AN ANALYSIS OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: DRUG-NAÏVE, AFTER TREATMENT, AND THEIR FIRST- DEGREE RELATIVES, 2025
Background: Schizophrenia, a chronic mental disorder, is often associated with metabolic abnormal... more Background: Schizophrenia, a chronic mental disorder, is often associated with metabolic abnormalities, including dyslipidemia. Antipsychotic medications, particularly second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), which are commonly used to treat schizophrenia symptoms, have been linked to worsening these metabolic abnormalities. These drugs can cause considerable weight gain and unfavorable lipid profile alterations, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aim: To investigate the potential variations in total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels among drug naive, after treatment of schizophrenia patients and their first degree relatives. Methods: A cross sectional study of 60 participants, including drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (n=30), same patients after 2 months of treatment, and their first-degree relatives (n=30), were recruited. Lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and serum triglycerides, were measured using standardized biochemical assays. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare the groups. Results: The study found significantly higher levels of total cholesterol and serum triglycerides in schizophrenia patients after-treatment compared to drug-naïve patients and their first-degree relatives. The mean ± SD values of total cholesterol were 195.9 ± 33.1 mg/dL for after-treatment patients, 171.4 ± 34.4 mg/dL for drug-naïve patients, and 161.9 ± 18.8 mg/dL for first-degree relatives. Similarly, serum triglyceride levels were 127.7 ± 34.3 mg/dL for after-treatment patients, 96.1 ± 33.0 mg/dL for drug-naïve patients, and 99.6 ± 29.3 mg/dL for first-degree relatives. Conclusion: The findings suggest that antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia patients is associated with significant increases in total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels. These metabolic alterations may contribute to the higher cardiovascular risk observed in schizophrenia patients.
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Papers by Pinku Mazumdar
condition that profoundly impairs cognitive
and behavioral abilities, frequently
disrupting everyday living and leading to
poor health outcomes. Among the many
health concerns connected with
schizophrenia, lipid metabolic
abnormalities, particularly in total
cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels,
have received attention due to their impact
on cardiovascular health. This literature
review examines the link between
schizophrenia and lipid profiles, with an
emphasis on drug-naive patients, those
receiving antipsychotic medication, and
first-degree relatives. This review, which
synthesizes findings from several studies,
highlights the impact of antipsychotic
medicines on lipid levels, identifies
potential biomarkers for schizophrenia, and
emphasizes the importance of monitoring
lipid metabolism in patients. It also looks at
the historical context of lipid abnormalities
in schizophrenia, including early
observations and current research relating
metabolic changes to the disorder's etiology.
The review continues by exploring the
therapeutic significance of these findings,
emphasizing the need for integrated care
approaches that address both mental and
metabolic health in schizophrenia patients.
diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a serious global health concern. In the
pathogenesis of T2DM, oxidative stress—a mismatch between
antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species (ROS)—is a major
factor. The mechanisms causing oxidative stress and its clinical
consequences are highlighted in this review, which offers a thorough
overview of oxidative stress markers in T2DM. We classify oxidative
stress according to its origins, pathways, impacted biomolecules, and
related illnesses. We stress the significance of keeping an eye on
indicators of oxidative stress, including glutathione (GSH), catalase,
advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), protein carbonyls,
malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Comprehending these indicators is crucial for formulating focused
treatment approaches to reduce oxidative stress and enhance clinical
results in individuals with T2DM.
condition that profoundly impairs cognitive
and behavioral abilities, frequently
disrupting everyday living and leading to
poor health outcomes. Among the many
health concerns connected with
schizophrenia, lipid metabolic
abnormalities, particularly in total
cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels,
have received attention due to their impact
on cardiovascular health. This literature
review examines the link between
schizophrenia and lipid profiles, with an
emphasis on drug-naive patients, those
receiving antipsychotic medication, and
first-degree relatives. This review, which
synthesizes findings from several studies,
highlights the impact of antipsychotic
medicines on lipid levels, identifies
potential biomarkers for schizophrenia, and
emphasizes the importance of monitoring
lipid metabolism in patients. It also looks at
the historical context of lipid abnormalities
in schizophrenia, including early
observations and current research relating
metabolic changes to the disorder's etiology.
The review continues by exploring the
therapeutic significance of these findings,
emphasizing the need for integrated care
approaches that address both mental and
metabolic health in schizophrenia patients.
diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a serious global health concern. In the
pathogenesis of T2DM, oxidative stress—a mismatch between
antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species (ROS)—is a major
factor. The mechanisms causing oxidative stress and its clinical
consequences are highlighted in this review, which offers a thorough
overview of oxidative stress markers in T2DM. We classify oxidative
stress according to its origins, pathways, impacted biomolecules, and
related illnesses. We stress the significance of keeping an eye on
indicators of oxidative stress, including glutathione (GSH), catalase,
advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), protein carbonyls,
malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Comprehending these indicators is crucial for formulating focused
treatment approaches to reduce oxidative stress and enhance clinical
results in individuals with T2DM.