Conference Presentations
This poster presents the results of the archaeological survey at Bat, Oman. This survey was condu... more This poster presents the results of the archaeological survey at Bat, Oman. This survey was conducted in 2014 and 2015 as part of the digital heritage inventory development project. Bat is known as a largest cluster of Early Bronze Age tombs of the region, and therefore is archaeologically important for understanding the mortuary practices in southeast Arabia during that time period. We crosschecked the previous research records documented by Karen Frifelt (1985), Gerd Weisgerber (unpublished), and Charlotte Cable (2012), and also documented dimension, geomorphological setting, the orientation of entrance, and interior plan of every single feature, especially Umm an-Nar (UaN) type tomb. A quantitative analysis of these attributes revealed that there exist some rules in constructing UaN-type tombs, especially seen in plane area of tomb, interior layout, and orientation of entrance and inner wall. These results suggest that just like the elaborate mortuary ritual practice in UaN period, the construction of UaN type tombs was also a part of ritual practices in the Early Bronze Age Oman.
Keywords: cemetery, survey, spatial patterns, Bronze Age, Oman
Relevant bibliographical references
Cable, Charlotte M. 2012. A Multitude of Monuments: Finding and Defending Access to Resources in Third Millennium BC Oman. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University.
Frifelt, Karen. 1985. Further evidence of the third millennium BC town at Bat in Oman. The Journal of Oman Studies 7: 89–104.
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This paper reports on a project for mapping archaeological oasis settlements of Al-Hasi and Bat i... more This paper reports on a project for mapping archaeological oasis settlements of Al-Hasi and Bat in the interior of Oman. The following methods were applied: (1) high-resolution satellite remote sensing to map local topography and to detect surface features, (2) ground-truth mapping of features using global navigation satellite system (GNSS), laser range finder (LRF) and field geographical information system (GIS), (3) systematic and intensive surface collection of artefacts, and (4) soil sampling and particle size analysis. The settlement of Al-Hasi was situated on a terrace between two wadi systems, Wadi al-Kabir and Wadi Khuwaybah, located to the east and west respectively. Surface finds of potsherds along with soil particle size analysis suggest that the Bronze Age (ca. 3200-1300 BC) settlement was probably buried beneath an Islamic period field system. An irrigation channel and aqueduct were built across the active wadi drainage, along which bunds and a dam-like structure were constructed to protect the Islamic settlement from occasional floods. Similar flood-prevention facilities were also observed at the Bronze Age oasis settlement of Bat, located 18 km southeast of Al-Hasi. At Bat, long bifacial stone walls were built along the margin of a possible Bronze Age settlement. A dam-like structure was built in the alluvial lowland between the settlement and the cemetery. The stone walls appear to have functioned as bunds to protect the settlement from wadi floods, while the dam-like structure was used for receiving and storing flood waters. These discoveries indicate that Bronze Age and historic oasis towns paid special attention to construct facilities for prevention of flood hazards and to utilise flood waters for their subsistence economy. This was in addition to building underground channels (aflaj) for groundwater exploitation.
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Papers
The Journal of Oman Studies, Vol. 23, pp. 70-100, 2022
The spatial patterns of tombs in Oman during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3200–2000 BCE) indicate th... more The spatial patterns of tombs in Oman during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3200–2000 BCE) indicate the mobility and transportation of the local people. However, the tomb patterns in piedmont areas in Oman are less well understood than those in alluvial plains. This study reports 11 Early Bronze Age cemeteries identified in Tanūf District in Wilāyāt Nizwā, Ad-Dākhilīyah Governorate. Our surveys from 2017 to 2020 recorded 8 new and 2 previously identified Ḥafīt cemeteries, and 1 Umm an-Nār cemetery. The Ḥafīt cemeteries were identified in the low terrace of the Wādī Tanūf canyon (WTN08, WTN13, and WTN15), the hills on the floodplain of the modern town of Tanūf (TNF03 and TNF04), and the floodplains and hills in As-Suwaihiriyah (SWH01, SWH03, SWH04, SWH07, and SWH08). Moreover, an Umm an-Nār cemetery was discovered solely on the floodplains (SWH05). Another cemetery in As-Suwaihiliyah was identified from satellite imagery. The identified Ḥafīt cairns may indicate mobility routes which connect in and out of the Al-Ḥajar Mountains. However, the Umm an-Nār cemetery of As-Suwaihiriyah and two towers in Tanūf imply the presence of sedentary settlements that are yet to be discovered. This suite of archaeological components parallels those of Ghubrat al-Nizwā and Firq in the downstream. The landscape of the Tanūf District can be understood as the north-western terminus of a sporadic chain of tombs along the Wādī al-Abyad between Tanūf and Nizwā. Thus, Tanūf was probably a hub of mobile and semi-sedentary as well as sedentary lives in the Early Bronze Age.
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Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 2022
Open access at Wiley (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aae.12220).
Abstract: Th... more Open access at Wiley (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aae.12220).
Abstract: The highly-elevated and rugged topography of the Al-Ḥajar Mountains in Northern Oman requires a topographically-optimised survey methodology. To reconstruct the archaeological landscapes in the southern piedmont area of the Tanūf District, we applied a combined ground survey and satellite imagery analysis. In the narrow canyon, we travelled towards visible caves on the cliffs and cairns on the ridges and recorded all encountered sites on the way. In the open floodplain and surrounding hills, we visited all visible features after scanning them from higher viewpoints. We utilised satellite imagery to complement inaccessible sites. Accordingly, we identified 23 sites from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Islamic period through ground surveys, and an additional nine sites through satellite imagery analysis. In our qualitative evaluation, this combined method was effective enough to reconstruct the archaeological landscapes of the survey area.
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Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 2022
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aae.12210)
This paper reports the results of excava... more (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aae.12210)
This paper reports the results of excavation at Mugharat al-Kahf (WTN01) in Wādī Tanūf, North-central Oman. It also provides information on the nonmortuary and nonsedentary activities in central Oman during the Wādī Sūq period (2000–1600 BCE), as the subsistence and social arrangements of this period are the subject of much debate. Previous surveys had discovered a substantial amount of Wādī Sūq pottery at the site. This project took forward the excavation for further exploration. The excavation at Test Pit 1 identified Layers Ia and Ib, wherein pottery sherds, charred date stones and other samples for radiocarbon dating were discovered. These prove the cave's occupation during the early third millennium BCE, early second millennium BCE and the Islamic period. The analysis of artefacts and floral remains provided insights into the sojourn, storage and consumption of dates in the cave, and the mobile lifestyle in central Oman.
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ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2015
This paper reports on the on-site development of a local-scale digital heritage inventory (DHI) o... more This paper reports on the on-site development of a local-scale digital heritage inventory (DHI) of the Bronze Age site at Bat in the interior of Oman. The goal of this inventory project was to share geospatial and archaeological information of tombs and other built structures with researchers and government agents to conduct cultural heritage management, scientific research, outreach, and education. To this end, the Bat Digital Heritage Inventory (BatDHI) was compiled at the local office by incorporating previous survey records, which were concurrently crosschecked and updated by ground-truth surveys. The current version of the BatDHI was implemented using a combination of a network-access-ready database application, open source geographical information system, and web-based map engine. This system assisted both fieldwork and management works including decision making and planning. This inventory project exemplified a transdisciplinary research, in which researchers and societal sta...
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Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, Aug 15, 2016
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a concurrent implementation of sustainable inve... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a concurrent implementation of sustainable inventory for the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn in the interior of Oman. Design/methodology/approach – A digital heritage inventory (DHI) was developed through an action research to realize demands of the local agent and to co-design the solution. The Ministry of Heritage and Culture of Oman, the local agent, demanded to have archaeological information of the sites shared with foreign expeditions, which had worked at the sites for decades, for efficient heritage management, scientific research, outreach, and education. To this end, the Bat Digital Heritage Inventory (BatDHI) was implemented by a combination of network-access-ready database application, open source geographical information systems, and a web-based map service to incorporate and visualize previous works, which were concurrently cross-checked and updated by ground-truth surveys. Findings – The online inventory made it possible to update information during archaeological fieldwork in real time and accelerated the decision-making process in heritage management by prompt data updates and visualization. Research limitations/implications – The DHI is extendable for other sites or regions. It should also be considered to install Arches, an open-source suite of digital heritage inventories. Practical implications – The BatDHI was implemented through the action research mentioned in the design/methodology/approach section and yielded the implications mentioned in the findings section. Originality/value – This paper is a challenging application of transdisciplinary approach to the sustainable heritage management, in which researchers and societal stakeholders collaborate for co-design of research agendas, co-production of knowledge, and co-dissemination of outcomes.
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Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Continued archaeological surveys at two sites in the Gebelein area, the Northern Necropolis and t... more Continued archaeological surveys at two sites in the Gebelein area, the Northern Necropolis and the temple complex, have contributed new data for a better understanding of the ancient remains. Geophysical anomalies detected in 2015 in the western part of the Northern Necropolis should now be interpreted most probably as tombs with mud-brick walls. Mounds of earth in the central part of the necropolis yielded numerous artifacts dating from between the Naqada I and the early Old Kingdom periods; they are likely to have been dumped from a nearby settlement site, probably the ancient town of Sumenu. Work in the temple complex was aimed at protecting the structure made of inscribed mud-bricks dating from the Twenty-first Dynasty.
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The Journal of Oman Studies, Volume 22, pp. 99–125, 2021
Please contact me, if this paper draws your attention:) Abstract: This paper reports on a cemeter... more Please contact me, if this paper draws your attention:) Abstract: This paper reports on a cemetery (WTN13) located in the canyon of Wādī Tanūf, the Ad-Dākhilīyah Governorate. Archaeological documentation of 40 tombs with superstructure revealed a prehistoric mortuary landscape as follows. The tombs are classified into four types. Types 1 and 4 are free-standing tombs, while Types 2 and 3 were built either leaning against boulders or in rock shelters. These tombs are well preserved in general, but only a few objects have been collected from the surface. Alternatively, a morphological comparison of the tomb superstructure suggests that the free-standing tombs (Type 1), dominant in the cemetery, probably date back to the Wādī Sūq period (Middle Bronze Age), while the tombs built in rock shelters (Type 3) possibly belong to the Early Iron Age. Types 2 and 4 could presumably date back to the Wādī Sūq period. Type 1 tombs are possibly contemporary with the short-term (i.e. seasonal or temporal) occupation of the cave in WTN01, located upslope. This unique local mortuary landscape in Wādī Tanūf, comprising tombs with well-preserved superstructure and natural rock monuments on the high terrace in the canyon, should be re-evaluated in a broader cultural context of Southeast Arabia.
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ABSTRACT
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The Journal of Oman Studies , 2020
(Feel free to send me a message if you would like the PDF :) This paper reports on ground-surface... more (Feel free to send me a message if you would like the PDF :) This paper reports on ground-surface surveys and test excavations at the cave of Mugharat Al Kahf in the Wādī Tanūf, the Ad Dākhiliyah Governorate, in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons. The cave was discovered in the course of the regional survey in the 2017/18 season and is located on the cliff approximately 200 m above the right bank of the Wādī Tanūf. More than 200 potsherds were collected from the ground surface inside the cave, mostly from the Wādī Sūq period (2000–1600 B.C.E.). Moreover, two stone vessel fragments, which can be dated to the Umm an Nar (2750–2000 B.C.E.) and Wādī Sūq periods respectively, were found on the surface. Three test pits were opened, and radiocarbon samples were collected from the ash layer of Test Pit 1. The finds from this cave, especially storage jars, may enhance our understanding of cave use for storage in the Wādī Sūq period.
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L. Kilroe (ed.) Invisible Archaeologies: Hidden aspects of daily life in ancient Egypt and Nubia, pp. 96-112. Oxford, Archaeopress, 2019
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The Journal of Oman Studies Vol. 20 pp: 48-77., 2019
The UNESCO World Heritage site of Bāt, Oman is known as one of the most important archaeological ... more The UNESCO World Heritage site of Bāt, Oman is known as one of the most important archaeological complexes in Southeastern Arabia, and consists of settlements, circular platforms, and tombs, including at least 59 well-preserved Um An Nar type (UaN-type) tombs, all of which are in collapsed states. This study quantitatively examines the presence of spatial clusters of both the UaN-type tombs and later remains obtained from survey data. Furthermore, the correlation between the spatial clusters and the components of the UaN-type tombs is analysed. Results of the spatial analyses indicate that UaN- type tomb builders were most likely to reuse the stone blocks contained in the tombs. A comparison of the architectural attributes of the UaN-type tombs through clusters reveals differences in the location, thickness of outer wall, and azimut of inner wall. (Feel free to send me a message if you would like the PDF :)
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J.M. Chyla, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, K. Rosińska-Balik, and C. Walsh (eds) Current Research in Egyptology 2016: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Symposium Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland 4–7 May 2016. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2017
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Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a concurrent implementation of sustainable invent... more Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a concurrent implementation of sustainable inventory for the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn in the interior of Oman.
Design/methodology/approach
A digital heritage inventory (DHI) was developed through an action research to realize demands of the local agent and to co-design the solution. The Ministry of Heritage and Culture of Oman, the local agent, demanded to have archaeological information of the sites shared with foreign expeditions, which had worked at the sites for decades, for efficient heritage management, scientific research, outreach, and education. To this end, the Bat Digital Heritage Inventory (BatDHI) was implemented by a combination of network-access-ready database application, open source geographical information systems, and a web-based map service to incorporate and visualize previous works, which were concurrently cross-checked and updated by ground-truth surveys.
Findings
The online inventory made it possible to update information during archaeological fieldwork in real time and accelerated the decision-making process in heritage management by prompt data updates and visualization.
Research limitations/implications
The DHI is extendable for other sites or regions. It should also be considered to install Arches, an open-source suite of digital heritage inventories.
Practical implications
The BatDHI was implemented through the action research mentioned in the design/methodology/approach section and yielded the implications mentioned in the findings section.
Originality/value
This paper is a challenging application of transdisciplinary approach to the sustainable heritage management, in which researchers and societal stakeholders collaborate for co-design of research agendas, co-production of knowledge, and co-dissemination of outcomes.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Spatial Information Science, Aug 11, 2015
This paper reports on the on-site development of a local-scale digital heritage inventory (DHI) o... more This paper reports on the on-site development of a local-scale digital heritage inventory (DHI) of the Bronze Age site at Bat in the interior of Oman. The goal of this inventory project was to share geospatial and archaeological information of tombs and other built structures with researchers and government agents to conduct cultural heritage management, scientific research, outreach, and education. To this end, the Bat Digital Heritage Inventory (BatDHI) was compiled at the local office by incorporating previous survey records, which were concurrently crosschecked and updated by ground-truth surveys. The current version of the BatDHI was implemented using a combination of a network-access-ready database application, open source geographical information system, and web-based map engine. This system assisted both fieldwork and management works including decision making and planning. This inventory project exemplified a transdisciplinary research, in which researchers and societal stakeholders collaborated for co-design of research agendas, co-production of knowledge, and co-dissemination of outcomes.
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Conference Posters
Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretatio... more Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretation of archaeological sites. By applying Geographic Information System (GIS) onto Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has provided new opportunities in field prospection in the form of Comprehensive Field Survey (CFS). As a multidisciplinary approach, it offers good results in terms of data acquisition and proves to be an inexpensive and accurate solution for complex, non-invasive research.
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Journal Papers & Conference Proceedings
Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretatio... more Analysis of pottery is one of the best methods for the functional and chronological interpretation of archaeological sites. By applying Geographic Information System (GIS) onto Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has provided new opportunities in field prospection in the form of Comprehensive Field Survey (CFS). As a multidisciplinary approach, it offers good results in terms of data acquisition and proves to be an inexpensive and accurate solution for complex, non-invasive research.
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Journal Papers & Conference Proceedings on Egypt
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 30/2, 2021
Continued archaeological surveys at two sites in the Gebelein area, the Northern Necropolis and t... more Continued archaeological surveys at two sites in the Gebelein area, the Northern Necropolis and the temple complex, have contributed new data for a better understanding of the ancient remains. Geophysical anomalies detected in 2015 in the western part of the Northern necropolis should now be interpreted most probably as tombs with mud-brick walls. Mounds of earth in the central part of the necropolis yielded numerous artifacts dating from between the Naqada I and the early Old Kingdom periods; they are likely to have been dumped from a nearby settlement site, probably the ancient town of Sumenu. Work in the temple complex was aimed at protecting the structure made of inscribed mud-bricks dating from the Twenty-first Dynasty.
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Uploads
Conference Presentations
Keywords: cemetery, survey, spatial patterns, Bronze Age, Oman
Relevant bibliographical references
Cable, Charlotte M. 2012. A Multitude of Monuments: Finding and Defending Access to Resources in Third Millennium BC Oman. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University.
Frifelt, Karen. 1985. Further evidence of the third millennium BC town at Bat in Oman. The Journal of Oman Studies 7: 89–104.
Papers
Abstract: The highly-elevated and rugged topography of the Al-Ḥajar Mountains in Northern Oman requires a topographically-optimised survey methodology. To reconstruct the archaeological landscapes in the southern piedmont area of the Tanūf District, we applied a combined ground survey and satellite imagery analysis. In the narrow canyon, we travelled towards visible caves on the cliffs and cairns on the ridges and recorded all encountered sites on the way. In the open floodplain and surrounding hills, we visited all visible features after scanning them from higher viewpoints. We utilised satellite imagery to complement inaccessible sites. Accordingly, we identified 23 sites from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Islamic period through ground surveys, and an additional nine sites through satellite imagery analysis. In our qualitative evaluation, this combined method was effective enough to reconstruct the archaeological landscapes of the survey area.
This paper reports the results of excavation at Mugharat al-Kahf (WTN01) in Wādī Tanūf, North-central Oman. It also provides information on the nonmortuary and nonsedentary activities in central Oman during the Wādī Sūq period (2000–1600 BCE), as the subsistence and social arrangements of this period are the subject of much debate. Previous surveys had discovered a substantial amount of Wādī Sūq pottery at the site. This project took forward the excavation for further exploration. The excavation at Test Pit 1 identified Layers Ia and Ib, wherein pottery sherds, charred date stones and other samples for radiocarbon dating were discovered. These prove the cave's occupation during the early third millennium BCE, early second millennium BCE and the Islamic period. The analysis of artefacts and floral remains provided insights into the sojourn, storage and consumption of dates in the cave, and the mobile lifestyle in central Oman.
The purpose of this paper is to present a concurrent implementation of sustainable inventory for the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn in the interior of Oman.
Design/methodology/approach
A digital heritage inventory (DHI) was developed through an action research to realize demands of the local agent and to co-design the solution. The Ministry of Heritage and Culture of Oman, the local agent, demanded to have archaeological information of the sites shared with foreign expeditions, which had worked at the sites for decades, for efficient heritage management, scientific research, outreach, and education. To this end, the Bat Digital Heritage Inventory (BatDHI) was implemented by a combination of network-access-ready database application, open source geographical information systems, and a web-based map service to incorporate and visualize previous works, which were concurrently cross-checked and updated by ground-truth surveys.
Findings
The online inventory made it possible to update information during archaeological fieldwork in real time and accelerated the decision-making process in heritage management by prompt data updates and visualization.
Research limitations/implications
The DHI is extendable for other sites or regions. It should also be considered to install Arches, an open-source suite of digital heritage inventories.
Practical implications
The BatDHI was implemented through the action research mentioned in the design/methodology/approach section and yielded the implications mentioned in the findings section.
Originality/value
This paper is a challenging application of transdisciplinary approach to the sustainable heritage management, in which researchers and societal stakeholders collaborate for co-design of research agendas, co-production of knowledge, and co-dissemination of outcomes.
Conference Posters
Journal Papers & Conference Proceedings
Journal Papers & Conference Proceedings on Egypt
Keywords: cemetery, survey, spatial patterns, Bronze Age, Oman
Relevant bibliographical references
Cable, Charlotte M. 2012. A Multitude of Monuments: Finding and Defending Access to Resources in Third Millennium BC Oman. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University.
Frifelt, Karen. 1985. Further evidence of the third millennium BC town at Bat in Oman. The Journal of Oman Studies 7: 89–104.
Abstract: The highly-elevated and rugged topography of the Al-Ḥajar Mountains in Northern Oman requires a topographically-optimised survey methodology. To reconstruct the archaeological landscapes in the southern piedmont area of the Tanūf District, we applied a combined ground survey and satellite imagery analysis. In the narrow canyon, we travelled towards visible caves on the cliffs and cairns on the ridges and recorded all encountered sites on the way. In the open floodplain and surrounding hills, we visited all visible features after scanning them from higher viewpoints. We utilised satellite imagery to complement inaccessible sites. Accordingly, we identified 23 sites from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Islamic period through ground surveys, and an additional nine sites through satellite imagery analysis. In our qualitative evaluation, this combined method was effective enough to reconstruct the archaeological landscapes of the survey area.
This paper reports the results of excavation at Mugharat al-Kahf (WTN01) in Wādī Tanūf, North-central Oman. It also provides information on the nonmortuary and nonsedentary activities in central Oman during the Wādī Sūq period (2000–1600 BCE), as the subsistence and social arrangements of this period are the subject of much debate. Previous surveys had discovered a substantial amount of Wādī Sūq pottery at the site. This project took forward the excavation for further exploration. The excavation at Test Pit 1 identified Layers Ia and Ib, wherein pottery sherds, charred date stones and other samples for radiocarbon dating were discovered. These prove the cave's occupation during the early third millennium BCE, early second millennium BCE and the Islamic period. The analysis of artefacts and floral remains provided insights into the sojourn, storage and consumption of dates in the cave, and the mobile lifestyle in central Oman.
The purpose of this paper is to present a concurrent implementation of sustainable inventory for the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn in the interior of Oman.
Design/methodology/approach
A digital heritage inventory (DHI) was developed through an action research to realize demands of the local agent and to co-design the solution. The Ministry of Heritage and Culture of Oman, the local agent, demanded to have archaeological information of the sites shared with foreign expeditions, which had worked at the sites for decades, for efficient heritage management, scientific research, outreach, and education. To this end, the Bat Digital Heritage Inventory (BatDHI) was implemented by a combination of network-access-ready database application, open source geographical information systems, and a web-based map service to incorporate and visualize previous works, which were concurrently cross-checked and updated by ground-truth surveys.
Findings
The online inventory made it possible to update information during archaeological fieldwork in real time and accelerated the decision-making process in heritage management by prompt data updates and visualization.
Research limitations/implications
The DHI is extendable for other sites or regions. It should also be considered to install Arches, an open-source suite of digital heritage inventories.
Practical implications
The BatDHI was implemented through the action research mentioned in the design/methodology/approach section and yielded the implications mentioned in the findings section.
Originality/value
This paper is a challenging application of transdisciplinary approach to the sustainable heritage management, in which researchers and societal stakeholders collaborate for co-design of research agendas, co-production of knowledge, and co-dissemination of outcomes.