The synthesis and characterization of a set of poly(aryl ether) dendrimers with tetraphenylporphy... more The synthesis and characterization of a set of poly(aryl ether) dendrimers with tetraphenylporphyrin as the core and 4, 8, 16, or 32 closo-carborane clusters are described. A regioselective hydrosilylation reaction on the allyl-terminated functions with carboranylsilanes in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst leads to different generations of boron-enriched dendrimers. This versatile approach allows the incorporation of a large number of boron atoms in the dendrimers' periphery. Translational diffusion coefficients (D) determined by DOSY NMR experiments permit estimation of the hydrodynamic radius (RH) and molecular size for each dendrimer. Furthermore, a notable correlation between D and the molecular weight (MW) is found and can be used to predict their overall size and folding properties. The UV-vis and emission behavior are not largely affected by the functionalization, therefore implying that the presence of carboranes does not alter their photoluminescence properties.
Silver is extensively used in homogeneous catalysis for organic synthesis owing to its Lewis acid... more Silver is extensively used in homogeneous catalysis for organic synthesis owing to its Lewis acidity, and as a powerful one-electron oxidant. However, two-electron redox catalytic cycles, which are most common in noble metal organometallic reactivity, have never been considered. Here we show that a Ag(I)/Ag(III) catalytic cycle is operative in model C-O and C-C cross-coupling reactions. An aryl-Ag(III) species is unequivocally identified as an intermediate in the catalytic cycle and we provide direct evidence of aryl halide oxidative addition and C-N, C-O, C-S, C-C and C-halide bond-forming reductive elimination steps at monometallic silver centres. We anticipate our study as the starting point for expanding Ag(I)/Ag(III) redox chemistry into new methodologies for organic synthesis, resembling well-known copper or palladium cross-coupling catalysis. Furthermore, findings described herein provide unique fundamental mechanistic understanding on Ag-catalysed cross-coupling reactions an...
ABSTRACT Bis-silylated dihydroimidazolium salt 1 and monosilylated imidazolium salt 2 are transfo... more ABSTRACT Bis-silylated dihydroimidazolium salt 1 and monosilylated imidazolium salt 2 are transformed to (NHC)RhCl(COD) complexes 3 and 4, allowing the preparation of hybrid silica materials either by sol-gel or grafting processes. Full characterization of the materials by means of solid state NMR, N2-sorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis was followed by evaluation of catalytic activity in the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkynes. Excellent yields of the cycloadducts are obtained for up to six consecutive cycles with the grafted material, using simple filtration to recover the catalyst. Both conventional and microwave heating prove effective for the process described.
ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Since fullerenes are available in macroscopic quantities from fullerene soot, large efforts have ... more Since fullerenes are available in macroscopic quantities from fullerene soot, large efforts have been geared toward designing efficient strategies to obtain highly pure fullerenes, which can be subsequently applied in multiple research fields. Here we present a supramolecular nanocage synthesized by metal-directed self-assembly, which encapsulates fullerenes of different sizes. Direct experimental evidence is provided for the 1:1 encapsulation of C60, C70, C76, C78 and C84, and solid state structures for the host-guest adducts with C60 and C70 have been obtained using X-ray synchrotron radiation. Furthermore, we design a washing-based strategy to exclusively extract pure C60 from a solid sample of cage charged with a mixture of fullerenes. These results showcase an attractive methodology to selectively extract C60 from fullerene mixtures, providing a platform to design tuned cages for selective extraction of higher fullerenes. The solid-phase fullerene encapsulation and liberation represent a twist in host-guest chemistry for molecular nanocage structures.
The determination of enantiomeric purity can be accomplished by NMR spectroscopy using a great va... more The determination of enantiomeric purity can be accomplished by NMR spectroscopy using a great variety of auxiliary chiral sources. Of these, chiral solvating agents (CSAs), such as the so-called Pirkle alcohol (PA) or cyclodextrins (CDs), have been widely used. They do not typically introduce significant line-broadening, the sample is easily prepared and the analysis is quickly performed by observing chemical shift differences between the resulting diasteromeric complexes in conventional 1H NMR spectra. However, signal enantiodifferentiation using CSAs is not uniform for all protons and in many cases, low chemical shift differences values and signal overlap caused by complex multiplets lead to the lack of spectral signal dispersion that preclude a straightforward analysis. Alternatively, enantiodifferentiation using 13C NMR spectroscopy can be more advantageous because singlet signals are analyzed although its routine use is limited by its low sensitivity. We show how the combinati...
The synthesis and characterization of a set of poly(aryl ether) dendrimers with tetraphenylporphy... more The synthesis and characterization of a set of poly(aryl ether) dendrimers with tetraphenylporphyrin as the core and 4, 8, 16, or 32 closo-carborane clusters are described. A regioselective hydrosilylation reaction on the allyl-terminated functions with carboranylsilanes in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst leads to different generations of boron-enriched dendrimers. This versatile approach allows the incorporation of a large number of boron atoms in the dendrimers' periphery. Translational diffusion coefficients (D) determined by DOSY NMR experiments permit estimation of the hydrodynamic radius (RH) and molecular size for each dendrimer. Furthermore, a notable correlation between D and the molecular weight (MW) is found and can be used to predict their overall size and folding properties. The UV-vis and emission behavior are not largely affected by the functionalization, therefore implying that the presence of carboranes does not alter their photoluminescence properties.
Silver is extensively used in homogeneous catalysis for organic synthesis owing to its Lewis acid... more Silver is extensively used in homogeneous catalysis for organic synthesis owing to its Lewis acidity, and as a powerful one-electron oxidant. However, two-electron redox catalytic cycles, which are most common in noble metal organometallic reactivity, have never been considered. Here we show that a Ag(I)/Ag(III) catalytic cycle is operative in model C-O and C-C cross-coupling reactions. An aryl-Ag(III) species is unequivocally identified as an intermediate in the catalytic cycle and we provide direct evidence of aryl halide oxidative addition and C-N, C-O, C-S, C-C and C-halide bond-forming reductive elimination steps at monometallic silver centres. We anticipate our study as the starting point for expanding Ag(I)/Ag(III) redox chemistry into new methodologies for organic synthesis, resembling well-known copper or palladium cross-coupling catalysis. Furthermore, findings described herein provide unique fundamental mechanistic understanding on Ag-catalysed cross-coupling reactions an...
ABSTRACT Bis-silylated dihydroimidazolium salt 1 and monosilylated imidazolium salt 2 are transfo... more ABSTRACT Bis-silylated dihydroimidazolium salt 1 and monosilylated imidazolium salt 2 are transformed to (NHC)RhCl(COD) complexes 3 and 4, allowing the preparation of hybrid silica materials either by sol-gel or grafting processes. Full characterization of the materials by means of solid state NMR, N2-sorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis was followed by evaluation of catalytic activity in the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkynes. Excellent yields of the cycloadducts are obtained for up to six consecutive cycles with the grafted material, using simple filtration to recover the catalyst. Both conventional and microwave heating prove effective for the process described.
ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Since fullerenes are available in macroscopic quantities from fullerene soot, large efforts have ... more Since fullerenes are available in macroscopic quantities from fullerene soot, large efforts have been geared toward designing efficient strategies to obtain highly pure fullerenes, which can be subsequently applied in multiple research fields. Here we present a supramolecular nanocage synthesized by metal-directed self-assembly, which encapsulates fullerenes of different sizes. Direct experimental evidence is provided for the 1:1 encapsulation of C60, C70, C76, C78 and C84, and solid state structures for the host-guest adducts with C60 and C70 have been obtained using X-ray synchrotron radiation. Furthermore, we design a washing-based strategy to exclusively extract pure C60 from a solid sample of cage charged with a mixture of fullerenes. These results showcase an attractive methodology to selectively extract C60 from fullerene mixtures, providing a platform to design tuned cages for selective extraction of higher fullerenes. The solid-phase fullerene encapsulation and liberation represent a twist in host-guest chemistry for molecular nanocage structures.
The determination of enantiomeric purity can be accomplished by NMR spectroscopy using a great va... more The determination of enantiomeric purity can be accomplished by NMR spectroscopy using a great variety of auxiliary chiral sources. Of these, chiral solvating agents (CSAs), such as the so-called Pirkle alcohol (PA) or cyclodextrins (CDs), have been widely used. They do not typically introduce significant line-broadening, the sample is easily prepared and the analysis is quickly performed by observing chemical shift differences between the resulting diasteromeric complexes in conventional 1H NMR spectra. However, signal enantiodifferentiation using CSAs is not uniform for all protons and in many cases, low chemical shift differences values and signal overlap caused by complex multiplets lead to the lack of spectral signal dispersion that preclude a straightforward analysis. Alternatively, enantiodifferentiation using 13C NMR spectroscopy can be more advantageous because singlet signals are analyzed although its routine use is limited by its low sensitivity. We show how the combinati...
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