International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE, Jan 19, 2016
This study examined whether cognitive symptoms and health-related quality of life can be affected... more This study examined whether cognitive symptoms and health-related quality of life can be affected by welding fume exposure. Participants consisted of welders (n = 40) and welder assistants (n = 25) from welding units as the exposed group, and office workers (n = 44) as the non-exposed group. All participants were studied using ambient air monitoring and two types of questionnaires: the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Welders and welder assistants were exposed to higher concentrations of all airborne metals than office employees, except for aluminum and chromium (p < 0.05). Mean (95% confidence interval) CFQ score was higher in welders (26.42 (12.74)) compared with welder assistants (22.68 (14.37)) and the non-exposed group (21.38 (8.75)), although these differences were not statistically significant. Mean total score of the SF-36 significantly differed among the three groups (p < 0.05) and welders had the lowest score (M...
Frequent nursing errors are considered as factors that affect the quality of healthcare of patien... more Frequent nursing errors are considered as factors that affect the quality of healthcare of patients. Capable nurses who are compatible with work conditions are more focused on their tasks, and this reduces their errors and cognitive failures. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between work ability index (WAI) and cognitive failures (CFs) as well as some factors that affect them in nurses working in the ICU, CCU, and emergency wards. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted with 750 nurses at educational hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A questionnaire of work ability index and cognitive failures was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, chi-squared, ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Using the Pearson correlation test, the results of this study showed that there is a significant, inverse relationship between WAI, personal prognosis of work ability, and mental resources with CFs along with all its subscales in nurses (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, there was an inverse and significant relationship between the total score of CFs and the estimated work impairment due to diseases (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation of CFs with age and experience, while WAI was inversely related to age, work experience, and body mass index (BMI) (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). WAI and CFs were related significantly to working units (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Considering the results obtained in this study, WAI and the cognitive status of nurses were lower than the specified limit. It is suggested that the work ability of nurses be improved and that their CFs be reduced through various measures, including pre-employment examinations, proper management of work-shift conditions, and using engineering and administrative strategies to ensure the safety of hospitalized patients.
Background: The wind turbine's sound seems to have a proportional effect on health of people livi... more Background: The wind turbine's sound seems to have a proportional effect on health of people living near to wind farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise emitted from wind turbines on general health, sleep and annoyance among workers of manjil wind farm, Iran. Materials and methods: A total number of 53 workers took part in this study. Based on the type of job, they were categorized into three groups of maintenance, security and office staff. The persons' exposure at each job-related group was measured by eight-hour equivalent sound level (LAeq, 8 h). A Noise annoyance scale, Epworth sleepiness scale and 28-item general health questionnaire was used for gathering data from workers. The data were analyzed through Multivariate Analysis of variance (MANOVA) test, Pillai's Trace test, Paired comparisons analysis and Multivariate regression test were used in the R software.
Night work can have a significant impact on health, well-being, performance and occupational safe... more Night work can have a significant impact on health, well-being, performance and occupational safety of workers. Night workers often complain about the sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness. The aim of the study was to determine the level of sleepiness among night workers and investigate its relationship with oral temperature in a hot industry. This cross-sectional study involved 80 night workers. Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) has been used to measure the level of sleepiness. Oral temperature and SSS were recorded at different hours of night shift (23 pm to 4 am) for two consecutive nights. The analysis of results showed that there was a positive linear trend in the sleepiness scale (Pvalue<0.001) and an increasing trend in the oral temperature between 23pm and 1am. Then a decreasing trend has been observed after 1am for both of them (Pvalue <0.001). Comparison of the results for two nights indicated that the mean sleepiness index in the second night is higher ...
Background and Objectives: Today, 24-hours work is an unavoidable component in several industries... more Background and Objectives: Today, 24-hours work is an unavoidable component in several industries. Night-work is an imperative situation for an important part of the work forces. Shift-working is called to work at hours out of the usual day-work time (7:00 am to 6:00 pm). This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic research was carried out in order to investigate sleepiness and changes in vital signs among the clinical shift workers at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam, Iran. Methods: Statistical population of the research was determined to be 79 persons, and data collection process was carried out in a simple random manner. Two questionnaires were employed to collect the required data; a demographic questionnaire, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) questionnaire. A medical thermometer and a manometer were also used to gather the data related to oral temperature and blood pressure, respectively. The difference in the mean intensity of sleepiness between the different demographic gro...
Background and Objectives: Shift working has the potential to negatively influence the quality of... more Background and Objectives: Shift working has the potential to negatively influence the quality of work life among nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outbreak of shift work-related disorders and the relationship between shift work and job satisfaction in order to help identify potential strategies for improving the quality of life of shift-working nurses of Ilam University's subsidiary hospitals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 84 shift-working nurses at three hospitals were randomly selected. The Survey of Shift worker (SOS) questionnaire was used as the major study tool. The nurses' demographic and work condition data were collected using a research-made questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for inferential analysis of the data.. Findings: Psychological disorder (96.4%) was found to be the most prevalent shift work-related problem followed by social life (84.5%) and digestive problems (81%), respectively. The nurses who had chosen shift work vol...
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2015
Honey contains a complex mixture of carbohydrates and other minor substances. Elements are minor ... more Honey contains a complex mixture of carbohydrates and other minor substances. Elements are minor constituents of honey that may threaten the human health in excess concentrations. So, determining the metals in honey helps its quality control as a food product. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of some metals in Iranian honey. This study was performed in four regions of Ardabil, a province of Iran. Honey samples (n = 25) were digested in microwave oven by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma- optic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES). No significant differences were observed in cadmium, zinc, nickel, and chromium levels between regions (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). Zinc was the most abundant metal in honey samples (1481.64 μg/kg). Some metals had higher concentrations in the East region because of existence more industries there. The highest mean of lead level was 935.48 μg/kg in the East and the lowest was 205.4 μg/kg in the South region. The concentrations of metals were compared with recommended limits for foods. Some of them were higher than standard levels (lead) and some were lower than those (cadmium). Metals are released into the environment through their use in industrial processes and enter the food chain from uptake by plants from contaminated soil or water. Metals concentration in various places depends on many variables, leading to their different concentrations in honey. Some control measures like the quality control of food products, monitoring the soil in agricultural regions and limiting the use of fertilizers are recommended.
Electrical burns account for a significant percentage of fatal accidents. Each year, a number of ... more Electrical burns account for a significant percentage of fatal accidents. Each year, a number of consumers in Iran suffer from electrical injuries due to technical problems, equipment failures, and the unauthorized use of electricity. The aim of this study was to examine the root causes of accidents that involved electricity in the district served by the Western Tehran Province Electricity Distribution Company. This was a descriptive study in which incidents involving electricity-related injuries were investigated among customers served by the Western Tehran Province Electricity Distribution Company. Therefore, we collected and analyzed incident reports filed by citizens from 2005 through the first half of 2009 in the Distribution Company's coverage area, including Savejbolagh, Shahriyar, eastern Karaj, Qods City, southern Karaj, western Karaj, Malard, and Mehrshahr. The reported events were analyzed using SPSS software. Exposure of electricity lines and unauthorized constructio...
Background: The workplace plays an important role in workers' performances, but most workplaces h... more Background: The workplace plays an important role in workers' performances, but most workplaces have not been designed and equipped in keeping with primary ergonomic principles. Ignoring these principles can cause ergonomic risk factors, difficulties for workers, and damage to workers' health. The aim of this study was to identify acceptable ergonomic properties in workplaces in order to determine and investigate the aspects of workstations that cause occupational discomfort. To accomplish this aim, we used the Finish method to evaluate workstations in an electricity distribution company in Tehran. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted for all of the workstations in an electrical power distribution company using the census method. The desired information was collected through objective observation using the Finish checklist of ergonomic issues in the workplace. Then, we used SPSS version 16 to analyze the information. Results: In 11.2% of the workstations, none of the ergonomic principles was considered, so workers' bodied were not situated appropriately while they were working. In 31% of the cases, lighting ranged between 10% and 50% of the recommended amount, and some of the workers appeared to be in a slight daze. In 42.3% of the cases, the temperature in the workplace was in the range of 25 to 27 o C. In 42.3 and 52.3% of the cases, ratings of noise were 2 and 3, respectively, indicating that the noise levels were 60-70 dB and 70-80 dB, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used to determine ergonomic deficiencies in workstations so they can be resolved. Based on our investigation, it was found that the workstations, first and foremost, had significant defects in terms of work components. Furthermore, there were some irritating problems concerning noise and concerning comfort levels related to the high temperature.
Work engagement is a new concept in the field of psychology and human resource management. Increa... more Work engagement is a new concept in the field of psychology and human resource management. Increased vitality and enthusiasm is a social phenomenon that brings work engagement for society. This study aimed to evaluate work engagement and its determinants in Kermanshah hospitals&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; staff. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 387 hospital administrative, clinical, paraclinical, and service staff. The sample size was calculated using Krejcei-Morgan table. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and job engagement components. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. The participants&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; mean (SD) of age was 32.63±2.7 years and most of them were female (57.6%). The results revealed a significant relationship between work engagement and age group (P=0.01) and work experience (P=0.04). However, no significant relationship was found between work engagement and sex, education level, and job unit. The results of this study showed that only job experience and age were associated with work engagement. However, no significant relationship was found between work engagement and education level, sex, and job. Thus, further studies are suggested to investigate the cultural factors and personality traits associated with job enthusiasm among the hospital staff, especially nurses.
This study evaluated the time performance in the emergency response center to provide pre-hospita... more This study evaluated the time performance in the emergency response center to provide pre-hospital emergency services in Kermanshah. This study was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. In this study 500 cases of patients from Shahrivar (September) 2012 to the end of Shahrivar (September) 2013 were selected and studied by the non-probability quota method. The measuring tool included a preset cases record sheet and sampling method was completing the cases record sheet by referring to the patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; cases. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 and the concepts of descriptive and inferential statistics (Kruskal-Wallis test, benchmark Eta (Eta), Games-Howell post hoc test). The results showed that the interval mean between receiving the mission to reaching the scene, between reaching the scene to moving from the scene, and between moving from the scene to a health center was 7.28, 16.73 and 7.28 minutes. The overall mean of time performance from the scene to the health center was 11.34 minutes. Any intervention in order to speed up service delivery, reduce response times, ambulance equipment and facilities required for accuracy, validity and reliability of the data recorded in the emergency dispatch department, Continuing Education of ambulance staffs, the use of manpower with higher specialize levels such as nurses, supply the job satisfaction, and increase the coordination with other departments that are somehow involved in this process can provide the ground for reducing the loss and disability resulting from traffic accidents.
Background: Major injuries and death in accidents have roots in drowsiness. Sleepiness is a main ... more Background: Major injuries and death in accidents have roots in drowsiness. Sleepiness is a main result of insufficient sleep. It is vital to explore drowsiness and its level. There are various sorts of methods in the forms of subjective and objective approaches. The goal of this study was to detect the association of subjective and interpretive drowsiness with facial dynamic changes. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Virtual Reality Lab, in Khaje-Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran Iran on 40 drivers in 2015. Facial Dynamic changes (eyes, mouth and eyebrows), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Observer Rating of Drowsiness (ORD) were applied. The neural network and Viola-Jones were utilized for facial characteristics detection. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21. Result: Thirty-four drivers got drowsy during the test. They were selected randomly among suburban drivers at the age in a range of 26 to 60 yr old. Descriptive statistics of the dynamic changes in eyebrows, mouth and eyes showed that these features were of meaningful changes with respect to the level of drowsiness during driving. A relationship between the dynamic changes of facial features and ORD was recognized. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between facial expression and drowsiness (P<0.05). Conclusions: Results of KSS and ORD illustrated that there were dynamic changes in eyes and mouth and eyebrow parameters while driver felt sleepy.
Students are the future-makers of society and the importance of this issue is doubled due to the
... more Students are the future-makers of society and the importance of this issue is doubled due to the young population of our country. Physical and mental health of students is directly related to the health and future of society. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and sleep quality of students residing at dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The samples were randomly selected by a demographic questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and DASS21 questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean and standard deviation) and one-way ANOVA, chi-square, T-Test and Pearson correlation analysis with the aid of SPSS software version 21 at a significance level of 5%. The findings show that 16.1% of students suffer from anxiety, 5% from stress and 14.3% from depression and that the average sleep quality of students is 5.16 ± 2.88 which indicates a weak sleep disorder among 52.7% of students. There was no significant difference between scores of stress, anxiety, depression and sleep quality was of two genders. The most correlation was seen between stress and sleep quality (0.39). The results of this study revealed that academic study is associated with anxiety, depression and sleep quality fall due to the presence of various stresses. Here we recommend the authorities for reduction of stressors and creation of a calmer environment for students.
International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE, Jan 19, 2016
This study examined whether cognitive symptoms and health-related quality of life can be affected... more This study examined whether cognitive symptoms and health-related quality of life can be affected by welding fume exposure. Participants consisted of welders (n = 40) and welder assistants (n = 25) from welding units as the exposed group, and office workers (n = 44) as the non-exposed group. All participants were studied using ambient air monitoring and two types of questionnaires: the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Welders and welder assistants were exposed to higher concentrations of all airborne metals than office employees, except for aluminum and chromium (p < 0.05). Mean (95% confidence interval) CFQ score was higher in welders (26.42 (12.74)) compared with welder assistants (22.68 (14.37)) and the non-exposed group (21.38 (8.75)), although these differences were not statistically significant. Mean total score of the SF-36 significantly differed among the three groups (p < 0.05) and welders had the lowest score (M...
Frequent nursing errors are considered as factors that affect the quality of healthcare of patien... more Frequent nursing errors are considered as factors that affect the quality of healthcare of patients. Capable nurses who are compatible with work conditions are more focused on their tasks, and this reduces their errors and cognitive failures. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between work ability index (WAI) and cognitive failures (CFs) as well as some factors that affect them in nurses working in the ICU, CCU, and emergency wards. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted with 750 nurses at educational hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A questionnaire of work ability index and cognitive failures was used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, chi-squared, ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Using the Pearson correlation test, the results of this study showed that there is a significant, inverse relationship between WAI, personal prognosis of work ability, and mental resources with CFs along with all its subscales in nurses (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, there was an inverse and significant relationship between the total score of CFs and the estimated work impairment due to diseases (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation of CFs with age and experience, while WAI was inversely related to age, work experience, and body mass index (BMI) (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). WAI and CFs were related significantly to working units (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Considering the results obtained in this study, WAI and the cognitive status of nurses were lower than the specified limit. It is suggested that the work ability of nurses be improved and that their CFs be reduced through various measures, including pre-employment examinations, proper management of work-shift conditions, and using engineering and administrative strategies to ensure the safety of hospitalized patients.
Background: The wind turbine's sound seems to have a proportional effect on health of people livi... more Background: The wind turbine's sound seems to have a proportional effect on health of people living near to wind farms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise emitted from wind turbines on general health, sleep and annoyance among workers of manjil wind farm, Iran. Materials and methods: A total number of 53 workers took part in this study. Based on the type of job, they were categorized into three groups of maintenance, security and office staff. The persons' exposure at each job-related group was measured by eight-hour equivalent sound level (LAeq, 8 h). A Noise annoyance scale, Epworth sleepiness scale and 28-item general health questionnaire was used for gathering data from workers. The data were analyzed through Multivariate Analysis of variance (MANOVA) test, Pillai's Trace test, Paired comparisons analysis and Multivariate regression test were used in the R software.
Night work can have a significant impact on health, well-being, performance and occupational safe... more Night work can have a significant impact on health, well-being, performance and occupational safety of workers. Night workers often complain about the sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness. The aim of the study was to determine the level of sleepiness among night workers and investigate its relationship with oral temperature in a hot industry. This cross-sectional study involved 80 night workers. Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) has been used to measure the level of sleepiness. Oral temperature and SSS were recorded at different hours of night shift (23 pm to 4 am) for two consecutive nights. The analysis of results showed that there was a positive linear trend in the sleepiness scale (Pvalue<0.001) and an increasing trend in the oral temperature between 23pm and 1am. Then a decreasing trend has been observed after 1am for both of them (Pvalue <0.001). Comparison of the results for two nights indicated that the mean sleepiness index in the second night is higher ...
Background and Objectives: Today, 24-hours work is an unavoidable component in several industries... more Background and Objectives: Today, 24-hours work is an unavoidable component in several industries. Night-work is an imperative situation for an important part of the work forces. Shift-working is called to work at hours out of the usual day-work time (7:00 am to 6:00 pm). This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic research was carried out in order to investigate sleepiness and changes in vital signs among the clinical shift workers at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam, Iran. Methods: Statistical population of the research was determined to be 79 persons, and data collection process was carried out in a simple random manner. Two questionnaires were employed to collect the required data; a demographic questionnaire, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) questionnaire. A medical thermometer and a manometer were also used to gather the data related to oral temperature and blood pressure, respectively. The difference in the mean intensity of sleepiness between the different demographic gro...
Background and Objectives: Shift working has the potential to negatively influence the quality of... more Background and Objectives: Shift working has the potential to negatively influence the quality of work life among nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outbreak of shift work-related disorders and the relationship between shift work and job satisfaction in order to help identify potential strategies for improving the quality of life of shift-working nurses of Ilam University's subsidiary hospitals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 84 shift-working nurses at three hospitals were randomly selected. The Survey of Shift worker (SOS) questionnaire was used as the major study tool. The nurses' demographic and work condition data were collected using a research-made questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for inferential analysis of the data.. Findings: Psychological disorder (96.4%) was found to be the most prevalent shift work-related problem followed by social life (84.5%) and digestive problems (81%), respectively. The nurses who had chosen shift work vol...
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2015
Honey contains a complex mixture of carbohydrates and other minor substances. Elements are minor ... more Honey contains a complex mixture of carbohydrates and other minor substances. Elements are minor constituents of honey that may threaten the human health in excess concentrations. So, determining the metals in honey helps its quality control as a food product. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of some metals in Iranian honey. This study was performed in four regions of Ardabil, a province of Iran. Honey samples (n = 25) were digested in microwave oven by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma- optic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES). No significant differences were observed in cadmium, zinc, nickel, and chromium levels between regions (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). Zinc was the most abundant metal in honey samples (1481.64 μg/kg). Some metals had higher concentrations in the East region because of existence more industries there. The highest mean of lead level was 935.48 μg/kg in the East and the lowest was 205.4 μg/kg in the South region. The concentrations of metals were compared with recommended limits for foods. Some of them were higher than standard levels (lead) and some were lower than those (cadmium). Metals are released into the environment through their use in industrial processes and enter the food chain from uptake by plants from contaminated soil or water. Metals concentration in various places depends on many variables, leading to their different concentrations in honey. Some control measures like the quality control of food products, monitoring the soil in agricultural regions and limiting the use of fertilizers are recommended.
Electrical burns account for a significant percentage of fatal accidents. Each year, a number of ... more Electrical burns account for a significant percentage of fatal accidents. Each year, a number of consumers in Iran suffer from electrical injuries due to technical problems, equipment failures, and the unauthorized use of electricity. The aim of this study was to examine the root causes of accidents that involved electricity in the district served by the Western Tehran Province Electricity Distribution Company. This was a descriptive study in which incidents involving electricity-related injuries were investigated among customers served by the Western Tehran Province Electricity Distribution Company. Therefore, we collected and analyzed incident reports filed by citizens from 2005 through the first half of 2009 in the Distribution Company's coverage area, including Savejbolagh, Shahriyar, eastern Karaj, Qods City, southern Karaj, western Karaj, Malard, and Mehrshahr. The reported events were analyzed using SPSS software. Exposure of electricity lines and unauthorized constructio...
Background: The workplace plays an important role in workers' performances, but most workplaces h... more Background: The workplace plays an important role in workers' performances, but most workplaces have not been designed and equipped in keeping with primary ergonomic principles. Ignoring these principles can cause ergonomic risk factors, difficulties for workers, and damage to workers' health. The aim of this study was to identify acceptable ergonomic properties in workplaces in order to determine and investigate the aspects of workstations that cause occupational discomfort. To accomplish this aim, we used the Finish method to evaluate workstations in an electricity distribution company in Tehran. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted for all of the workstations in an electrical power distribution company using the census method. The desired information was collected through objective observation using the Finish checklist of ergonomic issues in the workplace. Then, we used SPSS version 16 to analyze the information. Results: In 11.2% of the workstations, none of the ergonomic principles was considered, so workers' bodied were not situated appropriately while they were working. In 31% of the cases, lighting ranged between 10% and 50% of the recommended amount, and some of the workers appeared to be in a slight daze. In 42.3% of the cases, the temperature in the workplace was in the range of 25 to 27 o C. In 42.3 and 52.3% of the cases, ratings of noise were 2 and 3, respectively, indicating that the noise levels were 60-70 dB and 70-80 dB, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used to determine ergonomic deficiencies in workstations so they can be resolved. Based on our investigation, it was found that the workstations, first and foremost, had significant defects in terms of work components. Furthermore, there were some irritating problems concerning noise and concerning comfort levels related to the high temperature.
Work engagement is a new concept in the field of psychology and human resource management. Increa... more Work engagement is a new concept in the field of psychology and human resource management. Increased vitality and enthusiasm is a social phenomenon that brings work engagement for society. This study aimed to evaluate work engagement and its determinants in Kermanshah hospitals&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; staff. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 387 hospital administrative, clinical, paraclinical, and service staff. The sample size was calculated using Krejcei-Morgan table. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and job engagement components. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. The participants&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; mean (SD) of age was 32.63±2.7 years and most of them were female (57.6%). The results revealed a significant relationship between work engagement and age group (P=0.01) and work experience (P=0.04). However, no significant relationship was found between work engagement and sex, education level, and job unit. The results of this study showed that only job experience and age were associated with work engagement. However, no significant relationship was found between work engagement and education level, sex, and job. Thus, further studies are suggested to investigate the cultural factors and personality traits associated with job enthusiasm among the hospital staff, especially nurses.
This study evaluated the time performance in the emergency response center to provide pre-hospita... more This study evaluated the time performance in the emergency response center to provide pre-hospital emergency services in Kermanshah. This study was a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. In this study 500 cases of patients from Shahrivar (September) 2012 to the end of Shahrivar (September) 2013 were selected and studied by the non-probability quota method. The measuring tool included a preset cases record sheet and sampling method was completing the cases record sheet by referring to the patients&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; cases. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 and the concepts of descriptive and inferential statistics (Kruskal-Wallis test, benchmark Eta (Eta), Games-Howell post hoc test). The results showed that the interval mean between receiving the mission to reaching the scene, between reaching the scene to moving from the scene, and between moving from the scene to a health center was 7.28, 16.73 and 7.28 minutes. The overall mean of time performance from the scene to the health center was 11.34 minutes. Any intervention in order to speed up service delivery, reduce response times, ambulance equipment and facilities required for accuracy, validity and reliability of the data recorded in the emergency dispatch department, Continuing Education of ambulance staffs, the use of manpower with higher specialize levels such as nurses, supply the job satisfaction, and increase the coordination with other departments that are somehow involved in this process can provide the ground for reducing the loss and disability resulting from traffic accidents.
Background: Major injuries and death in accidents have roots in drowsiness. Sleepiness is a main ... more Background: Major injuries and death in accidents have roots in drowsiness. Sleepiness is a main result of insufficient sleep. It is vital to explore drowsiness and its level. There are various sorts of methods in the forms of subjective and objective approaches. The goal of this study was to detect the association of subjective and interpretive drowsiness with facial dynamic changes. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Virtual Reality Lab, in Khaje-Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran Iran on 40 drivers in 2015. Facial Dynamic changes (eyes, mouth and eyebrows), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Observer Rating of Drowsiness (ORD) were applied. The neural network and Viola-Jones were utilized for facial characteristics detection. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21. Result: Thirty-four drivers got drowsy during the test. They were selected randomly among suburban drivers at the age in a range of 26 to 60 yr old. Descriptive statistics of the dynamic changes in eyebrows, mouth and eyes showed that these features were of meaningful changes with respect to the level of drowsiness during driving. A relationship between the dynamic changes of facial features and ORD was recognized. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between facial expression and drowsiness (P<0.05). Conclusions: Results of KSS and ORD illustrated that there were dynamic changes in eyes and mouth and eyebrow parameters while driver felt sleepy.
Students are the future-makers of society and the importance of this issue is doubled due to the
... more Students are the future-makers of society and the importance of this issue is doubled due to the young population of our country. Physical and mental health of students is directly related to the health and future of society. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and sleep quality of students residing at dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The samples were randomly selected by a demographic questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and DASS21 questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean and standard deviation) and one-way ANOVA, chi-square, T-Test and Pearson correlation analysis with the aid of SPSS software version 21 at a significance level of 5%. The findings show that 16.1% of students suffer from anxiety, 5% from stress and 14.3% from depression and that the average sleep quality of students is 5.16 ± 2.88 which indicates a weak sleep disorder among 52.7% of students. There was no significant difference between scores of stress, anxiety, depression and sleep quality was of two genders. The most correlation was seen between stress and sleep quality (0.39). The results of this study revealed that academic study is associated with anxiety, depression and sleep quality fall due to the presence of various stresses. Here we recommend the authorities for reduction of stressors and creation of a calmer environment for students.
Uploads
Papers
Association of Subjective and Interpretive Drowsiness with Facial Dynamic Changes In Simulator Driving. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288993763_Association_of_Subjective_and_Interpretive_Drowsiness_with_Facial_Dynamic_Changes_In_Simulator_Driving [accessed Jul 23, 2017].
young population of our country. Physical and mental health of students is directly related to the health and
future of society. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and
sleep quality of students residing at dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive and
analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
The samples were randomly selected by a demographic questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and
DASS21 questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables,
mean and standard deviation) and one-way ANOVA, chi-square, T-Test and Pearson correlation analysis
with the aid of SPSS software version 21 at a significance level of 5%. The findings show that 16.1% of students
suffer from anxiety, 5% from stress and 14.3% from depression and that the average sleep quality of students
is 5.16 ± 2.88 which indicates a weak sleep disorder among 52.7% of students. There was no significant
difference between scores of stress, anxiety, depression and sleep quality was of two genders. The most
correlation was seen between stress and sleep quality (0.39). The results of this study revealed that academic
study is associated with anxiety, depression and sleep quality fall due to the presence of various stresses.
Here we recommend the authorities for reduction of stressors and creation of a calmer environment for students.
Association of Subjective and Interpretive Drowsiness with Facial Dynamic Changes In Simulator Driving. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288993763_Association_of_Subjective_and_Interpretive_Drowsiness_with_Facial_Dynamic_Changes_In_Simulator_Driving [accessed Jul 23, 2017].
young population of our country. Physical and mental health of students is directly related to the health and
future of society. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and
sleep quality of students residing at dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive and
analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
The samples were randomly selected by a demographic questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and
DASS21 questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency tables,
mean and standard deviation) and one-way ANOVA, chi-square, T-Test and Pearson correlation analysis
with the aid of SPSS software version 21 at a significance level of 5%. The findings show that 16.1% of students
suffer from anxiety, 5% from stress and 14.3% from depression and that the average sleep quality of students
is 5.16 ± 2.88 which indicates a weak sleep disorder among 52.7% of students. There was no significant
difference between scores of stress, anxiety, depression and sleep quality was of two genders. The most
correlation was seen between stress and sleep quality (0.39). The results of this study revealed that academic
study is associated with anxiety, depression and sleep quality fall due to the presence of various stresses.
Here we recommend the authorities for reduction of stressors and creation of a calmer environment for students.