This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Social Ro... more This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2011, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in November 2011. The 23 revised full papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 51 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on social interaction with robots; nonverbal interaction with social robots; robots in society; social robots in education; affective interaction with social robots; robots in the home.
ABSTRACT Persuasive technology can take the form of a social agent that persuades people to chang... more ABSTRACT Persuasive technology can take the form of a social agent that persuades people to change behavior or attitudes. However, like any persuasive technology, persuasive social agents might trigger psychological reactance, which can lead to restoration behavior. The current study investigated whether interacting with a persuasive robot can cause psychological reactance. Additionally, we investigated whether goal congruency plays a role in psychological reactance. Participants programmed a washing machine while a robot gave threatening advice. Confirming expectations, participants experienced more psychological reactance when receiving high-threatening advice compared to low-threatening advice. Moreover, when the robot gave high-threatening advice and expressed an incongruent goal, participants reported the highest level of psychological reactance (on an anger measure). Finally, high-threatening advice led to more restoration, and this relationship was partially mediated by psychological reactance. Overall, results imply that under certain circumstances persuasive technology can trigger opposite effects, especially when people have incongruent goal intentions. KeywordsPersuasive Robot-Psychological Reactance-Intentionality-Social Influence-Energy Conservation Behavior-Incongruent goals
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Persuasive Technology Persuasive Technology and Design: Enhancing Sustainability and Health - PERSUASIVE '11, 2011
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Persuasive Technology Persuasive Technology and Design: Enhancing Sustainability and Health - PERSUASIVE '11, 2011
ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that energy conservation is largely a group phenomenon requiring ... more ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that energy conservation is largely a group phenomenon requiring group interventions to achieve change. Persuasive technology can help to provide these interventions. The present study explores the influence of group feedback and individual comparative feedback on energy consumption using an experimental simulation paradigm. To account for cultural differences in group orientation and the power of group feedback, two studies were conducted, one in the Netherlands and one in Japan, in which groups of participants received feedback on everyday tasks. As expected, Dutch participants saved more energy when individual comparison feedback was present, but not the Japanese participants. In contrast, as expected, group feedback caused Japanese participants to save more energy. Providing solely group feedback did not promote energy saving in the Netherlands. Group feedback made the Dutch save more energy only in combination with individual comparison feedback. These results suggest that persuasive technology can employ the power of feedback as a group intervention, but that relevant cultural orientations are crucial.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology - Persuasive '09, 2009
Nowadays, many advertising campaigns attempt to persuade people to perform a specific behavior. I... more Nowadays, many advertising campaigns attempt to persuade people to perform a specific behavior. In response to such messages, people can comply and adapt their behavior in the proposed direction. However, people can also experience psychological reactance, which may lead to the complete opposite of the target behavior. In the present study, we were interested in the social nature of psychological
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction - HRI '09, 2009
ABSTRACT Two experiments explored the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by a rob... more ABSTRACT Two experiments explored the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by a robotic agent, on behavioral change. Results indicate stronger persuasive effects of social feedback than of factual feedback (Experiment 1) or factual evaluative feedback (Experiment 2), and of negative feedback (especially social but also factual) than of positive feedback.
ABSTRACT This research explored the persuasive effects on behavior of social feedback by a roboti... more ABSTRACT This research explored the persuasive effects on behavior of social feedback by a robotic agent. In two experiments, participants could save on energy while carrying out washing tasks on a simulated washing machine. In both experiments, we tested the persuasive effects of positive and negative social feedback and we compared these effects to factual feedback, which is more widely used. Results of both studies indicated that social feedback had stronger persuasive effects than factual feedback. Furthermore, results of both studies suggested an effect of feedback valence indicated by more economic behavior following negative feedback (social or factual) as compared to positive feedback. Overall, the strongest persuasive effects were exerted by negative social feedback. In addition, results of Experiment 2 indicated that task similarity increased the persuasive effects of negative feedback. The implications for persuasive robotic agent theory and design are discussed.
ABSTRACT Earlier research has investigated persuasive technology: Technology designed to influenc... more ABSTRACT Earlier research has investigated persuasive technology: Technology designed to influence human behavior or attitudes. The current research investigates lighting as persuasive technology. In an experimental study, participants could conserve energy while carrying out tasks and received feedback about their energy consumption in each task. We tested the effect of feedback through a lamp that gradually changed color dependent on energy consumption and compared these effects to more widely used factual feedback. Results indicated that feedback through lighting has stronger persuasive effects than factual feedback. Furthermore, factual feedback seemed more difficult to process than lighting feedback, because cognitive load interfered with processing factual feedback, but not with processing lighting feedback. Implications for theory and design of persuasive lighting, and (ambient) persuasive technology are discussed.
User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization, 2009
Abstract. Recommender systems help users find personally relevant media content in response to an... more Abstract. Recommender systems help users find personally relevant media content in response to an overwhelming amount of this content available digitally. A prominent issue with recommender systems is recommending new content to new users; commonly referred to as the cold start problem. It has been argued that detailed user characteristics, like personality, could be used to mitigate cold start. To explore this solution, three alternative methods measuring users' personality were compared to investigate which would be most ...
This article focuses on how people infer the justness of events they encounter. Earlier justice r... more This article focuses on how people infer the justness of events they encounter. Earlier justice research typically asked participants explicitly for their justice judgments. More recent research provided evidence for the possibility of spontaneous judgment inferences. The present research extends this study in three important ways: it provides strong evidence that (1) spontaneous social justice inferences can occur in multiple
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Social Ro... more This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2011, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in November 2011. The 23 revised full papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement from 51 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on social interaction with robots; nonverbal interaction with social robots; robots in society; social robots in education; affective interaction with social robots; robots in the home.
ABSTRACT Persuasive technology can take the form of a social agent that persuades people to chang... more ABSTRACT Persuasive technology can take the form of a social agent that persuades people to change behavior or attitudes. However, like any persuasive technology, persuasive social agents might trigger psychological reactance, which can lead to restoration behavior. The current study investigated whether interacting with a persuasive robot can cause psychological reactance. Additionally, we investigated whether goal congruency plays a role in psychological reactance. Participants programmed a washing machine while a robot gave threatening advice. Confirming expectations, participants experienced more psychological reactance when receiving high-threatening advice compared to low-threatening advice. Moreover, when the robot gave high-threatening advice and expressed an incongruent goal, participants reported the highest level of psychological reactance (on an anger measure). Finally, high-threatening advice led to more restoration, and this relationship was partially mediated by psychological reactance. Overall, results imply that under certain circumstances persuasive technology can trigger opposite effects, especially when people have incongruent goal intentions. KeywordsPersuasive Robot-Psychological Reactance-Intentionality-Social Influence-Energy Conservation Behavior-Incongruent goals
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Persuasive Technology Persuasive Technology and Design: Enhancing Sustainability and Health - PERSUASIVE '11, 2011
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Persuasive Technology Persuasive Technology and Design: Enhancing Sustainability and Health - PERSUASIVE '11, 2011
ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that energy conservation is largely a group phenomenon requiring ... more ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that energy conservation is largely a group phenomenon requiring group interventions to achieve change. Persuasive technology can help to provide these interventions. The present study explores the influence of group feedback and individual comparative feedback on energy consumption using an experimental simulation paradigm. To account for cultural differences in group orientation and the power of group feedback, two studies were conducted, one in the Netherlands and one in Japan, in which groups of participants received feedback on everyday tasks. As expected, Dutch participants saved more energy when individual comparison feedback was present, but not the Japanese participants. In contrast, as expected, group feedback caused Japanese participants to save more energy. Providing solely group feedback did not promote energy saving in the Netherlands. Group feedback made the Dutch save more energy only in combination with individual comparison feedback. These results suggest that persuasive technology can employ the power of feedback as a group intervention, but that relevant cultural orientations are crucial.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology - Persuasive '09, 2009
Nowadays, many advertising campaigns attempt to persuade people to perform a specific behavior. I... more Nowadays, many advertising campaigns attempt to persuade people to perform a specific behavior. In response to such messages, people can comply and adapt their behavior in the proposed direction. However, people can also experience psychological reactance, which may lead to the complete opposite of the target behavior. In the present study, we were interested in the social nature of psychological
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction - HRI '09, 2009
ABSTRACT Two experiments explored the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by a rob... more ABSTRACT Two experiments explored the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by a robotic agent, on behavioral change. Results indicate stronger persuasive effects of social feedback than of factual feedback (Experiment 1) or factual evaluative feedback (Experiment 2), and of negative feedback (especially social but also factual) than of positive feedback.
ABSTRACT This research explored the persuasive effects on behavior of social feedback by a roboti... more ABSTRACT This research explored the persuasive effects on behavior of social feedback by a robotic agent. In two experiments, participants could save on energy while carrying out washing tasks on a simulated washing machine. In both experiments, we tested the persuasive effects of positive and negative social feedback and we compared these effects to factual feedback, which is more widely used. Results of both studies indicated that social feedback had stronger persuasive effects than factual feedback. Furthermore, results of both studies suggested an effect of feedback valence indicated by more economic behavior following negative feedback (social or factual) as compared to positive feedback. Overall, the strongest persuasive effects were exerted by negative social feedback. In addition, results of Experiment 2 indicated that task similarity increased the persuasive effects of negative feedback. The implications for persuasive robotic agent theory and design are discussed.
ABSTRACT Earlier research has investigated persuasive technology: Technology designed to influenc... more ABSTRACT Earlier research has investigated persuasive technology: Technology designed to influence human behavior or attitudes. The current research investigates lighting as persuasive technology. In an experimental study, participants could conserve energy while carrying out tasks and received feedback about their energy consumption in each task. We tested the effect of feedback through a lamp that gradually changed color dependent on energy consumption and compared these effects to more widely used factual feedback. Results indicated that feedback through lighting has stronger persuasive effects than factual feedback. Furthermore, factual feedback seemed more difficult to process than lighting feedback, because cognitive load interfered with processing factual feedback, but not with processing lighting feedback. Implications for theory and design of persuasive lighting, and (ambient) persuasive technology are discussed.
User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization, 2009
Abstract. Recommender systems help users find personally relevant media content in response to an... more Abstract. Recommender systems help users find personally relevant media content in response to an overwhelming amount of this content available digitally. A prominent issue with recommender systems is recommending new content to new users; commonly referred to as the cold start problem. It has been argued that detailed user characteristics, like personality, could be used to mitigate cold start. To explore this solution, three alternative methods measuring users' personality were compared to investigate which would be most ...
This article focuses on how people infer the justness of events they encounter. Earlier justice r... more This article focuses on how people infer the justness of events they encounter. Earlier justice research typically asked participants explicitly for their justice judgments. More recent research provided evidence for the possibility of spontaneous judgment inferences. The present research extends this study in three important ways: it provides strong evidence that (1) spontaneous social justice inferences can occur in multiple
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