A román nyugdíjrendszer helyzete, fejlődésének aktuális tendenciái képezik vizsgálatom tárgyát az... more A román nyugdíjrendszer helyzete, fejlődésének aktuális tendenciái képezik vizsgálatom tárgyát az alábbi rövid tanulmányomban. Kiindulási pontként a PhD értekezésem megvédésekor rögzített gondolatokat vettem alapul, s erre az alapra vázoltam fel néhány olyan problémát, amely változatlanul fennáll azóta is, vagy amelyek éppenséggel az elmúlt időszakban jelentek meg a román nyugdíjrendszerben. Ugyanakkor a jövőbe mutató fejlődési irányokat is igyekeztem bemutatni, figyelembe véve azokat a legfrissebb jogszabályi változásokat, amelyek jelen pillanatban meghatározzák a román nyugdíjrendszert.
The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new cir... more The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new circumstances, challenges and tasks that had previously been widely debated came to the fore. Among these, we can list the issues of working time and rest time, and consequently the work–life balance or sometimes imbalance of the employees. As a result of the pandemic, some processes that have been observed in labour law for a long time have been accelerated. In our opinion, the particularity of the current situation is based on the considerable size of digitalization, the use of new technologies in work, and the widespread use of atypical labour relations, which had a major impact on the solutions that were chosen to countervail the effects of the pandemic.
We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulatio... more We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulations on working time and rest time have changed in Hungary and Romania in the last 3 decades, and on the other hand, to find out how the 20-29 age group relates to working time, overtime. In both countries, pre-transition labour codes have been replaced, bringing a new perspective to these countries. On the one hand, pre-regime change work organization models were partially or completely transformed, adapting to a new kind of capitalist market perception. Related to the previous two effects is the fact that both countries applied for membership in the European Union, which meant the incorporation of EU standards into national law and compliance with EU minimum standards. These EU effects have largely affected labour law and working time. In addition to the above, it is necessary to look not only at legal and economic changes, but also at social changes, shifts towards flexible legal relati...
The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new cir... more The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new circumstances, challenges and tasks that had previously been widely debated came to the fore. Among these, we can list the issues of working time and rest time, and consequently the work–life balance or sometimes imbalance of the employees. As a result of the pandemic, some processes that have been observed in labour law for a long time have been accelerated. In our opinion, the particularity of the current situation is based on the considerable size of digitalization, the use of new technologies in work, and the widespread use of atypical labour relations, which had a major impact on the solutions that were chosen to countervail the effects of the pandemic.
Pandemic crisis management requires new solutions that are not necessarily workable options in th... more Pandemic crisis management requires new solutions that are not necessarily workable options in the traditional labour market. It is not about starting from scratch but about bringing to the fore legal institutions that have not been significant so far. This has had an unexpected effect on the labour law of Central European countries, as social partners fundamentally distrust atypical forms of work. This situation is also true for Romania and Hungary. In our study, we do not intend to present all forms, but only the two most important legal instruments in the labour market shaped by the pandemic; we analyse teleworking and home office work.
The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new cir... more The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new circumstances, challenges and tasks that had previously been widely debated came to the fore. Among these, we can list the issues of working time and rest time, and consequently the work-life balance or sometimes imbalance of the employees. As a result of the pandemic, some processes that have been observed in labour law for a long time have been accelerated. In our opinion, the particularity of the current situation is based on the considerable size of digitalization, the use of new technologies in work, and the widespread use of atypical labour relations, which had a major impact on the solutions that were chosen to countervail the effects of the pandemic .
Following the coming into force of the new Social Dialogue Act in 2011, the Romanian collective b... more Following the coming into force of the new Social Dialogue Act in 2011, the Romanian collective bargaining system has fundamentally changed due to the restructuring of the levels of collective bargaining and the definition of the representativeness criteria. The collective agreement is the central institution of the collective labour law, the existence or non-existence of it, the content of the agreement being of a real interest for the enforcement of employees’ interest. The new regulation significantly weakened the bargaining power of the social partners, which very soon led to a drastic reduction in the number of the concluded collective agreements.In our study, we try to point out the problematic issues of the Romanian regulation related to the collective agreement, anticipating at the same time the possible new perspectives opened up by the attempt to amend the law.
We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulatio... more We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulations on working time and rest time have changed in Hungary and Romania in the last 3 decades, and on the other hand, to find out how the 20-29 age group relates to working time, overtime. In both countries, pre-transition labour codes have been replaced, bringing a new perspective to these countries. On the one hand, pre-regime change work organization models were partially or completely transformed, adapting to a new kind of capitalist market perception. Related to the previous two effects is the fact that both countries applied for membership in the European Union, which meant the incorporation of EU standards into national law and compliance with EU minimum standards. These EU effects have largely affected labour law and working time. In addition to the above, it is necessary to look not only at legal and economic changes, but also at social changes, shifts towards flexible legal relati...
The European Commission considers social dialogue to be crucial for promoting both competitivenes... more The European Commission considers social dialogue to be crucial for promoting both competitiveness and fairness in Europe. We can notice that countries with the tradition of social dialogue tend to have stronger and more stable economies, and they are often the most competitive ones in Europe. Starting from this fact, the European Commission considers that ‘knowing the important role that social dialogue plays and the positive benefit it has on a country’s economy, the challenge today is to enhance its role across all EU Member States.’ Although the importance of social dialogue and collective bargaining is unanimously recognized by scholars, governance, and the social partners, the Romanian situation can hardly be considered an ideal one. Numerous problems in the practice of social dialogue can be identified, having their origins in the legal regulation, the lack of traditions, and some other issues as well. In this paper, we shall briefly present the Romanian legal regulation conc...
Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly common to hear the verdict that labour law ... more Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly common to hear the verdict that labour law is in crisis, finding it increasingly difficult to fulfil its main task of protecting workers. This is happening first and foremost because since classical labour law rules were established, society as a whole has undergone a profound change, with the labour market shifting towards production and the economy, globalisation, digitalisation and flexible work. Following the 4.0 industrial revolution, the aim is to achieve a 5.0 society, and this is the direction artificial intelligence, digitalisation and robotisation point to as well. In our short study, we ask to what extent labour law is ready for this, and what are the main problems and obstacles that may arise. We do this by taking the example of Romania's legal development, and starting from the premise that the labour law measures introduced in the wake of the current pandemic are a valuable experience, as they have acted as a catalyst to bring to the fore dilemmas that labour law has been struggling with for some time. We can therefore experiment with the effects of some of the measures introduced in the context of the pandemic on the labour market and the situation of workers, and it would be wise to learn from these experiences.
A román nyugdíjrendszer helyzete, fejlődésének aktuális tendenciái képezik vizsgálatom tárgyát az... more A román nyugdíjrendszer helyzete, fejlődésének aktuális tendenciái képezik vizsgálatom tárgyát az alábbi rövid tanulmányomban. Kiindulási pontként a PhD értekezésem megvédésekor rögzített gondolatokat vettem alapul, s erre az alapra vázoltam fel néhány olyan problémát, amely változatlanul fennáll azóta is, vagy amelyek éppenséggel az elmúlt időszakban jelentek meg a román nyugdíjrendszerben. Ugyanakkor a jövőbe mutató fejlődési irányokat is igyekeztem bemutatni, figyelembe véve azokat a legfrissebb jogszabályi változásokat, amelyek jelen pillanatban meghatározzák a román nyugdíjrendszert.
The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new cir... more The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new circumstances, challenges and tasks that had previously been widely debated came to the fore. Among these, we can list the issues of working time and rest time, and consequently the work–life balance or sometimes imbalance of the employees. As a result of the pandemic, some processes that have been observed in labour law for a long time have been accelerated. In our opinion, the particularity of the current situation is based on the considerable size of digitalization, the use of new technologies in work, and the widespread use of atypical labour relations, which had a major impact on the solutions that were chosen to countervail the effects of the pandemic.
We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulatio... more We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulations on working time and rest time have changed in Hungary and Romania in the last 3 decades, and on the other hand, to find out how the 20-29 age group relates to working time, overtime. In both countries, pre-transition labour codes have been replaced, bringing a new perspective to these countries. On the one hand, pre-regime change work organization models were partially or completely transformed, adapting to a new kind of capitalist market perception. Related to the previous two effects is the fact that both countries applied for membership in the European Union, which meant the incorporation of EU standards into national law and compliance with EU minimum standards. These EU effects have largely affected labour law and working time. In addition to the above, it is necessary to look not only at legal and economic changes, but also at social changes, shifts towards flexible legal relati...
The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new cir... more The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new circumstances, challenges and tasks that had previously been widely debated came to the fore. Among these, we can list the issues of working time and rest time, and consequently the work–life balance or sometimes imbalance of the employees. As a result of the pandemic, some processes that have been observed in labour law for a long time have been accelerated. In our opinion, the particularity of the current situation is based on the considerable size of digitalization, the use of new technologies in work, and the widespread use of atypical labour relations, which had a major impact on the solutions that were chosen to countervail the effects of the pandemic.
Pandemic crisis management requires new solutions that are not necessarily workable options in th... more Pandemic crisis management requires new solutions that are not necessarily workable options in the traditional labour market. It is not about starting from scratch but about bringing to the fore legal institutions that have not been significant so far. This has had an unexpected effect on the labour law of Central European countries, as social partners fundamentally distrust atypical forms of work. This situation is also true for Romania and Hungary. In our study, we do not intend to present all forms, but only the two most important legal instruments in the labour market shaped by the pandemic; we analyse teleworking and home office work.
The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new cir... more The effects of the coronavirus pandemic did not leave the world of work untouched. In the new circumstances, challenges and tasks that had previously been widely debated came to the fore. Among these, we can list the issues of working time and rest time, and consequently the work-life balance or sometimes imbalance of the employees. As a result of the pandemic, some processes that have been observed in labour law for a long time have been accelerated. In our opinion, the particularity of the current situation is based on the considerable size of digitalization, the use of new technologies in work, and the widespread use of atypical labour relations, which had a major impact on the solutions that were chosen to countervail the effects of the pandemic .
Following the coming into force of the new Social Dialogue Act in 2011, the Romanian collective b... more Following the coming into force of the new Social Dialogue Act in 2011, the Romanian collective bargaining system has fundamentally changed due to the restructuring of the levels of collective bargaining and the definition of the representativeness criteria. The collective agreement is the central institution of the collective labour law, the existence or non-existence of it, the content of the agreement being of a real interest for the enforcement of employees’ interest. The new regulation significantly weakened the bargaining power of the social partners, which very soon led to a drastic reduction in the number of the concluded collective agreements.In our study, we try to point out the problematic issues of the Romanian regulation related to the collective agreement, anticipating at the same time the possible new perspectives opened up by the attempt to amend the law.
We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulatio... more We examined two main questions in our paper, on the one hand, to find out how the legal regulations on working time and rest time have changed in Hungary and Romania in the last 3 decades, and on the other hand, to find out how the 20-29 age group relates to working time, overtime. In both countries, pre-transition labour codes have been replaced, bringing a new perspective to these countries. On the one hand, pre-regime change work organization models were partially or completely transformed, adapting to a new kind of capitalist market perception. Related to the previous two effects is the fact that both countries applied for membership in the European Union, which meant the incorporation of EU standards into national law and compliance with EU minimum standards. These EU effects have largely affected labour law and working time. In addition to the above, it is necessary to look not only at legal and economic changes, but also at social changes, shifts towards flexible legal relati...
The European Commission considers social dialogue to be crucial for promoting both competitivenes... more The European Commission considers social dialogue to be crucial for promoting both competitiveness and fairness in Europe. We can notice that countries with the tradition of social dialogue tend to have stronger and more stable economies, and they are often the most competitive ones in Europe. Starting from this fact, the European Commission considers that ‘knowing the important role that social dialogue plays and the positive benefit it has on a country’s economy, the challenge today is to enhance its role across all EU Member States.’ Although the importance of social dialogue and collective bargaining is unanimously recognized by scholars, governance, and the social partners, the Romanian situation can hardly be considered an ideal one. Numerous problems in the practice of social dialogue can be identified, having their origins in the legal regulation, the lack of traditions, and some other issues as well. In this paper, we shall briefly present the Romanian legal regulation conc...
Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly common to hear the verdict that labour law ... more Over the past two decades, it has become increasingly common to hear the verdict that labour law is in crisis, finding it increasingly difficult to fulfil its main task of protecting workers. This is happening first and foremost because since classical labour law rules were established, society as a whole has undergone a profound change, with the labour market shifting towards production and the economy, globalisation, digitalisation and flexible work. Following the 4.0 industrial revolution, the aim is to achieve a 5.0 society, and this is the direction artificial intelligence, digitalisation and robotisation point to as well. In our short study, we ask to what extent labour law is ready for this, and what are the main problems and obstacles that may arise. We do this by taking the example of Romania's legal development, and starting from the premise that the labour law measures introduced in the wake of the current pandemic are a valuable experience, as they have acted as a catalyst to bring to the fore dilemmas that labour law has been struggling with for some time. We can therefore experiment with the effects of some of the measures introduced in the context of the pandemic on the labour market and the situation of workers, and it would be wise to learn from these experiences.
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