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National symbols of India

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The modern Republic of India (Hindi: भारत के राष्‍ट्रीय चिन्ह); has several official National symbols including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. All the symbols were picked up at various times. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just 21 days before Independence, on the 24th of July in 1947. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, fruit, flower and tree. These have all been selected carefully to project the image of to reflect Indian culture and beliefs and also the positive tributes often associated with Indian traditions respectively.

Other Indian National and Official symbols

[change | change source]

"(Official name) भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya
Republic of India".

The Name of the Country

Religions of India is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Republic of India is officially a Secular state and has No "State religion". The Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.[1]

Symbol Name Image References
National personification Bharatmata भारताम्बा ("Mother Goddess India") [2]
National flag Flag of India तिरंगा ("Tiraṅgā") [3]
National emblem State emblem of India भारत का राजचिह्न ("Official Coat of Arms") [4]
National motto Satyameva Jayate Sanskrit: सत्यमेव जयते ("Truth Alone Triumphs") [5]
Father of the Nation महान आत्मा ("The Great Soul of India") Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi राष्ट्रपिता ("Bapu Ji") [6]
Mother of the Nation राष्ट्रमाता Sarojini Chattopadhyay Naidu भारत की कोकिला ("Nightingale of India") [7]
National patron saint Hadrat Fakir Sai Baba of Shirdi शिरडी साईं बाबा [8]
National hero ("Defender of Indian Nationalism") Bal Keshav Gangadhar Tilak स्वदेशी नेता ("Swadeshi Leader") [9]
National poet Rabindranath Tagore गुरुदेव ("Gurudev") [10][11][12]
National anthem Jana Gana Mana राष्ट्रगान ("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People") [13]
National song Sare Jahan se Accha राष्ट्रीय गीत ("Tarāna-e-Hind") [14]
National slogan/National March Vande Mataram राष्ट्रीय जुलूस ("I praise thee, O Motherland") [15]
National Cry राष्ट्रीय युद्ध का नारा Jai Hind/Bharatmata Jee ("Victory to India") हिन्दुस्तान ज़िन्दाबाद [16][17][18]
National days Independence day स्वतंत्रता दिवस (भारत)
Republic Day (India) गणतन्त्र दिवस (भारत) 		[19]
Non-National language status declared Hindustani/Hindavi हिन्दवी
Indian English भारतीय अंग्रेजी भाषा ("Officialised languages")
[20][21]
State language भारत की आधिकारिक भाषाएँ Languages with official status in India
See the main article: Languages of India
 		[22]
National Official map of Great India Survey of India [23]
National deity ॐ नमः शिवाय।। Shiva/Mahadeva ("The Deity of Deities" or "The Great Yogi") [24][25]
National weapon राष्ट्रीय रक्षात्मक हथियार Trishul/Trident त्रिशूल
National epic राष्ट्रीय महाकाव्य Mahabharata ("Great Epic of Ancient India") [26][27]
Iconic symbols प्रतिष्ठित प्रतीक Ashoka Chakra ("The Law of the Wheel")
Religion in India ("Official")
[28]
National book राष्ट्रीय पुस्तक Bhagavad Gita श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता [29]
National colours राष्ट्रीय रंग Saffron, White and Green    

Sky blue (sports)  
National passport Indian passport राष्ट्रीय पहचान
National airline Air India ध्वज वाहक ("Flag carrier") [30]
National currency Indian rupee भारतीय रुपया (₹/Rs. INR) [31]
National dresses ("Indian garments") Sari साड़ी ("female") Dhoti धोती ("male")
[32][33]
National media and film industry Bollywood/Hindi cinema बॉलीवुड [34][35]
National calendar Saka calendar भारतीय राष्ट्रीय पंचांग [36]
National flower राष्ट्रीय फूल Indian Lotus/Sacred Lotus पवित्र कमल ("Cultural")
National tree राष्ट्रीय वृक्ष Banyan fig वटवृक्षः ("Religious") [37]
National fruit राष्ट्रीय फल Mango आम ("Official") [38][39]
National vegetable राष्ट्रीय सब्जी Indian pumpkin टिण्डा ("Official") [40]
National dish राष्ट्रीय खाना Khichdi खिचड़ी ("Traditional cuisine") [41]
National spice राष्ट्रीय मसाला Turmeric/Haldi हल्दी
National crop राष्ट्रीय फसल Rice चावल ("Agrarian and Staple") कृषि और प्रधान [42]
National beverage राष्ट्रीय पेय पदार्थ Lassi लस्सी ("National Yoghurt drink") [43]
National confectionery राष्ट्रीय मिठाई Laddu लड्डू [44][45]
National pets राष्ट्रीय पालतू Indian spitz भारतीय स्पिट्ज
Blue-winged parakeet/Malabar parakeet
[46]
National dove/pigeon राष्ट्रीय डव/कबूतर Asian emerald dove भारतीय स्पिट्ज
Jacobin pigeon जैकोबिन कबूतर
[47][48]
National horse breed राष्ट्रीय घोड़ा नस्ल Marwari horse/Malani मारवाड़ी घोड़ा

National feral राष्ट्रीय जंगली Indian Halari Donkey भारतीय हलारी गधा
National poultry/fowl राष्ट्रीय मुर्गी Kadaknath/Kali Masi कड़कनाथ/काली मासी [49]
National buffalo/cattle राष्ट्रीय भैंस/मवेशी Indian Nagpuri Buffalo भारतीय नागपुरी भैंस

Brahman cattle ब्राह्मण मवेशी

National sheep/goat राष्ट्रीय बकरी/भेड़ Magra sheep/Bikaneri Chokhla मगर भेड़/बीकानेरी चोखला Jamnapari goat जमनापारी बकरी

[50][51]
National guard dog राष्ट्रीय कुत्ता नस्ल Indian Pariah dog/South Asian Pye dog or Desi Dog देसी कुत्ता
National heritage animal राष्ट्रीय विरासत पशु Indian elephant भारतीय हाथी ("Official heritage animal") [52][53][54]
National birds राष्ट्रीय पक्षी Green peafowl/Blue peafowl भारतीय मोर ("Official bird")
[46]
National aquatic marine mammal राष्ट्रीय जलीय समुद्री स्तनपायी Ganges river dolphin गंगा नदी डॉल्फिन [55]
National social mammal राष्ट्रीय सामाजिक स्तनपायी Gray langur/Hanuman langur हनुमान लंगूर [56]
National bird of prey राष्ट्रीय शिकारी पक्षी Red-backed sea eagle/Brahminy kite fish eagle ब्राह्मिनी चील ("Insignia of IAF") भारतीय वायु सेना [46]
National predator राष्ट्रीय दरिंदा Indian lion एशियाई सिंह [46]
National animal राष्ट्रीय जानवर Tiger बाघ ("Official") [46]
National heritage bird राष्ट्रीय विरासत पक्षी Sarus crane सारस क्रेन [57][58]
National reptile राष्ट्रीय साँप King cobra/Snake Eater नागराज (सांप) [46]
National butterfly राष्ट्रीय तितली Kaiser-i-Hind कैसर-ए-हिंद [59][60]
National fish राष्ट्रीय मछली Indian mackerel भारतीय मैकेरल
National amphibians राष्ट्रीय उभयचर Red Knobby Crocodile Newt/Crocodile Salamander हिमालय न्यूट/सैलामैंडर

Pignose frog बैंगनी मेढक का बच्चा


[46]
National insect राष्ट्रीय कीट Giant Forest Scorpion विशाल वन बिच्छू [46]
National Oceanic creatures Whale shark व्हेल शार्क Indian Ocean humpback dolphin हिंद महासागर हम्पबैक डॉल्फ़िन
National microbe राष्ट्रीय सूक्ष्म जीव Lactobacillus bulgaricus [61]
National fossil राष्ट्रीय जीवाश्म Asian Straight-tusked Elephant प्राचीन भारतीय हाथी [62]
National hog creature राष्ट्रीय सुअर Moupin pig/Indian Wild boar मौपिन सुअर/भारतीय जंगली सूअर [63]
National river राष्ट्रीय नदी Ganges River/Holy River गंगा/पवित्र नदी ("National lifeline of India") भारत की राष्ट्रीय जीवन रेखा [64]
National mountain राष्ट्रीय पर्वत Nanda Devi नंदा देवी ("Sacred peak") पवित्र शिखर [65]
National lake राष्ट्रीय झील Lake Nakki नक्की झील [66]
National mineral राष्ट्रीय खनिज Iron ore लौह अयस्क [67]
National gemstone राष्ट्रीय मणि पत्थर Blue Sapphire/Star Sapphire नीलम ("Star of India") भारत का सितारा [68]
National sport राष्ट्रीय खेल Field hockey खेत हॉकी ("Unofficial") [69]
National dance राष्ट्रीय नृत्य Bharatanatyam भरतनाट्यम ("Cultural dance") सांस्कृतिक नृत्य कहानी कहने [70][71][72][71]
National instrument राष्ट्रीय साधन Veena Vina वीणा ("Traditional instrument") पारंपरिक वाद्य यंत्र [73]
National fort राष्ट्रीय किला Lal Qila लाल किला ("Red Fort Delhi") [74]
National heritage राष्ट्रीय ऐतिहासिक धरोहर ("Historical") Elephanta Caves घारापुरी गुफाएँ ("The City of Caves") गुफाओं का शहर [75]
National Islamic shrine of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय इस्लामी मंदिर Ajmer Sharif Dargah अजमेर शरीफ दरगाह ("Ajmer Sharif") [76]
National Islamic heritage ("Imperial") राष्ट्रीय इस्लामी विरासत शाही Taj Mahal ताज महल ("Crown of the Palace") पैलेस का ताज [77]
National mandir of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय मंदिर ("Santana Dharma Sacred Site") संताना धर्म पवित्र स्थल Akshardham Temple अक्षरधाम मंदिर, दिल्ली ("Hindu National Temple") हिंदू राष्ट्रीय मंदिर [78][79]
National derasar of India राष्ट्रीय डेरा सर (Indian Sacred Jain Temple) भारतीय पवित्र जैन मंदिर Palitana Jain Temples पालिताना जैन मंदिर/Shri Shatrunjaya Tirtha श्री शत्रुंजय तीर्थ ("National Jain Dharam Temple of India") or ("City of Temples") मंदिरों का शहर [80][81]
National monastery of India राष्ट्रीय मठ (Indian Sacred Buddhist Temple) भारतीय पवित्र बौद्ध मंदिर Mahabodhi Temple महाबोधि मंदिर/"Great Awakening Temple" महान जागृत मंदिर ("National Budh Dharam Temple of India") [82]
National gurdwara of India राष्ट्रीय गुरुद्वारा (Indian Sacred Sikh Temple) भारतीय पवित्र सिख मंदिर Golden Temple/Harmandir Darbār Sahib अमृत ​​हरमंदिर दरबार साहिब ("National Sikh Dharam Temple of India") [83]
National mosque of India राष्ट्रीय मस्जिद (Islamic Place of Worship) इस्लामी पूजा स्थल Masjid e Jahan Numa/World-Reflecting Mosque/Great Delhi Friday Mosque ("National Muslim Dharam mosque of India") विश्व-परावर्तन मस्जिद
National park राष्ट्रीय सार्वजनिक पार्क Janeshwar Mishra Park जनेश्वर मिश्र उद्यान (Asia's Largest Urban Public Park) एशिया का सबसे बड़ा शहरी सार्वजनिक पार्क
National memorial राष्ट्रीय शहीद स्मारक Gandhi Smriti गाँधी स्मृति [84]
National stadium राष्ट्रीय स्टेडियम Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi) जवाहरलाल नेहरू स्टेडियम (दिल्ली)
National monument राष्ट्रीय स्मारक India Gate इण्डिया गेट [85]
National library National Library of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय पुस्तकालय [86][87][88]
National museum National Museum of India भारत का राष्ट्रीय संग्रहालय [89]
National passageway ("Traditional Trade-route") पारंपरिक व्यापार-मार्ग Bombay Gate गेटवे ऑफ़ इन्डिया ("National passageway of India") भारत का राष्ट्रीय मार्ग [90]
National beating retreat or flags lowering ceremony नेशनल बीटिंग रिट्रीट समारोह या झंडे कम समारोह (Since 1959 से) Joint-drill parade अटारी सीमा परेड ("Indo-Pakistani International Border") भारत-पाकिस्तान अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सीमा [91]
[change | change source]

References

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ Basu, Durga Das (2013). Introduction to the Constitution of India (21 ed.). LexisNexis. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-8038-918-4.
  2. ↑ Bharat Mata's third temple will be built in Kurukshetra, 5 acres of land will be near Jyotisar
  3. ↑ "Flag Code of India, 2002". Press Information Bureau. Government of India. 3 April 2002. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "State Emblem". Know India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  5. ↑ "Hindus laud Mick Jagger for singing in Sanskrit - Times Of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 12 August 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  6. ↑ Nehru, Jawaharlal. An Autobiography. Bodley Head.
  7. ↑ Augestine, Seline (17 June 2017). "Nightingale of India". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  8. ↑ The Illustrated Weekly of India. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1981.
  9. ↑ What is Swaraj? Archived 2012-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on July 12, 2007.
  10. ↑ de Silva, K. M.; Wriggins, Howard (1988). J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a Political Biography – Volume One: The First Fifty Years. University of Hawaii Press. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-8248-1183-9.
  11. ↑ "Man of the series: Nobel laureate Tagore". The Times of India. Times News Network. 3 April 2011.
  12. ↑ "How Tagore inspired Sri Lanka's national anthem". IBN Live. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
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  14. ↑ "Saare Jahan Se Accha: Facts about the song and its creator". India Today. 21 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  15. ↑ "Vande Mataram". Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
  16. ↑ Singh, Sarina (2009). Lonely Planet India (13, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-74179-151-8.
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  23. ↑ On 250th birthday, Survey of India wants to shed its cloak of secrecy, Indian Express.
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  30. ↑ "Flying low; India's flag carrier is in big trouble". The Economist. 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  31. ↑ "Don't take 1,000 and 500 Indian rupee notes to Nepal". Rib staff studies. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  32. ↑ Anita Rao Kashi. "How to Wear a Sari in India". World Hum. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  33. ↑ Indian clothes - Traditional Indian Dhoti, Dhoti Kurta, How to Wear a Dhoti, How to Tie Dhoti
  34. ↑ "'The word B'wood is derogatory'". The Indian Express. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  35. ↑ Richard Corliss (16 September 1996). "Hooray for Bollywood!". Time. Archived from the original on 11 July 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  36. ↑ Meghnad Saha Archived 2015-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ↑ "National Tree". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  38. ↑ "Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives". Know & Enjoy Tropical Fruit. 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  39. ↑ "National Fruit". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  40. ↑ "National Vegetable". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  41. ↑ "National Dish". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  42. ↑ "National Crop". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  43. ↑ "National Drink". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  44. ↑ "Sweet shops make hay in Diwali shine". The New Indian Express. 31 October 2013. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  45. ↑ Sangeetha Devi Dundoo (31 October 2013). "As good as home". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 46.6 46.7 Ali, Salim; Ripley, Sidney Dillon; Dick, John Henry (1980). Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 123–126. ISBN 978-0-19-562063-4.
  47. ↑ Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. (2012). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2: Attributes and Status (2nd ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-84-96553-87-3.
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  50. ↑ "Sheep and goat breeds of india". Fao.org. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  51. ↑ "2.3 Goat Breeds".
  52. ↑ Guading, Madonna (2009). The signs and symbols bible : the definitive guide to mysterious markings. New York: Sterling Pub. Co. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-4027-7004-3.
  53. ↑ Binney, Ruth (2006). Nature's Ways Lore, Legend, Fact and Fiction. F+W Media. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7153-3393-8.
  54. ↑ "Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture". Fowler Museum at UCLA. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  55. ↑ "Declaration of Gangetic Dolphin as National Aquatic Animal" (PDF). Government of India - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 10 May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  56. ↑ Lele, Jayant (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 978-90-04-06370-9.
  57. ↑ Leslie, J. (1998). "A bird bereaved: The identity and significance of Valmiki's kraunca". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 26 (5): 455–487. doi:10.1023/A:1004335910775. S2CID 169152694.
  58. ↑ Hammer, Niels (2009). "Why Sārus Cranes epitomize Karuṇarasa in the Rāmāyaṇa". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. (Third Series). 19 (2): 187–211. doi:10.1017/S1356186308009334. S2CID 145356486.
  59. ↑ Ghiradella, Helen (1991). "Light and color on the wing: structural colors in butterflies and moths". Applied Optics. 30 (24): 3492–3500. Bibcode:1991ApOpt..30.3492G. doi:10.1364/AO.30.003492. PMID 20706416.
  60. ↑ Michielsen, K.; Stavenga, D.G. (2008). "Gyroid cuticular structures in butterfly wing scales: biological photonic crystals". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 5 (18): 85–94. doi:10.1098/rsif.2007.1065. PMC 2709202. PMID 17567555.
  61. ↑ "Education for Biodiversity Conservation CoP-11, Hyderabad". Press Information Bureau Government of India. Press Information Bureau Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2019. The Minister also announced the National Microbe for India which was selected by children who had visited the Science Express Biodiversity Special, a train which has been visiting various stations across the country. Voting for the National Microbe took place in these stations and the children have selected the Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) to be the National Microbe for India
  62. ↑ Jukar, A.M.; Lyons, S.K.; Wagner, P.J.; Uhen, M.D. (January 2021). "Late Quaternary extinctions in the Indian Subcontinent". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 562: 110137. Bibcode:2021PPP...56210137J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110137. S2CID 228877664.
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  64. ↑ "National River". Government of India. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  65. ↑ Garhwal-Himalaya-Ost, 1:150,000 scale topographic map, prepared in 1992 by Ernst Huber for the Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, based on maps of the Survey of India.
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  67. ↑ Qazi, Shabir Ahmad; Qazi, Navaid Shabir (1 January 2008). Natural Resource Conservation and Environment Management. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0404-4. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via Google Books.
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  69. ↑ "National Sport". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  70. ↑ "National Dance". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Arunkumar, Anjani (1989). Compositions for Bharatanatyam: A Soulful Worship of the Divine. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  72. ↑ McCutchen, Brenda Pugh (2006). Teaching Dance as Art in. Human Kinetics. pp. 450–452. ISBN 978-0-7360-5188-0.
  73. ↑ "National Instrument". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  74. ↑ PTI (15 August 2013). "Manmohan first PM outside Nehru-Gandhi clan to hoist flag for 10th time". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  75. ↑ Berkson, Carmel; Doniger, Wendy, eds. (1999). Elephanta: the cave of Shiva (1. Indian ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.
  76. ↑  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ajmere". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 452–453.
  77. ↑ "Taj Mahal". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
  78. ↑ Malik, Rajiv. "Pride of India Swaminarayan Akshardham opens in New Delhi with praise from India's religious, cultural and political leaders". Hinduism Today. Satguru Bodhinatha Veylanswami. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
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  82. ↑ "World Heritage Day: Five must-visit sites in India". Archived from the original on 14 August 2015.
  83. ↑ Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 64–65. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0.
  84. ↑ "Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti Delhi". KahaJaun. 8 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  85. ↑ "Rashtrapati Bhavan museum ready to welcome visitors: 10 key attractions". 24 July 2016.
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  91. ↑ Khaleeli, Homa (1 November 2010). "Goodbye to the ceremony of silly walks between India and Pakistan". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2011.

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  1. ↑ Berkson, Carmel; Doniger, Wendy, eds. (1999). Elephanta: the cave of Shiva (1. Indian ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.
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