John Gallagher

This essay introduces Carl Rogers' person-centred therapy.  It explains the core conditions of congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy and provides a critique of the core conditions.  It then discusses difference and diversity, theoretical underpinnings of psychotherapy, therapist bias, and cultural confusion regarding the role of the therapist.

This essay is an introduction to behavioural psychology and a summary of behavioural and cognitive approaches in counselling and psychotherapy which are behavioural therapy, rational emotive behavioural therapy, cognitive therapy, reality therapy, personal construct counselling, multimodal therapy, and cognitive analytic therapy.

This essay is an introduction to psychodynamic psychology and a summary of psychodynamic approaches in counselling and psychotherapy which are psychoanalysis, individual psychology, analytical psychology, object relations therapy and attachment-based psychotherapy.

This essay describes contemporary cultural practices related to death, dying and bereavement in Judaism, Mayan Indian and Christian traditions.  Twelve types of loss that a client might experience.  Three influential innovators of loss and grief theory: Bowlby, Kübler-Ross and Worden.  The four tasks of grieving by Worden.  Three complicated grief reactions: delayed grief, masked grief and chronic grief.  And the importance of rituals and experiential activities in response to loss.

This essay is an exposition of archetypes of the collective unconscious which are constituents of the human psyche and innate ideas which facilitate our adaptation with the world and our inner world. These archetypes appear as symbols in dreams, mythology, art, literature, film and other forms of creative expression.  The archetypes illustrated in this essay are the id, ego, superego, ego-consciousness, persona, shadow, anima, animus, Great Man and Great Woman, child, Self and psyche.  The essay begins with an explanation of archetypes and the unconscious and finishes with a section on complexes.

This essay is an exposition of the inner journey through the unconscious and the process of self-realization. The sections in this essay are: the inner journey, the hero’s journey, the psyche, the call, dark night of the soul, dream symbols, individuation, the Self, synchronicity and Self-realization.

12 Steps to Awaken and Self-transformation is a practical guide for personal growth.  The 12 steps are a psycho-spiritual development program which promotes awareness, stress reduction, inner peace, personal development and self-realization.  The steps are explained, insights are offered for contemplation and tasks are provided.  Self-realization means to realise and become aware of oneself.  This is also known as individuation.  Individuation is the psychological process of becoming a conscious individual.  It is the drive for psychological maturity, wholeness and selfhood.  Self-realization and self-actualization go hand in hand: the more we realize ourself, the more we can realize our potential and fulfil our destiny.

Mindfulness meditation is a practice that focuses your attention on the present moment, without judgment. This can help reduce stress, increase self-awareness and promote emotional well-being. Engaging in mindfulness meditation regularly can improve your mental and emotional health by cultivating a state of calm and awareness.