Management Sciences

This study plays its role in the literature by investigating the impact of energy consumption on agriculture sector, and environmental cleanliness on Gross Domestic Product, in five South Asian countries from the period of 1990 to 2015. Energy is now becoming a challenge for the South Asian countries especially country like Pakistan. Developing countries are in a race to gather more and more resource for the production of energy. The main objective of research is to examine the short-run and long-run relationship between economic growth and energy consumption on agriculture sector of economy in South Asian countries. Granger causality test and Error correction model is employed to get the results. The empirical results showed the presence of co-integration among the variables and it indicates gross domestic product has a positive relationship with energy consumption in agriculture sector and environmental cleanliness. Granger causality results showed that unidirectional causality is...

Present study determines the effects of organizational learning culture on female teacher‟s critical thinking skills of public sector higher education institutes (HEI) of the Punjab, Pakistan. The questionnaire from Yang (2003) (21-item) of organizational learning culture and from Naieni (2005) (30-1tem) questionnaire on critical thinking skills was adopted. All items are developed on five point likert scale. The values of Cronbach‟s alpha computed for both constructs are high which represent that data on both constructs are reliable. The KMO measure of sample adequacy and Bartlett s‟ test of spehericity authenticate that our data are appropriate for the use of factor analysis. The study employed principal component analysis in order to find the validity of the measure of organizational culture and critical thinking skills. This study collects data from 250 full time female permanent teachers in higher education institutes of Punjab, Pakistan. The findings represent that organizatio...

It is intended to discuss various paradigms and frameworks in order to understand the regional security in the perspective of regional power politics in South Asia. Moreover, as per the nature of the research study, it is discussed and presented some of the theoretical frameworks and issues in the regional and international power politics. In the area of foreign policy studies, some of the very relevant theoretical frameworks are deliberated that would illustrate the area under study. An analysis is made on regional security complex, security dynamics of the regions and the concept of security community in the international political system to draw long term solution for regional peace. The article classifies the regional inevitabilities for the peace and stability of the regions. It also elaborates a theoretical framework based on Regional Security as one form of regional order in South Asia.

In many developing countries, foreign capital inflows are increasingly becoming a significant source to raise the pace of economic growth. This research paper investigates the impact of capital inflows from the Developed nations on the economic growth of Pakistan. Using time series data for 30 years from 1985 to 2013 we found that foreign direct investment and worker remittances lead positively towards economic growth on one side while on the other hand foreign aid and external debt negatively affects economic growth of Pakistan. This research paper also discus a number of policy issues which arise from the result of the analysis relation to education, population growth rate, foreign direct investment, external debt, foreign aid and their proper utilization.

IntroductionSouth Asia holds immense importance in security paradigm owing to its volatility. The conventional disparity is endeavored to be reduced by attaining nuclear capability. This bilateral engagement between two states, which has always been at odds, determines the course of regional politics and security largely. These nuclear states share common borders with each other. This security complex becomes more intricate by presence of two great powers i.e. China and Russia. The interests of both these powers are linked to this region in competition for balance of power. So security is inevitable in this nuclear armed regional belt. Any misapprehension between the nuclear states can lead to a nuclear conflict in the region.The balance of power is inevitable for the regional security of South Asia along with the international peace and security. Balance of Power between the nuclear neighbors may create a milieu of mutual dissuasion. The cold war between two super powers then, did ...

Purpose: This is a qualitative research that gives an insight into liquidity management process of Islamic banks and exploring banker’s perspective in Pakistan. Interviews were used as a research instrument through which bankers were gotten some information about products, services and liquidity services proffered by banks, practices of liquidity management, structural support in liquidity management, SBP job in liquidity management and advertising system to draw in depositors. Design/Methodology/Approach: There were 15 interviews conducted with the bankers from Islamic Banks, analyzed through thematic analysis, indicating that Islamic banks have growing potential in the market. Considering deposits as significant perspective in liquidity management of banking sector different advertising related viewpoints were watched Findings: It was perceived that Islamic banks are experiencing laudable growth and customer attraction. Reason being the notion that the Islamic banks are shariah co...

Retention of employees has become a critical issue in the corporate arena. With the increasing trend of frequent job switching among employees, it is a big challenge for HR Managers today to fulfill the aspirations of each and every employee and to bring congruence between organizational and individual goals. In the BPO sector of India where attrition rate is as high as 55 percent (ASSOCHAM, 2011), the situation is even more difficult for HR Managers. But the big question is how to make employees feel committed to their organizations especially in such a dynamic work environment where attrition rate is so high and job poaching is the order of the day. An extensive review of literature reveals that employees' ‘commitment‘ to the organization is a function of their interaction and relationship with that organization and, to a great extent, a manifestation of the attitude of management towards the employees. This belief is based on the premise that member's identity with the or...

Purpose To quantify distribution of albuterol aerosol generated by a pneumatic nebulizer within the nose and lungs of a model of a 9-month-old child (SAINT) and aerosol loss to the environment, during simulated breathing at increasing tidal volumes (TVs). Methods 99mtechnetium-labeled albuterol aerosol was generated by an IPI nebulizer with face-mask. Deposition was quantified as a percentage of emitted dose using gamma scintigraphy. Results Lung deposition was similar for all TVs, averaging 7.17 ± 0.01%, 9.34 ± 0.01% and 9.41 ± 0.02% at 50, 100 and 200 mL TV, respectively. In contrast, nose deposition increased significantly with TV, averaging 4.40 ± 0.02%, 11.39 ± 0.02% and 22.12 ± 0.02% at 50 mL, 100 mL and 200 mL TV, respectively (all p p  Conclusions Our results suggest that nasal deposition of albuterol aerosol generated by a pneumatic nebulizer in 9-month-old infants may be significantly affected by changes in TV, ranging between 50 to 200 mL, whereas total lung deposition may not be affected. These results also predict that environmental losses would be highest when administering to a child breathing at 50 mL TV. These data should be useful to companies who are working to improve aerosol delivery systems to treat infants.

The present study aims to examine how organizational performance has been operationalized in previous studies and to identify the most predominant areas of organizational performance in a global higher education context. The current study used two approaches: first, a PRISMA approach was applied for the systematic identification, screening, and selection of eligible articles; subsequently, eligible articles were reviewed to identify key areas and dimensions of organizational performance. Second, an affinity diagram was used to organize the resulting dimensions into various groups. The systematic review of the literature reveals how previous researchers have perceived organizational performance and further proposed 15 areas of organizational performance in the context of global higher education for the future direction of researchers. The study is restricted to 36 articles retrieved from four databases, including Scopus, Emerald Insight, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, from 2015 to 2022. This study contributes to current knowledge of higher education by revealing key areas for organizational performance; however, emerging areas need to be verified empirically before being generalized throughout the world.

This study aims to examine the quality of academic programs based on student perceptions and determine the significant differences in the quality of academic programs taught in the public and private sectors of higher education institutions in Pakistan. This is a survey-based study that collects data from students using convenience sampling techniques and then analyzes the data using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques through SPSS-25 software. The results show that most of the students believe that the quality of the academic programs is not up to par as a whole; however, the quality of academic programs in private universities is comparatively better than in public sector universities in Pakistan. This study has implications for university leaders, administrative managers, and QEC staff to emphasize quality in Pakistani universities to enhance student satisfaction. This study adds to current knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the prevailing quality of academic programs at public and private sector universities in Pakistan.