Wang, 2011 - Google Patents

Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine at poly (pyrocatechol violet)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film …

Wang, 2011

Document ID: 4289788251222419378
Author: Wang Y
Publication year: 2011
Publication venue: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

External Links

Cited by

Snippet

A sensitive and selective electrochemical method was developed for simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HX) based on a poly (pyrocatechol violet)/carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film …

Continue reading at www.sciencedirect.com (other versions)

FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypoxanthine data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='300px' height='300px' viewBox='0 0 300 300'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='300.0' height='300.0' x='0.0' y='0.0'> </rect>
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 226.1,226.8 L 219.4,203.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 219.4,203.7 L 212.7,180.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 211.8,231.0 L 205.1,207.8' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 205.1,207.8 L 198.5,184.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 205.6,182.7 L 220.8,166.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 220.8,166.9 L 236.0,151.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-6 atom-1' d='M 133.6,164.9 L 205.6,182.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 249.8,104.2 L 243.1,81.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 243.1,81.1 L 236.4,57.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 236.4,57.9 L 213.0,52.2' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 213.0,52.2 L 189.6,46.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 225.8,70.6 L 209.4,66.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 209.4,66.6 L 193.0,62.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 143.4,62.0 L 128.2,77.8' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 128.2,77.8 L 113.0,93.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 113.0,93.6 L 133.6,164.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 130.3,100.2 L 144.7,150.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-5' d='M 64.4,92.0 L 88.7,92.8' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-5' d='M 88.7,92.8 L 113.0,93.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 133.6,164.9 L 114.4,177.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 114.4,177.9 L 95.2,190.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 49.7,189.0 L 31.7,175.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 31.7,175.0 L 13.6,160.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 13.6,160.9 L 20.7,141.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 20.7,141.4 L 27.8,121.8' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 29.7,160.1 L 34.7,146.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 34.7,146.4 L 39.6,132.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:2.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<text x='217.3' y='268.7' class='atom-0' style='font-size:29px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >O</text>
<text x='248.1' y='144.0' class='atom-2' style='font-size:29px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='268.6' y='144.0' class='atom-2' style='font-size:29px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >H</text>
<text x='155.5' y='55.0' class='atom-4' style='font-size:29px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='63.3' y='221.3' class='atom-7' style='font-size:29px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='63.3' y='247.4' class='atom-7' style='font-size:29px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >H</text>
<text x='30.0' y='106.0' class='atom-9' style='font-size:29px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
</svg>
 data:image/svg+xml;base64,<?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
<svg version='1.1' baseProfile='full'
              xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'
                      xmlns:rdkit='http://www.rdkit.org/xml'
                      xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
                  xml:space='preserve'
width='85px' height='85px' viewBox='0 0 85 85'>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<rect style='opacity:1.0;fill:#FFFFFF;stroke:none' width='85.0' height='85.0' x='0.0' y='0.0'> </rect>
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 64.7,67.8 L 62.2,59.2' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 62.2,59.2 L 59.8,50.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 60.7,69.0 L 58.2,60.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#E84235;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-0 atom-0 atom-1' d='M 58.2,60.4 L 55.7,51.8' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 57.7,51.3 L 63.5,45.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-1 atom-1 atom-2' d='M 63.5,45.3 L 69.3,39.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-9 atom-6 atom-1' d='M 37.3,46.2 L 57.7,51.3' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 71.4,33.1 L 69.0,24.5' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-2 atom-2 atom-3' d='M 69.0,24.5 L 66.5,15.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 66.5,15.9 L 57.8,13.8' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 57.8,13.8 L 49.1,11.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 62.9,19.4 L 56.8,17.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-3 atom-3 atom-4' d='M 56.8,17.9 L 50.7,16.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 43.0,14.0 L 37.3,20.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-4 atom-4 atom-5' d='M 37.3,20.0 L 31.5,26.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 31.5,26.0 L 37.3,46.2' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-5 atom-5 atom-6' d='M 36.4,27.9 L 40.5,42.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-5' d='M 13.6,25.4 L 22.5,25.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-10 atom-9 atom-5' d='M 22.5,25.7 L 31.5,26.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 37.3,46.2 L 30.2,51.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-6 atom-6 atom-7' d='M 30.2,51.1 L 23.0,55.9' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 16.9,55.6 L 10.1,50.4' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-7 atom-7 atom-8' d='M 10.1,50.4 L 3.4,45.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 3.4,45.1 L 6.1,37.6' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 6.1,37.6 L 8.8,30.1' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 8.1,44.3 L 10.0,39.0' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#3B4143;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<path class='bond-8 atom-8 atom-9' d='M 10.0,39.0 L 11.9,33.7' style='fill:none;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:#4284F4;stroke-width:1.0px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1' />
<text x='61.1' y='75.6' class='atom-0' style='font-size:8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#E84235' >O</text>
<text x='69.8' y='40.3' class='atom-2' style='font-size:8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='75.6' y='40.3' class='atom-2' style='font-size:8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >H</text>
<text x='43.6' y='15.1' class='atom-4' style='font-size:8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='17.4' y='62.2' class='atom-7' style='font-size:8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
<text x='17.4' y='69.6' class='atom-7' style='font-size:8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >H</text>
<text x='8.0' y='29.5' class='atom-9' style='font-size:8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:sans-serif;text-anchor:start;fill:#4284F4' >N</text>
</svg>
 O=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 0 title abstract description 221

Classifications

- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes electrical and mechanical details of in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes electrical and mechanical details of in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3276—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction being a hybridisation with immobilised receptors
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes electrical and mechanical details of in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3277—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction being a redox reaction, e.g. detection by cyclic voltammetry
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/333—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups
- G01N33/48—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/42—Measuring disposition or liberation of materials from an electrolyte; Coulometry, i.e. measuring coulomb-equivalent of material in an electrolyte
- G01N27/423—Coulometry
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/48—Polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or micro-organisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
- C12Q1/006—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/27—Association of two or more measuring systems or cells, each measuring a different parameter, where the measurement results may be either used independently, the systems or cells being physically associated, or combined to produce a value for a further parameter, e.g. electrochemical electrode arrays
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating the impedance of the material
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or micro-organisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
- C12Q1/004—Enzyme electrodes mediator-assisted
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or micro-organisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or micro-organisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6816—Hybridisation assays characterised by the means of detection
- C12Q1/6825—Nucleic acid detection involving sensors

Publication	Publication Date	Title
Wang	2011	Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine at poly (pyrocatechol violet)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified electrode
Wang et al.	2010	Electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine based on poly (bromocresol purple) modified glassy carbon electrode
Wang et al.	2013	Simultaneous electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid using poly (tyrosine)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified electrode
Kor et al.	2016	Development and characterization of an electrochemical sensor for furosemide detection based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer
Lin et al.	2008	Simultaneous determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid at poly (Evans Blue) modified glassy carbon electrode
Zhang et al.	2009	Simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid using poly (acid chrome blue K) modified glassy carbon electrode
Lin et al.	2007	Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid at a poly (p-nitrobenzenazo resorcinol) modified glassy carbon electrode
Özcan et al.	2017	Development of a disposable and low-cost electrochemical sensor for dopamine detection based on poly (pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid)-modified electrochemically over-oxidized pencil graphite electrode
Aguilar et al.	2004	Capability of a carbon–polyvinylchloride composite electrode for the detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid
Ensafi et al.	2009	A differential pulse voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid using poly (3-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylazo)-4, 5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2, 7-disulfonic acid) film modified glassy carbon electrode
Ojani et al.	2013	A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine based on poly (l-methionine) modified glassy carbon electrode
Liu et al.	2012	Electrochemical sensor for the determination of brucine in human serum based on molecularly imprinted poly-o-phenylenediamine/SWNTs composite film
Kan et al.	2012	Imprinted electrochemical sensor for dopamine recognition and determination based on a carbon nanotube/polypyrrole film
Ensafi et al.	2010	Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, epinephrine, and uric acid by differential pulse voltammetry using poly (p-xylenolsulfonephthalein) modified glassy carbon electrode
Wang et al.	2011	Au-nanoclusters incorporated 3-amino-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole film modified electrode for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and nitrite
Soylemez et al.	2015	Electrochemical and optical properties of a conducting polymer and its use in a novel biosensor for the detection of cholesterol
Vostiar et al.	2002	Amperometric urea biosensor based on urease and electropolymerized toluidine blue dye as a pH-sensitive redox probe
Li et al.	2012	Electropolymerized molecular imprinting on gold nanoparticle-carbon nanotube modified electrode for electrochemical detection of triazophos
Gupta et al.	2013	Flow injection analysis of cholesterol using FFT admittance voltammetric biosensor based on MWCNT–ZnO nanoparticles
Haghighi et al.	2013	Direct electron transfer from glucose oxidase immobilized on an overoxidized polypyrrole film decorated with Au nanoparticles
Wang et al.	2013	A simple but highly sensitive and selective calixarene-based voltammetric sensor for serotonin
Özcan et al.	2015	Poly (pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid)-modified pencil graphite electrode for the determination of serotonin in biological samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry
Ouyang et al.	2015	Simultaneous determination of uric acid, dopamine and ascorbic acid based on poly (bromocresol green) modified glassy carbon electrode
Lan et al.	2015	Electrochemical synthesis of a novel purine-based polymer and its use for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine
Karimi et al.	2019	A graphene based–biomimetic molecularly imprinted polyaniline sensor for ultrasensitive detection of human cardiac troponin T (cTnT)

Wang, 2011 - Google Patents

External Links

Snippet

Classifications

Similar Documents