Article type: Research Article The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigmatic model for the development of virtual entrepreneurship education in the Post-Covid era at Razi University. This research was done with... more
Article type: Research Article The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigmatic model for the development of virtual entrepreneurship education in the Post-Covid era at Razi University. This research was done with qualitative research method. The study population of the research was the professors and students of the entrepreneurship department of Razi University of Kermanshah, who were selected purposefully and in accordance with the rule of theoretical data saturation. 22 people were selected as the research sample. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and open coding, central coding, and selective coding were used to analyze the data from the interview. By comparing and classifying similar codes, 72 concepts were extracted, and then by classifying similar concepts, 16 subcategories were identified including the central category. In order to develop virtual entrepreneurship education in the Post-Covid period according to the findings and extractive model of the research, it is necessary to improve technical and infrastructural factors and to develop the skills. In this regard, developing technical infrastructure by providing and allocating the necessary fund and budget and improving the skills of those involved by holding the educational courses are suggested.
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Article type: Research Article This research aimed to study the components of entrepreneurial attitude development in secondary high school students. The study was applicable in terms of purpose, quality-quantitative in terms of approach,... more
Article type: Research Article This research aimed to study the components of entrepreneurial attitude development in secondary high school students. The study was applicable in terms of purpose, quality-quantitative in terms of approach, and descriptive in terms of data collection. In the quality section, the studied population was the experts, planners and teachers of entrepreneurship, and they were selected by snowball sampling. The sampling process continued until data saturation was achieved. Data was collected through semi-structured interview and was analyzed using a three-step coding process of open, central and selective. In the quantitative section, the population was teachers of entrepreneurship in high schools in the regions of 1, 4, 5, 6 and 18 in Tehran in 2021. 250 teachers of entrepreneurship were selected based on voluntarily sampling and they completed the researcher's questionnaire. The data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and Amos 24. The results showed that the components of the development of the entrepreneurial attitude of high school students have a central phenomenon of developing cognitive, personality and entrepreneurial skills and seven categories of problem solving skill, positive attitude of teacher and student to entrepreneurship, imagination, inner motivation, entrepreneurial personality traits, career perspective of students and applied education of entrepreneurship. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that these categories can explain the cognitive, personality and entrepreneurial skills of students. Therefore, in order to develop the entrepreneurial attitude in high school students, it is necessary to pay attention to the categories related to cognitive, personality and entrepreneurial skills. In order to realize the development of students' entrepreneurial attitude, it is suggested that teachers strengthen and improve these categories in the process of teaching and learning.
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Article type: Research Article Given the rapid advancement of technology, businesses need to focus on producing valuable content for their customers. The experience of reputable brands in content marketing indicates a crucial and growing... more
Article type: Research Article Given the rapid advancement of technology, businesses need to focus on producing valuable content for their customers. The experience of reputable brands in content marketing indicates a crucial and growing approach in enhancing consumer awareness, interaction, and creating more value for customers in the realm of content marketing. Therefore, the aim of this research is to present a paradigmatic model of content marketing for electronic businesses based on the perspective of entrepreneurs. To achieve this goal, data was collected using the grounded theory method. The statistical population of the study included all entrepreneurs of electronic businesses, and a snowball sampling method was employed in which data saturation was reached by interviewing 15 experts. The data was then analyzed using three-step coding and MAXQDA software. Based on paradigmatic model, its elements includes studying the current state of business, creating content, distributing content, evaluating content marketing success, using the content creation and distribution techniques, using psychological attitude in contents marketing, business success, and influencing the costumers. In general, the use of new techniques of content production and distribution along with psychological attitude can improve content marketing for electronic businesses. Therefore, developing the users' skills in content production and distribution with a focus on improving psychological attitude in content marketing is suggested.
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Article type: Research Article The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the effective factors on teaching entrepreneurship to students for self-employment in Iraq. The approach governing the research... more
Article type: Research Article The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the effective factors on teaching entrepreneurship to students for self-employment in Iraq. The approach governing the research was mixed, in which the inductive content analysis method was used in the qualitative part and the survey method was used in the quantitative part. The population studied in both the qualitative and quantitative part of the research included managers, experts and professors of management and entrepreneurship in Iraqi universities, which was achieved by using the purposeful and snowball sampling method and with 22 in-depth interviews and data saturation in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part of the research, using a researcher-made questionnaire from the results of the qualitative part of the research, 110 experts in a targeted way were selected and the concepts and categories extracted from the qualitative stage were evaluated and prioritized among the interviewed elites and other related elites. The results of the qualitative part indicated that the priority of the categories showed that the category the strategies of government and the Ministry of Science regarding the development of entrepreneurship (GH) in the first rank and then the category of factors related to students (ST) in the second rank and factors related to society (SO) and factors related to teachers (TE) are in the third and fourth ranks of priority. Also, factors related to teaching tools and methods (TM) and factors related to universities (CA) were ranked next. Based on the results, in order to improve entrepreneurship education among Iraqi students, those involved in macro and micro levels including the government, society, universities, and the students must prepare the background of the improvement in entrepreneurship education. According to the results, the refining strategies, updating the tools and approaches of education, and improving the attitude of students and society are suggested.
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Article type: Research Article The new age is the age of competition for scarce resources and creative and talented employees. If organizations make the most of scarce resources and turn the new knowledge into new products and services in... more
Article type: Research Article The new age is the age of competition for scarce resources and creative and talented employees. If organizations make the most of scarce resources and turn the new knowledge into new products and services in the light of educated people, they will be successful in this field. Having access to these innovations requires paying attention to strategic entrepreneurship. Strategic entrepreneurship in organizations promotes new products and services and processes, improves growth and profitability, increases financial efficiency, creates wealth, and most importantly, creates and maintains competitive benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of strategic entrepreneurship on competitive advantage in knowledge-based companies in Bushehr. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection and the required data have been collected by distributing a questionnaire among 150 employees of knowledge-based companies active in Bushehr Science and Technology Park. To test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling has been used based on the partial least squares regression. The results show that the main hypothesis of the research and the three hypotheses (the effects of entrepreneurial culture and leadership, the use of creativity, and innovation and entrepreneurial mentality) were confirmed and hypothesis of positive and significant effect of strategic resources on competitive advantage was rejected. If the strategic entrepreneurship is followed up correctly, and culture improvement, entrepreneurial leadership, innovation and creativity and entrepreneurial mentality are persuaded by the organizations and companies' leaders, they can overtake their competitors. Therefore, pursuing the innovative and beneficial ideas with the aim of creating permanent competitive advantage is suggested in a long-term perspective.
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Article type: Research Article In the present research, with a combined method it has been tried in three basic steps to identify the effective factors on the development of entrepreneurship in the rural areas of Hashtroud city. In the... more
Article type: Research Article In the present research, with a combined method it has been tried in three basic steps to identify the effective factors on the development of entrepreneurship in the rural areas of Hashtroud city. In the first step, using semi-structured interviews, the effective factors in rural entrepreneurship of the target areas were identified based on experts' attitudes. In the second step, with a quantitative method, the mentioned factors were studied based on the head of the households' viewpoint in the studied villages. The results of this step showed that among the items used in the research, the items "the existence of appropriate technological infrastructure in the village (such as IT and ICT in the village)", "willingness to take calculated risks", "participation in decision making and implementing various activities in the village", "access to support services" and "financial support and legal incentives" have the greatest impact on the occurrence and development of rural entrepreneurship under Study. Also, among the studied components, the economic components play the most important role in the development of rural entrepreneurship in Hashtroud. In the third Step, the model of influential factors in the development of rural entrepreneurship in the study area was designed. The results showed that among the political and technological factors, the item "the existence of suitable technological infrastructure in the village (such as IT and ICT in the village)", among the individual factors, the item "willingness to take calculated risks", among the social factors, the item "participation in decision-making and implementing various activities in the village", among the Economic factors, the item "access to support services" and among the political and legal factors, the item "financial support and legal incentives" have the greatest impact on the emergence and development of rural entrepreneurship in Hashtroud. Based on the results, lending long term loans with low interest rate, granting leading people in entrepreneurship, and guaranteed purchase is suggested.
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Article type: Research Article Social entrepreneurship means innovative social value creation activities. Researchers have confirmed that this phenomenon leads to sustainable social and economic development. For the development of the... more
Article type: Research Article Social entrepreneurship means innovative social value creation activities. Researchers have confirmed that this phenomenon leads to sustainable social and economic development. For the development of the contextual nature of social entrepreneurship in any specific field, its specific processes and mechanisms must be known first. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question of how social entrepreneurship initiatives are formed in a developing country like Iran. For this purpose, a qualitative research method has been used in the way of Grounded theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 social entrepreneurs who have experienced the studied process. The analysis of the structure of values and interactions of social entrepreneurs with others from childhood to the moment of creating their social initiative led to the formation of the grounded theory. The pattern obtained from this research shows that the main category that leads to the creation of social entrepreneurial initiatives is the individual's tendency towards socially responsible activities, which makes the creation of social initiatives desirable. If such a person finds it possible to create a social initiative under the influence of mediating and special environmental conditions, they take special strategies that will result in the formation of a new social entrepreneurial initiative. Based on the study results, strengthening the individuals' social responsibility feelings through increased awareness is recommended.
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In recent years, the topic of entrepreneurship education has received a lot of attention. The main reason for this is that the increase in the number of entrepreneurs in the society reduces problems such as unemployment, poverty and... more
In recent years, the topic of entrepreneurship education has received a lot of attention. The main reason for this is that the increase in the number of entrepreneurs in the society reduces problems such as unemployment, poverty and improper distribution of wealth, and it also leads to the improvement of living standards and regional development. The aim of the current research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention with regard to the mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset. The statistical population of the present study includes the students in the entrepreneurship classes of the Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas branch in the fall of 1401, who were a total of 247 people, and among them, 150 people were selected as the statistical sample of the study using Cochran's formula. In the current research, the data collection tool was questionnaire. The data analysis of the present research was done using SPSS version 26 and Smart-PLS version 3 software at two descriptive and inferential levels. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that entrepreneurship education has an indirect and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention through the intermediary variable of entrepreneurial mindset, and entrepreneurship education indirectly explains 35% of the changes in the entrepreneurial intention variable. Moreover, the entrepreneurship education variable did not have a significant effect directly on entrepreneurial intention. The results of the study show that entrepreneurship education can pave the way for the development of entrepreneurial undertakings. The present study has practical recommendations for politicians and planners in this field.
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Article type: Research Article The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship profile on entrepreneurship intention considering the moderating role of university environment. This applied research is in... more
Article type: Research Article The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship profile on entrepreneurship intention considering the moderating role of university environment. This applied research is in correlational type in terms of method. The statistical population consisted of all 130 students of Entrepreneurship Department in the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. A sample of 95 people was selected using simple random sampling and Morgan table. The data gathering tool was questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was examined by two features of combined reliability and factor loading coefficients and was confirmed by using convergent and divergent validity. Partial least squares method in Smart PLS 3 software was used to investigate measurement and structural models as well as research hypothesis. The research findings did not confirm the moderating role of university environment toward the relationship between entrepreneurship profile and students' entrepreneurship intention but the relatively strong positive impact of the entrepreneurship profile on the students' entrepreneurship intention was confirmed. In other words, by strengthening the four variables of self-efficacy, risk-taking, innovation and sociability, which are considered as entrepreneurial profiles in this research, the entrepreneurial intention of the studied people can be increased. Also, the relationship between university environment and entrepreneurial intention was rejected; This means respondents believe that university environment does not play a role in creating entrepreneurial intention. According to the results, holding several and varied educational workshops in order to create an enchanting and stimulating environment and also inviting successful and top entrepreneurs as role models in teaching entrepreneurship is recommended.
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Article type: Research Article The purpose of this research is to use the qualitative paradigm and Strauss Grounded Theory (SGT) method to examine and analyze the barriers facing rural women entrepreneurs in Kermanshah province. To this... more
Article type: Research Article The purpose of this research is to use the qualitative paradigm and Strauss Grounded Theory (SGT) method to examine and analyze the barriers facing rural women entrepreneurs in Kermanshah province. To this end, 18 rural women entrepreneurs in Kermanshah province were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling methods; the sampling continued to reach the data saturation. The techniques used for data collection were indepth individual interviews and note-taking. According to the findings, causal conditions (lack of sufficient financial capital and savings, inability of risk-taking due to lack of financial resources, lack of access to primary resources, etc.), context conditions (inappropriate educational, managerial, social and communication-information structures), intervening conditions (political-legal barriers and supportive barriers), strategies used by the studied population (self-esteem decrease, abandoning the business, etc.), and consequences (lack of entrepreneurial atmosphere in the village, dependence on the household head) were the results of the following study. Moreover, the results showed that the rural women are facing different barriers in entrepreneurial undertakings and this has decreased their amount of entrepreneurial behaviors and undertakings and ultimately increased their dependency level on the household head in Kermanshah Province. Based on the results, offering proper facilities, holding educational classes, informing rural women's individual and social rights, and introducing supportive organizations to them are recommended.
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Article type: Research Article Undoubtedly, cinema can play a key role in teaching entrepreneurial qualities, especially in childhood and adolescence. For this purpose, the qualitative content analysis of selected movies in the genre of... more
Article type: Research Article Undoubtedly, cinema can play a key role in teaching entrepreneurial qualities, especially in childhood and adolescence. For this purpose, the qualitative content analysis of selected movies in the genre of children and teenagers was done in the years 1981-2022. The upcoming research is one of the descriptive-analytical (interpretive) researches. It is based on the qualitative research paradigm and directional content analysis technique is used. The content of the film script and dialogues of the actors were used as the unit of recording themes and meaningful sentences related to the topic were identified. The purposeful sampling method was used to select the films. Accordingly, one film from each decade and a total of 4 films were examined. In order to code the themes, measuring entrepreneurial personality traits Kurd-naij et al including the dimensions of achievement seeking, internal focus of control, risk-taking, ambiguity tolerance, intellectual fluency, fantasizing, pragmatism and challenge seeking are used as the main topics in the questionnaire. The findings of this research show that the share of concepts related to entrepreneurial personality traits in the 4 selected children and adolescent movies is nearly 20% and there is no significant difference between the selected films in the use of entrepreneurial concepts. There is also a significant difference between the shares of 8 entrepreneurial personality traits in the selected films. Among them, risk-taking feature with the number of 174 sentences has the largest share and pragmatism feature with 58 sentences has the least share in the selected children and adolescent movies in the last 4 decades. Due to the increase in the tendency of children and young people towards theatrical content, movies can be an important source for modeling roles and accepting entrepreneurial personality traits and thus promoting and teaching entrepreneurial skills. Based on the results, it is recommended to institutionalize the entrepreneurial culture through the development of movies with an entrepreneurial approach, especially in the genre of children and teenagers.
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Article type: Research Article Digital entrepreneurship is an emerging approach of innovation, so it is necessary to conduct more studies on this issue. For this purpose, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the... more
Article type: Research Article Digital entrepreneurship is an emerging approach of innovation, so it is necessary to conduct more studies on this issue. For this purpose, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the source of control and the intention of digital entrepreneurship with the moderating role of entrepreneurship education based on the theory of planned behavior. The statistical population of the current study consisted of all students of management, information technology and computer fields of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, of which 380 people were selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool in this research was questionnaires and the validity and reliability of these questionnaires were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. The data was analyzed using the partial least squares method and with the help of SmartPLS software. The findings of the research showed that the source of internal control has a positive and significant relationship with the attitudes and behavioral control of digital entrepreneurship but it does not have a significant relationship with relational mental norms. In addition, entrepreneurship education plays a positive moderating role in the relationships between source of control, planning and digital entrepreneurship intention. At the end of this research, it was suggested that the trainers should pay more attention to the attitude and perceived behaviors of the learners in entrepreneurship training and that these trainings should be related to the source of internal control and planning behaviors (attitude and perceived behaviors) of the learners.
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Article type: Research Article The development of home-based businesses among vulnerable people in the society psychologically and socially increases their mental and objective wellbeing and improves their living standards. It also... more
Article type: Research Article The development of home-based businesses among vulnerable people in the society psychologically and socially increases their mental and objective wellbeing and improves their living standards. It also increases trust and social capital and expands social relations among vulnerable people. Therefore, paying attention to vulnerable women's employment and entrepreneurship at home is one of the effective ways to improve the economic status of women in local communities. With this regard, the aim of the current research was to identify the solutions and barriers of women's home-based businesses in Hamadan city. This article has been done using the qualitative research method and the grounded theory approach. The main tool of data collection was in-depth and semistructured interviews. Data were collected through interviews with female heads of families and key informants in Hamadan city. The number of samples included 19 people who were selected purposefully with the snowball method and based on the principle of data saturation. The results showed that the obstacles to the development of home-based businesses for self-supporting women include psychological-family obstacles, cultural obstacles, financialsupport obstacles, educational obstacles, and marketing obstacles. Also, the main solutions including culture building and empowerment, financial support, advertising and marketing, and educational support were suggested.
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Article type: Research Article Branding in the field of services is one of the most important and widely used topics in marketing and market competition that can be used in schools (as service organizations). The present study was... more
Article type: Research Article Branding in the field of services is one of the most important and widely used topics in marketing and market competition that can be used in schools (as service organizations). The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and explaining a model for branding in schools with a mixed exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The study population included all principals and teachers of top schools in Isfahan city. In the qualitative part, 29 principals and teachers were interviewed with purposeful sampling until data saturation was achieved. The data were analyzed using the content analysis method. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was compiled based on the qualitative part, whose face and content validity were confirmed based on the opinion of experts, and its reliability was confirmed through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The sample size was estimated to be 205 people using Cochran's formula. The samples were selected using the simple random sampling method. Finally, using the structural equations model, for the purpose of branding the best schools, a model consisting of management and leadership components, manager's educational vision, human resources, teaching and learning environment, support, students, participation, resources and facilities, and center for activities was obtained. Using the obtained results, education managers can take steps to strengthen schools in identified areas.
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Article type: Research Article The purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the development of entrepreneurship education in the third generation universities. This research is applied in terms of purpose and... more
Article type: Research Article The purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the development of entrepreneurship education in the third generation universities. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach, which was conducted using the grounded theory method. The studied community included all experts in the field of the research. The samples were selected using the snowball and theoretical sampling methods. The stage of data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and theoretical saturation was achieved with the number of 19 people in this research. Data collection tools included open questionnaire, in-depth individual interview, and note taking. Validity was verified using the triangulation and member check techniques. The results obtained from the research data were extracted and classified in the form of concepts in the process of open, axial, and selective coding. The results showed that for the development of entrepreneurship education in third generation universities, the existence of a set of factors is necessary, the most important of which include causal conditions (such as entrepreneurial leadership, innovative strategy, improving the quality of entrepreneurship education, and human capital development), contextual conditions (such as factors related to entrepreneurial culture, flexible organizational structure, and development of a network relationships), intervening conditions (such as correct policy making and infrastructure development), actions (such as the development of economic and entrepreneurial activities, the development of education and research in the field of entrepreneurship, the development of communications and interactions, the development of cultural-social infrastructures and resources), and consequences (such as psychological consequences, educational-scientific consequences, economic consequences, and cultural-social consequences). Based on the results of the research, updating entrepreneurial training through the development of relationships among stakeholders is suggested.
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Article type: Research Article In the present study, the effect of digital technology support on entrepreneurial intention has been investigated according to the mediating role of the components of the theory of planned behavior. This... more
Article type: Research Article In the present study, the effect of digital technology support on entrepreneurial intention has been investigated according to the mediating role of the components of the theory of planned behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of approach, and descriptive-correlational in terms of type. The statistical population of the research included all students of the faculty of humanities of Imam Khomeini international university of Qazvin, 315 of whom were selected by random sampling. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire, and structural equation modeling and Smart PLS 3 software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the variables of educational support, relational support, and structural support have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Personal attitude had a mediating role between relational support and educational support with entrepreneurial intention, and perceived behavioral control also had a mediating role between structural support and educational support with entrepreneurial intention. The findings of the research show the important role of supporting students in the digitalization process in order to encourage them towards entrepreneurship. Therefore, policy makers, government planners, and educational institutions can benefit from the results of this research to come up with strategies and solutions to encourage entrepreneurship among students.
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Article type: Research Article The current research aimed to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial intention of women entrepreneurs with the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy perception and the... more
Article type: Research Article The current research aimed to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial intention of women entrepreneurs with the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy perception and the moderating role of Cinderella syndrome. This research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of approach, and descriptive-correlational in terms of type. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by using the opinion of experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population included all female students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (N= 7438). The size of the statistical sample was estimated to be 368 people based on the table of Krejcie and Morgan, and the samples were selected using the simple random sampling method. The data were analyzed in two parts, i.e., descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, and through SPSS23 and Smart PLS3 software. The research results confirmed the positive and significant effect of entrepreneurial passion on the perception of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the positive and significant effect of entrepreneurial passion and the perception of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. Also, the results confirmed the moderating role of Cinderella syndrome in the effect of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, the moderating role of Cinderella syndrome was rejected in the effect of entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. This research brings practical recommendations for policy makers and planners in the field of research.
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Article type: Research Article Considering the increasing development of knowledge-based companies and their importance in advancement of technological and economical goals, this research studies factors effecting the stability of these... more
Article type: Research Article Considering the increasing development of knowledge-based companies and their importance in advancement of technological and economical goals, this research studies factors effecting the stability of these companies. With this regard, this research initially determines the effect of strategic thinking as an independent variable on the survival of knowledge-based companies and then determines the effect of innovation as a moderating variable in this relationship. The statistical population included 106 managers of active and inactive knowledge-based companies in Markazi province. Using Cochran's formula, the required sample size was calculated 84 people who were selected using the stratified random method, according to the type of industry and whether the company was active or not. In the next step, the standard questionnaire was provided to company managers in order to measure the two variables of strategic thinking and types of innovation. After data collection, confirmatory factor analysis and validity and reliability checks of each of the research questionnaires were carried out in the environment of SPSS22 statistical analysis software and Amos23 structural equation software. Then, using the Cox semi-parametric regression model in the SPSS22 environment, it was determined that strategic thinking has a positive and significant effect on the survival of knowledge-based companies. Also, the positive moderating effect of product innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation on the effect of strategic thinking on the survival of companies was confirmed using the Cox hierarchical regression results, but the moderating effect of organizational innovation in this regard was not significant. This research brings practical recommendations for policy makers and planners in the field of research.
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Article type: Research Article The general purpose of this study was to identify the opportunities for setting up entrepreneurial service businesses in Masjed Soleyman Township. To achieve this goal, the qualitative paradigm and the... more
Article type: Research Article The general purpose of this study was to identify the opportunities for setting up entrepreneurial service businesses in Masjed Soleyman Township. To achieve this goal, the qualitative paradigm and the Delphi method were used. The community studied in this research included experienced entrepreneurs, specialists, pundits, and other experts in the fields of service entrepreneurship in Masjed Solyman Township, from which 21 were selected as members of the Delphi panel using the snowball sampling method. In this study, after three rounds of investigation, a consensus was reached regarding the opportunities for starting entrepreneurial businesses. The main research tool in the first round of the Delphi study was a questionnaire with open-ended questions and in the second and third rounds, a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. In the first round, the data were analyzed using the continuous comparison method. In the second round, data analysis was done by drawing the frequency distribution table (percentage and cumulative percentage) using SPSS software version 27. In the third round, data analysis was done by drawing the frequency distribution table (percentage and cumulative percentage) and calculating the percentage of agreement (CVI) and Kendall agreement coefficient. In addition, the mean and standard deviation were used to prioritize the types of opportunities for setting up entrepreneurial service businesses. According to the results, the most important opportunities for starting entrepreneurial service businesses in Masjed Soleyman Township include "packaging of livestock products such as curd and other similar products"; "packaging of various medicinal plants"; "cold storage of agricultural and food products"; "production, packaging, and distribution of local bread"; and "honey packaging". This study provides policymakers and planners with practical suggestions.
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Article type: Research Article Contrary to the standard approach of classical economics, many studies show that all people somewhat engage in wrongdoing and break the law in order to gain profit as long as their self-image is not... more
Article type: Research Article Contrary to the standard approach of classical economics, many studies show that all people somewhat engage in wrongdoing and break the law in order to gain profit as long as their self-image is not affected. The current study, which is a branch of this new psychological view on breaking the law, using two tests, identifies and examines the factors affecting the possibility of breaking the law among people. In the first test, the relationship between the amount of legal restrictions and the amount of participation in price manipulation was investigated on an international sample including 347 cryptocurrency traders. In the second test, the relationship between the probability of breaking the law in one field and the probability of breaking the law in another field was investigated on a sample of 189 entrepreneurs. According to the results of the current study, breaking the law in one field can make people more indifferent to all laws. In addition, the increase in legal restrictions can make people more indifferent to laws, which itself reduces the amount of attention to the law. Among other factors affecting the probability of breaking the law, one can refer to the person's understanding of the extent of breaking the law among others. The more someone estimates the amount of law-breaking by their peers in similar circumstances, the more they will break the law. This study provides policymakers and planners with practical suggestions.
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Article type: Research Article According to the literature, psychological factors play an important role in explaining entrepreneurial outcomes, but the impact of these factors on rural businesses has received less attention. The main... more
Article type: Research Article According to the literature, psychological factors play an important role in explaining entrepreneurial outcomes, but the impact of these factors on rural businesses has received less attention. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between two factors of psychological wellbeing, namely work burnout and engagement, and the performance of rural businesses in Nahavand county. The statistical population of this research consisted of all rural entrepreneurs in Nahavand county (N = 200), among whom 110 people were selected as the sample using a convenience sampling method. Research data were collected through a questionnaire, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data in SmartPLS 3.0 statistical software. The results indicated that work burnout was not directly related to business performance. However, indirectly, it has a negative relationship with business performance via work engagement. In other words, work burnout reduces entrepreneurs' work engagement, and the reduction in work engagement, in turn, leads to a decrease in the performance of rural businesses. This finding improves our understanding of how psychological factors influence entrepreneurial outcomes and suggests that entrepreneurs can increase their business performance by improving their work well-being.
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The aim of the current research is to study the feasibility of building a tourism complex with an emphasis on entrepreneurship development in the Shian Dam of Eslam Abad Gharb. This research is quantitative in terms of approach, applied... more
The aim of the current research is to study the feasibility of building a tourism complex with an emphasis on entrepreneurship development in the Shian Dam of Eslam Abad Gharb. This research is quantitative in terms of approach, applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of 1100 people including 500 tourists and 600 residents of Shian Castle village. The sampling method for the native community was simple random sampling and for tourists was accidental sampling. Based on Cochran's formula, 284 people were selected as the sample size. The results of the factor analysis showed that the development of tourism in Shian Dam from the feasibility point of view was categorized into 5 factors including "attraction", "satisfaction", "inclination", "information", and "services and infrastructure", and the factor "inclination" was identified as the most important indicator in tourism development from the feasibility viewpoint, in which the act of renting houses and villas to tourists in cities and villages has been prioritized. Furthermore, tourism variables in the entrepreneurship sector were categorized into four factors including "income", "employment", "land price", and "investment". The factor employment was identified as the most important factor, and investment to improve the quality of tourism services in order to attract more tourists had the highest priority. The results of the Spearman test showed that there is a significant relationship between the construction of a tourism complex and the development of employment and entrepreneurship. Also, the regression results show that the construction of a tourism complex leads to the development of employment and entrepreneurship in the region. This research provides policymakers and planners with practical suggestions.
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Article type: Research Article Various evidence indicates that the analysis of the experiences of rural entrepreneurs can lead to the formation of a fundamental attitude, the examination of the existing shortcomings and challenges, the... more
Article type: Research Article Various evidence indicates that the analysis of the experiences of rural entrepreneurs can lead to the formation of a fundamental attitude, the examination of the existing shortcomings and challenges, the correction of the limitations ahead, the development of the future path, and ultimately, the improvement of the productivity of small enterprises. Therefore, the current study was conducted using the descriptive phenomenology method and with the aim of identifying the challenges of developing agricultural and rural entrepreneurship in the central district of Jiroft County. In this research, the Colaizzi method is used to extract meanings and concepts. Direct observations and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The participants included leading entrepreneurs in the agricultural and rural areas of the central part of Jiroft County. Using purposeful snowball sampling, 10 participants were interviewed until reaching data saturation and the usefulness threshold of available information. Results revealed that the challenges of agricultural entrepreneurship development in rural areas were categorized into seven clusters: economic challenges, policy-making and programming, support, educational and communicative challenges, infrastructural challenges, cultural challenges, and personal-psychological challenges. Among them, the main challenges were a closed economy, centralized planning, international developments, instability in input prices and product sales, levying heavy taxes on businesses, shipping costs, lack of capital and liquidity, bank interest rate, and lack of trust in investment in the agricultural and rural sector. In the end, operational solutions were presented to control and adjust the challenges.
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Promotion of entrepreneurship fields as one of the most important factors of economic development has received more attention from various elements of society. One of the most important measures to develop entrepreneurship among young... more
Promotion of entrepreneurship fields as one of the most important factors of economic development has received more attention from various elements of society. One of the most important measures to develop entrepreneurship among young people is entrepreneurship education in universities. Therefore, this article is written with the aim of investigating and comparing the impact of entrepreneurship training provided by universities as well as the impact of the entrepreneurial and social identity of the students of the Technical and Vocational University on their entrepreneurial intention with regard to the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The measurement tool in this study was a questionnaire that, after verifying its validity and reliability, was given to all students of the Technical and Vocational University of Urmia who had passed the entrepreneurship course in their set of courses. The results of the statistical analysis of 276 questionnaires using SPSS23 and Smart PLS3 software and the structural equation analysis-partial least squares method indicated that the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of students has a mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial identity and entrepreneurial intention. However, entrepreneurial education has not been able to, directly or indirectly, have a meaningful relationship with the development of entrepreneurial intentions of students. To make entrepreneurship education more efficient, it is recommended that the Technical and Vocational University considers the connection between such education and individual characteristics, including the social identity of entrepreneurship in students.