Papers by Mauricio V Daker
History of Psychiatry, 2023
A traditional view in psychiatry is that personality disorders or traits are intimately related t... more A traditional view in psychiatry is that personality disorders or traits are intimately related to primary mental disorders. Psychic functions with common roots might be constitutive of personality and psychosis or other disorders. Hoche held that paranoia, mania and melancholia lie in the normal psyche, and Kraepelin conceded such a view, explicitly implying personality. According to Carl Schneider, endogenous symptom
complexes or associations and normal functional associations are fuzzy. Many other psychopathologists emphasize personality characteristics in connection with endogenous or functional psychoses, such as the
sensitive and melancholic types. When adopting a continuum view of mental disorders, they behave in a unitary or systemic configuration, corresponding to endogenous-functional dispositions interacting with the
milieu and composing personality.
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Introduction and summary in English and Portuguese of "The Continuum of Mental Disorders and Unitary Psychosis: History and Perspectives.", 2021
Sumary in English and Portuguese of the book "The Continuum of Mental Disorders and Unitary Psych... more Sumary in English and Portuguese of the book "The Continuum of Mental Disorders and Unitary Psychosis: History and Perspectives."
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International Medical Humanities Review - MEDICA REVIEW, 2021
The International Journal of Medical Humanities – Medica Review – starts a new publication sectio... more The International Journal of Medical Humanities – Medica Review – starts a new publication section. It comprises interviews with personalities from the academic and professional worlds of medical sciences and the humanities. To begin this new section, we invited the psychiatrist Mauricio Viotti Daker.
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Dormir/Sleep, 2021
We sleep for about a third of our lives. It is something we do in addition to work and other acti... more We sleep for about a third of our lives. It is something we do in addition to work and other activities. The impression remains that sleep is simply inactivity of the body, a simple rest. However, studies in recent decades have shown that sleep is very active and involved in numerous benefits for physical and mental health. Chronobiology, a field closely related to sleep medicine, helps us understand the relevance of the subject. The article considers the sleep stages and how polysomnography objectively accesses them and other parameters. The sleep architecture is described. Emphasis is given to sleep apnea, its repercussions on overall health, and CPAP treatment. Sleep hygiene, as a method for providing good sleep, and pharmacological treatment, especially for insomnia, are discussed. There is no doubt that we must sleep and sleep well.
Keywords: sleep; chronobiology; polysomnography; sleep architecture; sleep hygiene.
Dormimos cerca de um terço de nossas vidas. É algo que fazemos além do trabalho e de outras tantas atividades. Resta a impressão de que dormir seria uma inatividade do organismo, simples repouso. Estudos das últimas décadas, no entanto, demonstraram que o sono é bastante ativo e envolvido em inúmeros benefícios para a saúde física e mental. A cronobiologia, campo intimamente relacionado à medicina do sono, auxilia-nos a compreender a relevância do tema. O artigo aborda as fases do sono e como a polissonografia as acessa objetivamente e a outros parâmetros. A arquitetura do sono é descrita. Ênfase é dada à apneia do sono, a suas repercussões para a saúde em geral e ao tratamento com CPAP. A higiene do sono, enquanto método para um bom sono, e o tratamento farmacológico, em especial para a insônia, são abordados. Não restam dúvidas quanto a termos que dormir, e bem. Palavras-chave: sono; cronobiologia; polissonografia; arquitetura do sono; higiene do sono.
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The Continuum of Mental Disorders and Unitary Psychosis: History and Perspectives, 2021
This book presents a thorough investigation of Griesinger, Kahlbaum, and Kraepelin’s foundation... more This book presents a thorough investigation of Griesinger, Kahlbaum, and Kraepelin’s foundational works in psychiatry. It offers an admirable opportunity to understand their achievements and thoughts, and its historical character makes it accessible to a wide range of readers interested in mental health. The analysis of continuities and discontinuities in their described mental disorders illuminates the current classification and diagnosis debate in psychiatry. This analysis comprises etiologic explanations and methodological grounds for each author’s classification. Implying an interrelation among the disorders, the unitary psychosis allows or demands a comprehensive mental disorder view, which includes the person. In this respect, other psychopathologists are also investigated in this book, and process philosophy is introduced, suggesting a fertile framework for psychopathology. According to German Berrios in his Preface, the book offers a new perspective on the nature and meaning of the concept of unitary psychosis.
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Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 2019
The discovery of antipsychotics and antidepressants occurred when psychodynamic and phenomenologi... more The discovery of antipsychotics and antidepressants occurred when psychodynamic and phenomenological–anthropological approaches prevailed in psychiatry. Roland Kuhn personified that time as being one of the founders of Daseinsanalyse and also the discoverer of
imipramine. Influenced by Binswanger and Scheler, Kuhn worked with the concept of “vital depressive disposition,” while emphasizing the preeminence of psychopathology over statistic methods (Kuhn, 1996). Consequently, he could not be satisfied with what he foresaw as “clouds of a coming disaster” ...
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Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea, 2019
Dimensional psychopathology and process philosophy form together a potentially fruitful research ... more Dimensional psychopathology and process philosophy form together a potentially fruitful research field in psychiatry and philosophy. The continuum of mental disorders and the tradition of unitary psychosis might profit from process metaphysics, which emphasizes flowing processes in a creative nature that comprises consciousness. Seeing dimensions through the lens of process philosophy means that there are internal relations among psychopathological manifestations, that is, they are not detachable, isolated things and do not simply present themselves randomly side by side. Electromagnetism and quantum physics show a dematerialized nature in which vibrations, forces or energies act flowingly at the basis of reality: matter would be derivative or moments in a process. Psychiatric syndromes can be considered moments in a process as well. Nature is more vivid, loaded with a panexperientialism or pansubjectivism, making it less problematic, or rather a misplaced question, the riddle of how the mind arises from objects.
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History of Psychiatry, 2019
Kahlbaum’s seminal approach to symptom complexes, as opposed to disease entities, is still releva... more Kahlbaum’s seminal approach to symptom complexes, as opposed to disease entities, is still relevant. Many psychopathologists have approached mental symptom complexes without prejudging them as necessary physical deficits or diseases, favouring a broader dimensional and anthropological view of mental disorders. Discussions of symptom complexes gained prominence in psychiatry in the early twentieth century – through Hoche – and in the period leading up to World War II – through Carl Schneider. Their works, alongside those of Kraepelin, Bumke, Kehrer, Jaspers and others, are reviewed in relation to the theme of symptom complexes, the mind, and mental disorders. A particular feature of symptom complexes is their relationship to aspects of the normal mind and how this affects clinical manifestations. It is further suggested that symptom complexes might offer a useful bridge between the psychic and the biological in theories of the mind.
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Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2018
Many psychopathologists have approached symptom complexes without prejudging them as physical def... more Many psychopathologists have approached symptom complexes without prejudging them as physical deficits or diseases, an approach suitable to connections with normal mind, to a broad dimensional and anthropological view of mental disorders. It contrasts with the prevailing orientation in psychiatry toward the medical model of delimited
diseases. Discussions of this order centered on symptom complexes gained special prominence in psychiatry between the early 20th century through Alfred Hoche and World War II through Carl Schneider. Their works, in addition to the work of other authors of that period, are considered. The late Kraepelin conceded the possibility that affective and schizophrenicmanifestations do not represent disease processes but rather represent areas of human personality. Seeing mind or persons is a paradigmatic different perspective than seeing diseases. Re-emerge in this comprehensive or integrationist context the notion of unitary psychosis and philosophical questions as the mind-body problem; as background there was a process metaphysics. The possibility of human
experience in a phenomenological sense is considered, and a matrix of symptom or function complexes is related to it. Examples of past unitary models of mental disorders with their neurophysiologic explanations are given, as well as an analogy to current biological aspects of the endogenous in chronobiology. The question or hypothesis arises whether mental symptom complexes are manifestations of mind constituents or functions that make human experience and mind possible. The present work is a conceptual analysis that indicates a positive answer to this question. The expectation is to emphasize the perspectives of investigation in psychopathology and sciences of mind
fostered by this view of symptom complexes.
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Revista Brasileira de Neurologia, 2020
Augusto dos Anjos (1884-1914) is one of the most original Brazilian poets of the twentieth centur... more Augusto dos Anjos (1884-1914) is one of the most original Brazilian poets of the twentieth century. He does not belong to a strict literary style and his poetry is marked by the use of scientific terms, by the existential suffering and by metaphysical questions. The personality of Augusto dos Anjos is described as melancholic and tormented, and he was known as "Doctor Sadness". He also had migraine. This paper reviews the biography of Augusto dos Anjos and investigates how his poetry echoes his psychopathological traits. We analyze the relations between creative genius and mental disorders. We also discuss the relations between migraine and psycho-pathology. RESUMO Augusto dos Anjos (1884-1914) é uma das vozes mais singu-lares da poesia brasileira do século XX. Sem nítida afiliação a uma escola literária específica, seus versos são marcados pelo léxico científico, pela inquietação metafísica e pelo so-frimento existencial. Observações biográficas relatam que o poeta tinha uma personalidade melancólica e angustiada, que lhe valeu a alcunha de "Doutor Tristeza". O autor tam-bém sofria de migrânea. Este trabalho revisita a biografia e a obra de Augusto dos Anjos, analisando como sua poesia repercute seus possíveis traços psicopatológicos, e discute sobre as relações entre gênio criativo e transtorno mental, além das relações entre migrânea e psicopatologia.
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História, Ciências, Saúde - Manguinhos, 2018
Augusto dos Anjos, from Paraíba, Brazil, occupies a singular place in Brazilian literature, defyi... more Augusto dos Anjos, from Paraíba, Brazil, occupies a singular place in Brazilian literature, defying alignment with any one literary style. His poetry is marked by anguished verse, by existential dimensions
and a vocabulary replete with scientific terms. His work is of great interest to neuropsychiatry, not just for the abundance
of related terms, but also because it reflects conceptions from neuroscience at the turn of the twentieth century. This study focuses on
his literary output from a dual perspective: by identifying how his poetry reflects the organicist tendency in psychiatry at the time, as generally personified in the figure of Emil Kraepelin, and by exploring the ideological content of the work, like the Darwinist perspective and the tension between dualism and materialistic monism.
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Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, Sep 1, 2016
Chronic mania is an under-investigated condition and few reports have associated this disorder wi... more Chronic mania is an under-investigated condition and few reports have associated this disorder with an organic background. The present work examines Kraepelin’s reliable description of chronic mania from a current behavioral neurology viewpoint. Kraepelin had described a cluster of symptoms that are now recognized as core manifestations of the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) clinical phenotype. We also carried out additional reviews of original manuscripts from Kraepelin’s peers, in order to find any case reports that might fulfill the current diagnostic proposal for bvFTD. Even though we failed to find an ideal case, we found some scholars who seemed to agree that chronic mania should be considered a special form of dementia. The present work highlights, through historical data, the possible overlapping features between primary psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms secondary to neurodegenerative conditions.
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Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea, 2014
The concept of process as Jaspers, especially the psychic process, is evaluated for its validity ... more The concept of process as Jaspers, especially the psychic process, is evaluated for its validity in current psychiatry. After the definition of the concept, researches on the evolution of schizophrenia are reviewed. Then the concept of psychic process, the evolutions of schizophrenia and the concept of schizophrenia itself are evaluated jointly. The psychic process is a limit concept, a guiding idea for the diagnosis and that should not be dogmatic. Given the difficulty of defining schizophrenia itself, it does not seem to be a dated concept, so as many other concepts in the rich history of ideas of psychiatry. Used as a limit concept it can continue to guide us in front of particular cases of psychosis. The difficulty in defining the concept of psychic process is due to its intermediate location in the mind-body dichotomy and the validity of its concept corresponds to the validity of psychiatry itself.
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Dialética: psiquiatria, ciência e experiência clínica. Revista do Centro de Estudos Galba Velloso - CEGV Edição histórico-comemorativa dos 50 anos de fundação do CEGV, 2014
A psicopatologia é uma ciência dedicada às manifestações mentais anormais, que recorre a vários c... more A psicopatologia é uma ciência dedicada às manifestações mentais anormais, que recorre a vários campos de conhecimento em meio a orientações epistemológicas diversas. O autor que mais se destacou na difícil tarefa de procurar uma orientação epistemológica adequada para a
psicopatologia foi certamente Karl Jaspers, de atualidade ainda admirável. Exemplificaremos a riqueza conceitual da psicopatologia com a teoria dos complexos de sintomas, de longa tradição em psiquiatria e que foi contemplada também por Jaspers. Suscita abordagem
contemporânea, clínica e científica, à pessoa.
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Dialética: psiquiatria, ciência e experiência clínica. Revista do Centro de Estudos Galba Velloso - CEGV Edição histórico-comemorativa dos 50 anos de fundação do CEGV., 2014
Jaspers acompanhou o desapontamento das promessas da psiquiatria biológica ao tentar reduzir as d... more Jaspers acompanhou o desapontamento das promessas da psiquiatria biológica ao tentar reduzir as doenças mentais ao estudo neuroanatômico (Broome, 2013). Em sua obra, Jaspers reafirma o compromisso da Psiquiatria com a totalidade do homem a partir do pluralismo teórico e da reflexão metodológica.
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Psiquiatria Biiológica, 1998
Initially, the author analyses historical aspects concerning the relationship between endogenous ... more Initially, the author analyses historical aspects concerning the relationship between endogenous and exogenous, beginning from the concept of the unitary psychosis up to the Kraepelinean purer endogenous clinical pictures. A reflection about this matter facilitates a better understanding of the transition syndrome. The description of the transition syndrome follows the original works of Wieck, who gave its name. It consists of an organic and reversible mental disorder without a reduced clarity of consciousness, which manifestations are mostly endogenous-like, as affective, hallucinatory, paranoid, and paranoid-hallucinatory. Its position in the nowadays diagnostic manuals is presented.
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Temas, 1994
The author presents a brief study about the puzzling field of classification in psychiatry. Perti... more The author presents a brief study about the puzzling field of classification in psychiatry. Pertinent historical and current aspects are considered, such as the concepts of continuity of the psychoses, of exogenous, endogenous and functional, of ideal types and of diagnostic criteria. The psychodinamic and the antipsychiatric approach are mentioned. A short history of the DSM with the evolution of the criteriological diagnosis, a progress not exempt of critic, is presented. Considerations about the mental disorders parallel to that of the established systems of classification, comprising ideal types and systemic or unitary views, are made.
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Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria Biológica - ABPB, 2012
Quem esteve presente naqueles primórdios da Psiquiatria Biológica brasileira, no inicio dos anos ... more Quem esteve presente naqueles primórdios da Psiquiatria Biológica brasileira, no inicio dos anos 80, não poderia imaginar, por mais otimista, que "psiquiatria biológica" se tornaria praticamente um termo redundante, pois a psiquiatria como um todo se tornou de orientação biológica. É o que indicam as evidências, uma das principais delas o fato de que a "Molecular Psychiatry" é, de longe, a revista de maior impacto em Psiquiatria atualmente. Os trabalhos das principais revistas de psiquiatria são voltados às ciências básicas ou às ditas ciências hard, núcleo sólido das ciências naturais (outrora filosofia natural). Tudo isso é magnífico para a psicopatologia experimental e empírica. Porém, aqui e ali aflora questão agudizada já à época do Methodenstreit ou da disputa entre as ciências naturais e as humanas/culturais, com as quais Jaspers lidava: essa orientação das ciências hard basta à psiquiatria? Muitos afirmarão categoricamente que sim, que é o único caminho para o conhecimento em psicopatologia. Outros responderão igualmente, mas acrescentarão que isso se dará no futuro, sendo que, por motivos práticos, ainda precisamos da velha psicopatologia originária da clínica e com boa dose especulativo-intuitiva, teórica e até filosófica. Afinal, a psiquiatria é a especialidade médica que menos se apoia em evidências no seu propósito de cuidar dos pacientes. Ainda não dispomos de marcadores biológicos, de fórmulas ou algoritmos plenamente válidos para a maioria dos casos que encontramos na clínica. Portanto, falta muito a investigar cientificamente (hard) para que possamos finalmente prescindir daquela psicopatologia descritiva e teórica (soft). Outros dirão, ainda, que esse futuro é muito distante e inatingível, de modo que o afã de tudo explicar nos moldes das ciências naturais não passaria, na prática, de um ideal. Uma orientação frutífera, porém inatingível. Há ainda os que pensam no problema para além de uma questão prática. Para estes, a questão é de princípio. Estaríamos lidando, para sempre, com coisas diferentes. Tudo bem que uma influa na outra, ou que uma torne a outra possível, mas seriam dimensões diferentes: a natural e a humana. Seja como for, interessa-nos aqui saber a respeito da relevância da psicopatologia tradicional, notadamente de teor descritivo e conceitual (em diante designada simplesmente de psicopatologia), na psiquiatria atual. Nesse sentido, é digno de nota que a própria World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry-WFSBP elaborou recentemente consenso a respeito, intitulado Psychopathology in the 21st Century
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Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Fundamental, 2012
Nobre de Melo lived a time when conceptual and philosophical aspects
markedly enriched psychiatry... more Nobre de Melo lived a time when conceptual and philosophical aspects
markedly enriched psychiatry, showing a special regard for phenomenology and existential analysis. He is the author of the treatise "Psychiatry", with about a thousand pages, among them nearly three hundred on the conceptual foundations of psychology, psychopathology and psychiatry. We make introductory readings on the topic "Science and Philosophy" and the chapter "Phenomenology and Existential Analysis in Psychopathology”. In this chapter will be focused the ideas of Husserl and Heidegger, as well as considered the concepts of understanding and explaining, and mentioned the phenomenological methods in psychiatry.
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Casos clínicos em psiquiatria / Clinical cases in psychiatry, 2011
Male patient, 81 years, referred by Geriatry to Geriatric Psychiatry by presenting
agitation, a... more Male patient, 81 years, referred by Geriatry to Geriatric Psychiatry by presenting
agitation, aggression and delusions. Initial evaluation raises doubts about the characteristics of delusions of grandeur and its differentiation from pseudologia fantastica or vain mythomania. He presents narcissistic personality traits. It is also discussed the possibility of confabulations. Expansive hyperthymia in the past and present, but the changes of the imagination does not always depend on the expansion of humor. The patient claims to be the owner of "REFER", a term related to Rede Ferroviária (network rail), where he worked, to have had several careers, and to own several buildings of great value. He exalts himself with relatives when challenged. He reported to be an aircraft commander and to have helped pilots on a trip, as well as to have received a commendation from the Order of Lawyers. In a psychodynamic point of view, he remains trough his beliefs as self-sufficient and authoritative provider of the family. There are reports of forgetfulness since 2008 and worsening of spatial orientation. Informants deny progressive deterioration in memory deficit (confirmed by follow-up with Mini-Mental), but the functional loss appeared to be progressive: he can’t turn on the television or use the phone. Today he is total dependent on instrumental activities of daily living - ADL (employed Lawton-Brody Scale) and partially dependent for basic ADL (employed Katz Index). He presents apraxia, as some difficulty buttoning his shirt. Neuropsychological tests indicate dementia, as well as the imaging studies (mixed dementia). Remaining laboratory findings do not justify the neuropsychiatric condition. The diagnostic hypotheses are of mixed dementia, late paraphrenia or delusional disorder - content of grandeur (delusions were not bizarre and there were no changes in sensory perception, hence it was excluded schizophrenia), also late bipolar disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. There remains the question whether changes of the imagination, at least in the initial stage, would correspond to pseudologia fantastica, and to what extent this would be associated with delusions of grandeur in this case. From the standpoint of general practice, there are also diagnostic impressions of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, kidney stones, pangastritis, CKD class 2 (mild), hypovitaminosis B12 (with regular replacement) and hypertensive hypertrophic cardiopathy with preserved systolic function. Several prescriptions are mentioned, and the introduction of galantamine. It follows discussion, which includes the possibility that hypomanic patients act as opposed to what happens in depressive pseudodementia, namely with a deceptive performance or hypomanic pseudohealthiness, which can in initial dementias undesirably delay specific treatment and the use of anticholinesterasic agent.
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Papers by Mauricio V Daker
complexes or associations and normal functional associations are fuzzy. Many other psychopathologists emphasize personality characteristics in connection with endogenous or functional psychoses, such as the
sensitive and melancholic types. When adopting a continuum view of mental disorders, they behave in a unitary or systemic configuration, corresponding to endogenous-functional dispositions interacting with the
milieu and composing personality.
Keywords: sleep; chronobiology; polysomnography; sleep architecture; sleep hygiene.
Dormimos cerca de um terço de nossas vidas. É algo que fazemos além do trabalho e de outras tantas atividades. Resta a impressão de que dormir seria uma inatividade do organismo, simples repouso. Estudos das últimas décadas, no entanto, demonstraram que o sono é bastante ativo e envolvido em inúmeros benefícios para a saúde física e mental. A cronobiologia, campo intimamente relacionado à medicina do sono, auxilia-nos a compreender a relevância do tema. O artigo aborda as fases do sono e como a polissonografia as acessa objetivamente e a outros parâmetros. A arquitetura do sono é descrita. Ênfase é dada à apneia do sono, a suas repercussões para a saúde em geral e ao tratamento com CPAP. A higiene do sono, enquanto método para um bom sono, e o tratamento farmacológico, em especial para a insônia, são abordados. Não restam dúvidas quanto a termos que dormir, e bem. Palavras-chave: sono; cronobiologia; polissonografia; arquitetura do sono; higiene do sono.
https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-7282-9
imipramine. Influenced by Binswanger and Scheler, Kuhn worked with the concept of “vital depressive disposition,” while emphasizing the preeminence of psychopathology over statistic methods (Kuhn, 1996). Consequently, he could not be satisfied with what he foresaw as “clouds of a coming disaster” ...
diseases. Discussions of this order centered on symptom complexes gained special prominence in psychiatry between the early 20th century through Alfred Hoche and World War II through Carl Schneider. Their works, in addition to the work of other authors of that period, are considered. The late Kraepelin conceded the possibility that affective and schizophrenicmanifestations do not represent disease processes but rather represent areas of human personality. Seeing mind or persons is a paradigmatic different perspective than seeing diseases. Re-emerge in this comprehensive or integrationist context the notion of unitary psychosis and philosophical questions as the mind-body problem; as background there was a process metaphysics. The possibility of human
experience in a phenomenological sense is considered, and a matrix of symptom or function complexes is related to it. Examples of past unitary models of mental disorders with their neurophysiologic explanations are given, as well as an analogy to current biological aspects of the endogenous in chronobiology. The question or hypothesis arises whether mental symptom complexes are manifestations of mind constituents or functions that make human experience and mind possible. The present work is a conceptual analysis that indicates a positive answer to this question. The expectation is to emphasize the perspectives of investigation in psychopathology and sciences of mind
fostered by this view of symptom complexes.
and a vocabulary replete with scientific terms. His work is of great interest to neuropsychiatry, not just for the abundance
of related terms, but also because it reflects conceptions from neuroscience at the turn of the twentieth century. This study focuses on
his literary output from a dual perspective: by identifying how his poetry reflects the organicist tendency in psychiatry at the time, as generally personified in the figure of Emil Kraepelin, and by exploring the ideological content of the work, like the Darwinist perspective and the tension between dualism and materialistic monism.
psicopatologia foi certamente Karl Jaspers, de atualidade ainda admirável. Exemplificaremos a riqueza conceitual da psicopatologia com a teoria dos complexos de sintomas, de longa tradição em psiquiatria e que foi contemplada também por Jaspers. Suscita abordagem
contemporânea, clínica e científica, à pessoa.
markedly enriched psychiatry, showing a special regard for phenomenology and existential analysis. He is the author of the treatise "Psychiatry", with about a thousand pages, among them nearly three hundred on the conceptual foundations of psychology, psychopathology and psychiatry. We make introductory readings on the topic "Science and Philosophy" and the chapter "Phenomenology and Existential Analysis in Psychopathology”. In this chapter will be focused the ideas of Husserl and Heidegger, as well as considered the concepts of understanding and explaining, and mentioned the phenomenological methods in psychiatry.
agitation, aggression and delusions. Initial evaluation raises doubts about the characteristics of delusions of grandeur and its differentiation from pseudologia fantastica or vain mythomania. He presents narcissistic personality traits. It is also discussed the possibility of confabulations. Expansive hyperthymia in the past and present, but the changes of the imagination does not always depend on the expansion of humor. The patient claims to be the owner of "REFER", a term related to Rede Ferroviária (network rail), where he worked, to have had several careers, and to own several buildings of great value. He exalts himself with relatives when challenged. He reported to be an aircraft commander and to have helped pilots on a trip, as well as to have received a commendation from the Order of Lawyers. In a psychodynamic point of view, he remains trough his beliefs as self-sufficient and authoritative provider of the family. There are reports of forgetfulness since 2008 and worsening of spatial orientation. Informants deny progressive deterioration in memory deficit (confirmed by follow-up with Mini-Mental), but the functional loss appeared to be progressive: he can’t turn on the television or use the phone. Today he is total dependent on instrumental activities of daily living - ADL (employed Lawton-Brody Scale) and partially dependent for basic ADL (employed Katz Index). He presents apraxia, as some difficulty buttoning his shirt. Neuropsychological tests indicate dementia, as well as the imaging studies (mixed dementia). Remaining laboratory findings do not justify the neuropsychiatric condition. The diagnostic hypotheses are of mixed dementia, late paraphrenia or delusional disorder - content of grandeur (delusions were not bizarre and there were no changes in sensory perception, hence it was excluded schizophrenia), also late bipolar disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. There remains the question whether changes of the imagination, at least in the initial stage, would correspond to pseudologia fantastica, and to what extent this would be associated with delusions of grandeur in this case. From the standpoint of general practice, there are also diagnostic impressions of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, kidney stones, pangastritis, CKD class 2 (mild), hypovitaminosis B12 (with regular replacement) and hypertensive hypertrophic cardiopathy with preserved systolic function. Several prescriptions are mentioned, and the introduction of galantamine. It follows discussion, which includes the possibility that hypomanic patients act as opposed to what happens in depressive pseudodementia, namely with a deceptive performance or hypomanic pseudohealthiness, which can in initial dementias undesirably delay specific treatment and the use of anticholinesterasic agent.
complexes or associations and normal functional associations are fuzzy. Many other psychopathologists emphasize personality characteristics in connection with endogenous or functional psychoses, such as the
sensitive and melancholic types. When adopting a continuum view of mental disorders, they behave in a unitary or systemic configuration, corresponding to endogenous-functional dispositions interacting with the
milieu and composing personality.
Keywords: sleep; chronobiology; polysomnography; sleep architecture; sleep hygiene.
Dormimos cerca de um terço de nossas vidas. É algo que fazemos além do trabalho e de outras tantas atividades. Resta a impressão de que dormir seria uma inatividade do organismo, simples repouso. Estudos das últimas décadas, no entanto, demonstraram que o sono é bastante ativo e envolvido em inúmeros benefícios para a saúde física e mental. A cronobiologia, campo intimamente relacionado à medicina do sono, auxilia-nos a compreender a relevância do tema. O artigo aborda as fases do sono e como a polissonografia as acessa objetivamente e a outros parâmetros. A arquitetura do sono é descrita. Ênfase é dada à apneia do sono, a suas repercussões para a saúde em geral e ao tratamento com CPAP. A higiene do sono, enquanto método para um bom sono, e o tratamento farmacológico, em especial para a insônia, são abordados. Não restam dúvidas quanto a termos que dormir, e bem. Palavras-chave: sono; cronobiologia; polissonografia; arquitetura do sono; higiene do sono.
https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-7282-9
imipramine. Influenced by Binswanger and Scheler, Kuhn worked with the concept of “vital depressive disposition,” while emphasizing the preeminence of psychopathology over statistic methods (Kuhn, 1996). Consequently, he could not be satisfied with what he foresaw as “clouds of a coming disaster” ...
diseases. Discussions of this order centered on symptom complexes gained special prominence in psychiatry between the early 20th century through Alfred Hoche and World War II through Carl Schneider. Their works, in addition to the work of other authors of that period, are considered. The late Kraepelin conceded the possibility that affective and schizophrenicmanifestations do not represent disease processes but rather represent areas of human personality. Seeing mind or persons is a paradigmatic different perspective than seeing diseases. Re-emerge in this comprehensive or integrationist context the notion of unitary psychosis and philosophical questions as the mind-body problem; as background there was a process metaphysics. The possibility of human
experience in a phenomenological sense is considered, and a matrix of symptom or function complexes is related to it. Examples of past unitary models of mental disorders with their neurophysiologic explanations are given, as well as an analogy to current biological aspects of the endogenous in chronobiology. The question or hypothesis arises whether mental symptom complexes are manifestations of mind constituents or functions that make human experience and mind possible. The present work is a conceptual analysis that indicates a positive answer to this question. The expectation is to emphasize the perspectives of investigation in psychopathology and sciences of mind
fostered by this view of symptom complexes.
and a vocabulary replete with scientific terms. His work is of great interest to neuropsychiatry, not just for the abundance
of related terms, but also because it reflects conceptions from neuroscience at the turn of the twentieth century. This study focuses on
his literary output from a dual perspective: by identifying how his poetry reflects the organicist tendency in psychiatry at the time, as generally personified in the figure of Emil Kraepelin, and by exploring the ideological content of the work, like the Darwinist perspective and the tension between dualism and materialistic monism.
psicopatologia foi certamente Karl Jaspers, de atualidade ainda admirável. Exemplificaremos a riqueza conceitual da psicopatologia com a teoria dos complexos de sintomas, de longa tradição em psiquiatria e que foi contemplada também por Jaspers. Suscita abordagem
contemporânea, clínica e científica, à pessoa.
markedly enriched psychiatry, showing a special regard for phenomenology and existential analysis. He is the author of the treatise "Psychiatry", with about a thousand pages, among them nearly three hundred on the conceptual foundations of psychology, psychopathology and psychiatry. We make introductory readings on the topic "Science and Philosophy" and the chapter "Phenomenology and Existential Analysis in Psychopathology”. In this chapter will be focused the ideas of Husserl and Heidegger, as well as considered the concepts of understanding and explaining, and mentioned the phenomenological methods in psychiatry.
agitation, aggression and delusions. Initial evaluation raises doubts about the characteristics of delusions of grandeur and its differentiation from pseudologia fantastica or vain mythomania. He presents narcissistic personality traits. It is also discussed the possibility of confabulations. Expansive hyperthymia in the past and present, but the changes of the imagination does not always depend on the expansion of humor. The patient claims to be the owner of "REFER", a term related to Rede Ferroviária (network rail), where he worked, to have had several careers, and to own several buildings of great value. He exalts himself with relatives when challenged. He reported to be an aircraft commander and to have helped pilots on a trip, as well as to have received a commendation from the Order of Lawyers. In a psychodynamic point of view, he remains trough his beliefs as self-sufficient and authoritative provider of the family. There are reports of forgetfulness since 2008 and worsening of spatial orientation. Informants deny progressive deterioration in memory deficit (confirmed by follow-up with Mini-Mental), but the functional loss appeared to be progressive: he can’t turn on the television or use the phone. Today he is total dependent on instrumental activities of daily living - ADL (employed Lawton-Brody Scale) and partially dependent for basic ADL (employed Katz Index). He presents apraxia, as some difficulty buttoning his shirt. Neuropsychological tests indicate dementia, as well as the imaging studies (mixed dementia). Remaining laboratory findings do not justify the neuropsychiatric condition. The diagnostic hypotheses are of mixed dementia, late paraphrenia or delusional disorder - content of grandeur (delusions were not bizarre and there were no changes in sensory perception, hence it was excluded schizophrenia), also late bipolar disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. There remains the question whether changes of the imagination, at least in the initial stage, would correspond to pseudologia fantastica, and to what extent this would be associated with delusions of grandeur in this case. From the standpoint of general practice, there are also diagnostic impressions of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, kidney stones, pangastritis, CKD class 2 (mild), hypovitaminosis B12 (with regular replacement) and hypertensive hypertrophic cardiopathy with preserved systolic function. Several prescriptions are mentioned, and the introduction of galantamine. It follows discussion, which includes the possibility that hypomanic patients act as opposed to what happens in depressive pseudodementia, namely with a deceptive performance or hypomanic pseudohealthiness, which can in initial dementias undesirably delay specific treatment and the use of anticholinesterasic agent.
Observação e descrição acurada das disfunções mentais no autismo infantil é o que Walter Camargos se propõe a nos mostrar neste livro. Seus longos anos de experiência clínica se expressam ao vivo em nossas mentes, que, de forma nítida, enxergam essa sofrida população de anjos.
“Clinical Cases in Psychiatry” appears in a time of wide scientific valorization of Psychiatry. We must consider the hypothesis and conclusions originated from statistic analysis of measurable data originated from the amount of probands which allows significant results. The methods for such task get sophisticated and multiple, becoming many times the object of research itself. We believe that in fact this is the way to be followed in order to unveil the obscure psychopathological universe through safe steps. For the researcher a nice and challenging way: to control the several variables with, each time, more sophisticated methods. A dull impression of the scientific whole is left to the clinical physician. Not for no reason at all, but because little of what is published has clinical applicability. Many of the results are only hypothesis to be checked. Almost all works result from reductions and may be compared to “in vitro”, due to the selection criteria that cause the probands to be artificial. The results work as a means of orientation in the lively clinical reality, certainly in the hand of an experienced clinical Physician, but do not aim to determine the clinical conduct.
discussão de casos clínicos, ilustrados por vídeos, que são apresentados por
residentes e discutidos por especialistas nos Congressos Brasileiros de Psiquiatria.
O sucesso da atividade tem sido grande, não só pela presença do público numeroso,
tanto em Recife, Florianópolis como Goiânia, mas, sobretudo, pelo grande número
de casos submetidos para apreciação, o que motivou a necessidade da constituição
de uma comissão de seleção.
É difícil rotular o autor, a partir desses trabalhos, em alguma linhagem ou lugar comum da especialidade: psicopatólogo-fenomenológico, clínico, forense, psiquiatra social ou antipsiquiatra. Isso decerto contribui para seu embate com os colegas.
Estudos Psiquiátricos nos mostra um jasperiano ortodoxo com acordes antipsiquiátricos, munido de apreço pela história da psiquiatria e envolvido com a psiquiatria forense. Trata-se de uma obra de valor e coragem por romper com lugares comuns, em que, muitas vezes, vemo-nos impingidos.
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der Medizinischen Gesamtfakultät der
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