JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENGINEERING DESIGN AND SIMULATION
Lap joints are commonly used as a method of connecting structural parts. This includes parts that... more Lap joints are commonly used as a method of connecting structural parts. This includes parts that are made by 3D printing technology. Structural simulation using the finite element (FE) method can be used for lap joint analysis purposes. There are two approaches to use for the analysis of lap joints: actual bolt connection, and virtual bolt connection. Although an actual bolt connection is ideal to use, however in some cases it is impractical, for example when the number of joints and number of fasteners is huge. It is necessary to understand the behavior of these two different approaches for 3D printed lap joints. The modeling comparison of 3D printed PLA lap joint of these two different connections was studied using FE analysis. FE analysis was carried out using CATIA software to determine the Von Misses Stress value and displacement for each type of connection. Comparison between virtual bolt and actual bolt connections showed that actual bolts have higher Von Misses Stress value...
Formula SAE is an international student design competition which is held in various parts of the ... more Formula SAE is an international student design competition which is held in various parts of the world that challenges students to conceive, design, fabricate and test a single seater race car. Teams are evaluated based on business and technical presentations and dynamic performance of their cars. One of the important requirements of the Formula SAE car is its impact attenuator. It must be designed to absorb the specified impact energy. It is placed at the front of the car to protect the driver in the event of frontal collision. A new impact attenuator design which consists of aluminium circular tubes and L-sections arranged in a specified configuration is proposed. The attenuator is subjected to static and impact loads to determine its initial peak force (IPF), crush force efficiency (CFE) and specific energy absorption (SEA). Simulation result for static loading is validated by experiment. Minimum absorbed impact energy of 7350 J with peak acceleration of less than 40g and mean de...
During collision, occupants and structures experience serious injuries and damages due to high im... more During collision, occupants and structures experience serious injuries and damages due to high impulsive force and poor impact energy absorption. Performance of energy absorption can be improved by selecting a suitable structure and material. A good crashworthiness structure should have low Initial Peak Force (IPF), high Crush Force Efficiency (CFE) and high Specific Energy Absorption (SEA). This paper introduces a new design that consists of stacked circular tubes within a square column which will be subjected to axial impact loading. The impact results were compared to static analysis of previous study in terms of IPF, CFE, SEA and DAF. Simulation results were validated by experiment before on embarking simulation parametric study. The experiment was conducted using the Drop Hammer Machine, Instron Dynatup 8250. Simulation results show good agreement with the experimental results. The increase in IPF and SEA were influenced by inertia compared to static at the same crush distance....
This paper describes the use of embedded Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) sensor in the honeycomb core ca... more This paper describes the use of embedded Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) sensor in the honeycomb core carbon fiber sandwich panel in smart composite materials for the application of monitoring the structural integrity of an aircraft. A part of vertical stabilizer was selected and reproduced using carbon fiber honeycomb core sandwich panels. The sandwich panel was fabricated in accordance to the generic sandwich structure and aviation industry standards, including the materials and also the method of construction. Using a carbon fiber from Hexcel as the face-sheet, Nomex honeycomb as the core, the sandwich panel was cured using Hysol EA9330 resin according to a standard curing process in the aviation industry. In order to make the sandwich panel as smart materials, optical sensor which has fiber bragg grating arrays, FBG, were embedded between the carbon fiber plies during the lay-out process. Using an FBG data logger and Instron 8802 Universal Testing Machine, the panel was subjected to fl...
Since two decades ago, non-metallic composites especially honeycomb core sandwich panel were wide... more Since two decades ago, non-metallic composites especially honeycomb core sandwich panel were widely used in the secondary non-controlling surfaces such as the horizontal and vertical stabilizer main boxes. One of the problems in honeycomb sandwich structure is detection of delamination between the core and the skin. In order to overcome this problem, most aircraft manufacturers equipped their aircrafts with Health Monitoring System (HMS) in place to monitor the status of the aircraft structural integrity. There are many types of HMS being adopted by the aircraft manufacturers. The type of HMS being studied in this research is the one using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) system, which utilize optical strain sensor using light wave as the means of signal detection. The objectives of this research are to detect the location of delamination in sandwich panel and to determine the extents or the relative size of the delamination using FBG. In this study, an FBG sensor array was embedded in the...
This paper examines the behaviour of vendors and purchasers indirectly through the judicial decis... more This paper examines the behaviour of vendors and purchasers indirectly through the judicial decisions in Malaysia, Australia, and the United States. The decided cases illustrate that buyers are still indolent in their duty to conduct pre-purchase inspections, some vendors were seen to have actively concealed defects in the property and fraudulently misrepresented the conditions of the properties. This paper suggests consumer education for both the vendors and purchasers and the extension of the jurisdiction of either the Tribunal for Homebuyers Claims or the Tribunal for Consumer Claims to include matters regarding the dispute as to the condition of the property.
There are a few thousands commercial aircraft:s operating today. Many of those aircrafts are cons... more There are a few thousands commercial aircraft:s operating today. Many of those aircrafts are considered old or aging aircrafts. It is expected that all old or aging aircrafts will experience damages whether little or large. Damages in aircraft structures are classified as negligible and intolerable. Since commercial aircrafts are constructed to be in Damage Tolerant Design (DTD), negligible damage is not threatening and the aircraft can still operate under some limitations. Intolerable damage however, should be repaired to prevent growth of the damage and to maintain airworthiness of the aircraft. One of the damages that will be covered in this research is crack damage and the repair on it. The damage location in this research will be on the skin next to the stringer section. Most damage repair methods and procedures are prescribed in the Structural Repair Manual (SRM). This research will conduct strength/stress analysis on the section before damaged, after damaged, and after repair...
The governments of many countries have identified Community Based Tourism (CBT) in rural tourism ... more The governments of many countries have identified Community Based Tourism (CBT) in rural tourism as a catalyst for the development of rural community. Urban poverty in many countries including Malaysia and Cambodia is due to rural-urban migration. The natural population growth in urban areas is an increasingly visible phenomenon in these countries. Hence, this paper aims to suggest the inclusion of the existing concept of community based tourism (CBT) into the urban setting as a supplement to the existing concept, which is dominant in the rural setting. Using Malaysia and Cambodia as a case study, it is the contention of this paper that the hybrid rural and urban community based tourism would better facilitate social justice in tourism destinations.
The rapid growth in automotive industry has been widely spread worldwide. The strong competitions... more The rapid growth in automotive industry has been widely spread worldwide. The strong competitions among the manufacturer become more competitive and aggressive due to the demand nowadays. Furthermore, the high expectation from the consumers 4who demands the better engine performance, urban exterior shape, efficient fuel consumption, better interior design and effective cost has created the tough challenges to all the manufacturer in order to attain the standard. As the result, all the aspect in designing a car must be analyzed and observed deeply to ensure the requirement has been fulfilled. In this project, the main focus is on the fuel economy and also the aspect of the transmission system efficiency. This system offer more option in term of flexibility. Nevertheless, to attempt in the improvement of the fuel efficiency the introduction of the torque converters has been implementing. Also in the higher gear ratios it will eliminate the power loss. However in this project, the use ...
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENGINEERING DESIGN AND SIMULATION
Lap joints are commonly used as a method of connecting structural parts. This includes parts that... more Lap joints are commonly used as a method of connecting structural parts. This includes parts that are made by 3D printing technology. Structural simulation using the finite element (FE) method can be used for lap joint analysis purposes. There are two approaches to use for the analysis of lap joints: actual bolt connection, and virtual bolt connection. Although an actual bolt connection is ideal to use, however in some cases it is impractical, for example when the number of joints and number of fasteners is huge. It is necessary to understand the behavior of these two different approaches for 3D printed lap joints. The modeling comparison of 3D printed PLA lap joint of these two different connections was studied using FE analysis. FE analysis was carried out using CATIA software to determine the Von Misses Stress value and displacement for each type of connection. Comparison between virtual bolt and actual bolt connections showed that actual bolts have higher Von Misses Stress value...
Formula SAE is an international student design competition which is held in various parts of the ... more Formula SAE is an international student design competition which is held in various parts of the world that challenges students to conceive, design, fabricate and test a single seater race car. Teams are evaluated based on business and technical presentations and dynamic performance of their cars. One of the important requirements of the Formula SAE car is its impact attenuator. It must be designed to absorb the specified impact energy. It is placed at the front of the car to protect the driver in the event of frontal collision. A new impact attenuator design which consists of aluminium circular tubes and L-sections arranged in a specified configuration is proposed. The attenuator is subjected to static and impact loads to determine its initial peak force (IPF), crush force efficiency (CFE) and specific energy absorption (SEA). Simulation result for static loading is validated by experiment. Minimum absorbed impact energy of 7350 J with peak acceleration of less than 40g and mean de...
During collision, occupants and structures experience serious injuries and damages due to high im... more During collision, occupants and structures experience serious injuries and damages due to high impulsive force and poor impact energy absorption. Performance of energy absorption can be improved by selecting a suitable structure and material. A good crashworthiness structure should have low Initial Peak Force (IPF), high Crush Force Efficiency (CFE) and high Specific Energy Absorption (SEA). This paper introduces a new design that consists of stacked circular tubes within a square column which will be subjected to axial impact loading. The impact results were compared to static analysis of previous study in terms of IPF, CFE, SEA and DAF. Simulation results were validated by experiment before on embarking simulation parametric study. The experiment was conducted using the Drop Hammer Machine, Instron Dynatup 8250. Simulation results show good agreement with the experimental results. The increase in IPF and SEA were influenced by inertia compared to static at the same crush distance....
This paper describes the use of embedded Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) sensor in the honeycomb core ca... more This paper describes the use of embedded Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) sensor in the honeycomb core carbon fiber sandwich panel in smart composite materials for the application of monitoring the structural integrity of an aircraft. A part of vertical stabilizer was selected and reproduced using carbon fiber honeycomb core sandwich panels. The sandwich panel was fabricated in accordance to the generic sandwich structure and aviation industry standards, including the materials and also the method of construction. Using a carbon fiber from Hexcel as the face-sheet, Nomex honeycomb as the core, the sandwich panel was cured using Hysol EA9330 resin according to a standard curing process in the aviation industry. In order to make the sandwich panel as smart materials, optical sensor which has fiber bragg grating arrays, FBG, were embedded between the carbon fiber plies during the lay-out process. Using an FBG data logger and Instron 8802 Universal Testing Machine, the panel was subjected to fl...
Since two decades ago, non-metallic composites especially honeycomb core sandwich panel were wide... more Since two decades ago, non-metallic composites especially honeycomb core sandwich panel were widely used in the secondary non-controlling surfaces such as the horizontal and vertical stabilizer main boxes. One of the problems in honeycomb sandwich structure is detection of delamination between the core and the skin. In order to overcome this problem, most aircraft manufacturers equipped their aircrafts with Health Monitoring System (HMS) in place to monitor the status of the aircraft structural integrity. There are many types of HMS being adopted by the aircraft manufacturers. The type of HMS being studied in this research is the one using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) system, which utilize optical strain sensor using light wave as the means of signal detection. The objectives of this research are to detect the location of delamination in sandwich panel and to determine the extents or the relative size of the delamination using FBG. In this study, an FBG sensor array was embedded in the...
This paper examines the behaviour of vendors and purchasers indirectly through the judicial decis... more This paper examines the behaviour of vendors and purchasers indirectly through the judicial decisions in Malaysia, Australia, and the United States. The decided cases illustrate that buyers are still indolent in their duty to conduct pre-purchase inspections, some vendors were seen to have actively concealed defects in the property and fraudulently misrepresented the conditions of the properties. This paper suggests consumer education for both the vendors and purchasers and the extension of the jurisdiction of either the Tribunal for Homebuyers Claims or the Tribunal for Consumer Claims to include matters regarding the dispute as to the condition of the property.
There are a few thousands commercial aircraft:s operating today. Many of those aircrafts are cons... more There are a few thousands commercial aircraft:s operating today. Many of those aircrafts are considered old or aging aircrafts. It is expected that all old or aging aircrafts will experience damages whether little or large. Damages in aircraft structures are classified as negligible and intolerable. Since commercial aircrafts are constructed to be in Damage Tolerant Design (DTD), negligible damage is not threatening and the aircraft can still operate under some limitations. Intolerable damage however, should be repaired to prevent growth of the damage and to maintain airworthiness of the aircraft. One of the damages that will be covered in this research is crack damage and the repair on it. The damage location in this research will be on the skin next to the stringer section. Most damage repair methods and procedures are prescribed in the Structural Repair Manual (SRM). This research will conduct strength/stress analysis on the section before damaged, after damaged, and after repair...
The governments of many countries have identified Community Based Tourism (CBT) in rural tourism ... more The governments of many countries have identified Community Based Tourism (CBT) in rural tourism as a catalyst for the development of rural community. Urban poverty in many countries including Malaysia and Cambodia is due to rural-urban migration. The natural population growth in urban areas is an increasingly visible phenomenon in these countries. Hence, this paper aims to suggest the inclusion of the existing concept of community based tourism (CBT) into the urban setting as a supplement to the existing concept, which is dominant in the rural setting. Using Malaysia and Cambodia as a case study, it is the contention of this paper that the hybrid rural and urban community based tourism would better facilitate social justice in tourism destinations.
The rapid growth in automotive industry has been widely spread worldwide. The strong competitions... more The rapid growth in automotive industry has been widely spread worldwide. The strong competitions among the manufacturer become more competitive and aggressive due to the demand nowadays. Furthermore, the high expectation from the consumers 4who demands the better engine performance, urban exterior shape, efficient fuel consumption, better interior design and effective cost has created the tough challenges to all the manufacturer in order to attain the standard. As the result, all the aspect in designing a car must be analyzed and observed deeply to ensure the requirement has been fulfilled. In this project, the main focus is on the fuel economy and also the aspect of the transmission system efficiency. This system offer more option in term of flexibility. Nevertheless, to attempt in the improvement of the fuel efficiency the introduction of the torque converters has been implementing. Also in the higher gear ratios it will eliminate the power loss. However in this project, the use ...
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