Mechanical Engg.

Background: Population health is a primary goal of sustainable development. United Nations international conferences like the Beijing Platform for Action have highlighted the key role of women in ensuring sustainable development. In the context of climate change, women are affected the most while they display knowledge and skills to orient themselves toward climate adaptation activities within their societies. Objective: To investigate how the gender perspective is addressed as an issue in research and policymaking concerning climate change and global health. Methods: A broad literature search was undertaken using the databases Pubmed and Web of Science to explore the terms ‘climate change, ’ ‘health, ’ ‘gender, ’ and ‘policy. ’ Climate change and health-related policy documents of the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Communications and National Adaptation Programs of Action reports submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of selected countr...

A young female was admitted in medical emergency room with fever, tachycardia and breathing difficulty. A provisional diagnosis of septicemia was made and empirical antibiotics were started. The patient required intubation and assisted ventilation. The patient recovered within 72 hours completely except bilateral mid-dilated fixed pupils. Atropine was not administered in the hospital. All blood investigations and infection screening tests were negative. After detailed history, examination and discussions, atropine poisoning was suspected which could explain all the signs and symptoms of the patient. This highlights the examination of pupillary reflexes in emergency room and meticulous clinical examination.

This article explores the possibility of using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) as a method to decide near-optimal settings of a GMAW welding process. The problem was to choose the near-best values of three control variables (welding voltage, wire feed rate and welding speed) based on four quality responses (deposition efficiency, bead width, depth of penetration and reinforcement), inside a previous delimited experimental region. The search for the near-optimal was carried out step by step, with the GA predicting the next experiment based on the previous, and without the knowledge of the modeling equations between the inputs and outputs of the GMAW process. The GAs was able to locate near optimum conditions, with a relatively small number of experiments. However, the optimization by GA technique requires a good setting of its own parameters, such as population size, number of generations, etc. Otherwise, there is a risk of an insufficient sweeping of the search space The GMAW welding proce...

This paper details the application of ANN in hardfacing technique to determine the optimal process parameters for submerged arc welding (SAW). The planned experiments are conducted on the semiautomatic submerged arc welding machine. The relationships between process parameters (arc current, arc voltage, welding speed, electrode protrusion, and preheat temperature) and welding performance (deposition rate, hardness, and dilution) are established. A Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) optimization algorithm with a performance index is then applied to the neural network for searching the optimal process parameters. Experimental results have shown that welding performance can be enhanced by using this new approach

In the present research work, fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the laminar flow in a channel in the presence of five triangular prisms is numerically investigated The computations are performed for Reynolds number of 50 and 250 and blockage ratio (b) of 0.20, where blockage ratio is the ratio of prism base to channel height. Comparison is performed mainly for Reynolds no. 50 and 250. The Navier Stokes equations and the energy equation are solved by using SIMPLE Technique. For the computational domain, the unstructured quadrilateral mesh is used .The results show that in the presence of five triangular prisms, the average Nusselt number at Reynolds number 250 is 129.86% more than Average Nusselt number at Reynolds number 50 for same blockage ratio. The increase is due to the vortices formation which travels a long way in the downstream direction. Heat transfer enhancement for five triangular prisms at Reynolds number 250 is more with respect to plane channel as compared to the five triangular prism at Reynolds number 50 with respect to plane channel for same blockage ratio.

Increasing global demands for energy conservation and environmental protection led to the replacement of heavy components with lighter alloys. As magnesium alloys are believed to be unique candidates for lightweight applications and friction stir welding (FSW) is capable of joining magnesium alloys, in the current work, FSW joint of AZ61 Mg alloy has been fabricated. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated. The elongated grains of the base metal were recrystallized in the stir zone and in transition zone during friction stir welding. The formation of finer grains in the stir zone of the joint is responsible for increase the hardness of the stir zone. The microhardness of base metal is higher than that of thermo-mechanically affected zone but lower than that of stir zone. The tensile strength of the weld was about 82% of the as-received base metal. The joint failed in ductile mode. This ductile failure of joint was due to the uniform deformation of material.

In the current scenario, the light-weighting concept is the most important strategy to decrease fuel consumption as well as emissions of greenhouse gases. Magnesium alloys are attractive to various industries including transportation industry for their inherent light-weight. The friction stir welding is proficient to join magnesium alloys. In this article, a dissimilar friction stir welding butt joint between AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloys was fabricated, and microstructure and mechanical properties have been examined. The tool rotation speed of 1400 r/min and tool transverse feed rate of 25 mm/min was found quite suitable to fabricate a perfect joint of these dissimilar magnesium alloys. The stir zone was composed of fine and equiaxed grains and showed the highest microhardness value. In the advancing side, heat affected zone was composed of both equiaxed and elongated grains; however, in the retreating side, heat affected zone has relatively smooth grains. The tensile strength of the joint was about 138.37 ± 6.6 MPa. The efficiency of the joint was 51.25% with respect to AZ61 Mg alloy. The average impact toughness of friction stir welding joint was deteriorated by 16.67% and 28.5% with respect to base materials AZ31 and AZ61, respectively.

India is an emerging economy and has shown a great increase in the production of crops particularly after the green revolution. New kinds of seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and sowing techniques have helped a lot in meeting the needs of the country in terms of grains produced per hectare. Due to the rapid development, there is an increase in the overall pollution giving rise to greenhouse gases, and ultimately depleting the ozone layer along with the rise in the seawater level causing various problems. Air pollution is particularly increasing various respiratory diseases in small children, which is a major concern for society. Rice and wheat are the most popular cultivation in India, which produced stubble. However, wheat stubble can be used as fodder for the cattle, but rice stubble is avoided as it has high silica content. To reduce the ever-increasing pollution, the stubble removing machine (SRM) is designed and developed for fully controlling the pollution due to the burning of p...

A small, electrically powered pump A large, electrically driven pump (electropump) for waterworks near the Hengsteysee, Germany. A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids, gases or slurries. A pump displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. Pumps fall into three major groups: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. [1] Their names describe the method for moving a fluid. Types Positive displacement pumps A lobe pump A positive displacement pump causes a fluid to move by trapping a fixed amount of it then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. or A positive displacement pump has an expanding cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is constant given each cycle of operation. A positive displacement pump can be further classified according to the mechanism used to move the fluid: • Rotary-type, internal gear, screw, shuttle block, flexible vane or sliding vane, circumferential piston, helical twisted roots (e.g. the Wendelkolben pump) or liquid ring vacuum pumps.