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{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Coup Belt
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| settlement_type    = Geopolitical region of Africa
| image_flag         = 
| flag_alt           = 
| image_seal         = 
| seal_alt           = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_alt         = 
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| image_map          = File:Coup belt.svg
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = African countries that have had successful coups between 2020 and 2023
| subdivision_type   = Countries
| subdivision_name   = 
| subdivision_type1  = Subregion
| subdivision_type2  = Subregion
| subdivision_type3  = 
| subdivision_name1  = 
| subdivision_type4  = Continent
| subdivision_name4  = [[Africa]]
| subdivision_type5  = Countries
| subdivision_name5  = [[Sahel]] and [[West Africa]], mainly:<br>{{Unbulleted list|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}|{{flag|Chad}}|{{flag|Gabon}}|{{flag|Guinea}}|{{flag|Mali}}|{{flag|Niger}}|{{flag|Sudan}}}}
| official_name      = 
}}

The '''Coup Belt''' is a term used to talk about a part of [[West Africa]] and the [[Sahel]], where there are a lot of [[Coup d'état|coups]] (where a group of people take over a government by force) happening. This term became popular recently because there were many coups in the early 2020s. Some examples include coups in Mali, Guinea, Chad, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Gabon.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mekki Elmograbi|date=7 September 2021|title=Guinea Joins the African Club of the “Coup Belt”|publisher=BL News|url=https://blnews.net/2021/09/guinea-joins-the-african-club-of-the-coup-belt/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Suleiman|first=Muhammad Dan|date=September 24, 2021|title=Towards a Better Understanding of the Underlying Conditions of Coups in Africa|url=https://www.e-ir.info/2021/09/24/towards-a-better-understanding-of-the-underlying-conditions-of-coups-in-africa/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 2, 2022|title=Africa’s ‘coup belt’ facing further upheaval|url=https://arab.news/ypd45|website=Arab News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Onuah|first=Felix|date=December 5, 2022|title=West African leaders plan peacekeeping force to counter 'coup belt' reputation|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/west-african-leaders-plan-peacekeeping-force-counter-coup-belt-reputation-2022-12-04/|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref> After a coup in [[Niger]] in 2023, these countries formed a line across [[Africa]] from the east coast to the west coast.

== Where it started ==
[[File:Coup-detats-in-Africa-Aug2023.png|thumb|278x278px|The number of successful coups d'état in postcolonial Africa (As of 1 August 2023).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Duzor|first=Megan|last2=Williamson|first2=Brian|date=February 2, 2022|year=|title=By the Numbers: Coups in Africa|work=Voice of America|url=https://projects.voanews.com/african-coups/|access-date=1 August 2023}}</ref> A successful coup occured in Gabon on 30 August 2023.]]
Since 1990, most of the coups in sub-Saharan Africa happened in countries that used to be ruled by France. Some people think that French influence might be causing instability in Africa.

The military leaders in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger stopped letting French troops operate in their countries. They also stopped using French as an official language.

There was supposed to be French troops in Niger after they left Mali and Burkina Faso. But because of a crisis in Niger and problems with France, this didn't happen.

A group called ECOWAS tried to change the bad image of this region, but they couldn't. They suspended Mali and Guinea after coups happened in those countries.

The coups in these countries are often similar. They usually happen because the military is unhappy with how the government is dealing with problems like protests or Islamic groups. The new leaders also don't have good relationships with Western countries. Instead, they look for support from Russia, Turkey, or other places.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-05|title=Africanews {{!}} French forces make Niger new home after being expelled by Mali|url=http://www.africanews.com/amp/2022/07/05/french-forces-make-niger-new-home-after-being-expelled-by-mali/|access-date=2023-08-06|website=Africanews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-07-05|title=Africanews {{!}} French forces make Niger new home after being expelled by Mali|url=http://www.africanews.com/amp/2022/07/05/french-forces-make-niger-new-home-after-being-expelled-by-mali/|access-date=2023-08-06|website=Africanews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-08-04|title=Niger junta revokes military pacts with France|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/niger-junta-amadou-abdramane-revokes-military-agreements-with-france/|access-date=2023-08-06|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref>

== Summary of coups d'état in West Africa and the Sahel region ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Date
!Country
!Event
!Head of state or government
!Coup leader(s)
!Outcome
|-
|{{dts|1963|1|13|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Dahomey}}
|[[1963 Dahomeyan coup d'état]]
|[[Christophe Soglo]]
|[[Hubert Maga]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1963|10|28|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Togo}}
|[[1963 Togolese coup d'état]]
|[[Sylvanus Olympio]]
|{{Unbulleted list|[[Emmanuel Bodjollé]]|[[Étienne Eyadéma]]|[[Kléber Dadjo]]|[[Nicolas Grunitzky]]}}
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1963|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|1963 Nigerian coup d'état attempt
|[[Hamani Diori]]
|Hassan A. Diallo
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|1966|01|3|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Upper Volta}}
|[[1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état]]
|[[Maurice Yaméogo]]
|[[Sangoulé Lamizana]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1966|01|16|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}
|[[1966 Nigerian coup d'état]]
|[[Nnamdi Azikiwe]]
|[[Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu]]
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|1966|02|24|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Ghana}}
|[[National Liberation Council|1966 Ghanaian coup d'état]]
|[[Kwame Nkrumah]]
|[[Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1966|07|28|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}
|[[1966 Nigerian counter-coup]]
|[[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]]
|[[Yakubu Gowon]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1967|3|21|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[1967 Sierra Leonean general election|First 1967 Sierra Leone coup d'état]]
|[[Siaka Stevens]]
|[[David Lansana]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1967|3|23|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[1967 Sierra Leonean general election|Second 1967 Sierra Leone coup d'état]]
|[[David Lansana]]
|[[Andrew Juxon-Smith]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1968|11|18|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Mali}}
|[[1968 Malian coup d'état]]
|[[Modibo Keïta]]
|[[Moussa Traoré]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1974|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|[[1974 Nigerien coup d'état]]
|Hamani Diori
|[[Seyni Kountché]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1980|11|25|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Upper Volta}}
|[[1980 Upper Volta coup d'état]]
|Sangoulé Lamizana
|[[Saye Zerbo]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1982|11|7|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Upper Volta}}
|[[1982 Upper Voltan coup d'état]]
|Say Zerbo
|[[Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1983|2|28|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Upper Volta}}
|[[1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état attempt]]
|Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
|Saye Zerbo
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|1983|8|4|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Upper Volta}}
|[[1983 Upper Voltan coup d'état]]
|Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
|[[Thomas Sankara]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1984|4|3|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Guinea}}
|[[1984 Guinean coup d'état]]
|[[Louis Lansana Beavogui]]
|[[Lansana Conté]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1987|3|23|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[Joseph Saidu Momoh#1987 treason trial|1987 Sierra Leonean coup d'état attempt]]
|[[Joseph Saidu Momoh]]
|[[Francis Minah]]
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|1987|10|15|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état]]
|Thomas Sankara
|[[Blaise Compaoré]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1990|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{flag|Chad}}
|[[1990 Chadian coup d'état]]
|[[Hissène Habré]]
|[[Idriss Déby]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1991|3|26|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Mali}}
|[[1991 Malian coup d'état]]
|Moussa Traoré
|[[Amadou Toumani Touré]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1992|4|29|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[1992 Sierra Leonean coup d'état]]
|[[Joseph Saidu Momoh]]
|[[Valentine Strasser]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1996|1|27|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|[[1996 Nigerien coup d'état]]
|[[Mahamane Ousmane]]
|[[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|1999|4|9|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|[[1999 Nigerien coup d'état]]
|Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
|[[Daouda Malam Wanké]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2003|10|7|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[2003 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt]]
|Blaise Compaoré
|
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|2005|2|5|format=dmy}}
|{{flag|Togo}}
|[[Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba#2005 political crisis and subsequent events|2005 Togolese coup d'état]]
|[[Fambaré Ouattara Natchaba]]
|{{Unbulleted list|[[Faure Gnassingbé]]|[[Zakari Nandja]]}}
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2008|12|23|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Guinea}}
|[[2008 Guinean coup d'état]]
|[[Aboubacar Somparé]]
|[[Moussa Dadis Camara]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2010|2|18|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|[[2010 Nigerien coup d'état]]
|[[Mamadou Tandja]]
|[[Salou Djibo]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2011|7|16|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|[[2010 Nigerien coup d'état|2011 Nigerien coup d'état attempt]]
|[[Mahamadou Issoufou]]
|
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|2012|3|21|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Mali}}
|[[2012 Malian coup d'état]]
|Amadou Toumani Touré
|[[Amadou Sanogo]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2014|11|03|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[2014 Burkina Faso uprising]]
|Blaise Compaoré
|{{Unbulleted list|[[Honoré Traoré]]|[[Yacouba Isaac Zida]]}}
|Uprising successful
|-
|{{dts|2015|9|16|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[2015 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt]]
|[[Michel Kafando]]
|[[Gilbert Diendéré]]
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|2019|4|11|format=dmy}}
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|[[2019 Sudanese coup d'état]]
|[[Omar al-Bashir]]
|{{Unbulleted list|[[Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf]]|[[Abdel Fattah al-Burhan]]}}
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2020|8|18|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Mali}}
|[[2020 Malian coup d'état]]
|[[Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta]]
|{{Unbulleted list|[[Assimi Goïta]]|[[Malick Diaw]]|[[Ismaël Wagué]]|[[Sadio Camara]]|[[Bah Ndaw]]}}
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2021|3|31|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|[[2021 Nigerien coup d'état attempt]]
|[[Mohamed Bazoum]]
|Sani Saley Gourouza
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|2021|4|20|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Chad}}
|[[Idriss Déby#Death in battle|Death of Idriss Déby]]
|Idriss Déby
|[[Mahamat Déby]]
|Regarded as a coup by regional opposition
|-
|{{dts|2021|5|24|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Mali}}
|[[2021 Malian coup d'état]]
|Bah Ndaw
|Assimi Goïta
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2021|9|5|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Guinea}}
|[[2021 Guinean coup d'état]]
|[[Alpha Condé]]
|[[Mamady Doumbouya]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2021|10|25|format=dmy}}
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|[[2021 Sudan coup d'état]]
|[[Abdalla Hamdok]]
|{{Unbulleted list|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan|[[Hemedti]]}}
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2022|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état]]
|[[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]]
|[[Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2022|9|30|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|[[September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état]]
|Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba
|[[Ibrahim Traoré]]
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2023|4|15|format=dmy}}
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|[[2023 Sudan conflict]]
|Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
|Hemedti
|Inconclusive; led to civil conflict
|-
|{{dts|2023|7|26|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Niger}}
|[[2023 Nigerien coup d'état]]
|Mohamed Bazoum
|{{Unbulleted list|[[Abdourahamane Tchiani]]|[[Amadou Abdramane]]|[[Salifou Modi]]|[[Abdou Sidikou Issa]]|[[Moussa Salaou Barmou]]}}
|Coup successful
|-
|{{dts|2023|8|1|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}}
|[[2023 Sierra Leone coup plot|2023 Sierra Leone coup attempt]]
|[[Julius Maada Bio]]
|
|Coup failure
|-
|{{dts|2023|8|30|format=dmy}}
|{{Flag|Gabon}}
|[[2023 Gabonese coup d'état]]
|[[Ali Bongo Ondimba]]
|[[Brice Oligui]]
|Coup successful
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{2020s in history}}
[[Category:2020s in politics]]
[[Category:Africa]]

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