Lorenz Poggendorf

This article investigates the question of how rural heritage positions itself in relation to value-based tourism. First, it outlines the evolution of tourism in the direction of more sustainability. In this context, it is emphasized that it is the spiritual dimension that is at the core of human beings. Accordingly, spiritual tourism is able to address our search for meaning in life. On this basis, Viktor Frankl's image of man is presented, and the potential of his teachings for spiritual tourism is outlined. Second, two case-studies of outstanding rural heritage in Austria and Germany are examined. On the basis of interviews with associated parties, the main aim is to clarify which values are cultivated and what kind of tourism offers are made. Initial findings show that the wealthy Austrian monasteries with their rural estates do not necessarily have to make profit from the tourists-while the spots along the German Romantic Road do. In conclusion, spiritual tourism is not a "cure-all" for rural areas, but it has the potential to attract more visitors and enrich them internally.

“Waldkindergärten” or Forest Kindergartens are outdoor-based nursery schools with everyday activities in the woods and fields. Originated from Denmark, this new form of nursery school was officially introduced to Germany in 1991. Since then, it has spread considerately, with now more than 1,000 sites across the country. Forest Kindergartens are a valuable instrument for outdoor-based environmental education for infants/toddlers although some extra efforts are necessary for their formation and proper management. We believe outdoor environmental education activities for infants/toddlers are essential for their personality development and establishment of a sustainable society.

As a famous tourist destination in Europe and Germany, the River Rhine is still attracting many tourists from all over the world. For the most part, the scenery and rich cultural heritage of the region is well preserved. However, compared to tourism throughout Germany, tourist numbers are stagnating on the Rhine. Probably not all target groups feel addressed. At the same time, the monastery Kloster Eberbach in the Rheingau area shows how proper heritage management makes a difference. This paper analyses latest trends in the area, looks at its strengths and weaknesses, and discusses possible reasons for success in cultural tourism.

1. Translation from one language to another-the obvious challenge to deal with Why and for what purpose do we make translations? At first glance, this question seems unnecessary; of course, it is always to transfer text from one language to another. The reason underlying this activity is communication between people of different backgrounds, and the goal is successful communication between the author and the reader of a text or message. To carry out this work successfully, the translator must have very good language skills, both in the language of the original and the target language. Ideally, for a translator, the two languages are the mother tongues (if he/ she grew up bilingual). However, since this is rather the exception, in order to produce accurate results, we usually translate from a language that we have studied into our mother tongue. In addition, if it comes to expert contributions, the translator must be familiar with the common terminology of a specific industry or an academic discipline or at least be willing to acquire these terms. These few explanations already show how complex just the linguistic challenge is, which is considered to be mastered. At the same time, linguistic skills are not sufficient, because even the correct translation of words and terms isn't always ensuring that the overall message is actually understood by the target reader. 2. Dealing with inter-cultural aspects-a hidden challenge that often goes beyond words The task of a translator is not only to enable the communication between the languages, but also to be able to mediate between cultures. For a translator, it is therefore extremely important to know the concept of culture and intercultural communication. Because the term "culture" can be used on so many different levels, a general definition appears to be almost impossible. For translators, however, the term culture can be defined as all that, what is worth knowing about the source and the target society. So, the translator can judge whether certain expressions, and, even of more significance, certain ways of thinking, distinctly differ from the norms of the target reader or society. The translator can behave society-compliant by this knowledge. He can customize his own expectations and, if the original text is not in conformity with the expectations of the target society, he should consider or estimate possible consequences. At best, the translator is thus able to empathize with the target groups and to perceive his own texts like a local. This requires not only the linguistic competence of the translator, but also his knowledge of the other culture on the basis of practical experiences in dealing with the people of the country of origin. He or she should have lived in that country for some time or at least have many years of experience in dealing with representatives of the corresponding culture. In short, it is widely recognized that a good translation requires both linguistic and intercultural communicative competence.