- New York, New York, United States
Steven Koonin
Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Civil Engineering, Faculty Member
We report on an eight-day campaign using a longwave hyperspectral imager in NYC to observe an 8km profile of the city along the west side of Manhattan Island, from One World Trade Center to Central Park. Images were taken at roughly... more
We report on an eight-day campaign using a longwave hyperspectral imager in NYC to observe an 8km profile of the city along the west side of Manhattan Island, from One World Trade Center to Central Park. Images were taken at roughly 3-minute intervals in 128 spectral bands from 7.4 to 13.2 microns. Results presented highlight the potential that spectroscopic imaging offers for studying both solid surface analysis and gaseous emissions in an urban landscape. The instrument we used in this experiment was originally designed for airborne applications, but has been adapted for ground-based measurements [3] and data presented here are the results of the first ground based, urban application of such an instrument. In the 8-day campaign carried out in April, 2015, we observed Manhattan's West Side in 128 spectral bands spanning 7.6 to 13.4 microns. We collected more than 15,500 data cubes at cadences from 10 seconds to 3 minutes, yielding detailed views in space, time, and composition. The analysis of those data cubes revealed the emission, transport, and dispersion of plumes of 10 different gaseous species, as well as allowed for the simultaneous thermal analysis (emissivity, surface temperatures, HVAC operations) of more than 400 buildings and other physical infrastructure.
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: JASON was asked by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy to assess the possibilities for using microorganisms to produce fuels as a metabolic product, in particular hydrogen or ethanol. We were... more
: JASON was asked by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy to assess the possibilities for using microorganisms to produce fuels as a metabolic product, in particular hydrogen or ethanol. We were asked to consider the prospects for achieving such biogenic fuel production in principle and in practice; and what the requirements and fundamental limitations are for achieving viability.
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The National Ignition Facility, the world's largest laser system, was dedicated at a ceremony on May 29, 2009 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These are the remarks by Steven Koonin, the undersecretary for science of the... more
The National Ignition Facility, the world's largest laser system, was dedicated at a ceremony on May 29, 2009 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These are the remarks by Steven Koonin, the undersecretary for science of the U.S. Department of Energy.
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We describe an “Urban Observatory” facility designed for the study of complex urban systems via persistent, synoptic, and granular imaging of dynamical processes in cities. An initial deployment of the facility has been demonstrated in... more
We describe an “Urban Observatory” facility designed for the study of complex urban systems via persistent, synoptic, and granular imaging of dynamical processes in cities. An initial deployment of the facility has been demonstrated in New York City and consists of a suite of imaging systems—both broadband and hyperspectral—sensitive to wavelengths from the visible (∼400 nm) to the infrared (∼13 micron) operating at cadences of ∼0.01–30 Hz (characteristically ∼0.1 Hz). Much like an astronomical survey, the facility generates a large imaging catalog from which we have extracted observables (e.g., time-dependent brightnesses, spectra, temperatures, chemical species, etc.), collecting them in a parallel source catalog. We have demonstrated that, in addition to the urban science of cities as systems, these data are applicable to a myriad of domain-specific scientific inquiries related to urban functioning including energy consumption and end use, environmental impacts of cities, and pat...
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Ensuring adequate energy supplies in an environmentally acceptable manner is one of the most significant challenges facing society in the coming decades. I will discuss some of the technical, economic, and social considerations defining... more
Ensuring adequate energy supplies in an environmentally acceptable manner is one of the most significant challenges facing society in the coming decades. I will discuss some of the technical, economic, and social considerations defining this challenge and offer some thoughts on possible solutions and likely energy futures.
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▪ We review results obtained using Shell-Model Monte Carlo (SMMC) techniques. These methods reduce the imaginary-time many-body evolution operator to a coherent superposition of one-body evolutions in fluctuating one-body fields; the... more
▪ We review results obtained using Shell-Model Monte Carlo (SMMC) techniques. These methods reduce the imaginary-time many-body evolution operator to a coherent superposition of one-body evolutions in fluctuating one-body fields; the resultant path integral is evaluated stochastically. After a brief review of the methods, we discuss a variety of nuclear-physics applications. These include studies of the ground-state properties of pf-shell nuclei, Gamow-Teller strength distributions, thermal and rotational pairing properties of nuclei near N = Z, γ-soft nuclei, and ββ-decay in 76Ge. Several other illustrative calculations are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss prospects for further progress in SMMC and related calculations.
Research Interests: Physics and Path Integral
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We study the response function of nuclear matter using Brueckner-Goldstone perturbation theory through two hole-lines. In the quasielastic region accessible to present experiments, we find that the approach to y-scaling with increasing... more
We study the response function of nuclear matter using Brueckner-Goldstone perturbation theory through two hole-lines. In the quasielastic region accessible to present experiments, we find that the approach to y-scaling with increasing momentum transfer differs significantly from that of the commonly assumed Fermi gas with no final state interactions and is in reasonable accord with the data.
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Cities are now home to more than 50% of the world's population and emit large quantities of pollutants from sources such as fossil fuel combustion and the leakage of refrigerants. We demonstrate the utility of persistent synoptic... more
Cities are now home to more than 50% of the world's population and emit large quantities of pollutants from sources such as fossil fuel combustion and the leakage of refrigerants. We demonstrate the utility of persistent synoptic longwave hyperspectral imaging to study the ongoing leakage of refrigerant gases in New York City, compounds that either deplete the stratosphere ozone or have significant global warming potential. In contrast to current monitoring programs that are based on country-level reporting or aggregate measures of emissions, we present the identification of gaseous plumes with high spatial and temporal granularity in real-time over the skyline of Manhattan. The reported data highlights the emission of chemicals scheduled for phase-out. Our goal is to contribute to better understanding of the composition, sources, concentration, prevalence and patterns of emissions for the purposes of both research and policy.
... region. For this reason, we present a hybrid Rmatrix optical model method for extracting the low energy cross section from existing experimental data 2). The threshold for 1zC+a lies 7.162 MeV above the 0+ 160 ground state. ...
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A previous analysis of the 12C(alpha, gamma)16O reaction is corrected and improved. The E1 capture is treated in a hybrid R-matrix analysis while a microscopically founded potential model is used to describe the E2 radiation. We calculate... more
A previous analysis of the 12C(alpha, gamma)16O reaction is corrected and improved. The E1 capture is treated in a hybrid R-matrix analysis while a microscopically founded potential model is used to describe the E2 radiation. We calculate capture cross sections to both the 16O ground and 6.92 MeV excited states and show the latter to be astrophysically unimportant. Fits to data from Caltech and Münster show that E2 capture is significant (20-35%) at astrophysical energies and give S-factors at Ec.m. = 300 keV of 0.23 MeV . b and 0.35 MeV . b, respectively. These values are significantly greater than the currently accepted value.
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... Jaffe Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California 94035 ... conditions, with use of wave functions specifically designed for ac-curate calculations of ... probing of the nonlinear... more
... Jaffe Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California 94035 ... conditions, with use of wave functions specifically designed for ac-curate calculations of ... probing of the nonlinear response of atoms and molecules to intense radiation ...
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Research Interests: Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Science, Developmental Biology, and 15 moreClimate Change, Computational Biology, Biotechnology, Cancer, Biology, Cell Cycle, Ecology, Drug Discovery, Evolution, Astrophysics, Functional Genomics, Astronomy, DNA, Cell Signalling, and Earth Science
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Since December 1998, photometric observations of the bright and dark side of the Moon have been regularly carried out at Big Bear Solar Observatory, with the aim of determining a precise and absolutely calibrated global albedo of the... more
Since December 1998, photometric observations of the bright and dark side of the Moon have been regularly carried out at Big Bear Solar Observatory, with the aim of determining a precise and absolutely calibrated global albedo of the Earth. The up-to-date synoptic, seasonal and long term variation in the Earth's albedo are reported in this paper, toghether with comparison with
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The ratio of bound-state to continuum beta-decay of the potential cosmochronometer Re-187 using Dirac wavefunctions in a Thomas-Fermi atomic potential, including exchange corrections is calculated. A bound-state decay of not greater than... more
The ratio of bound-state to continuum beta-decay of the potential cosmochronometer Re-187 using Dirac wavefunctions in a Thomas-Fermi atomic potential, including exchange corrections is calculated. A bound-state decay of not greater than about 7 percent is found for the neutral atom. This differs from a previous calculation using hydrogenic wavefunctions (58 percent), and from a comparison of published laboratory and
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... j ' irIT Loo ' ti of I JASON ___..._._.. The MITRE Corporation Dtstrl bet lvi/ ... 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND AODRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION The MITRE Corporation JASON Program Office AlO0JR9-1... more
... j ' irIT Loo ' ti of I JASON ___..._._.. The MITRE Corporation Dtstrl bet lvi/ ... 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND AODRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION The MITRE Corporation JASON Program Office AlO0JR9-1 7525 Colshire Drive JR1-1 ...
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Time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory of charge exchange: Application to He 2+ + He. KC Kulander Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550. KR ...
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We develop a shell-model Monte Carlo (SMMC) method to calculate densities of states with varying exciton (particle-hole) number. We then apply this method to the doubly closed-shell nucleus 40Ca in a full 0s-1d-0f-1p shell-model space and... more
We develop a shell-model Monte Carlo (SMMC) method to calculate densities of states with varying exciton (particle-hole) number. We then apply this method to the doubly closed-shell nucleus 40Ca in a full 0s-1d-0f-1p shell-model space and compare our results to those found using approximate analytic expressions for the partial densities. We find that the effective one-body level density is reduced by approximately 22% when a residual two-body interaction is included in the shell model calculation.
The continuous spectrum of photons accompanying the allowed electron-capture transition from 54Mn to the first excited state in 54Cr, as well as that from 51Cr to the first excited state in 51V have been measured in coincidence with the... more
The continuous spectrum of photons accompanying the allowed electron-capture transition from 54Mn to the first excited state in 54Cr, as well as that from 51Cr to the first excited state in 51V have been measured in coincidence with the nuclear gamma rays from the deexcitation of these states. The end-point energy of the spectrum from 54Mn was determined to be 518 +/- 8 keV, which is somewhat at variance with the value 537 +/- 4 keV calculated from accepted mass differences. The probability of radiative capture relative to ordinary nonradiative capture was determined to be (15.4 +/- 0.8) × 10-5 for 54Mn in the energy range 82-515 keV. This is considerably larger than the value 10.9 × 10-5 predicted by the relativistic theory of Martin and Glauber. The shape of the photon spectrum is nevertheless in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. For 51Cr the end point was determined to be 424 +/- 16 keV in excellent agreement with accepted mass differences. The relative rate of radiative capture with a photon energy greater than 130 keV was determined to be (7.2 +/- 0.4) × 10-5, in disagreement with the theoretical value of 5.5 × 10-5, while the spectrum shape agrees excellently with the theory. A survey of the experimental verification of the Martin and Glauber theory is presented.
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