The title smsw hAyt, the elder of the hAyt, could be traced in Ancient Egypt amongst officials' t... more The title smsw hAyt, the elder of the hAyt, could be traced in Ancient Egypt amongst officials' titles since the Fourth Dynasty till the Twenty First Dynasty. The title smsw hAyt was related to some pyramid complexes; palaces as well as in connection with temples. The title was interpreted as " the elder of the portal " , " the elder of the forecourt " or " the elder of the hall ". The duties of the job were varied administrational and ritualistic ones. This research aims to study the development of the title as well as the duties and the status of the officials who held it.
The Ogdoad (xmnw) were the original eight great deities, who were primarily worshipped at Hermopo... more The Ogdoad (xmnw) were the original eight great deities, who were primarily worshipped at Hermopolis, but their aspects of the creation were combined in other areas with existing myths. They were thought to have helped Thoth with creation, then died and retired to the land of the dead where they continued to make the Nile flow and the sun rise every day. Hermopolis means "the city of Hermes" in Greek. The Greeks gave it that name because it was a major cult center of the god Thoth who they associated with their god Hermes, but the Egyptians knew it as xmnw (the City of the Eight). The name survived into Coptic as (Shmounein), from which the modern name, El Ashmunein, is derived. It was the capital of the Fifteenth Nome of Upper Egypt and now it is considered a village of El Minia government (approximately 300 km south Cairo). Each pair of the Ogdoad represented the male and female aspects of the four creative powers or sources, represents also an aspect of the primordial
The title smsw hAyt, the elder of the hAyt, could be traced in Ancient Egypt amongst officials' t... more The title smsw hAyt, the elder of the hAyt, could be traced in Ancient Egypt amongst officials' titles since the Fourth Dynasty till the Twenty First Dynasty. The title smsw hAyt was related to some pyramid complexes; palaces as well as in connection with temples. The title was interpreted as " the elder of the portal " , " the elder of the forecourt " or " the elder of the hall ". The duties of the job were varied administrational and ritualistic ones. This research aims to study the development of the title as well as the duties and the status of the officials who held it.
The Ogdoad (xmnw) were the original eight great deities, who were primarily worshipped at Hermopo... more The Ogdoad (xmnw) were the original eight great deities, who were primarily worshipped at Hermopolis, but their aspects of the creation were combined in other areas with existing myths. They were thought to have helped Thoth with creation, then died and retired to the land of the dead where they continued to make the Nile flow and the sun rise every day. Hermopolis means "the city of Hermes" in Greek. The Greeks gave it that name because it was a major cult center of the god Thoth who they associated with their god Hermes, but the Egyptians knew it as xmnw (the City of the Eight). The name survived into Coptic as (Shmounein), from which the modern name, El Ashmunein, is derived. It was the capital of the Fifteenth Nome of Upper Egypt and now it is considered a village of El Minia government (approximately 300 km south Cairo). Each pair of the Ogdoad represented the male and female aspects of the four creative powers or sources, represents also an aspect of the primordial
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