د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا
Bismuth, 83 Bi Pronunciation / ˈ b ɪ z m ə θ / BIZ -məthAppearance lustrous brownish silver اټومي شمیره (Z ) 83 گروپ , پیریود group 15 (pnictogens) , period 6 بلاک p-block Element category post-transition metal معياري اټومي وزن (A r ) کينډۍ:Val [ ۱] Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 حالت (at STP ) جامد دويلې کيدو ټکى 544.7 K (271.5 °C, 520.7 °F) يشنا ټکی 1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F) Density near r.t. 9.78 g/cm3 when liquid, at m.p. 10.05 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 11.30 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 179 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.52 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
941
1041
1165
1325
1538
1835
Oxidation states 5, 4, 3 , 2, 1, −1, −2, −3 (a mildly acidic oxide)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.02 Ionization energies 1st: 703 kJ/mol 2nd: 1610 kJ/mol 3rd: 2466 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 156 pm Covalent radius 148±4 pm Van der Waals radius 207 pm Crystal structure rhombohedral [ ۲] Rhombohedral crystal structure for bismuth Speed of sound thin rod 1790 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) د تودوخې تېرېدنه 7.97 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity 1.29 µΩ·m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Magnetic susceptibility (χ mol ) −280.1·10−6 cm3 /mol[ ۳] Young's modulus 32 GPa Shear modulus 12 GPa Bulk modulus 31 GPa Poisson ratio 0.33 Mohs hardness 2.25 Brinell hardness 70–95 MPa CAS Number 7440-69-9 Discovery Claude François Geoffroy (1753)
| references | in Wikidata
بېسموت (په انگرېزي : Bismuth ) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Bi سمبول او ۸۳ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 .
↑ Cucka, P.; Barrett, C. S. (1962). "The crystal structure of Bi and of solid solutions of Pb, Sn, Sb and Te in Bi". Acta Crystallographica . 15 (9): 865. doi :10.1107/S0365110X62002297 .
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .
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