Trade in the Indonesian archipelago has been there the eastern coastal areas of Sumatra coast bef... more Trade in the Indonesian archipelago has been there the eastern coastal areas of Sumatra coast before the establishment of maritime Srivijaya kingdom. The existence of human life activity obtained from the intensive research conducted in the Palembang Central Archaeological (Balai Arkeologi Palembang) in Air Sugihan and Karangagung Sites. Archaeological finds indicate the site in both the supporting community has interacted with the outside world. This paper will discuss the interaction of what the public do support both the site from the evidence the archaeological remains
Belitung island surrounded by two straits, the Gaspar Strait and the Strait Karimata known by sai... more Belitung island surrounded by two straits, the Gaspar Strait and the Strait Karimata known by sailors as a strait which has many reefs and shoals of sand that can cause the ship sank. Belitung island known as the underwater archaeological sites in the form of ships sank. One of the places is Karang Kijang Site, this paper will discuss the archaeological preliminary survey conducted in this sites, which is expected to increase data Indonesia underwater archeological sites.
Austronesian language speakers migrated to Southeast Asia and Indo-Pacific around 3500 years ago.... more Austronesian language speakers migrated to Southeast Asia and Indo-Pacific around 3500 years ago. Austronesian language speakers left traces of technology and cultures through the remains of artefacts. No exception in the area of South Sumatra also indicates the presence of the artefacts and cultures that characterize the Austronesian language speaking cultures. This paper will discuss the trail Austonesia speakers in South Sumatra through the remains of its culture.
Technological knowledge of the use of metals is inseparable from human knowledge in the processin... more Technological knowledge of the use of metals is inseparable from human knowledge in the processing pyrotechnics of fire as a power in high temperature processes for producing objects. The fire is used for smelting and casting in melting furnaces. Metal smelting furnace is a heat production device, which is used to purify the metal, in this case iron. This paper aims to determine the development of ferrous metal smelting furnace technology in Indonesia with the library research method from the results of previous studies. Based on the results of the analysis, there are four technologies for smelting iron, namely pit kiln, bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace. Of the four technologies, three are in use in Indonesia, namely bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace.
Expedient lithic technology has been described as unchanging and without or very limited presence... more Expedient lithic technology has been described as unchanging and without or very limited presence of formal tool types. However, this premise seems to limit the discussion on technological and behavioural complexity when studying amorphous flake industries. To address this issue, we employed multi-stage use-wear analysis to identify features that are not detectable through macroscopic approach. Our analysis of chert tools from Leang Sarru, North Sulawesi indicated the use of both unmodified flakes and retouched tools for plant processing, and we detected evidence for the manufacture of composite tools. Microscopic wear traces on unretouched flakes show that these were attached to shafts for possible use as hafted tools, but not necessarily as projectiles. Our results suggest that simple flake assemblages can be part of complex tool production and present an alternative view on the seemingly unchanging lithic technology from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. Furthermore, our curr...
Bunga Rampai Mengamit Minat Ragam Hias Nusantara, 2020
Masyarakat Lampung telah menenun kain yang disebut nampan dan kain pelepai sejak abad II M. Kain ... more Masyarakat Lampung telah menenun kain yang disebut nampan dan kain pelepai sejak abad II M. Kain tapis menggunakan teknik kait dan kunci atau key and rhomboid shape. Hiasan-hiasan yang terdapat pada kain tenun Lampung juga memiliki unsur-unsur yang sama dengan ragam hias di daerah lain. Hal ini terlihat dari unsur-unsur pengaruh tradisi prasejarah yang kuat. Motif hias yang sudah ada pada masa prasejarah melalui motif-motif yang ditemukan pada artefak arkeologi yang ditemukan pada benda-benda logam Budaya Dong son memiliki benang merah sejarah ke motif hias pada kain Tapis Lampung. Budaya Dong son pada masa prasejarah telah di serap oleh masyarakat Lampung dan di respresentasikan dalam bentuk yang lain yaitu kain tenun. Transformasi ini membuktikan jika budaya tidak hilang, namun telah berubah dan beradaptasi menjadi budaya benda yang lain yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan jaman.
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology , 2019
This short article report about the new findings of finely made dentate-stamped and lime infilled... more This short article report about the new findings of finely made dentate-stamped and lime infilled potteries from the Goa Topogaro site in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Most of them are red-slipped pottery decorated with dentate-stamped, lime infilled, and can be identified as burial potteries as they are excavated with secondly burials of the Early Metal Age possibly dated around 2000-1800 years ago. When comparing these finds with common decorative patterns seen in early dentate-stamped pottery assemblages in the Philippines, Mariana Islands, and early Lapita sites, the Topogaro dentatestamped pots lack some common early patterns, but exhibit a wider variety of designs. It is now argued that dentate-stamped decorations at Lapita sites mainly disappeared by around 2800 BP or at least by 2000 BP in the Pacific, but the Topogaro dentate-stamped sherds may indicate that this pottery tradition continued and further developed in Island Southeast Asia or Sulawesi at least until the Early Metal Age. The detailed analysis of these new finds and further comparative study on production technique, variety of design, forms, and styles of both dentate-stamped ceramics in Southeast Asia and Oceania is required.
Amerta, Journal of Archaeological Research and Development, 2018
Pulau Sumba sudah lama dikenal dengan tradisi makam megalitiknya yang dijumpai tersebar hampir di... more Pulau Sumba sudah lama dikenal dengan tradisi makam megalitiknya yang dijumpai tersebar hampir di semua area di Sumba. Makam megalitik ini dibangun dari potongan-potongan batuan berukuran besar. Berdasarkan aspek geologi, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mencari tahu asal batuan bahan pembuat makam megalitik dan apa yang menjadi alasan untuk memilih suatu batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Metode yang digunakan meliputi beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama merupakan pendeskripsian sampel di lapangan. Tahap kedua, analisis geologi digunakan untuk memetakan titik-titik observasi dan singkapan batuan di lapangan. Tahap ketiga, variabel hasil pengamatan kemudian dianalisa menggunakan metode Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Empat variabel digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: variabel jarak dari sumber, variabel litologi, variabel tekstur, dan variabel tingkat kekerasan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tekstur batuan merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam memilih jenis batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Jarak dan tingat kekerasan batuannya juga menjadi alasan penting lainnya dalam mengambil bahan material untuk makam megalitik terlepas apapun jenis batunya. Secara geologi bahan batuan berasal dari batugamping Formasi Kaliangga dan batupasir Formasi Kananggar.
Sumba is well known for its megalithic tradition, surviving evidence for which can be observed throughout the island in the form of tombs built from enormous stone slabs. The current study is aimed at identifying the sources of the raw material used to manufacture megalithic tombs and factors underlying the choice of raw material based on geological properties. We report the results of our field observations and geological analyses, including mapping of megalithic tomb sites and geological outcrops. Concerning the latter, field-datasets were analysed using a Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on a sample of 11 megalithic tombs from several different locations, four variables were employed to distinguish the preferred source of the raw material used in tomb construction: 1) distance from the source; 2) lithology; 3) rock texture; and 4) rock hardness. Analytical results indicate that raw material texture was the key factor in the construction of megalithic tombs, followed by distance from source and hardness of the stone selected for making this structures. Finally, we establish that raw materials used for constructing sampled megalithic tomb sites on Sumba included Kaliangga Formation limestone and Kananggar Formation sandstone.
The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution an... more The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution and development of Austronesian ancestors and their culture in Sumba. The method used is survey, excavation, analysis, and interpretation. The results of the research are skeletal findings and urn burial also artifacts which are pottery, beads, metal jewelry, and stone tools. From the dating result it is known that Lambanapu Site was inhabited at least 2.000 years ago and from paleantropology analysis, it is estimated that the individuals found from primary and secondary burial in Lambanapu are a mixture of Mongoloid and Australomelanesoid. Genetic mixing is very possible, given the history of the archipelago's occupation which was filled by several waves of great migration in the past. The Lambanapu site has provided an overview of Sumba's ancestral life in the context of the archipelago. The Lamabanapu research results show us, how Lambanapu and Sumba in general rich with historical and cultural values of the past that are very useful for today's life. The wealth of historical and cultural values is not only for local interests, but also to fill the rich history and culture of the archipelago, and even contribute to global history.
Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian
Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global.
Archaeometallurgy research and data related to ancient metals working in Kalimantan are limited, ... more Archaeometallurgy research and data related to ancient metals working in Kalimantan are limited, even never doing research for archaeometallurgy. This paper will discuss the ancient metalworking traces in the upper Barito watershed (Montalat River and Teweh River), and how are the ancient metalworking techniques carried out by the people in the Barito upstream and their relation to the blacksmith's tradition? This aims to find out the evidence of ancient metal work and explain the metalworking techniques carried out by the people in the Barito upstream in the past and its relationship to the blacksmith. Data collection in the field is carried out by survey and excavation techniques, with artefactual analysis, mineral nalysis with X-RF (X-Ray Fluorescence), and ethnoarchaeological approaches. This research had result evidence of metalworking activities buren toponymies, raw material, slag, furnace, and tuyere. Ancient metalworking techniques began with the search for iron ore, preparing materials, melting iron ore to separate raw materials and slag, and finally forge iron to be tools. Iron smelting has been abandoned four generations ago. Now, there is a blacksmith who is the final part of metal working.
Keywords: iron, buren, slag, bloomery furnace
Data arkeologi yang berkaitan dengan pengerjaan logam kuna di Kalimantan masih sangat minim, bahkan belum pernah dilakukan penelitian arkeologi secara khusus. Artikel ini membahas bukti pengerjaan logam kuna di hulu DAS Barito (Sungai Montalat dan Sungai Teweh) tentang bagaimana teknik pengerjaan logam kuna yang dilakukan masyarakat di hulu Barito dan hubungannya dengan tradisi pandai besi. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui bukti pengerjaan logam kuna dan menjelaskan teknik pengerjaan logam yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di hulu Barito pada masa lalu dan hubungannya dengan pandai besi. Pengambilan data di lapangan dilakukan dengan teknik survei dan ekskavasi, analisis artefaktual, analisis mineral logam dengan X-RF (X-Ray Fluorescence), dan pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bukti pengerjaan logam berupa toponimi buren yang dikenal masyarakat sebagai lokasi peleburan bijih besi, besi mentah, terak besi, tungku pembakaran, dan pipa udara dari tanah liat. Teknik pengerjaan logam kuna diawali dengan pencarian bahan bijih besi,
Wilayah perairan Nusantara merupakan budaya, ekonomi dan politik sejak beratus tahun yang lalu. P... more Wilayah perairan Nusantara merupakan budaya, ekonomi dan politik sejak beratus tahun yang lalu. Perairan Nusantara berfungsi menjadi penghubung interaksi berbagai etnis, pedagang dan menyebarkan pengaruh satu sama lain. Interaksi itu mewariskan tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi bawah air yang tersebar di perairan Nusantara. Pembahasan ini akan menginformasikan hasil penelitian untuk melihat tinggalan arkeologi bawah air, yaitu kapal karam di perairan Selat Gaspar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bukti-bukti tinggalan arkeologi bawah air berupa kapal karam yang menggunakan bahan kayu dan tembaga, keramik, botol-botol, tulang, meriam, batu pemberat kapal (ballast) pasak, dan beberapa artefak yang belum dapat diidentifikasi.
Abstract. Gelasa Shipwreck Site at Gasper, Bangka Island, Indonesia.
The territorial waters of the archipelago is a cultural, economic and political since hundreds of years ago. Archipelago waters serve as an interaction of various ethnic, traders and spread the influence of each other. Interaction-pass remains underwater archaeological remains scattered in various waters of the Archipelago. This discussion will inform the research to look underwater archaeological remains of the shipwreck in the waters of the Straits of Gaspar. This study produced evidence of archaeological remains of a ship using wood and copper, ceramics, bottles, bones, cannon, ship ballast, pegs and some artifacts that cannot be identified.
Super eruption of Toba in North Sumatra occurred ~73 Kya. This eruption was recorded is one of la... more Super eruption of Toba in North Sumatra occurred ~73 Kya. This eruption was recorded is one of largest eruptions in the Pleistocene period. An Eruption has affected in the climate and enviromental changes in the world at that time. This paper describes the Toba super eruption based on the evidence the exsistence of which is a marker tephra chronology
Trade in the Indonesian archipelago has been there the eastern coastal areas of Sumatra coast bef... more Trade in the Indonesian archipelago has been there the eastern coastal areas of Sumatra coast before the establishment of maritime Srivijaya kingdom. The existence of human life activity obtained from the intensive research conducted in the Palembang Central Archaeological (Balai Arkeologi Palembang) in Air Sugihan and Karangagung Sites. Archaeological finds indicate the site in both the supporting community has interacted with the outside world. This paper will discuss the interaction of what the public do support both the site from the evidence the archaeological remains
Belitung island surrounded by two straits, the Gaspar Strait and the Strait Karimata known by sai... more Belitung island surrounded by two straits, the Gaspar Strait and the Strait Karimata known by sailors as a strait which has many reefs and shoals of sand that can cause the ship sank. Belitung island known as the underwater archaeological sites in the form of ships sank. One of the places is Karang Kijang Site, this paper will discuss the archaeological preliminary survey conducted in this sites, which is expected to increase data Indonesia underwater archeological sites.
Austronesian language speakers migrated to Southeast Asia and Indo-Pacific around 3500 years ago.... more Austronesian language speakers migrated to Southeast Asia and Indo-Pacific around 3500 years ago. Austronesian language speakers left traces of technology and cultures through the remains of artefacts. No exception in the area of South Sumatra also indicates the presence of the artefacts and cultures that characterize the Austronesian language speaking cultures. This paper will discuss the trail Austonesia speakers in South Sumatra through the remains of its culture.
Technological knowledge of the use of metals is inseparable from human knowledge in the processin... more Technological knowledge of the use of metals is inseparable from human knowledge in the processing pyrotechnics of fire as a power in high temperature processes for producing objects. The fire is used for smelting and casting in melting furnaces. Metal smelting furnace is a heat production device, which is used to purify the metal, in this case iron. This paper aims to determine the development of ferrous metal smelting furnace technology in Indonesia with the library research method from the results of previous studies. Based on the results of the analysis, there are four technologies for smelting iron, namely pit kiln, bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace. Of the four technologies, three are in use in Indonesia, namely bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace.
Expedient lithic technology has been described as unchanging and without or very limited presence... more Expedient lithic technology has been described as unchanging and without or very limited presence of formal tool types. However, this premise seems to limit the discussion on technological and behavioural complexity when studying amorphous flake industries. To address this issue, we employed multi-stage use-wear analysis to identify features that are not detectable through macroscopic approach. Our analysis of chert tools from Leang Sarru, North Sulawesi indicated the use of both unmodified flakes and retouched tools for plant processing, and we detected evidence for the manufacture of composite tools. Microscopic wear traces on unretouched flakes show that these were attached to shafts for possible use as hafted tools, but not necessarily as projectiles. Our results suggest that simple flake assemblages can be part of complex tool production and present an alternative view on the seemingly unchanging lithic technology from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. Furthermore, our curr...
Bunga Rampai Mengamit Minat Ragam Hias Nusantara, 2020
Masyarakat Lampung telah menenun kain yang disebut nampan dan kain pelepai sejak abad II M. Kain ... more Masyarakat Lampung telah menenun kain yang disebut nampan dan kain pelepai sejak abad II M. Kain tapis menggunakan teknik kait dan kunci atau key and rhomboid shape. Hiasan-hiasan yang terdapat pada kain tenun Lampung juga memiliki unsur-unsur yang sama dengan ragam hias di daerah lain. Hal ini terlihat dari unsur-unsur pengaruh tradisi prasejarah yang kuat. Motif hias yang sudah ada pada masa prasejarah melalui motif-motif yang ditemukan pada artefak arkeologi yang ditemukan pada benda-benda logam Budaya Dong son memiliki benang merah sejarah ke motif hias pada kain Tapis Lampung. Budaya Dong son pada masa prasejarah telah di serap oleh masyarakat Lampung dan di respresentasikan dalam bentuk yang lain yaitu kain tenun. Transformasi ini membuktikan jika budaya tidak hilang, namun telah berubah dan beradaptasi menjadi budaya benda yang lain yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan jaman.
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology , 2019
This short article report about the new findings of finely made dentate-stamped and lime infilled... more This short article report about the new findings of finely made dentate-stamped and lime infilled potteries from the Goa Topogaro site in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Most of them are red-slipped pottery decorated with dentate-stamped, lime infilled, and can be identified as burial potteries as they are excavated with secondly burials of the Early Metal Age possibly dated around 2000-1800 years ago. When comparing these finds with common decorative patterns seen in early dentate-stamped pottery assemblages in the Philippines, Mariana Islands, and early Lapita sites, the Topogaro dentatestamped pots lack some common early patterns, but exhibit a wider variety of designs. It is now argued that dentate-stamped decorations at Lapita sites mainly disappeared by around 2800 BP or at least by 2000 BP in the Pacific, but the Topogaro dentate-stamped sherds may indicate that this pottery tradition continued and further developed in Island Southeast Asia or Sulawesi at least until the Early Metal Age. The detailed analysis of these new finds and further comparative study on production technique, variety of design, forms, and styles of both dentate-stamped ceramics in Southeast Asia and Oceania is required.
Amerta, Journal of Archaeological Research and Development, 2018
Pulau Sumba sudah lama dikenal dengan tradisi makam megalitiknya yang dijumpai tersebar hampir di... more Pulau Sumba sudah lama dikenal dengan tradisi makam megalitiknya yang dijumpai tersebar hampir di semua area di Sumba. Makam megalitik ini dibangun dari potongan-potongan batuan berukuran besar. Berdasarkan aspek geologi, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mencari tahu asal batuan bahan pembuat makam megalitik dan apa yang menjadi alasan untuk memilih suatu batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Metode yang digunakan meliputi beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama merupakan pendeskripsian sampel di lapangan. Tahap kedua, analisis geologi digunakan untuk memetakan titik-titik observasi dan singkapan batuan di lapangan. Tahap ketiga, variabel hasil pengamatan kemudian dianalisa menggunakan metode Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Empat variabel digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: variabel jarak dari sumber, variabel litologi, variabel tekstur, dan variabel tingkat kekerasan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tekstur batuan merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam memilih jenis batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Jarak dan tingat kekerasan batuannya juga menjadi alasan penting lainnya dalam mengambil bahan material untuk makam megalitik terlepas apapun jenis batunya. Secara geologi bahan batuan berasal dari batugamping Formasi Kaliangga dan batupasir Formasi Kananggar.
Sumba is well known for its megalithic tradition, surviving evidence for which can be observed throughout the island in the form of tombs built from enormous stone slabs. The current study is aimed at identifying the sources of the raw material used to manufacture megalithic tombs and factors underlying the choice of raw material based on geological properties. We report the results of our field observations and geological analyses, including mapping of megalithic tomb sites and geological outcrops. Concerning the latter, field-datasets were analysed using a Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on a sample of 11 megalithic tombs from several different locations, four variables were employed to distinguish the preferred source of the raw material used in tomb construction: 1) distance from the source; 2) lithology; 3) rock texture; and 4) rock hardness. Analytical results indicate that raw material texture was the key factor in the construction of megalithic tombs, followed by distance from source and hardness of the stone selected for making this structures. Finally, we establish that raw materials used for constructing sampled megalithic tomb sites on Sumba included Kaliangga Formation limestone and Kananggar Formation sandstone.
The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution an... more The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution and development of Austronesian ancestors and their culture in Sumba. The method used is survey, excavation, analysis, and interpretation. The results of the research are skeletal findings and urn burial also artifacts which are pottery, beads, metal jewelry, and stone tools. From the dating result it is known that Lambanapu Site was inhabited at least 2.000 years ago and from paleantropology analysis, it is estimated that the individuals found from primary and secondary burial in Lambanapu are a mixture of Mongoloid and Australomelanesoid. Genetic mixing is very possible, given the history of the archipelago's occupation which was filled by several waves of great migration in the past. The Lambanapu site has provided an overview of Sumba's ancestral life in the context of the archipelago. The Lamabanapu research results show us, how Lambanapu and Sumba in general rich with historical and cultural values of the past that are very useful for today's life. The wealth of historical and cultural values is not only for local interests, but also to fill the rich history and culture of the archipelago, and even contribute to global history.
Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian
Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global.
Archaeometallurgy research and data related to ancient metals working in Kalimantan are limited, ... more Archaeometallurgy research and data related to ancient metals working in Kalimantan are limited, even never doing research for archaeometallurgy. This paper will discuss the ancient metalworking traces in the upper Barito watershed (Montalat River and Teweh River), and how are the ancient metalworking techniques carried out by the people in the Barito upstream and their relation to the blacksmith's tradition? This aims to find out the evidence of ancient metal work and explain the metalworking techniques carried out by the people in the Barito upstream in the past and its relationship to the blacksmith. Data collection in the field is carried out by survey and excavation techniques, with artefactual analysis, mineral nalysis with X-RF (X-Ray Fluorescence), and ethnoarchaeological approaches. This research had result evidence of metalworking activities buren toponymies, raw material, slag, furnace, and tuyere. Ancient metalworking techniques began with the search for iron ore, preparing materials, melting iron ore to separate raw materials and slag, and finally forge iron to be tools. Iron smelting has been abandoned four generations ago. Now, there is a blacksmith who is the final part of metal working.
Keywords: iron, buren, slag, bloomery furnace
Data arkeologi yang berkaitan dengan pengerjaan logam kuna di Kalimantan masih sangat minim, bahkan belum pernah dilakukan penelitian arkeologi secara khusus. Artikel ini membahas bukti pengerjaan logam kuna di hulu DAS Barito (Sungai Montalat dan Sungai Teweh) tentang bagaimana teknik pengerjaan logam kuna yang dilakukan masyarakat di hulu Barito dan hubungannya dengan tradisi pandai besi. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui bukti pengerjaan logam kuna dan menjelaskan teknik pengerjaan logam yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di hulu Barito pada masa lalu dan hubungannya dengan pandai besi. Pengambilan data di lapangan dilakukan dengan teknik survei dan ekskavasi, analisis artefaktual, analisis mineral logam dengan X-RF (X-Ray Fluorescence), dan pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bukti pengerjaan logam berupa toponimi buren yang dikenal masyarakat sebagai lokasi peleburan bijih besi, besi mentah, terak besi, tungku pembakaran, dan pipa udara dari tanah liat. Teknik pengerjaan logam kuna diawali dengan pencarian bahan bijih besi,
Wilayah perairan Nusantara merupakan budaya, ekonomi dan politik sejak beratus tahun yang lalu. P... more Wilayah perairan Nusantara merupakan budaya, ekonomi dan politik sejak beratus tahun yang lalu. Perairan Nusantara berfungsi menjadi penghubung interaksi berbagai etnis, pedagang dan menyebarkan pengaruh satu sama lain. Interaksi itu mewariskan tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi bawah air yang tersebar di perairan Nusantara. Pembahasan ini akan menginformasikan hasil penelitian untuk melihat tinggalan arkeologi bawah air, yaitu kapal karam di perairan Selat Gaspar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bukti-bukti tinggalan arkeologi bawah air berupa kapal karam yang menggunakan bahan kayu dan tembaga, keramik, botol-botol, tulang, meriam, batu pemberat kapal (ballast) pasak, dan beberapa artefak yang belum dapat diidentifikasi.
Abstract. Gelasa Shipwreck Site at Gasper, Bangka Island, Indonesia.
The territorial waters of the archipelago is a cultural, economic and political since hundreds of years ago. Archipelago waters serve as an interaction of various ethnic, traders and spread the influence of each other. Interaction-pass remains underwater archaeological remains scattered in various waters of the Archipelago. This discussion will inform the research to look underwater archaeological remains of the shipwreck in the waters of the Straits of Gaspar. This study produced evidence of archaeological remains of a ship using wood and copper, ceramics, bottles, bones, cannon, ship ballast, pegs and some artifacts that cannot be identified.
Super eruption of Toba in North Sumatra occurred ~73 Kya. This eruption was recorded is one of la... more Super eruption of Toba in North Sumatra occurred ~73 Kya. This eruption was recorded is one of largest eruptions in the Pleistocene period. An Eruption has affected in the climate and enviromental changes in the world at that time. This paper describes the Toba super eruption based on the evidence the exsistence of which is a marker tephra chronology
Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, dan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), 2021
Pesatnya pembangunan fisik kota di Pulau Sumatera berdampak besar pada perkembangan kota. Kota-ko... more Pesatnya pembangunan fisik kota di Pulau Sumatera berdampak besar pada perkembangan kota. Kota-kota yang ada di Pulau Sumatera lahir, tumbuh dan berkembang dari berbagai periode waktu. Hasil penelitian-penelitian arkeologi menunjukkan jika beberapa kota di Sumatera berkembang jauh sebelum kehadiran orang-orang Eropa. Namun pesatnya perkembangan kota di Pulau Sumatera pada saat ini membuat banyak tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi yang menjadi bagian dari kota hancur ataupun rusak. Tulisan ini memfokuskan bagaimana membangun kota tanpa melupakan dan menghancurkan tinggalan arkeologi sehingga pembangunan fisik tidak meninggalkan sejarah jati diri kota tersebut.
PLoS ONE 13(6):e0198689. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198689 [hide] [edit]
The Austronesian language is spread from Madagascar in the west, Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) in ... more The Austronesian language is spread from Madagascar in the west, Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) in the east (e.g. the Philippines and Indonesian archipelagoes) and throughout the Pacific, as far east as Easter Island. While it seems clear that the remote ancestors of Aus-tronesian speakers originated in Southern China, and migrated to Taiwan with the development of rice farming by c. 5500 BP and onto the northern Philippines by c. 4000 BP (the Austronesian Dispersal Hypothesis or ADH), we know very little about the origins and emergence of Austronesian speakers in the Indonesian Archipelago. Using a combination of cra-nial morphometric and ancient mtDNA analyses on a new dataset from Gua Hairmau, that spans the pre-Neolithic through to Metal Period (5712—5591cal BP to 1864—1719 cal BP), we rigorously test the validity of the ADH in ISEA. A morphometric analysis of 23 adult male crania, using 16 of Martin's standard measurements, was carried out with results compared to an East and Southeast Asian dataset of 30 sample populations spanning the Late Pleisto-cene through to Metal Period, in addition to 39 modern samples from East and Southeast Asia, near Oceania and Australia. Further, 20 samples were analyzed for ancient mtDNA and assigned to identified haplogroups. We demonstrate that the archaeological human remains from Gua Harimau cave, Sumatra, Indonesia provide clear evidence for at least two (cranio-morphometrically defined) and perhaps even three (in the context of the ancient mtDNA results) distinct populations from two separate time periods. The results of these analyses provide substantive support for the ADH model in explaining the origins and population history of ISEA peoples.
Kebijakan Publik Berbasis Peradaban dalam Mewujudkan Rumah Indonesia, 2020
Analisis metalografi saat persiapan di laboratorium memerlukan beberapa tahap persiapan sebelum d... more Analisis metalografi saat persiapan di laboratorium memerlukan beberapa tahap persiapan sebelum dapat dianalisis di bawah mikroskop. Tahap yang harus dilalui salah satunya adalah pembuatan cetakan resin pada sampel logam. Untuk membuat cetakan resin di perlukan takaran yang tepat agar resin pada cetakan menjadi keras sehingga dapat dilanjutkan ke tahap selanjutnya, yaitu pemolesan resin blok yang berisi sampel yang akan dianalisis di mesin poles (polishing machine). Tujuan agar sampel dapat menjadi rata dan terlihat jelas di mikroskop, tulisan ini merupakan eksperimen yang penulis lakukan saat menjadi mahasiswa master di Museum national d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris saat membuat cetakan resin polyster pada sampel logam kuno Gua Harimau, Sumatera Selatan. Gua Harimau adalah situs kubur terbanyak dan terlengkap dari masa prasejarah di Indonesia dan telah memberikan pandangan baru tentang situs kubur neolitik di Indonesia. Gua Harimau juga memiliki temuan lukisan dinding gua (rock art) dimana temuan ini mematahkan anggapan lama di kalangan arkeolog yang menganggap wilayah barat Indonesia tidak tersentuh budaya lukisan dinding gua. Kata kunci: resin polyster, cetakan, metalografi, eksperimen, Gua Harimau
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Sumba is well known for its megalithic tradition, surviving evidence for which can be observed throughout the island in the form of tombs built from enormous stone slabs. The current study is aimed at identifying the sources of the raw material used to manufacture megalithic tombs and factors underlying the choice of raw material based on geological properties. We report the results of our field observations and geological analyses, including mapping of megalithic tomb sites and geological outcrops. Concerning the latter, field-datasets were analysed using a Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on a sample of 11 megalithic tombs from several different locations, four variables were employed to distinguish the preferred source of the raw material used in tomb construction: 1) distance from the source; 2) lithology; 3) rock texture; and 4) rock hardness. Analytical results indicate that raw material texture was the key factor in the construction of megalithic tombs, followed by distance from source and hardness of the stone selected for making this structures. Finally, we establish that raw materials used for constructing sampled megalithic tomb sites on Sumba included Kaliangga Formation limestone and Kananggar Formation sandstone.
Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian
Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global.
Kata kunci : Lambanapu, prasejarah, Austronesia
Keywords: iron, buren, slag, bloomery furnace
Data arkeologi yang berkaitan dengan pengerjaan logam kuna di Kalimantan masih sangat minim, bahkan belum pernah dilakukan penelitian arkeologi secara khusus. Artikel ini membahas bukti pengerjaan logam kuna di hulu DAS Barito (Sungai Montalat dan Sungai Teweh) tentang bagaimana teknik pengerjaan logam kuna yang dilakukan masyarakat di hulu Barito dan hubungannya dengan tradisi pandai besi. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui bukti pengerjaan logam kuna dan menjelaskan teknik pengerjaan logam yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di hulu Barito pada masa lalu dan hubungannya dengan pandai besi. Pengambilan data di lapangan dilakukan dengan teknik survei dan ekskavasi, analisis artefaktual, analisis mineral logam dengan X-RF (X-Ray Fluorescence), dan pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bukti pengerjaan logam berupa toponimi buren yang dikenal masyarakat sebagai lokasi peleburan bijih besi, besi mentah, terak besi, tungku pembakaran, dan pipa udara dari tanah liat. Teknik pengerjaan logam kuna diawali dengan pencarian bahan bijih besi,
Abstract. Gelasa Shipwreck Site at Gasper, Bangka Island, Indonesia.
The territorial waters of the archipelago is a cultural, economic and political since hundreds of years ago. Archipelago waters serve as an interaction of various ethnic, traders and spread the influence of each other. Interaction-pass remains underwater archaeological remains scattered in various waters of the Archipelago. This discussion will inform the research to look underwater archaeological remains of the shipwreck in the waters of the Straits of Gaspar. This study produced evidence of archaeological remains of a ship using wood and copper, ceramics, bottles, bones, cannon, ship ballast, pegs and some artifacts that cannot be identified.
Sumba is well known for its megalithic tradition, surviving evidence for which can be observed throughout the island in the form of tombs built from enormous stone slabs. The current study is aimed at identifying the sources of the raw material used to manufacture megalithic tombs and factors underlying the choice of raw material based on geological properties. We report the results of our field observations and geological analyses, including mapping of megalithic tomb sites and geological outcrops. Concerning the latter, field-datasets were analysed using a Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on a sample of 11 megalithic tombs from several different locations, four variables were employed to distinguish the preferred source of the raw material used in tomb construction: 1) distance from the source; 2) lithology; 3) rock texture; and 4) rock hardness. Analytical results indicate that raw material texture was the key factor in the construction of megalithic tombs, followed by distance from source and hardness of the stone selected for making this structures. Finally, we establish that raw materials used for constructing sampled megalithic tomb sites on Sumba included Kaliangga Formation limestone and Kananggar Formation sandstone.
Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian
Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global.
Kata kunci : Lambanapu, prasejarah, Austronesia
Keywords: iron, buren, slag, bloomery furnace
Data arkeologi yang berkaitan dengan pengerjaan logam kuna di Kalimantan masih sangat minim, bahkan belum pernah dilakukan penelitian arkeologi secara khusus. Artikel ini membahas bukti pengerjaan logam kuna di hulu DAS Barito (Sungai Montalat dan Sungai Teweh) tentang bagaimana teknik pengerjaan logam kuna yang dilakukan masyarakat di hulu Barito dan hubungannya dengan tradisi pandai besi. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui bukti pengerjaan logam kuna dan menjelaskan teknik pengerjaan logam yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di hulu Barito pada masa lalu dan hubungannya dengan pandai besi. Pengambilan data di lapangan dilakukan dengan teknik survei dan ekskavasi, analisis artefaktual, analisis mineral logam dengan X-RF (X-Ray Fluorescence), dan pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bukti pengerjaan logam berupa toponimi buren yang dikenal masyarakat sebagai lokasi peleburan bijih besi, besi mentah, terak besi, tungku pembakaran, dan pipa udara dari tanah liat. Teknik pengerjaan logam kuna diawali dengan pencarian bahan bijih besi,
Abstract. Gelasa Shipwreck Site at Gasper, Bangka Island, Indonesia.
The territorial waters of the archipelago is a cultural, economic and political since hundreds of years ago. Archipelago waters serve as an interaction of various ethnic, traders and spread the influence of each other. Interaction-pass remains underwater archaeological remains scattered in various waters of the Archipelago. This discussion will inform the research to look underwater archaeological remains of the shipwreck in the waters of the Straits of Gaspar. This study produced evidence of archaeological remains of a ship using wood and copper, ceramics, bottles, bones, cannon, ship ballast, pegs and some artifacts that cannot be identified.
Kata kunci: resin polyster, cetakan, metalografi, eksperimen, Gua Harimau