- Urban Sociology, Urban Studies, Segregation, Housing, Spatial segregation, Urban social segregation, Urban sociology, and 26 moreResidential segregation, Socioeconomic Segregation, Space and Society, Ethnicity and Space, Urban Segregation, Urban Segregation, Residential and Educational Segregation, Racial Segregation, Spatial and Social Segregation, Urban Planning, Urban And Regional Planning, Urban Geography, Urbanism, Urban Design (Urban Studies), Urban Politics, Architecture and Urban Sociology, Urban Sociolgy, Urban Sociology and Social Policy, Urban Sociology: Gentrifiurban Development, Urban culture, urban anthropology, urban sociology, Urban Planning and Urban Sociology, Cohousing, Sociology, Urban Studies, Anthropology of Space, Urban Sociology, Cultural Geography, Visual Sociology, Urban Studies, Urban Design, Urban Sociology and Anthropology, Urban Socio-Spatial Differentiation, Urban Sociology and Cultural Anthropology and Urban Studies, and Sociology of Urban and Regional Development (ISA RC21)edit
- Javier Ruiz-Tagle joined the Institute of Urban and Territorial Studies at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chil... moreJavier Ruiz-Tagle joined the Institute of Urban and Territorial Studies at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (PUC, School of Architecture, Design and Urban Studies) in 2016, where he currently works full-time as Assistant Professor. He is also Associate Researcher at the Center for Sustainable Urban Development (CEDEUS), and Adjunct Researcher at the Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (COES), both at PUC-Chile. He specializes in topics of residential segregation (class/race/ethnic), housing policies, neighborhood effects, urban marginality, housing self-organization, informal settlements, gentrification, urban sociology and comparative studies.
Javier studied a PhD in Urban Planning and Policy, at the University of Illinois at Chicago, sponsored by the Fulbright-Conicyt scholarship and wining a research fund from the Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies (FURS). His doctoral dissertation, a comparative study between Chicago and Santiago de Chile, was titled "Bringing Inequality Closer: A Comparative Urban Sociology of Socially Diverse Neighborhoods". With this dissertation, he won the Barclay Gibbs Jones award for best dissertation in planning. That award is given by the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP), the main academic-professional institution of planning and urban studies in the US and Canada. He also won the Outstanding Thesis Award for best dissertation in the social and behavioral sciences, given by the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Currently, at the Institute of Urban and Territorial Studies, Javier has been guiding several master and doctoral thesis and teaching courses on housing for undergraduate students, on urban political economy, neighborhood change and methods for master-level students, and on urban theory for doctoral students. He is currently participating in four research projects: (1) Fondecyt Project (Principal Investigator, 2020-2024) on the trajectory of marginality in politicized poor neighborhoods, (2) Fondap Project (Associate Researcher, 2017-2022) on sustainable urban development (CEDEUS), (3) Fondap Project (Adjunct Researcher, 2020-2023) con social conflict and cohesion (COES), (4) Covid-Anid Project (Co-Principal Investigator, 2020-2021) on the socio-territorial factors influencing the disposition to comply with measures of social isolation and distancing. Finished research initiatives include a Fondecyt Project (Principal Investigator, 2015-2018) on the role of institutions on neighborhood effects, a Fondecyt Project (co-PI, 2014-2018) on gentrification in comparative perspective, among others.
In the last three years, Javier has participated in the publication of three books. He was Section Editor of “Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies” (Wiley-Blackwell, 2019), whose Editor in Chief was Anthony Orum. He was co-Editor of “Companion to Urban and Regional Studies” (Wiley-Blackwell, 2021), together with Anthony Orum and Serena Vicari. And he was co-Editor of “Marginalidad Urbana y Efectos Institucionales: sociedad, Estado y territorio en Latinoamérica a comienzos del Siglo XXI” [Urban Marginality and Institutional Effects: society, State and territory in Latin America at the begining of the 21st century], together with Gricel Labbé and Martín Alvarez.
Javier has published, presented and won honors and awards with his work in Chile, in the United States and in Europe.edit
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Research Interests: Sociology, Human Geography, Latin American Studies, Social Problems, Chile, and 12 moreUrban Sociology, Urban And Regional Planning, Applied Economics, Internalization, Production economics, Marginality, Housing Studies, Antropologia Urbana, Territorial stigmatization, Urban Sociology and Social Policy, Dangers, and The Symbolic
In behalf of the public programme ChileBarrio, for a study of 3 settlements in Rinconada de Maipú, to make a Plan of Improvement, the Instituto de la Vivienda (INVI) makes a physical- social cadastre, case to case of the houses,... more
In behalf of the public programme ChileBarrio, for a study of 3 settlements in Rinconada de Maipú, to make a Plan of Improvement, the Instituto de la Vivienda (INVI) makes a physical- social cadastre, case to case of the houses, elaborating so many cards. It became necessary the implementation of a SIG to give a general concept of each settlement, with 3 different aims; the legal-institutional decisions of ChileBarrio, decisions of design of the office that will project the PMB, and as a substrate for INVI’s later investigations.
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This chapter addresses the issues of segregation and social mix by comparing two socially diverse neighbourhoods in Chicago (Cabrini Green and Near North) and Santiago (La Loma and La Florida area). It aims to understand how social... more
This chapter addresses the issues of segregation and social mix by comparing two socially diverse neighbourhoods in Chicago (Cabrini Green and Near North) and Santiago (La Loma and La Florida area). It aims to understand how social relationships can be modified by a change in spatial configurations, questioning whether intergroup physical proximity triggers other processes of integration, notably functional, relational, and symbolic integration. Social mix leads to more amenities and some institutional change, but not to upward social mobility for the poor. Moreover, intergroup relationships in these socially mixed neighbourhoods are marked by fear, distrust, and avoidance and governed by increased material and symbolic competition. Ultimately, the physical proximity of social mix conceals the persistence of inequality and the forces that are actively maintaining segregation.
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En un contexto de informalidad, clientelismo y corrupción, la política habitacional paraguaya crea a finales de los 2000s el Fondo Nacional de Vivienda Social (FONAVIS), bajo la influencia del 'modelo chileno' de... more
En un contexto de informalidad, clientelismo y corrupción, la política habitacional paraguaya crea a finales de los 2000s el Fondo Nacional de Vivienda Social (FONAVIS), bajo la influencia del 'modelo chileno' de subsidios. Dicho modelo se moviliza a Paraguay en dos momentos históricos distintos y la forma de movilizarse ha sido determinante para su éxito. Este artículo indaga en las dinámicas entre agentes sociales, instituciones, territorio y los circuitos de conocimiento, que constituyen ambos procesos de movilización. En la primera experiencia, el sistema fracasa por la insuficiente consideración de condicionantes locales; y en la segunda, el aprendizaje entre el modelo, el contexto local y la experiencia del primer viaje, permiten la adaptación y la respuesta a las necesidades del contexto. En un país donde la movilización ha sido clave para el desarrollo de políticas públicas, el FONAVIS representa la primera política habitacional y un referente de respuesta ante demandas sociales.
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The location of immigrants in Santiago has spread from central and peri-central areas towards the periphery neglected and stigmatized, generating new disputes and territorial margins due to ambivalent institutional discourses of inclusion... more
The location of immigrants in Santiago has spread from central and peri-central areas towards the periphery neglected and stigmatized, generating new disputes and territorial margins due to ambivalent institutional discourses of inclusion / exclusion and competition for scarce public benefits. Under 'new racism', traditional spaces of exclusion show new nuances of marginality, such as the Lo Hermida district in Penalolen. Based on a case study, there is an analysis of the action and inaction of local institutions in the construction of socio-spatial conflicts between immigrants and the native population. There are problems of relegation in benefits, exclusive access to housing, and informal work, which denotes a hyper-precarization of immigration and a racialized geography of the conflict.
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Many authors agree that gentrification in Latin America depends on the intervention of the state. However, for the renovation of large urban areas that have long lacked public attention, state intervention is a pivotal driver. This... more
Many authors agree that gentrification in Latin America depends on the intervention of the state. However, for the renovation of large urban areas that have long lacked public attention, state intervention is a pivotal driver. This comparative analysis involved fieldwork analysis and short ethnographies in Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. Results show variations and some common threads, namely land valorization policies, schemes designed to promote the creation of economic opportunities for upper-income investors and developers, the establishment of creative or cultural industrial hubs, investment in new transport and cultural infrastructure, city rebranding, and the use of iconic architecture. Displacement policies have been implemented in Brazil, although with limited success. In Brazil and Mexico, attempts have been made to control social behaviors within particular spaces, often in a racialized manner. We arrive at a narrative that differs from that of the Global North, which considers state-led gentrification to constitute the privatization of social housing under the hegemonic imposition of discourses of "social mixing." The concept of state and its trajectory differ considerably in each hemisphere.
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Indispensable overview and timely coverage of the major issues, debates, and research topics in urban and regional studies. Companion to Urban and Regional Studies offers an up-to-date view of the rapidly growing field, exploring a... more
Indispensable overview and timely coverage of the major issues, debates, and research topics in urban and regional studies. Companion to Urban and Regional Studies offers an up-to-date view of the rapidly growing field, exploring a diversity of theoretical perspectives, current and emerging research, and critical global policy concerns. Uniquely broad in geographical and thematic scope, this comprehensive volume brings together essays by more than fifty international scholars and researchers to provide expert assessments spanning the many dimensions of urban studies. Organized into five parts, the Companion begins with a review of the current state of cities across East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, Europe, and Latin America, and all other world regions. Subsequent sections discuss contemporary theoretical perspectives, describe common methodological approaches used by urban scholars, and examine the political, social, and economic problems facing twenty-first century cities. Covering historical issues, current challenges, and comparative perspectives in urban studies, this timely resource: • Addresses intensely debated policy issues such as governance, housing, immigration and migration, segregation, social mix, and gentrification • Describes the use of demographic methods, advanced spatial analysis, social networks, policy mobilities, and ethnographies in urban studies research • Discusses critical urban theory, feminist urban research, urbanization and environmental change, and the legacy of the Chicago School • Covers contemporary research topics such as urban and regional inequalities, social heterogeneity and diversity, financialization • Includes representative case studies of each region, including Australasia, Latin America, East Asia and South Asia. Companion to Urban and Regional Studies is essential reading for scholars, researchers, practitioners, urban activists, and students, and it represents a must-have complement to The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies.
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Research Interests: Human Geography, Welfare Economics, Political Science, Housing Policy, Housing, and 11 moreIrregular/Informal Settlements Studies, Urban Informality, Restructuring, Land Titling System, Habitability, ASENTAMIENTOS INFORMALES, Políticas de Vivienda, Metropolitan Area, Public Policy, LIMA PERU, and Eure
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ABSTRACT
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This research includes a new teaching proposal for architecture and geography, based on Systems Theory and Dynamics Systems, aimed at improving the understanding of the complex structure and dynamics of the city. SimCity, a game of... more
This research includes a new teaching proposal for architecture and geography, based on Systems Theory and Dynamics Systems, aimed at improving the understanding of the complex structure and dynamics of the city. SimCity, a game of strategy that allows us to design and to plan the city, is used as the software, with the aim of conducting didactic experiments, and integrating the complex relations that configure the city. The methodology incorporated theoretical and experimental stages, and concluded with a simulation exercise. The exercise had a very good reception, as a method for learning and research, creating a great aptitude for generating good research questions, by making many variables visible simultaneously. The research has developed, and participants have, subsequently, been exposed to the second version of the course, where new concepts are being integrated (emergence and cellular automata) to deepen the theoretical base, and to allow further analysis and experimentation...
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Abstract Purpose In this chapter, I focus on stigmatization exercised and experienced by local residents, comparing two socially-diverse areas in very different contexts: the Cabrini Green-Near North area in Chicago and the La Loma-La... more
Abstract Purpose In this chapter, I focus on stigmatization exercised and experienced by local residents, comparing two socially-diverse areas in very different contexts: the Cabrini Green-Near North area in Chicago and the La Loma-La Florida area in Santiago de Chile. Methodology/approach Data for this study were drawn from 1 year of qualitative research, using interviews with residents and institutional actors, field notes from observation sessions of several inter-group spaces, and “spatial inventories” in which I located the traces of the symbolic presence of each group. Findings Despite contextual differences of type of social differentiation, type of social mix, type of housing tenure for the poor, and public visibility, I argue that there are important common problems: first, symbolic differences are stressed by identity changes; second, distrust against “the other” is spatially crystallized in any type and scale of social housing; third, stigmatization changes in form and scale; and fourth, there are persisting prejudiced depictions and patterns of avoidance. Social implications Socially-mixed neighborhoods, as areas where at least two different social groups live in proximity, offer an interesting context for observing territorial stigmatization. They are strange creatures of urban development, due to the powerful symbolism of desegregation in contexts of growing inequalities. Originality/value The chapter contributes to a cross-national perspective with a comparison of global-north and global-south cities. And it also springs from a study of socially-mixed areas, in which the debate on concentrated/deconcentrated poverty is central, and in which the problem of “clearing places” appears in both material (e.g., displacement) and symbolic (e.g., stigmatization) terms.
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ARTÍCULO: La segregación y la integración en la sociología urbana: revisión de enfoques y aproximaciones críticas para las políticas públicas/Javier Ruiz-Tagle Resumen La segregación residencial es para algunos un fenómeno natural, y para... more
ARTÍCULO: La segregación y la integración en la sociología urbana: revisión de enfoques y aproximaciones críticas para las políticas públicas/Javier Ruiz-Tagle Resumen La segregación residencial es para algunos un fenómeno natural, y para otros un problema es-tructuralmente determinado. En cambio, la inte-gración se ha vuelto un objetivo neoliberal o una aproximación voluntarista. Aquí se revisan varias explicaciones de la segregación: consideraciones sociológico-históricas, teorías funcionalistas-posi-tivistas y teorías de conflicto-postestructuralistas. Se afirma que las teorías funcionalistas-positivis-tas han influenciado los estudios empíricos y va-rias ideas que modelan las políticas de integración, con una excesiva confianza en la proximidad física entre diferentes grupos sociales. Finalmente, para entender las transformaciones espaciales más allá Abstract Residential segregation is for some a natural phenomenon for and for others a structurally determined problem. In contras...
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Introduction The legacy of the Chicago School has marked the study of residential segregation in the US, and consequently, has inspired most policies for integration in this country, promoting the dispersion and displacement of poor... more
Introduction The legacy of the Chicago School has marked the study of residential segregation in the US, and consequently, has inspired most policies for integration in this country, promoting the dispersion and displacement of poor families to higher-status areas. In Chile, a country that has been open to intellectual flows from Chicago since the 1970s, the recent study of segregation has adopted the dominant US methodological and conceptual frameworks. Although policies for integration have not been implemented yet, the attention of public policy debates has been monopolized by the assumptions of “neighborhood effects”. This way, urban policies of dispersion and public housing demolition are also being outlined as a nostrum to solve the problem of ghettos. Today, integration (or desegregation) policies are part of the toolkit of most local and national governments, or at least are under intense academic and political debate. However, not much is said about how these policies were ...
Although ethnic differentiations began with colonialism, racism was not widely addressed in Latin American social sciences until recently, since class perspectives were predominant. Within this, studies on residential segregation and... more
Although ethnic differentiations began with colonialism, racism was not widely addressed in Latin American social sciences until recently, since class perspectives were predominant. Within this, studies on residential segregation and urban exclusion have ignored race and ethnicity, with the exceptions of Brazil and Colombia. However, these issues have recently become crucial because of the adoption of multiculturalism, the impact of postcolonialism and postmodernism, the emergence of black and indigenous social movements, changes in state policy, and new trends in migration. A review of debates and evidence from Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina shows that persistent colonial ideologies, narratives, and popular perceptions of ethno-racial denial sustain various kinds of urban exclusion in the region. The evidence calls for a new research agenda to decolonize urban studies that adopts a critical perspective on the coloniality of power. Aunque las diferenciaciones étnicas comenza...
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Although ethnic differentiations began with colonialism, racism was not widely addressed in Latin American social sciences until recently, since class perspectives were predominant. Within this, studies on residential segregation and... more
Although ethnic differentiations began with colonialism, racism was not widely addressed in Latin American social sciences until recently, since class perspectives were predominant. Within this, studies on residential segregation and urban exclusion have ignored race and ethnicity, with the exceptions of Brazil and Colombia. However, these issues have recently become crucial because of the adoption of multiculturalism, the impact of postcolonialism and postmodernism, the emergence of black and indigenous social movements, changes in state policy, and new trends in migration. A review of debates and evidence from Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina shows that persistent colonial ideologies, narratives, and popular perceptions of ethno-racial denial sustain various kinds of urban exclusion in the region. The evidence calls for a new research agenda to decolonize urban studies that adopts a critical perspective on the coloniality of power. Aunque las diferenciaciones étnicas comenzaron con el colonialismo, el racismo no se abordó ampliamente en las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas hasta hace poco, ya que predominaban las perspectivas de clase. Los estudios sobre la segregación residencial y la exclusión urbana han ignorado la raza y el origen étnico, con excepción de Brasil y Colombia. Sin embargo, estas cuestiones se han vuelto cruciales recientemente debido a la adopción del multiculturalismo, el impacto del poscolonialismo y el posmodernismo, la aparición de movimientos sociales negros e indígenas, los cambios en la política estatal y nuevas tendencias en la migración. Una revisión de los debates y evidencia en México, Colombia, Chile y Argentina muestra que las ideologías coloniales persistentes, las narrativas y las percepciones populares de la negación etnoracial sostienen varios tipos de exclusión urbana en la región. La evidencia exige una nueva agenda de investigación para descolonizar los estudios urbanos y adoptar una perspectiva crítica sobre la colonialidad del poder.
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This research looks at and compares two historically segregated global-north and global-south cities: Chicago and Santiago de Chile. I study one diverse neighborhood in each place, in order to understand the relationship between... more
This research looks at and compares two historically segregated global-north and global-south cities: Chicago and Santiago de Chile. I study one diverse neighborhood in each place, in order to understand the relationship between neighborhood social diversity and several dimensions of socio-spatial integration. The hypothesis was that if other exclusionary processes remain unchanged, the mere physical proximity between different social groups should lead to incomplete outcomes of integration for poor groups.
I conducted a one year-long comparative case-study, complementing qualitative with quantitative techniques, and trying to critically differentiate theories and policies from their specific contexts. Data collection involved collection of case-history literature; collection of spatial and socioeconomic information; and most importantly, qualitative case-studies employing in-depth interviews, field observations, and spatial inventories. I compared the outcomes of diversity in both cases, focusing on the main factors that mark segregation and integration in each country and city; namely, a) social stratification systems, b) housing allocation systems and c) welfare systems in space.
The main discovery from the study of both cases is that physical proximity of different social groups, irrespective of the urban processes that bring them together, does not directly create the outcomes that supporters of poverty dispersion policies believed at first; that is, social networks, social control, role models and an expanded geography of opportunities. At least, these spatial configurations do not bring those benefits by themselves. In other words, the social diversity of the studied neighborhoods is not a precondition of enhanced opportunities, better intergroup relationships or less exclusion from the housing market. In fact, the opposite has been true. Lower status groups in both cases: i) have limited job opportunities, ii) have limited access to quality education, iii) have highly difficult intergroup relationships with upper status groups, and iv) suffer from exclusionary housing and political economic processes. All these bring implications for the wide separation between discourse and reality regarding neighborhood diversity (including its concealment of power differentials), and the supposed reversal of the outcomes of concentrated poverty, which challenges the literature on 'neighborhood effects'.
I conducted a one year-long comparative case-study, complementing qualitative with quantitative techniques, and trying to critically differentiate theories and policies from their specific contexts. Data collection involved collection of case-history literature; collection of spatial and socioeconomic information; and most importantly, qualitative case-studies employing in-depth interviews, field observations, and spatial inventories. I compared the outcomes of diversity in both cases, focusing on the main factors that mark segregation and integration in each country and city; namely, a) social stratification systems, b) housing allocation systems and c) welfare systems in space.
The main discovery from the study of both cases is that physical proximity of different social groups, irrespective of the urban processes that bring them together, does not directly create the outcomes that supporters of poverty dispersion policies believed at first; that is, social networks, social control, role models and an expanded geography of opportunities. At least, these spatial configurations do not bring those benefits by themselves. In other words, the social diversity of the studied neighborhoods is not a precondition of enhanced opportunities, better intergroup relationships or less exclusion from the housing market. In fact, the opposite has been true. Lower status groups in both cases: i) have limited job opportunities, ii) have limited access to quality education, iii) have highly difficult intergroup relationships with upper status groups, and iv) suffer from exclusionary housing and political economic processes. All these bring implications for the wide separation between discourse and reality regarding neighborhood diversity (including its concealment of power differentials), and the supposed reversal of the outcomes of concentrated poverty, which challenges the literature on 'neighborhood effects'.
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Indispensable overview and timely coverage of the major issues, debates, and research topics in urban and regional studies. Companion to Urban and Regional Studies offers an up-to-date view of the rapidly growing field, exploring a... more
Indispensable overview and timely coverage of the major issues, debates, and research topics in urban and regional studies.
Companion to Urban and Regional Studies offers an up-to-date view of the rapidly growing field, exploring a diversity of theoretical perspectives, current and emerging research, and critical global policy concerns.
Uniquely broad in geographical and thematic scope, this comprehensive volume brings together essays by more than fifty international scholars and researchers to provide expert assessments spanning the many dimensions of urban studies.
Organized into five parts, the Companion begins with a review of the current state of cities across East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, Europe, and Latin America, and all other world regions.
Subsequent sections discuss contemporary theoretical perspectives, describe common methodological approaches used by urban scholars, and examine the political, social, and economic problems facing twenty-first century cities.
Covering historical issues, current challenges, and comparative perspectives in urban studies, this timely resource:
• Addresses intensely debated policy issues such as governance, housing, immigration and migration, segregation, social mix, and gentrification
• Describes the use of demographic methods, advanced spatial analysis, social networks, policy mobilities, and ethnographies in urban studies research
• Discusses critical urban theory, feminist urban research, urbanization and environmental change, and the legacy of the Chicago School
• Covers contemporary research topics such as urban and regional inequalities, social heterogeneity and diversity, financialization
• Includes representative case studies of each region, including Australasia, Latin America, East Asia and South Asia.
Companion to Urban and Regional Studies is essential reading for scholars, researchers, practitioners, urban activists, and students, and it represents a must-have complement to The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies.
Companion to Urban and Regional Studies offers an up-to-date view of the rapidly growing field, exploring a diversity of theoretical perspectives, current and emerging research, and critical global policy concerns.
Uniquely broad in geographical and thematic scope, this comprehensive volume brings together essays by more than fifty international scholars and researchers to provide expert assessments spanning the many dimensions of urban studies.
Organized into five parts, the Companion begins with a review of the current state of cities across East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, Europe, and Latin America, and all other world regions.
Subsequent sections discuss contemporary theoretical perspectives, describe common methodological approaches used by urban scholars, and examine the political, social, and economic problems facing twenty-first century cities.
Covering historical issues, current challenges, and comparative perspectives in urban studies, this timely resource:
• Addresses intensely debated policy issues such as governance, housing, immigration and migration, segregation, social mix, and gentrification
• Describes the use of demographic methods, advanced spatial analysis, social networks, policy mobilities, and ethnographies in urban studies research
• Discusses critical urban theory, feminist urban research, urbanization and environmental change, and the legacy of the Chicago School
• Covers contemporary research topics such as urban and regional inequalities, social heterogeneity and diversity, financialization
• Includes representative case studies of each region, including Australasia, Latin America, East Asia and South Asia.
Companion to Urban and Regional Studies is essential reading for scholars, researchers, practitioners, urban activists, and students, and it represents a must-have complement to The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies.