Andrej Zwitter
Dean University College Fryslân, University of GroningenDirector Data Research Centre, Campus Fryslân
Address: Oude Kijk in 't Jatstraat 26
9712 EK Groningen
The Netherlands
Address: Oude Kijk in 't Jatstraat 26
9712 EK Groningen
The Netherlands
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Papers by Andrej Zwitter
The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in such crises - such as in Haiti, Iraq and Sudan - and this volume aims to pioneer a theory-based, interdisciplinary framework that can assist students and practitioners in the field to acquire the skills and expertise necessary for evidence-based decision-making and programming in humanitarian action. It has four major objectives:
To provide a tool for diagnosing and understanding complex emergencies, and build on the concepts of state security and human security to provide a ‘Snap-Shot Analysis’ of the status quo;
To provide a tool for analysing the causes of crises as well as the related stakeholder field;
To provide a frame to structure and analyse the information required to evaluate, monitor and/or design interventions for different actors on a project and/or programme level;
To combine concepts used in the humanitarian field with underlying theory in a practically relevant way.
The book will be of much interest to students of humanitarian intervention, human security, peacebuilding, development studies, peace studies and IR in general.
1. Introduction: The Need for Evidence-based Programming in Humanitarian Action, Liesbet Heyse, Andrej Zwitter, Rafael Wittek and Joost Herman 2. Existing frameworks for humanitarian crisis analysis, Liesbet Heyse 3. Context analysis and securitization, Andrej Zwitter and Joost Herman 4. From theory to analysis: H-AID methodology, Rafael Wittek and Andrej Zwitter 5. Conducting a Comprehensive Context Analysis (CCA), Andrej Zwitter 6. The political context, Chris K. Lamont 7. The economic context, Fleur S. Mulder and Bartjan J.W. Pennink 8. The social context, Cécile W.J. de Milliano and Barbara Boudewijnse 9. The health and food context, Rensia R. Bakker 10. The environmental context, Peter D.M. Weesie 11. From context analysis to intervention design, Liesbet Heyse 12. Stakeholder analysis: towards feasible interventions, Rafael Wittek 13. Monitoring, evaluation and learning in humanitarian organizations, Chamutal Afek-Eitam and Adriaan Ferf Conclusion, Liesbet Heyse, Andrej Zwitter, Rafael Wittek and Joost Herman
Foreword
Introduction Andrej Zwitter, Christopher K. Lamont, Hans-Joachim Heintze and Joost Herman
Part I:
1. International law and humanitarian space in the twenty-first century: challenged relationships Joost Herman
2. The perils of Dunantism: the need for a rights-based approach to humanitarianism Dirk Salomons
3. A humanitarian crisis: reframing the legal framework on humanitarian assistance Emilie Kuijt
4. The utility and limits of legal mandate: humanitarian assistance, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and mandate ambiguity Rotem Giladi
5. Issues of state consent and international humanitarian assistance in disasters: the work of the International Law Commission Sridhar Patnaik Dabiru
6. United Nations involvement in humanitarian assistance: competences of the Security Council to face today's obstructions Heike Montag
7. International norms informing domestic disaster response schemes Heike Spieker
8. A duty to accept humanitarian assistance under the ICESCR Stefanie Jansen-Wilhelm
9. Regional human rights regimes and humanitarian obligations of states in the event of disaster Marlies Hesselman
10. Assessing the complex normative pluralism in humanitarian crises: do local norms matter? Joris Kocken
Part II:
11. Thou shall not … misappropriate humanitarian aid – on European Union humanitarian aid and the fight against corruption Morten Broberg
12. Developments in African disaster response law and the African Union: a view from the field Sanne Boswijk
13. Humanitarian assistance and the right to water: an ASEAN region perspective Diana Philip
14. Indonesian compliance and its effective implementation of international norms on disaster response Heribertus Jaka Triyana
15. Enforcing aid in Myanmar: state responsibility and humanitarian aid provision Andrej Zwitter and Christopher Lamont
16. The regionalization of humanitarian action: the role of the OAS Abel Knottnerus
17. Providing relief in times of war: the role of the ICRC in the Colombian conflict during the Uribe administration (2002–2010) Sandra Borda
18. Humanitarian assistance and failed states: still an issue of sovereignty? The case study of Haiti Hans-Joachim Heintze
19. Principles of neutrality and impartiality of humanitarian action in the aftermath of the 2011 Libyan conflict Kubo Mačák
Conclusion Andrej Zwitter, Christopher K. Lamont, Hans-Joachim Heintze and Joost Herman.
The responses are examined on the basis of international law, in particular human rights law, and within the concept of human security, with the goal of fostering a long-term reduction in political violence. Drawing on existing political discussions and research about the root causes of terrorism, Zwitter develops a legal framework for the application of legal terrorism prevention tools. This study serves as a framework of action and analysis using concepts and particularly legal frameworks which are already broadly or universally recognized to increase the applicability of the framework without having to invent new legal regimes. In doing so it makes use of the concept of human security for tackling breeding grounds and other facilitators of terrorism making it universally accessible.
Combining social science research with legal sociology and international law, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of politics, international relations, security studies, conflict studies and law.
If a universal code of professional ethics is possible, it must be sufficiently general to cover most of the common scenarios a professional might find herself in and specific enough to give action guidance. Such a code, which this essay will develop, could form the basis of more specific codes of ethics for different professions. This chapter aims to develop principles, which could function in conjunction as a universal code of ethics. At the same time, it will highlight potential pitfalls that one might encounter when applying these principles or trying to use them as a basis for more specific professional codes of conduct.
This chapter will give an introduction to the general laws and norms, as well as the terrorism-specific policies and laws, governing humanitarian and development aid. It will further highlight the controversies caused by the clash of humanitarian principles and counter-terrorism policies. In some instances humanitarian aid and development aid differ in terms of the legal norms applicable; hence, this chapter will refer to ‘aid’ when both types are concerned but otherwise specify ‘humanitarian aid’ or ‘development aid’.
In addition, the moral and normative foundations of international humanitarian organizations – whose headquarters are predominantly based in the western world – implicitly or explicitly reflect a specific interpretation of humanitarianism (see Calhoun 2008 for a historical overview). It is this particular interpretation that influences the work methods and actions of international humanitarian organizations in such a way that it might create even more (difficult) ethical challenges, especially in particular cultural contexts, as we will argue in this chapter. Hence, this chapter discusses the ethical ramifications of the normative foundations and resulting behavior of a particular group of crisis managers (international humanitarian organizations) in a specific type of crisis (humanitarian emergencies) in certain cultural (non-Western) contexts.
the terrorism-specific policies and laws, governing humanitarian and development aid.
It will further highlight the controversies caused by the clash of humanitarian principles
and counter-terrorism policies. In some instances humanitarian aid and development aid
differ in terms of the legal norms applicable; hence, this chapter will refer to ‘aid’ when
both types are concerned but otherwise specify ‘humanitarian aid’ or ‘development aid’.
The database is accessible open access via: http://emergencymapping.org/database2.html
More than a decade ago, Kim Cameron formulated the 7 Laws of Identity aiming to guide the way from a patchwork of identity one-offs to a universal identity. A decade later, only first attempts to a universal identity are made, but the reality remains that the individual is composed of a patchwork of identities, usernames, passwords etc. The obstacle to a meta-identity is the enforcement of one standard in cyberspace, as the battle over single-log-on’s between Google and Facebook illustrates. Interestingly enough, the solution might be found not in the private but the public sector.