progress over the past decade in the study and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. If one were to closely examine this literature, several particular areas point to this fact....
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    Tras examinar detenidamente a la literatura, hay distintos elementos que nos permiten hacer aseverar que en la última década se ha constatado un progreso significativo en el estudio y tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad en población... more
    Tras examinar detenidamente a la literatura, hay distintos elementos que nos permiten hacer aseverar que en la última década se ha constatado un progreso significativo en el estudio y tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad en población infanto-juvenil. En primer lugar...
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    "The reviews of recent literature in the field reveal a significant growth in the number of research studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) in children and adolescents. However, there is a lack of information and on-going debates on... more
    "The reviews of recent literature in the field reveal a significant growth in
    the number of research studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) in children and
    adolescents. However, there is a lack of information and on-going debates on
    different issues related to this disorder. This paper presents a look ahead toward
    critical steps to extend our knowledge and improve the understanding of this
    disorder. In particular, this paper reviews the nature of social anxiety symptoms
    as well as etiological explanations for the disorder. Additionally, the issue of
    evidence-based assessment and treatment of SAD is discussed, with a particular
    focus on cognitive-behavioral interventions. We conclude with a discussion of
    future directions for the field."
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    "Psychological abuse is receiving increased attention focusing on its severe effects for the individual and for society as a whole. Despite the considerable amount of research, there is a lack of information on the role that... more
    "Psychological abuse is receiving increased attention focusing on its severe effects for the individual and for society as a whole. Despite the considerable amount of research, there is a lack of information on the role that psychopathology may play in the etiology, development and maintenance of the abuse. As can be seen in other papers in this special issue, there is scattered information regarding the potential role of anxiety disorders, and particularly the social anxiety disorder. To fill this gap, this paper reviews the state-of-art including studies examining or including the relationship between social anxiety and topics such as sexual abuse, couple abuse, bullying and mobbing, also covered in this special issue. Overall, findings indicate a strong correlation between social anxiety and vulnerability to psychological abuse, particularly to bullying and mobbing.

    El abuso psicológico es una de las problemáticas que se encuentran desafortunadamente en vigencia y cuyas consecuencias negativas son nefastas para el individuo en particular y la sociedad en general. Aunque existe una considerable cantidad de información e investigación sobre este tema, aún se desconocen factores de riesgo a nivel de psicopatología. Como se ha observado en los artículos que preceden a éste, existen algunos indicios acerca del papel que puede estar jugando algunos trastornos de ansiedad y, más concretamente, el trastorno de ansiedad social, en el origen, desarrollo y mantenimiento del abuso. Como resultado, en este trabajo revisaremos aquellos estudios que han mostrado la relación entre presencia de ansiedad social y abuso sexual, abuso en la pareja, abuso escolar (bullying) y acoso laboral (mobbing), siguiendo, asimismo, el orden de los trabajos presentados en este monográfico. En general, los datos señalan que existe un cuerpo de evidencia que señala una fuerte correlación positiva entre ansiedad social y vulnerabilidad frente al abuso psicológico, en concreto con el abuso escolar y el acoso laboral."
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    Although social phobia is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents, information on the need for normative data is missing. For this reason, this cross-sectional study aims at determining if there is a need to have normative... more
    Although social phobia is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents, information on the need for normative data is missing. For this reason, this cross-sectional study aims at determining if there is a need to have normative data according to age and gender in socially anxious adolescents. Furthermore, this study analyzes if boys and girls differ in the nature of their social fears. The study population comprised 2,543 Spanish-speaking adolescents randomly recruited from 10 schools. The results point out that there is no need for different normative data based on age and gender. Moreover, our data indicate that even though there are quantitative differences between boys and girls, i.e. the girls reporting a higher percentage, a qualitative analysis reveals that boys and girls experience the same social fears and, therefore, the nature of the social anxiety-provoking situations is the same across gender. Implications for developmental theories and assessment are discussed.
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