Prof. Nand Kumar

The main objective of this paper is to review recent research works studied on agricultural technology adoption and its determinants in Ethiopia. In this paper, therefore, empirical studies done on the area were reviewed in terms of their publication year, the sources of data, methodology they employed and the results they obtained. Moreover, this paper has tried to assess secondary data collected from Central Statistical Agency (CSA) in order to get a more insight on the application rate of agricultural technologies by farm households. In Ethiopia, even though improvements have been seen over time, the use of agricultural technologies is found at its low level. Even though the results of studies conducted on the determinants of agricultural technology adoption were varied based on their study area and the type of technology they studied, variables such as accessibility of credit, farm size, distance from market, oxen ownership, and education were found to be the most common signifi...

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the banks using fuzzy extended data envelopment analysis (DEA). One of the limitations of conventional DEA is that it cannot assess efficiency in case of imprecise data. Fuzzy DEA can evaluate efficiency with imprecise data as it takes into consideration the fuzzy characteristics of inputs and outputs. In this paper, variation in inputs and outputs of banks is incorporated in the analysis using fuzzy DEA. Ten reputed Indian commercial banks have been considered to compare the results obtained from conventional DEA and fuzzy DEA. Authors have used a fuzzy ranking method to rank the efficiency of banks, which allows working with the concept of feasibility degree. This research paper may be helpful to managers in analysing the relative efficiency of the bank considering the variation in inputs and outputs during an evaluation period.

Increased globalization has led to an increase in interdependence among countries at the world level. Substantial reduction in trade restrictions and the implementation of WTO rules contributed to a rise in exports and imports of most developing countries. But the study of imports in comparison to that of exports is considered more important for the fact that the production for exports requires imports in the first place. By explaining and reviewing the methodologies the study aims to identify the research gaps prevalent in the area and provide a direction for future research. It has been found that panel data techniques have not found that place in the literature as the time series techniques have so there is a need for application of the same.

Crude oil is a crucial component of India’s energy basket after coal. The increasing demand for crude oil in India is met through imports. Crude oil price changes affect the social stability, economic development, and national security of the country. Therefore, it is crucial to devise suitable methods to forecast crude oil price movements accurately.Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the forecasting performance of linear and non-linear time series models. In the study Box Jenkins methodology is used to obtain a best fit ARIMA and GARCH type models and further use it to forecast the crude oil (Brent) prices. The study shows that the crude oil price series is volatile over the time trend and therefore uses the GARCH class models as well which are capable of capturing volatility clustering typical of oil price series. Performance of ARIMA & GARCH class modes is then compared to find out which model better forecasts the crude oil prices. Indian economy being vulnerable to v...

This paper presents the findings of an experimental investigation into the effects of speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness in CNC turning of Aluminium (KS 1275). Response surface methodology and Taguchi techniques have been used to accomplish the objective of the experimental study. L27 orthogonal array design have been used for conducting the experiments. RSM as well as Taguchi’s techniques revealed that Feed is the most significant factor in minimizing surface roughness followed by speed and depth of cut. The effects of feed and DoC were found to be insignificant compared to other factors. RSM technique predicted results better than the Taguchi’s technique. Keywords— Response surface methodology, Taguchi technique, L27 orthogonal array, CNC turning, Aluminium (KS 1275), Surface Roughness.

This study analyses factors affecting agricultural productivity in Ethiopia for the period of 1990–2016 by using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Both the bounds test and the error correction model confirmed the existence of co-integration (long-run relationship) between the variables included in the model. The results revealed that cereal productivity is positively influenced by use of fertiliser and real gross domestic product (GDP) both in the long run and in the short run. While size of arable land influences productivity positively in the long run, its short-run effect was found to be negative. Hence, the government and other concerned authorities should work to enhance farmers’ use of improved technologies, such as fertiliser, by ensuring its timely availability at an affordable price, encouraging farmers to participate on alternative sources of income such as off-farm activities and bringing additional area under cereal production to improve agricultural productiv...

In this paper an attempt has been made to review research conducted on the efficiency measurement and performance of the Indian banking sector. Many research have been performed over the past decade in the area of measuring efficiency of firms,companies,banks,and other decision making units.Studies in the past used conventional ratios such as return on assets to evaluate the efficiency. Most of these studies which look at the efficiency concentrate on cost ,profit ,income or revenue efficiencies.Later research in the area used various measure of performance which include financial index,a non parametric approach- Data Envelopment Approach(DEA) and parametric approach –Stochastic Production Approach (SPA).

The study examines the monthly stock prices of 45 SENSEX companies for the period ranging from February 2002 to January 2012. Also the study includes the Indian G-SEC long term bonds with maturities ranging from 15 to 25 years. The set of all efficient portfolios is called the efficient frontier. All risk-averse investors who act to maximize expected utility have an optimal portfolio on this frontier. Based on the risk-aversion factor and the investment time horizon of each individual investor, an attempt is being made to select the optimal portfolio for that particular investor. Given a utility function for an individual investor, the portfolio optimization problem is to find the indifference curve which is tangent to the efficient frontier. The optimal portfolio for the investor lies at the point of tangency between the efficient frontier and the indifference curve. The findings of the study bring out the importance of the investor‟s time horizon and the risk-aversion factor in po...

This study uses CRR model and BCC model to estimate the technical and scale efficiency of commercial banks in India during the periods 2006-2010. The results indicate that deregulation of banking sector has led to an increase in the efficiency of commercial banks in India. This increase in efficiency of banks in India is not only because of increase in pure technical efficiency but also due to increase in its scale efficiency. The results show large spread of technical efficiency between companies during the period. The estimated results also shows that performance of private sector banks has been better than public sector banks during the period and source of inefficiency is mainly due to its scale rather than pure technical inefficiency.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of fertilizer and improved maize varieties of seeds on maize productivity and welfare of maize producing households based on survey data that has been obtained from 337 households in Ethiopia. Results have been estimated by using propensity score matching method. The study indicates that adoption of fertilizer and improved maize varieties increases maize productivity ranging from 9.11-9.95 quintal/ha and enhance welfare of maize producers evidenced by an increase in consumption expenditure of 1021-1297 birr. The implication of this study is the need of unreserved and continuous effort to enhance adoption of agriculture technologies by small holder farmers to reduce the challenge of food security.

The paper assesses the long-run relationship between India’s exports and imports with its 21 major trading partners using bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag bounds test procedure with a Fourier function. The study uses monthly data for the period 2014 (Month 01) to 2020 (Month 02). The empirical results show cointegration for 6 countries if imports are used as the dependent variable but not when exports are used as a dependent variable. However, for the remaining countries, no cointegration between exports and imports was found. This indicates that India’s efforts to reduce its bilateral imbalances through trade policies with these countries may not be appropriately targeted. Having established a long-run relationship, the study estimates a disaggregated bilateral import demand function by employing a linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model to investigate the asymmetric impact of the relative price changes on the import demand of India with her trading partne...

In this paper an attempt has been made to review research conducted on the efficiency measurement and performance of the Indian banking sector. Many research have been performed over the past decade in the area of measuring efficiency of firms,companies,banks,and other decision making units.Studies in the past used conventional ratios such as return on assets to evaluate the efficiency. Most of these studies which look at the efficiency concentrate on cost ,profit ,income or revenue efficiencies.Later research in the area used various measure of performance which include financial index,a non parametric approach- Data Envelopment Approach(DEA) and parametric approach –Stochastic Production Approach (SPA).

Abstract: This study uses CRR model and BCC model to estimate the technical and scale efficiency of
commercial banks in India during the periods 2006-2010. The results indicate that deregulation of banking
sector has led to an increase in the efficiency of commercial banks in India. This increase in efficiency of banks
in India is not only because of increase in pure technical efficiency but also due to increase in its scale
efficiency. The results show large spread of technical efficiency between companies during the period. The
estimated results also shows that performance of private sector banks has been better than public sector banks
during the period and source of inefficiency is mainly due to its scale rather than pure technical inefficiency.
Keywords: DEA; Efficiency; DMU; CCR model; BCC model