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In response to major changes in coastal ecosystems in recent decades, a number of governmental agencies around the world are establishing marine reserves – areas where removal of animals or plants is prohibited. Although marine reserves... more
In response to major changes in coastal ecosystems in recent decades, a number of governmental agencies around the world are establishing marine reserves – areas where removal of animals or plants is prohibited. Although marine reserves are touted as an ecosystem based approach to management of marine resources, the vast majority of attention on reserve design and impact focuses solely on fish. Although a few species of algae are commercially harvested, most are not. As a result, they will receive little direct benefit from protection by reserves aside from habitat protection. From the perspective of a seaweed, the primary impacts of marine reserves will therefore be indirect through species interactions. We examine the rapidly growing theoretical and empirical literature on marine reserves to anticipate the likely responses of seaweeds to exclusion of fishing. The key issues that emerge are: the trophic level of prior fishing and the dispersal scales of seaweeds relative to their c...
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Research Interests: Geography, Ecosystem Services, Environmental Management, Biology, Natural Science, and 15 moreEcosystem management, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Resource Management, Marine, Biological Conservation, Biological, Ecosystem based management, Integrated Management, Ecosystem, Ecosystem service, Adaptive Management, Marine ecosystem, Social Science, and Cumulant
Research Interests: Business, Bioeconomics, Fisheries, Marine Protected Areas, Ecology, and 15 moreFisheries Management, Marine Reserves, Medicine, Natural Resource Economics, Fishing, Letters, Animals, Profitability, Density dependence, Fishery, Economic performance, Marine Reserve, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecological Applications, and Bioeconomic Model
Research Interests: Geography, Climate Change, Temporal Data Mining, Ecology, Population Dynamics, and 13 moreBiogeography, Environmental Change, Global change, Seasonality, Extreme weather, Oikos, Species Distribution, Latitudinal Gradient, Heat Shock Proteins, Large Scale, Computational Techniques, range size, and geographical ranges
Research Interests: Geography, Demography, Epidemiology, Globalization, Exotic Species, and 15 morePublic Health Policy, Ecology, Communicable Diseases, Public Health, Zoonoses, Medicine, Disease susceptibility, Travel, Humans, Transmission, Infectious Disease, Animals, Geographic distribution, Species Specificity, and Ecological Applications
Research Interests: Fisheries Science, Fisheries, Marine Protected Areas, Biology, Ecology, and 12 moreFisheries Management, Life History Evolution, Marine Reserves, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Gadus morhua, Ecological, Fishery, Size at Maturity, Marine Protected Area, Marine Reserve, and Ecological Applications
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Research Interests: Marine Biology, Geography, Environmental Science, Oceanography, Environmental policy, and 13 moreFisheries, Environmental Monitoring, Water Pollution, Multidisciplinary, Nature, RECREATION, Animals, Human Activities, Seawater, Ecosystem, Internationality, Conservation of Natural Resources, and Oceans and Seas
Data from 4,713 fisheries worldwide, representing 78% of global reported fish catch, are analyzed to estimate the status, trends, and benefits of alternative approaches to recovering depleted fisheries. For each fishery, we estimate... more
Data from 4,713 fisheries worldwide, representing 78% of global reported fish catch, are analyzed to estimate the status, trends, and benefits of alternative approaches to recovering depleted fisheries. For each fishery, we estimate current biological status and forecast the impacts of contrasting management regimes on catch, profit, and biomass of fish in the sea. We estimate unique recovery targets and trajectories for each fishery, calculate the year-by-year effects of alternative recovery approaches, and model how alternative institutional reforms affect recovery outcomes. Current status is highly heterogeneous—the median fishery is in poor health (overfished, with further overfishing occurring), although 32% of fisheries are in good biological, although not necessarily economic, condition. Our business-as-usual scenario projects further divergence and continued collapse for many of the world’s fisheries. Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in our dataset could...
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Abstract Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely considered as useful tools to achieve both conservation and resource management goals. They have the potential to produce a wide array of positive socio-ecological effects. Their... more
Abstract Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely considered as useful tools to achieve both conservation and resource management goals. They have the potential to produce a wide array of positive socio-ecological effects. Their effectiveness, however, varies dramatically. The sources of this variability are numerous and, in some cases, quite well studied. Yet, a significant portion of the variability in MPAs effectiveness still remains unexplained. MPAs, due to a number of intrinsic features, can be considered “organizational systems”, a definition recognizing the fact that 1) their effectiveness can be influenced by their own organizational dimensions and 2) they could be analyzed employing the typical tools provided by ‘Organization Science’ (hereafter OS). Here we analyze the available literature on MPAs on a worldwide scale to explore whether and how the principles of OS have been used as a scientific basis for the evaluation of MPA effectiveness. We found that no study explicitly used a comprehensive OS framework for evaluating effectiveness in the context of MPAs. Just 20 studies considered some organizational dimensions in their analysis (e.g. professionalism of the organization members, vision, goals, strategy and networking), but not in a comprehensive manner. The outputs of our review stress the limited use of the OS methodologies and principles in the context of MPAs so far. We posit that there is a significant potential for new insights in MPA science thanks to a more integrated implementation of an OS framework for the interpretation and improvement of MPA socio-ecological effectiveness.
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Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Climate Change, Speciation, Invertebrates, Ecology, and 15 morePopulation Dynamics, Invasive Species, Community, Evolutionary Ecology, Darwin, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Models, Animals, Plants, Extinction, Biological evolution, Introduced species, Genetic variation, and Soil Biota
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Coastal marine reserves in general, and coral reef reserves in particular, are typically composed of scattered patches separated by uninhabited areas. Due to the sessile mode of life of adult corals, larval connectivity is often the only... more
Coastal marine reserves in general, and coral reef reserves in particular, are typically composed of scattered patches separated by uninhabited areas. Due to the sessile mode of life of adult corals, larval connectivity is often the only agent of gene flow between reef localities. In this study we examined the connectivity between populations of the common scleratinian coral Stylophora pistillata at the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), using the rDNA ITS (internal transcribed spacer) as a molecular marker. Sequence comparisons among recruits indicated very similar, equally-diverse, assemblages of recruits in both the northern (highly affected by anthropogenic disturbances) and southern (less affected) study sites, implying a high larval connectivity or common sources of larval supply. By contrast, sequence diversity observed among adults declined sharply from southern to northern sites, accompanied by genetic differentiation of the respective populations. Based on Fu's Fs-test of selective neutrality, it may be suggested that various post-settlement selective regimes, presumably more intense in the northern sites, provide a reasonable explanation for the observed patterns of genetic diversity. The suggested hypothesis is supported by the sharper decline in sequence diversity found between recruits and adults in the northern sites. This study exemplifies the necessity to consider local selective factors, in addition to larval connectivity, when managing marine reserves.
Research Interests: Marine Biology, Geography, Gene Flow, MARINE POLLUTION, Environmental Monitoring, and 15 moreJordan, Multidisciplinary, Genetic Diversity, Indian Ocean, Anthozoa, Genetic Structure, Animals, Anthropogenic Disturbance, Coral Reef, Genetic Differentiation, Ecosystem, Molecular Marker, Marine Reserve, Gulf of Aqaba, and Internal transcribed spacer
Research Interests: Fisheries, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Animals, Fishes, and 15 moreLine, Population Size, Displacement, Ecological, Seawater, Empirical Study, Spatial Distribution, Spatial Pattern, Density gradient, Marine Protected Area, Marine Reserve, Ecological Applications, Catch per unit effort, Fishing Impact, and Fishing Effort
Despite potentially strong coupling between land use, watershed processes, and coastal riverine, estuarine, and marine ecosystems, conservation planning for native biodiversity is almost always conducted independently for terrestrial,... more
Despite potentially strong coupling between land use, watershed processes, and coastal riverine, estuarine, and marine ecosystems, conservation planning for native biodiversity is almost always conducted independently for terrestrial, freshwater, or marine ecosystems. ...