The aim of this paper is to report the patterns that emerged as a result of conducting two studie... more The aim of this paper is to report the patterns that emerged as a result of conducting two studies: first, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that investigated Agile and User Centred Design Integration (AUCDI) challenges, strategies and success factors and included a total of 71 AUCDI experience reports, lessons learned, and success and failure AUCDI case studies. Second, an interview study that investigated challenges and practices faced by industrial AUCDI attempts. The patterns that emerged are related to various aspects of the integration process, for example, design, prioritizing User Centred Design (UCD) activities, usability testing, UCD practitioners, documentation and communication between the customer and the development team.
Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining increased... more Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining increased interest, in part due to the complementarity of the techniques, the benefits each can apply to the other, and the challenges associated with their combination. This paper describes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that was conducted on Agile and UCD integration. The aim of this SLR was to identify various challenging factors that restrict Agile and User Centred Design Integration (AUCDI) and explore the proposed practices to deal with them. The study included a total of 71 papers and excluded 80 papers published from the year 2000 till 2012. AUCDI challenges and their respective proposed practices and success factors were synthesized. A description and taxonomy of AUCDI challenges and its respective success factors and practices were reported. Practitioners can utilise the results in identifying potential AUCDI challenges and practices or success factors to deal with them.
Agile and user centered design integration (AUCDI) is of significant interest to researchers who ... more Agile and user centered design integration (AUCDI) is of significant interest to researchers who want to achieve syn-ergy and eliminate limitations of each. Currently, there are no clear principles or guidelines for practitioners to achieve successful integration. In addition, substantial differences exist between agile and UCD approaches which pose challenges to integration attempts. As a result, practitioners developed individual integration strategies. However, success evaluation of current AUCDI attempts has been anec-dotal. Moreover, AUCDI attempts cannot be generalized to provide guidance and assistance to other projects or organizations with different needs. My thesis aims to provide a Software Process Improvement (SPI) framework for AUCDI by providing generic guidelines and practices for organizations aspiring to achieve AUCDI in order to address AUCDI challenges including: introducing systematicity and structure into AUCDI, assessing AUCDI processes, and accommodating project and organizational characteristics.
ABSTRACT As agile is maturing and becoming more widely adopted, it is important that researchers ... more ABSTRACT As agile is maturing and becoming more widely adopted, it is important that researchers are aware of the challenges faced by practitioners and organisations. We undertook a thematic analysis of 193 agile challenges collected at a series of agile conferences and events during 2013 and 2014. Participants were mainly practitioners and business representatives along with some academics. The challenges were thematically analysed by separate authors, synthesised, and a list of seven themes and 27 sub-themes was agreed. Themes were Organisation, Sustainability, Culture, Teams, Scale, Value and Claims and Limitations. We compare our findings against previous attempts to identify and categorise agile challenges. While most themes have persisted we found a shift of focus towards sustainability, business engagement and transformation, as well as claims and limitations. We identify areas for further research and a need for innovative methods of conveying academic research to industry and industrial problems to academia.
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in the domain of language learning are becoming very common. S... more Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in the domain of language learning are becoming very common. Software engineering best practices and frameworks should be used to ease the process of developing new intelligent tutoring systems. In this research, we show how a Pattern language for intelligent tutoring systems (PLITS) was used to develop modules of the Arabic Tutor. The Arabic tutor is a web-based ITS for teaching Arabic Grammar. We focus on how PLITS was used to develop both Tutor and interface modules of the Arabic Tutor.
This paper describes an evaluation template for expert review of maturity models. The template ad... more This paper describes an evaluation template for expert review of maturity models. The template addresses the different aspects involved in assessing both the construct and instruments of maturity models. It was produced via an extensive literature review of principles of design, development and evaluation of maturity models. This template can be beneficial to creators of maturity models since it provides them with a road map of the issues involved in evaluating maturity models via expert reviewers. The results of the expert evaluation can lead to the evolution of the maturity model into a number of subsequent versions.
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering - EASE '14, 2014
ABSTRACT Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining ... more ABSTRACT Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining increased interest, in part due to the complementarity of the techniques, the benefits each can apply to the other, and the challenges associated with their combination. This paper describes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that was conducted on Agile and UCD integration. The aim of this SLR was to identify various challenging factors that restrict Agile and User Centred Design Integration (AUCDI) and explore the proposed practices to deal with them. The study included a total of 71 papers and excluded 80 papers published from the year 2000 till 2012. AUCDI challenges and their respective proposed practices and success factors were synthesized. A description and taxonomy of AUCDI challenges and its respective success factors and practices were reported. Practitioners can utilise the results in identifying potential AUCDI challenges and practices or success factors to deal with them.
The aim of this paper is to report the patterns that emerged as a result of conducting two studie... more The aim of this paper is to report the patterns that emerged as a result of conducting two studies: first, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that investigated Agile and User Centred Design Integration (AUCDI) challenges, strategies and success factors and included a total of 71 AUCDI experience reports, lessons learned, and success and failure AUCDI case studies. Second, an interview study that investigated challenges and practices faced by industrial AUCDI attempts. The patterns that emerged are related to various aspects of the integration process, for example, design, prioritizing User Centred Design (UCD) activities, usability testing, UCD practitioners, documentation and communication between the customer and the development team.
Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining increased... more Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining increased interest, in part due to the complementarity of the techniques, the benefits each can apply to the other, and the challenges associated with their combination. This paper describes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that was conducted on Agile and UCD integration. The aim of this SLR was to identify various challenging factors that restrict Agile and User Centred Design Integration (AUCDI) and explore the proposed practices to deal with them. The study included a total of 71 papers and excluded 80 papers published from the year 2000 till 2012. AUCDI challenges and their respective proposed practices and success factors were synthesized. A description and taxonomy of AUCDI challenges and its respective success factors and practices were reported. Practitioners can utilise the results in identifying potential AUCDI challenges and practices or success factors to deal with them.
Agile and user centered design integration (AUCDI) is of significant interest to researchers who ... more Agile and user centered design integration (AUCDI) is of significant interest to researchers who want to achieve syn-ergy and eliminate limitations of each. Currently, there are no clear principles or guidelines for practitioners to achieve successful integration. In addition, substantial differences exist between agile and UCD approaches which pose challenges to integration attempts. As a result, practitioners developed individual integration strategies. However, success evaluation of current AUCDI attempts has been anec-dotal. Moreover, AUCDI attempts cannot be generalized to provide guidance and assistance to other projects or organizations with different needs. My thesis aims to provide a Software Process Improvement (SPI) framework for AUCDI by providing generic guidelines and practices for organizations aspiring to achieve AUCDI in order to address AUCDI challenges including: introducing systematicity and structure into AUCDI, assessing AUCDI processes, and accommodating project and organizational characteristics.
ABSTRACT As agile is maturing and becoming more widely adopted, it is important that researchers ... more ABSTRACT As agile is maturing and becoming more widely adopted, it is important that researchers are aware of the challenges faced by practitioners and organisations. We undertook a thematic analysis of 193 agile challenges collected at a series of agile conferences and events during 2013 and 2014. Participants were mainly practitioners and business representatives along with some academics. The challenges were thematically analysed by separate authors, synthesised, and a list of seven themes and 27 sub-themes was agreed. Themes were Organisation, Sustainability, Culture, Teams, Scale, Value and Claims and Limitations. We compare our findings against previous attempts to identify and categorise agile challenges. While most themes have persisted we found a shift of focus towards sustainability, business engagement and transformation, as well as claims and limitations. We identify areas for further research and a need for innovative methods of conveying academic research to industry and industrial problems to academia.
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in the domain of language learning are becoming very common. S... more Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in the domain of language learning are becoming very common. Software engineering best practices and frameworks should be used to ease the process of developing new intelligent tutoring systems. In this research, we show how a Pattern language for intelligent tutoring systems (PLITS) was used to develop modules of the Arabic Tutor. The Arabic tutor is a web-based ITS for teaching Arabic Grammar. We focus on how PLITS was used to develop both Tutor and interface modules of the Arabic Tutor.
This paper describes an evaluation template for expert review of maturity models. The template ad... more This paper describes an evaluation template for expert review of maturity models. The template addresses the different aspects involved in assessing both the construct and instruments of maturity models. It was produced via an extensive literature review of principles of design, development and evaluation of maturity models. This template can be beneficial to creators of maturity models since it provides them with a road map of the issues involved in evaluating maturity models via expert reviewers. The results of the expert evaluation can lead to the evolution of the maturity model into a number of subsequent versions.
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering - EASE '14, 2014
ABSTRACT Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining ... more ABSTRACT Agile development processes and User Centred Design (UCD) integration have been gaining increased interest, in part due to the complementarity of the techniques, the benefits each can apply to the other, and the challenges associated with their combination. This paper describes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that was conducted on Agile and UCD integration. The aim of this SLR was to identify various challenging factors that restrict Agile and User Centred Design Integration (AUCDI) and explore the proposed practices to deal with them. The study included a total of 71 papers and excluded 80 papers published from the year 2000 till 2012. AUCDI challenges and their respective proposed practices and success factors were synthesized. A description and taxonomy of AUCDI challenges and its respective success factors and practices were reported. Practitioners can utilise the results in identifying potential AUCDI challenges and practices or success factors to deal with them.
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