This article aims to ascertain the role of a local leader in the transformation of waste manageme... more This article aims to ascertain the role of a local leader in the transformation of waste management in Depok City, West Java, between 2014 and 2017. In 2005, Depok was identified as one of the dirtiest cities in Indonesia; by 2017, it had successfully transformed itself and received the Adipura Award for Indonesia's cleanest city. Based on qualitative fieldwork, we argue that Depok's waste management was transformed through a series of policies made by the mayor in conjunction with the Government of Depok City between 2006 and 2016. The example of Depok shows that formal leadership plays an important role in encouraging the emergence of innovative policies to address public problems. In this case, the vision of the leader was translated into policy and implemented by bureaucratic institutions, thereby driving important changes in the region. Further contributing factors included credibility, protection from opposition, and access to resources. We also emphasize the importance of leadership in giving direct examples to local communities on how we understand waste; how we reduce, reuse, recycle, and participate. The leader's ability to consolidate his ideas within the broader community, as well as his commitment to sustainable change, become the main driver of his policy performance.
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) enjoys a special arrangement compared to other provinces in Indo... more Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) enjoys a special arrangement compared to other provinces in Indonesia, especially in terms of the Governor and Vice Governor’s positions. Hence, the Governor and Vice Governor of this province are political posts which are privileged to the Sultan Hamengkubuwono and Adipati Pakualam. For this reason, some people consider this arrangement undemocratic, since there is not equal access for everyone to be elected as Governor in the province. However, in terms of Indonesian Democracy Index, DIY is always among the top three ranks. This paper is aimed to explain how and why this paradox exists in DIY. Tracing back the history, Kasultanan and Pakualaman both had their own values and traditions which were mostly hierarchical in managing public issues and their relation to their people. Soon after Indonesian independence in 1945, those two traditional institutions then had to deal with the newly established modern institution (State) which soon would promote democracy. This development creates a unique local regime pattern, wherein on the one side traditional culture, values, and social practice were mostly based on patron–client relationships which can still easily be seen in present-day political practice, while on the other side democratic institutions, such as political parties, non-government organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs) now flourish massively and greatly influence the democratization process in this Special Province. The intertwining between tradition and democracy is a form of hybrid democracy which usually is found in transition to democracy contexts. However, what happened in DIY is not just a transition from hierarchy based politics to democracy, since it is a regime already with a history involving a stable and long collaboration between traditional and modern institutions in managing public issues. This unique arrangement is unable to be replaced fully during the democratization process in Indonesia since 1998. As a result, this hybrid democracy situation then needs to be considered as a significant source in supporting political stability and maintaining development achievements in DIY. Key words: traditional institution, modern institution, hybrid democracy, local regime.
The current wave of democratization has been taking place in Indonesia since 1998. Some democrati... more The current wave of democratization has been taking place in Indonesia since 1998. Some democratization agendas have been implemented, such as free general elections in 1999, the improvement of the legislative bodies, and the decentralization agenda. Some believe that, to some extent, Indonesian democracy is on the right track as can be seen from the lack of territorial disintegration threats and the success stories of direct election for the local leaders (at the Regency and Provincial Levels) as well as for the presidential election since 2005. However, patronage and clientelism are also found at the local and national levels, in which elites or patrons become dominant actors who have the power to define and decide public affairs. Even though the legislative body exists at the local level, it only plays a supporter role for the patron or even becoming the patron itself. This means that people's representative function which is embedded in the legislative body has been abused and is under the elite's monopoly. Therefore, Indonesian democracy is considered to be elitist, since the power is being monopolized by the elite and public affairs have been depoliticized. In this regard, some believe that democracy has been implemented without carefully considering the relations among actors, power and social and political context. This is what is called as the depolitization of democracy, which occurs when control and political equality of all people are not properly in place and people pay attention mostly on regular elections. Politicizing democracy eventually becomes an alternative to achieve transformative democracy. It includes primarily changing the power relations within the society by improving cooperation between democracy activists and academic scholars. Secondly, improving people's education and modernization. These will provide a chance to promote the democracy values of equality and liberty, as an entrance for promoting a control over public affairs, and as a basis for deepening democracy in Indonesia.
The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia h... more The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia has raised critical question on its correlation with Indonesian competitiveness in IT industry. This paper attempts to analyze internal factors of each incubator model that drives innovation as well as to identify power relations of actors in IT ecosystem. In the context of Global Value Chain governance, Indonesian incubation model showed tendencies toward relational governance. The type of relation was complex and interdependent. This condition has pushed the emergence of Godfather actor who had specific competences that sustain innovation. Abstrak Bertambahnya aktor-aktor yang menyediakan layanan inkubasi bisnis digital dan coworking space di kota-kota di Indonesia menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai korelasi fenomena inkubasi bisnis digital dengan peningkatan daya saing technopreneur Indonesia dan tarik-menarik kepentingan nasional dan global antar aktor. Tulisan ini fokus menganalisa beberapa aspek internal dari strategi aktor penyedia layanan inkubasi dalam merangsang inovasi, lalu posisi aktor dalam rantai nilai global dan juga relasi kekuasaan antar aktor. Konteks governance dalam Global Value Chain, pola relasi antara inkubator dengan startup menunjukkan kecenderungan pada model governance yang relational. Pola hubungan berlangsung secara kompleks sehingga terjalin ketergantungan antara kedua belah pihak. Hal ini kemudian membuat startup membutuhkan Godfather, yang merupakan aktor dengan kapasitas tertentu yang dapat digunakan untuk memastikan inovasi dapat berjalan.
Innovation will needs support from a Godfather, a strong actor who will be able to provide financ... more Innovation will needs support from a Godfather, a strong actor who will be able to provide financial support, protection, especially from the proponents of such innovation. And this also applied to start up development.
Informality is a characteristic central to the Asia-Pacific region. Nonetheless, the regional dis... more Informality is a characteristic central to the Asia-Pacific region. Nonetheless, the regional discourse around democratisation, which includes not only speech but also practice, tends to mention informal institutions only in passing. In the Asia-Pacific region, prominent informal institutions include local customs; clan politics; money politics; corruption; clientelism; patronage; informal mobilisation and resiliency networks; everyday resistance; vigilantism; shadow markets; and unconventional community-based organisations. This contribution posits that these informal institutions rarely receive adequate treatment as part of debates and discussions about democratisation and the shaping of the practice around it. It is argued that the tendency to ignore or reject informality compromises attempts to understand and support democratisation processes in the region. Each of the three case studies brought forth in this contribution illustrates different types of informal institutions and their impact on democratisation in different contexts and dynamics, namely, (i) the way in which informal institutions shape procedures ranging from everyday licensing to national elections in Indonesia; (ii) the way in which individuals and communities have been able to build resiliency action and networks by leveraging informal institutions in their pursuit of transitional change in Myanmar; and (iii) the threat posed by informal institutions to post-earthquake aid and recovery activities throughout Nepal. As the contribution illustrates, understanding the situation in 2015 requires locating developments in a more expansive and broadened historical perspective. Fortunately, recent experiences signpost that making informality more central in discourses around democratisation in the Asia-Pacific region could be a shift towards ensuring that informal institutions receive the due consideration their influence on politics merits.
Makalah singkat ini membahas konsep kebijakan publik dan mengkaitkannya dengan konsep good govern... more Makalah singkat ini membahas konsep kebijakan publik dan mengkaitkannya dengan konsep good governance. Titik temu dari kefua konsep ini adalah pada pengelolaan urusan publik
Tullisan ini menganalisa hasil IDI DIY 2014 dan mengkaitkannya dengan proses perencanaan pembangu... more Tullisan ini menganalisa hasil IDI DIY 2014 dan mengkaitkannya dengan proses perencanaan pembangunan di DIY
Tulisan ini merupakan pengantar untuk melihat pelaksanaan desentralisasi di Indonesia tahun 1999 ... more Tulisan ini merupakan pengantar untuk melihat pelaksanaan desentralisasi di Indonesia tahun 1999 - 2010.
The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia h... more The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia has raised critical question on its correlation with Indonesian competitiveness in IT industry. This paper attempts to analyze internal factors of each incubator model that drives innovation as well as to identify power relations of actors in IT ecosystem. In the context of Global Value Chain governance, Indonesian incubation model showed tendencies toward relational governance. The type of relation was complex and interdependent. This condition has pushed the emergence of Godfather actor who had specific competences that sustain innovation. Abstrak Bertambahnya aktor-aktor yang menyediakan layanan inkubasi bisnis digital dan coworking space di kota-kota di Indonesia menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai korelasi fenomena inkubasi bisnis digital dengan peningkatan daya saing technopreneur Indonesia dan tarik-menarik kepentingan nasional dan global antar aktor. Tulisan ini fokus menganalisa beberapa aspek internal dari strategi aktor penyedia layanan inkubasi dalam merangsang inovasi, lalu posisi aktor dalam rantai nilai global dan juga relasi kekuasaan antar aktor. Konteks governance dalam Global Value Chain, pola relasi antara inkubator dengan startup menunjukkan kecenderungan pada model governance yang relational. Pola hubungan berlangsung secara kompleks sehingga terjalin ketergantungan antara kedua belah pihak. Hal ini kemudian membuat startup membutuhkan Godfather, yang merupakan aktor dengan kapasitas tertentu yang dapat digunakan untuk memastikan inovasi dapat berjalan.
Tulisan ini merupakan ringkasan dari laporan survey yang dilakukan oleh Tim Jurusan Politik dan P... more Tulisan ini merupakan ringkasan dari laporan survey yang dilakukan oleh Tim Jurusan Politik dan Pemerintahan FISIPOL UGM bekerja sama dengan TAF. Temuan menarik dari survey ini adalah adanya tren pergeseran perilaku memilih ke arah yang lebih rasional, khususnya untuk kelompok sasaran: perempuan, difabel dan buruh. Hasil dari survei ini juga memperkuat fakta ketidaksambungan antara pemilih dengan anggota legislatif yang terpilih, sehingga memperkuat dugaan bahwa pemilih hanya ada saat pencoblosan, dan akan segera hilang sesaat setelah pemenang Pemilu diumumkan. Hal inilah yang menjadi tantangan besar demokrasi.
This article aims to ascertain the role of a local leader in the transformation of waste manageme... more This article aims to ascertain the role of a local leader in the transformation of waste management in Depok City, West Java, between 2014 and 2017. In 2005, Depok was identified as one of the dirtiest cities in Indonesia; by 2017, it had successfully transformed itself and received the Adipura Award for Indonesia's cleanest city. Based on qualitative fieldwork, we argue that Depok's waste management was transformed through a series of policies made by the mayor in conjunction with the Government of Depok City between 2006 and 2016. The example of Depok shows that formal leadership plays an important role in encouraging the emergence of innovative policies to address public problems. In this case, the vision of the leader was translated into policy and implemented by bureaucratic institutions, thereby driving important changes in the region. Further contributing factors included credibility, protection from opposition, and access to resources. We also emphasize the importance of leadership in giving direct examples to local communities on how we understand waste; how we reduce, reuse, recycle, and participate. The leader's ability to consolidate his ideas within the broader community, as well as his commitment to sustainable change, become the main driver of his policy performance.
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) enjoys a special arrangement compared to other provinces in Indo... more Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) enjoys a special arrangement compared to other provinces in Indonesia, especially in terms of the Governor and Vice Governor’s positions. Hence, the Governor and Vice Governor of this province are political posts which are privileged to the Sultan Hamengkubuwono and Adipati Pakualam. For this reason, some people consider this arrangement undemocratic, since there is not equal access for everyone to be elected as Governor in the province. However, in terms of Indonesian Democracy Index, DIY is always among the top three ranks. This paper is aimed to explain how and why this paradox exists in DIY. Tracing back the history, Kasultanan and Pakualaman both had their own values and traditions which were mostly hierarchical in managing public issues and their relation to their people. Soon after Indonesian independence in 1945, those two traditional institutions then had to deal with the newly established modern institution (State) which soon would promote democracy. This development creates a unique local regime pattern, wherein on the one side traditional culture, values, and social practice were mostly based on patron–client relationships which can still easily be seen in present-day political practice, while on the other side democratic institutions, such as political parties, non-government organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs) now flourish massively and greatly influence the democratization process in this Special Province. The intertwining between tradition and democracy is a form of hybrid democracy which usually is found in transition to democracy contexts. However, what happened in DIY is not just a transition from hierarchy based politics to democracy, since it is a regime already with a history involving a stable and long collaboration between traditional and modern institutions in managing public issues. This unique arrangement is unable to be replaced fully during the democratization process in Indonesia since 1998. As a result, this hybrid democracy situation then needs to be considered as a significant source in supporting political stability and maintaining development achievements in DIY. Key words: traditional institution, modern institution, hybrid democracy, local regime.
The current wave of democratization has been taking place in Indonesia since 1998. Some democrati... more The current wave of democratization has been taking place in Indonesia since 1998. Some democratization agendas have been implemented, such as free general elections in 1999, the improvement of the legislative bodies, and the decentralization agenda. Some believe that, to some extent, Indonesian democracy is on the right track as can be seen from the lack of territorial disintegration threats and the success stories of direct election for the local leaders (at the Regency and Provincial Levels) as well as for the presidential election since 2005. However, patronage and clientelism are also found at the local and national levels, in which elites or patrons become dominant actors who have the power to define and decide public affairs. Even though the legislative body exists at the local level, it only plays a supporter role for the patron or even becoming the patron itself. This means that people's representative function which is embedded in the legislative body has been abused and is under the elite's monopoly. Therefore, Indonesian democracy is considered to be elitist, since the power is being monopolized by the elite and public affairs have been depoliticized. In this regard, some believe that democracy has been implemented without carefully considering the relations among actors, power and social and political context. This is what is called as the depolitization of democracy, which occurs when control and political equality of all people are not properly in place and people pay attention mostly on regular elections. Politicizing democracy eventually becomes an alternative to achieve transformative democracy. It includes primarily changing the power relations within the society by improving cooperation between democracy activists and academic scholars. Secondly, improving people's education and modernization. These will provide a chance to promote the democracy values of equality and liberty, as an entrance for promoting a control over public affairs, and as a basis for deepening democracy in Indonesia.
The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia h... more The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia has raised critical question on its correlation with Indonesian competitiveness in IT industry. This paper attempts to analyze internal factors of each incubator model that drives innovation as well as to identify power relations of actors in IT ecosystem. In the context of Global Value Chain governance, Indonesian incubation model showed tendencies toward relational governance. The type of relation was complex and interdependent. This condition has pushed the emergence of Godfather actor who had specific competences that sustain innovation. Abstrak Bertambahnya aktor-aktor yang menyediakan layanan inkubasi bisnis digital dan coworking space di kota-kota di Indonesia menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai korelasi fenomena inkubasi bisnis digital dengan peningkatan daya saing technopreneur Indonesia dan tarik-menarik kepentingan nasional dan global antar aktor. Tulisan ini fokus menganalisa beberapa aspek internal dari strategi aktor penyedia layanan inkubasi dalam merangsang inovasi, lalu posisi aktor dalam rantai nilai global dan juga relasi kekuasaan antar aktor. Konteks governance dalam Global Value Chain, pola relasi antara inkubator dengan startup menunjukkan kecenderungan pada model governance yang relational. Pola hubungan berlangsung secara kompleks sehingga terjalin ketergantungan antara kedua belah pihak. Hal ini kemudian membuat startup membutuhkan Godfather, yang merupakan aktor dengan kapasitas tertentu yang dapat digunakan untuk memastikan inovasi dapat berjalan.
Innovation will needs support from a Godfather, a strong actor who will be able to provide financ... more Innovation will needs support from a Godfather, a strong actor who will be able to provide financial support, protection, especially from the proponents of such innovation. And this also applied to start up development.
Informality is a characteristic central to the Asia-Pacific region. Nonetheless, the regional dis... more Informality is a characteristic central to the Asia-Pacific region. Nonetheless, the regional discourse around democratisation, which includes not only speech but also practice, tends to mention informal institutions only in passing. In the Asia-Pacific region, prominent informal institutions include local customs; clan politics; money politics; corruption; clientelism; patronage; informal mobilisation and resiliency networks; everyday resistance; vigilantism; shadow markets; and unconventional community-based organisations. This contribution posits that these informal institutions rarely receive adequate treatment as part of debates and discussions about democratisation and the shaping of the practice around it. It is argued that the tendency to ignore or reject informality compromises attempts to understand and support democratisation processes in the region. Each of the three case studies brought forth in this contribution illustrates different types of informal institutions and their impact on democratisation in different contexts and dynamics, namely, (i) the way in which informal institutions shape procedures ranging from everyday licensing to national elections in Indonesia; (ii) the way in which individuals and communities have been able to build resiliency action and networks by leveraging informal institutions in their pursuit of transitional change in Myanmar; and (iii) the threat posed by informal institutions to post-earthquake aid and recovery activities throughout Nepal. As the contribution illustrates, understanding the situation in 2015 requires locating developments in a more expansive and broadened historical perspective. Fortunately, recent experiences signpost that making informality more central in discourses around democratisation in the Asia-Pacific region could be a shift towards ensuring that informal institutions receive the due consideration their influence on politics merits.
Makalah singkat ini membahas konsep kebijakan publik dan mengkaitkannya dengan konsep good govern... more Makalah singkat ini membahas konsep kebijakan publik dan mengkaitkannya dengan konsep good governance. Titik temu dari kefua konsep ini adalah pada pengelolaan urusan publik
Tullisan ini menganalisa hasil IDI DIY 2014 dan mengkaitkannya dengan proses perencanaan pembangu... more Tullisan ini menganalisa hasil IDI DIY 2014 dan mengkaitkannya dengan proses perencanaan pembangunan di DIY
Tulisan ini merupakan pengantar untuk melihat pelaksanaan desentralisasi di Indonesia tahun 1999 ... more Tulisan ini merupakan pengantar untuk melihat pelaksanaan desentralisasi di Indonesia tahun 1999 - 2010.
The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia h... more The growing number of incubator business and coworking spaces for digital business in Indonesia has raised critical question on its correlation with Indonesian competitiveness in IT industry. This paper attempts to analyze internal factors of each incubator model that drives innovation as well as to identify power relations of actors in IT ecosystem. In the context of Global Value Chain governance, Indonesian incubation model showed tendencies toward relational governance. The type of relation was complex and interdependent. This condition has pushed the emergence of Godfather actor who had specific competences that sustain innovation. Abstrak Bertambahnya aktor-aktor yang menyediakan layanan inkubasi bisnis digital dan coworking space di kota-kota di Indonesia menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai korelasi fenomena inkubasi bisnis digital dengan peningkatan daya saing technopreneur Indonesia dan tarik-menarik kepentingan nasional dan global antar aktor. Tulisan ini fokus menganalisa beberapa aspek internal dari strategi aktor penyedia layanan inkubasi dalam merangsang inovasi, lalu posisi aktor dalam rantai nilai global dan juga relasi kekuasaan antar aktor. Konteks governance dalam Global Value Chain, pola relasi antara inkubator dengan startup menunjukkan kecenderungan pada model governance yang relational. Pola hubungan berlangsung secara kompleks sehingga terjalin ketergantungan antara kedua belah pihak. Hal ini kemudian membuat startup membutuhkan Godfather, yang merupakan aktor dengan kapasitas tertentu yang dapat digunakan untuk memastikan inovasi dapat berjalan.
Tulisan ini merupakan ringkasan dari laporan survey yang dilakukan oleh Tim Jurusan Politik dan P... more Tulisan ini merupakan ringkasan dari laporan survey yang dilakukan oleh Tim Jurusan Politik dan Pemerintahan FISIPOL UGM bekerja sama dengan TAF. Temuan menarik dari survey ini adalah adanya tren pergeseran perilaku memilih ke arah yang lebih rasional, khususnya untuk kelompok sasaran: perempuan, difabel dan buruh. Hasil dari survei ini juga memperkuat fakta ketidaksambungan antara pemilih dengan anggota legislatif yang terpilih, sehingga memperkuat dugaan bahwa pemilih hanya ada saat pencoblosan, dan akan segera hilang sesaat setelah pemenang Pemilu diumumkan. Hal inilah yang menjadi tantangan besar demokrasi.
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Papers by Nur Azizah
This paper is aimed to explain how and why this paradox exists in DIY. Tracing back the history, Kasultanan and Pakualaman both had their own values and traditions which were mostly hierarchical in managing public issues and their relation to their people. Soon after Indonesian independence in 1945, those two traditional institutions then had to deal with the newly established modern institution (State) which soon would promote democracy. This development creates a unique local regime pattern, wherein on the one side traditional culture, values, and social practice were mostly based on patron–client relationships which can still easily be seen in present-day political practice, while on the other side democratic institutions, such as political parties, non-government organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs) now flourish massively and greatly influence the democratization process in this Special Province.
The intertwining between tradition and democracy is a form of hybrid democracy which usually is found in transition to democracy contexts. However, what happened in DIY is not just a transition from hierarchy based politics to democracy, since it is a regime already with a history involving a stable and long collaboration between traditional and modern institutions in managing public issues. This unique arrangement is unable to be replaced fully during the democratization process in Indonesia since 1998. As a result, this hybrid democracy situation then needs to be considered as a significant source in supporting political stability and maintaining development achievements in DIY.
Key words: traditional institution, modern institution, hybrid democracy, local regime.
Books by Nur Azizah
Temuan menarik dari survey ini adalah adanya tren pergeseran perilaku memilih ke arah yang lebih rasional, khususnya untuk kelompok sasaran: perempuan, difabel dan buruh. Hasil dari survei ini juga memperkuat fakta ketidaksambungan antara pemilih dengan anggota legislatif yang terpilih, sehingga memperkuat dugaan bahwa pemilih hanya ada saat pencoblosan, dan akan segera hilang sesaat setelah pemenang Pemilu diumumkan. Hal inilah yang menjadi tantangan besar demokrasi.
This paper is aimed to explain how and why this paradox exists in DIY. Tracing back the history, Kasultanan and Pakualaman both had their own values and traditions which were mostly hierarchical in managing public issues and their relation to their people. Soon after Indonesian independence in 1945, those two traditional institutions then had to deal with the newly established modern institution (State) which soon would promote democracy. This development creates a unique local regime pattern, wherein on the one side traditional culture, values, and social practice were mostly based on patron–client relationships which can still easily be seen in present-day political practice, while on the other side democratic institutions, such as political parties, non-government organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs) now flourish massively and greatly influence the democratization process in this Special Province.
The intertwining between tradition and democracy is a form of hybrid democracy which usually is found in transition to democracy contexts. However, what happened in DIY is not just a transition from hierarchy based politics to democracy, since it is a regime already with a history involving a stable and long collaboration between traditional and modern institutions in managing public issues. This unique arrangement is unable to be replaced fully during the democratization process in Indonesia since 1998. As a result, this hybrid democracy situation then needs to be considered as a significant source in supporting political stability and maintaining development achievements in DIY.
Key words: traditional institution, modern institution, hybrid democracy, local regime.
Temuan menarik dari survey ini adalah adanya tren pergeseran perilaku memilih ke arah yang lebih rasional, khususnya untuk kelompok sasaran: perempuan, difabel dan buruh. Hasil dari survei ini juga memperkuat fakta ketidaksambungan antara pemilih dengan anggota legislatif yang terpilih, sehingga memperkuat dugaan bahwa pemilih hanya ada saat pencoblosan, dan akan segera hilang sesaat setelah pemenang Pemilu diumumkan. Hal inilah yang menjadi tantangan besar demokrasi.