Papers by Peter C Kroefges
This dossier pursues an interdisciplinary framework to study the notion of "time" in th... more This dossier pursues an interdisciplinary framework to study the notion of "time" in the Latin American colonial contact zone from the 15 th to the 18 th century, from etic and emic perspectives.
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Indiana, 2013
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Bridging the Gaps: Integrating Archaeology and History in Oaxaca, Mexico; A Volume in Memory of Bruce E. Byland, 2015
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Indiana, 2013
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Indiana, 2013
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Indiana, 2013
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Building Transnational Archaeologies, Apr 15, 2014
In this document we discuss about the archaeological site of Santiago in Aguascalientes, Mexico, ... more In this document we discuss about the archaeological site of Santiago in Aguascalientes, Mexico, site that without any doubt is one of the settlements with greater perspective of research in the Centre-North of the country. The research in this area enable us to understand about the processes of social development to the interior of the site, and also help us to understand how the social group of that inhabited this site established and strengthened their social interactions with other groups in the surrounding areas including Mesoamerica. In addition, this study will allow us to reaffirm the hypothesis that the Chichimec Sea area was inhabited by societies with a different social development, in particular the economic activities.
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Territorial reasoning is a basic topic of spatial archaeology. The ability to establish territori... more Territorial reasoning is a basic topic of spatial archaeology. The ability to establish territorial extents of political, religious or economic zones allows us to move from point to area-based observations and hypotheses. We present a substantially enhanced, GIS-based version of Renfrew and Level's classic Xtent algorithm. Our version offers various advantages over the original. It respects terrain properties, a priori physical movement constraints and hierarchical relations between sites, maximum territory sizes are easy to control and a measure of uncertainty is provided. The software implementation used in this paper was done within the framework of the open source GRASS geographic information system.
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Indiana, 2013
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Language Sciences, Jan 1, 2008
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Image – Object – Performance. Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines, 2013
Kroefges, Peter C. and Niklas Schulze (2013)
Sociocultural Consequences of Aztec Imperialism in ... more Kroefges, Peter C. and Niklas Schulze (2013)
Sociocultural Consequences of Aztec Imperialism in the Huaxtec Region of Mesoamerica. In: Astrid Windus, Eberhard Crailsheim (ed.): Image – Object – Performance. Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines. Series:
Cultural Encounters and the Discourses of Scholarship,
Band 5, 2013, pp. 225-241.Waxmann Verlag, Münster, Germany
http://www.waxmann.com/buch2929
ISBN 978-3-8309-2929-1
E-Book: 978-3-8309-7929-6, € 33,99
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Kroefges, Peter C. (2012): 1888: La Huasteca según Eduard y Caecilie Seler, pioneros en su exploración arqueológica y etnográfica. En: Lengua y Cultura Nahua en la Huasteca Potsina, editado por Anuscha van't Hooft; pp. Publisher: Linguapax/CIGA-UNAM/CCSYH-UASLP. ISBN: 978-607-7856-74-0, 2012
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Indiana 30. Dossier:El ‘tiempo’ en Latinoamérica colonial. Aproximaciones interdisciplinarias a la historia de un concepto (trans-)cultural, 2013
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Kroefges & Schulze: El problema del tiempo en los estudios huaxtequistas. INDIANA 30 (2013): 119-141 ISSN 0341-8642, 2013
"Resumen: La esquina noreste de Mesoamérica se conoce históricamente como la región huasteca. Dur... more "Resumen: La esquina noreste de Mesoamérica se conoce históricamente como la región huasteca. Durante la época prehispánica un conjunto distintivo de expresiones artísticas ha caracterizado esta área. Esculturas de piedra y vasijas de cerámica son los objetos más prominentes para definir la región arqueológicamente. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos hallazgos provienen durante ya más de un siglo de actividades de saqueo y de excavaciones incontroladas.
En este artículo se analizan las maneras en que las diferentes nociones del tiempo han constituido una cuestión problemática para el estudio de la historia de la cultura huasteca. Las dificultades son de carácter emic y etic. Desde el punto de vista etic analizamos cómo las disciplinas históricas identificaron la presencia huasteca en la región a través de restos arqueológicos y de patrones lingüísticos. Desde el punto de vista emic se discute la eviden- cia de concepciones del tiempo desarrolladas y utilizadas por los antiguos pobladores, por ejemplo, puntos de observación astronómica y registros calendáricos. En este panorama de los estudios huastequistas sobre el tema del tiempo surgen más preguntas que respuestas.
Palabrasclave: Tiempo,Huasteca,arqueología,lingüística,cronología,México,Postclásico.
Abstract: The northeastern corner of Mesoamerica is historically known as the Huastec region. In Prehispanic times, a distinctive set of artistic expressions characterized this area; most prominent are stone sculptures and ceramic vessels that define the region archae- ologically. However, most of these objects come from century-old looting activities and uncontrolled excavations. The region received its name from the once dominant indigenous group – speakers of a Maya-related language, Teenek. The Aztecs called them Cuexteca, today Huastecs.
This article discusses how notions of time have constituted a problematic issue for the study of Huastec culture history. There are etic and emic problems. From an etic perspective, we are interested in how historically inclined disciplines identify Huastec presence in the region through their material remains and language patterns. From an emic point of view, we discuss the evidence for time conceptions developed and used by the ancient society, such as astronomical observation points and calendrical records. In this overview of Huastec studies on the topic of time, more questions than answers arise.
Keywords: Time, Huasteca, archaeology, linguistics, chronology, Mexico, Postclassic."
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Indiana 30, 2013
Resumen: Arqueólogos observan el desarrollo de la humanidad a través de los cambios de la cultura... more Resumen: Arqueólogos observan el desarrollo de la humanidad a través de los cambios de la cultura material que sobrevive en el contexto arqueológico. Se mide el paso del tiempo, por ejemplo, basándose en el cambio de materias primas empleadas (sistema de tres edades), en la transformación de la forma de los artefactos (tipología), en la posición relativa de los objetos (estratigrafía) o en cambios físico-químicos en los materiales mismos (como carbono 14 y termoluminiscencia). Las fechas y cronologías generadas de esta manera son, casi en su totalidad, expresiones de una visión linear, unidireccional y estática del tiempo que no necesariamente representa adecuadamente los procesos culturales bajo investigación y mucho menos la visión de las personas que vivían en el pasado estudiado. El objetivo de esta investigación es resaltar algunos de los problemas conceptuales encontrados y brindar referencias teóricas para las discusiones sobre el manejo del tiempo y la periodización en la arqueología, tomando como ejemplo las cronologías prehispánicas mesoamericanas.
Palabras clave: Tiempo, arqueología, cronología, periodización, Mesoamérica.
Abstract: Archaeologists observe the development of humanity through changes in material culture in the archaeological context. The passage of time is measured, for exam- ple, based on changes in raw materials used (three-age system), on transformations in the shape of artifacts (type), on the relative position of objects in excavations (stratigraphy) or on physico-chemical changes in the materials themselves (e.g., carbon 14, thermolumines- cence). The dates and chronologies generated in this way are, almost entirely, expressions of a linear conception of time that is unidirectional and static, while not necessarily adequately representing the cultural processes under investigation, and even less the perspective of people living in the past. The objective of this paper is to highlight some of the conceptual problems encountered and provide theoretical references for a discussion of time manage- ment and periodization in archaeology, using the example of Prehispanic Mesoamerican chronology.
Keywords: Time, archaeology, chronology, periodization, Mesoamerica.
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Language Sciences, Jan 1, 2008
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The Shadow of Monte Alban: Politics and …, Jan 1, 1998
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Papers by Peter C Kroefges
Sociocultural Consequences of Aztec Imperialism in the Huaxtec Region of Mesoamerica. In: Astrid Windus, Eberhard Crailsheim (ed.): Image – Object – Performance. Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines. Series:
Cultural Encounters and the Discourses of Scholarship,
Band 5, 2013, pp. 225-241.Waxmann Verlag, Münster, Germany
http://www.waxmann.com/buch2929
ISBN 978-3-8309-2929-1
E-Book: 978-3-8309-7929-6, € 33,99
En este artículo se analizan las maneras en que las diferentes nociones del tiempo han constituido una cuestión problemática para el estudio de la historia de la cultura huasteca. Las dificultades son de carácter emic y etic. Desde el punto de vista etic analizamos cómo las disciplinas históricas identificaron la presencia huasteca en la región a través de restos arqueológicos y de patrones lingüísticos. Desde el punto de vista emic se discute la eviden- cia de concepciones del tiempo desarrolladas y utilizadas por los antiguos pobladores, por ejemplo, puntos de observación astronómica y registros calendáricos. En este panorama de los estudios huastequistas sobre el tema del tiempo surgen más preguntas que respuestas.
Palabrasclave: Tiempo,Huasteca,arqueología,lingüística,cronología,México,Postclásico.
Abstract: The northeastern corner of Mesoamerica is historically known as the Huastec region. In Prehispanic times, a distinctive set of artistic expressions characterized this area; most prominent are stone sculptures and ceramic vessels that define the region archae- ologically. However, most of these objects come from century-old looting activities and uncontrolled excavations. The region received its name from the once dominant indigenous group – speakers of a Maya-related language, Teenek. The Aztecs called them Cuexteca, today Huastecs.
This article discusses how notions of time have constituted a problematic issue for the study of Huastec culture history. There are etic and emic problems. From an etic perspective, we are interested in how historically inclined disciplines identify Huastec presence in the region through their material remains and language patterns. From an emic point of view, we discuss the evidence for time conceptions developed and used by the ancient society, such as astronomical observation points and calendrical records. In this overview of Huastec studies on the topic of time, more questions than answers arise.
Keywords: Time, Huasteca, archaeology, linguistics, chronology, Mexico, Postclassic."
Palabras clave: Tiempo, arqueología, cronología, periodización, Mesoamérica.
Abstract: Archaeologists observe the development of humanity through changes in material culture in the archaeological context. The passage of time is measured, for exam- ple, based on changes in raw materials used (three-age system), on transformations in the shape of artifacts (type), on the relative position of objects in excavations (stratigraphy) or on physico-chemical changes in the materials themselves (e.g., carbon 14, thermolumines- cence). The dates and chronologies generated in this way are, almost entirely, expressions of a linear conception of time that is unidirectional and static, while not necessarily adequately representing the cultural processes under investigation, and even less the perspective of people living in the past. The objective of this paper is to highlight some of the conceptual problems encountered and provide theoretical references for a discussion of time manage- ment and periodization in archaeology, using the example of Prehispanic Mesoamerican chronology.
Keywords: Time, archaeology, chronology, periodization, Mesoamerica.
Sociocultural Consequences of Aztec Imperialism in the Huaxtec Region of Mesoamerica. In: Astrid Windus, Eberhard Crailsheim (ed.): Image – Object – Performance. Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines. Series:
Cultural Encounters and the Discourses of Scholarship,
Band 5, 2013, pp. 225-241.Waxmann Verlag, Münster, Germany
http://www.waxmann.com/buch2929
ISBN 978-3-8309-2929-1
E-Book: 978-3-8309-7929-6, € 33,99
En este artículo se analizan las maneras en que las diferentes nociones del tiempo han constituido una cuestión problemática para el estudio de la historia de la cultura huasteca. Las dificultades son de carácter emic y etic. Desde el punto de vista etic analizamos cómo las disciplinas históricas identificaron la presencia huasteca en la región a través de restos arqueológicos y de patrones lingüísticos. Desde el punto de vista emic se discute la eviden- cia de concepciones del tiempo desarrolladas y utilizadas por los antiguos pobladores, por ejemplo, puntos de observación astronómica y registros calendáricos. En este panorama de los estudios huastequistas sobre el tema del tiempo surgen más preguntas que respuestas.
Palabrasclave: Tiempo,Huasteca,arqueología,lingüística,cronología,México,Postclásico.
Abstract: The northeastern corner of Mesoamerica is historically known as the Huastec region. In Prehispanic times, a distinctive set of artistic expressions characterized this area; most prominent are stone sculptures and ceramic vessels that define the region archae- ologically. However, most of these objects come from century-old looting activities and uncontrolled excavations. The region received its name from the once dominant indigenous group – speakers of a Maya-related language, Teenek. The Aztecs called them Cuexteca, today Huastecs.
This article discusses how notions of time have constituted a problematic issue for the study of Huastec culture history. There are etic and emic problems. From an etic perspective, we are interested in how historically inclined disciplines identify Huastec presence in the region through their material remains and language patterns. From an emic point of view, we discuss the evidence for time conceptions developed and used by the ancient society, such as astronomical observation points and calendrical records. In this overview of Huastec studies on the topic of time, more questions than answers arise.
Keywords: Time, Huasteca, archaeology, linguistics, chronology, Mexico, Postclassic."
Palabras clave: Tiempo, arqueología, cronología, periodización, Mesoamérica.
Abstract: Archaeologists observe the development of humanity through changes in material culture in the archaeological context. The passage of time is measured, for exam- ple, based on changes in raw materials used (three-age system), on transformations in the shape of artifacts (type), on the relative position of objects in excavations (stratigraphy) or on physico-chemical changes in the materials themselves (e.g., carbon 14, thermolumines- cence). The dates and chronologies generated in this way are, almost entirely, expressions of a linear conception of time that is unidirectional and static, while not necessarily adequately representing the cultural processes under investigation, and even less the perspective of people living in the past. The objective of this paper is to highlight some of the conceptual problems encountered and provide theoretical references for a discussion of time manage- ment and periodization in archaeology, using the example of Prehispanic Mesoamerican chronology.
Keywords: Time, archaeology, chronology, periodization, Mesoamerica.
We present a case study in videogrammetry from the Huastec site of Tamtoc in the Mexican federal state of San Luis Potosi. Tamtoc is a massive site that features impressive remains of pyramids, temples, elite residences and other monu-mental architecture, as well as large stone reliefs. Managing the site is a challenge, due to tropical climate and limited acces-sibility (which was further reduced by the extreme weather events of 2013). Our case study is thus a good example of what versatile, lightweight and robust technology can achieve even under adverse working conditions.
The work presented in this paper is part of "Archaeocopter" (www.archaeocopter.de), a joint research project by the Univer-sity of Applied Sciences Dresden and the Free University of Berlin. It is committed to the design and development of UAVs for airborne image data acquisition in archaeology and related fields. In order to optimise the hardware and software for real-world applications, the project’s research and development work is continuously supported and guided by international partners, such as the state heritage management authorities of the German federal state of Saxony, the German Archaeo-logical Institute (DAI) and the Mexican National Institute of Anthropology (INAH).
heritage. Structure from Motion (SfM) is a popular method for extracting
3D structure from series of overlapping images. The two complement each
other ideally in the form of ultralight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
carrying high-resolution video cameras.
This paper discusses the use of low-cost, consumer grade UAVs and
cameras for archaeological documentation. To illustrate principles and
practice, we present a case study from the ancient Huastec site of
Tamtoc in the Mexican federal state of San Luis Potosi. Tamtoc is a
massive Mesoamerican site that features the impressive, now partly
restored, remains of pyramids, temples, elite residences and other
monumental architecture, as well as large stone reliefs. Managing the
site is a challenge, due to tropical climate and limited accessibility
(which was further reduced by the extreme weather events of 2013). Our
case study is thus a good example of what versatile, lightweight and
robust technology can achieve even under adverse working conditions.
The video material produced by UAV-borne cameras constitutes ideal input
for the SfM-based reconstruction of buildings, sites or terrain.
Unfortunately, the flexibility and affordability of this approach comes
at the price of extreme computational demands and inhomogeneous 3D point
cloud output. Rigid image acquisition strategies and intensive
post-processing are required to obtain both densely sampled 3D point
clouds and high-quality meshed surfaces. However, advances in GPU-based
parallel processing allow for the rapid production of preview models for
quality assurance, while increasingly efficienct, automated workflows
allow for on-demand, off-site data processing at full detail level.
The work presented in this paper is part of "Archaeocopter"
(www.archaeocopter.de), a joint research project by the University of
Applied Sciences Dresden and the Free University of Berlin. It is
committed to the design and development of UAVs for airborne image data
acquisition in archaeology and related fields. In order to optimise the
hardware and software for real-world applications, the project's
research and development work is continuously supported and guided by
international partners, such as the state heritage management
authorities of the German federal state of Saxony, the German
Archaeological Institute (DAI) and the Mexican National Institute of Anthropology (INAH).
Fourteen case studies from an interdisciplinary group of archaeologists, anthropologists, ethnohistorians, and art historians consciously compare and contrast changes and continuities in material culture before and after the Spanish conquest, in Prehispanic and Colonial documents, and in oral traditions rooted in the present but reflecting upon the deep past. Contributors consider both indigenous and European perspectives while exposing and addressing the difficulties that arise from the application of this conjunctive approach.
Inspired by the late Dr. Bruce E. Byland’s work in the Mixteca, which exemplified the union of archaeological and historical evidence and inspired new generations of scholars, Bridging the Gaps promotes the practice of integrative studies to explore the complex intersections between social organization and political alliances, religion and sacred landscape, ethnic identity and mobility, colonialism and resistance, and territoriality and economic resources.
Contributors: Bruce E. Byland, Bas van Doesburg, Viola König, Peter Kroefges, Michael Lind, Carlos Rincón Mautner, Geoffrey G. McCafferty, Sharisse D. McCafferty, Liana I. Jiménez Osorio, John M. D. Pohl, Emmanuel Posselt Santoyo, Adam Sellen, Ronald Spores, Stephen L. Whittington, Andrew Workinger, Danny Zborover, Judith F. Zeitlin