ZA200104380B - Improvements in or relating to pipes. - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to pipes. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200104380B ZA200104380B ZA200104380A ZA200104380A ZA200104380B ZA 200104380 B ZA200104380 B ZA 200104380B ZA 200104380 A ZA200104380 A ZA 200104380A ZA 200104380 A ZA200104380 A ZA 200104380A ZA 200104380 B ZA200104380 B ZA 200104380B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- plastic concrete
- pipe
- outer laminates
- laminates
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009787 hand lay-up Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002986 polymer concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/84—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Improvements in or Relating to Pipes
This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to pipes and a method of manufacturing same, particularly but not exclusively to corrosion resistant pipes adapted for use with liquids having high chemical concentrations or of a corrosive nature, or in cases where the liquid in the pipes should not be contaminated, such as a pipe conveying potable water. The invention may also be suitable for use in ground having a corrosive nature.
According to the present invention there is provided a pipe comprising a plurality of material layers, a core layer being formed of a composite material formed by a coalescence of materials, including an aggregate of materials providing strength and rigidity and a bonding agent, (hereinafter referred to as plastic concrete), and outer layers on respective sides of the core layer, each of the outer layers being formed of a plastics material.
The present invention further provides a method of manufacturing a . pipe, the method comprising forming a pair of material lavers from a plastics material, positioning the material layers in a spaced apart relation, and forming a core layer between the preformed material layers.
The core laver may be formed of plastic concrete and may be introduced in a flowable state between the preformed material layers to be moulded therein. The preformed material layers provide formwork for the moulding.
The preformed material layers are moulded and are retained in their moulds to provide the formwork for moulding of the core layer.
The plastic concrete may be adjusted so as to commence curing within a short time of being introduced between the preformed material layers, whereby lower layers of the plastic concrete cure when further layers of the plastic concrete are introduced.
The present invention also provides a mould assembly for moulding a pipe, the assembly comprising a plurality of moulds formed of polymer concrete.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which is a diagrammatic section through a mould assembly for producing a pipe.
A pipe, for use as a sewage pipe, is formed by producing a sandwich construction in the form of two preformed laminates on respective sides of a core material. The laminates may each be formed from a synthetic resin and the core may be a composite material formed from plastic concrete which provides the required stiffness and strength for the structure. The bonding agent is a thermosetting resin, for example polyester, epoxy, acrylic, vinylester, polyurethane or phenolic, or can be a thermoplastic resin, for example polyvinylchloride, polypropylene or polyurethane. The aggregate can be an inorganic material, for example any of silica sand, silica powder, calcium powder, gravel, stone chippings, ceramic powder or ceramic chippings, or any combination thereof. To provide further strength, other types of reinforcement can be included in the plastic concrete, such as glass, metal or plastic fibres. By using a synthetic resin in forming the laminates and the core, the bond between the laminates and the core can be improved and the core becomes more of an integral part of the laminates.
Referring to the drawing, the two preformed laminates are in the form of reinforced plastic pipes or tubes 10, 12, formed by filament winding a pipe, by hand lay up, or by forming a sheet which is then rolled and bonded to form a : tube. A mould assembly is provided which comprises a base ring mould 14 and a top ring mould 16. The inner tube 10 locates in the mould assembly to extend between the base ring mould 14 and the top ring mould 16. The outer tube 12 also extends between the moulds 14, 16, locating in respective slots in the ring moulds. A cone 18 locates above the mould 16 and assists in guiding the plastic concrete when it is poured into the annular space between the tubes 10, 1”. The cone 18 also centrally locates the inner tube 10. After completion of the casting of the plastic concrete, as hereinafter described, the cone 18 is by WO 00/35664 PCT/GB99/04170 removed and a mould 20 is fitted, further plastic concrete then being poured into the gap between the pipe 10 and the mould 20 to form the top spigot of the pipe. All of the moulds 14, 16, 18 and 20 are held together by tie bars.
The moulds 14, 16, 18 and 20 are cast in polymer concrete so as to reduce costs. From one machined mould there can be cast numerous polymer concrete moulds so that the unit cost is lower and the polymer concrete moulds can be produced on site.
By adjusting the thickness and type of materials used in the inner and outer tubes 10, 12, the finished pipe can be designed to have different properties. In pressure pipes, the inner tube 10 can be designed to be strong enough to take all the pressure, the plastic concrete and the outer tube 12 providing stiffness and structural integrity. In pipes used to convey potable : water, the inner tube could be made from materials which are non-toxic, such as epoxy, which would not contaminate the water in the pipe. - The ability to adjust the thickness has the advantage that it cnables substantially different types of pipe to be produced. For example, the following pipes can be produced: pressure pipes; gravity pipes for carrying potable water, sea water, contaminated water; or pipes for carrying chemicals or acids. Where the pipe is to be buried, the ability to adjust the thickness means that the thickness of the outer laver can be increased to make the pipe able to withstand greater loads without increasing the overall diameter of the pipe. It has also bee found that by slightly adjusting the thickness of the two layers, the pipe strength can be adjusted.
By adjusting the mixture of the plastic concrete, the latter can start to cure within a few minutes of being poured. By also adjusting the volume of plastic concrete being poured and maintaining a constant vibration to ensure that the plastic concrete is consolidated and air pockets are removed, it is possible to cast pipes over 6 metres in length without providing any support to either of the inner or outer tubes 10, 12. Support is not required because the head of liquid plastic concrete changes as the lower layers of the plastic concrete cure. This also means that the thickness of the inner and outer tubes 10, 12, can be reduced to save costs. When using a pipe as a jacking pipe, the length is not important, being restricted to the size of the shaft and the machine. However when a pipe is used for conventional open trench laying, longer pipe lengths are preferred, reducing the number of joints and speeding up installation. The time to lay any length of pipe is basically the same, and as the weakest point of any pipe is the joint, the more joints there are, the more there are potential problems.
It is also possible for a pigment to be added to one or both of the inner and outer tubes 10, 12. The pipes produced can be colour coded so that, for example, pipes for potable water are coloured blue, pipes for sewage are coloured black, and pipes for effluent are coloured green. In effect, this would enable pipes to be coloured to conform to the international pipe identification standards.
Pipes can be produced by the method described herein to meet the following standards, namely: ASTM D3262 fibreglass (glass-fibre-reinforced- . thermosetting-resin) sewer pipes; ASTM D3754 fibreglass (glass-fibre- reinforced-thermosetting-resin) sewer and industrial pipes; ASTM D3317 fibreglass (glass-fibre-reinforced-thermosetting-resin) pressure pipes. These standards were introduced for pipes produced by spinning. However, pipes produced by the above described method have high strength but are produced at reduced cost.
With previous methods of constructing pipes using plastic concrete, a pipe has required to have a large cross-section to be strong enough, thereby increasing the weight of the pipe. Although this does not cause a particular problem when the pipe is to be used as a micro tunnelling pipe, the weight of the pipe is important with conventional open trench applications. In many cases a crane cannot be positioned alongside where the pipe is to be laid and this means that in order to lift the pipe the crane would need to have its jib extended, which reduces its load carrying capabilities. Also with previous methods an inner liner has had to be strong enough to resist buckling loads
4 WO 00/35664 PCT/GB99/04170
S caused by the head of the plastic concrete when being poured. This increased cost and the liner cost often became as much as 75% of the cost of the finished pipe. Where a thick liner is used, pipe length is restricted, unless there is provided an internal support shutter which is difficult to manufacture and remove without damaging the inner liner. If a collapsible mandrel is used, this makes the mould cost prohibitive, and it is difficult to make a collapsible mandrel over 3 metres.
Further, if the plastic concrete was to be completed in stages, problems arise in achieving a suitable bond between the layers of plastic concrete. As the latter would be poured from the top, it would adhere to the liners and cure, so restricting the flow when the next batch of plastic concrete is poured. Also air pockets would be caused in the plastic concrete as the uncured plastic concrete would form around the previously cured material.
In addition, previous pipe mould assemblies have used metal shutters which are expensive to manufacture and are restricted in length, making it necessary to join segments together. Such joints make the overall shutter very heavy and often difficult to produce. An outer abrasive resistance surface for the pipe has to be applied to the inner face of the shutter by hand, which takes time, and the lining has to cure before the shutter mould can be assembled to the other moulds. Due to the weight of the shutter and its height, an overhead crane is required and it takes time to assembly and disassemble the shutter.
Also previously, ring moulds have been machined out of steel and were therefore expensive and heavy, increasing cost.
A pipe which is manufactured as hereinbefore described, using the mould assembly of the drawing, can be easily produced on site and meets the following requirements:- lightweight but strong; low cost; corrosion resistant; easy to install; and available in large volumes. Large pipe projects stretch for many miles and transportation of pipe can be a big cost, particularly if the pipes have to be imported. To produce a pipe as hereinbefore described requires very little capital investment and no major infrastructure, only a covered area with a flat concrete floor. On completion, equipment can be removed to another site.
Various modifications may be made without departing from the invention.
Claims (16)
1. A method of manufacturing a pipe comprising: providing a mould assembly comprising a top ring mould and a base ring mould; providing inner and outer preformed laminates in the form of tubes of a plastics materials; locating the inner and outer laminates in the mould assembly such that the inner and outer laminates extend between the top and base ring moulds to define an annular space between the inner and outer laminates; introducing a plastic concrete material in a flowable state into the annular space between the inner and outer laminates; and allowing the plastic concrete to cure to form a core layer, thereby forming a laminated pipe comprising the inner and outer laminates and said core layer between said inner and outer laminates.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the inner and outer laminates are formed by filament winding, by hand lay up, or by forming a sheet which is then rolled and bonded to form a tube.
3. A method according to claims 1 or 2 wherein the plastic concrete is adjusted so as to commence curing within a short time of being introduced between the performed layers, whereby lower layers of the plastic concrete cure when further layers of the plastic concrete are introduced.
4. A method according to claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the inner and outer laminates are formed from synthetic resin.
5. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the core layer includes a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.
6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the thermosetting resin is one or AMENDED SHEET
PCT/GB99/04170 more of a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a vinylester resin and a polyethane resin.
7. A method according to claim 5 wherein the thermoplastic resin is one or more of a polyvinylchloride resin, a polypropylene resin and a polyurethane resin.
8. A method according to any of claims 5 to 7 wherein the plastic concrete further includes a reinforcement.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the reinforcement is an inorganic material.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the inorganic material is one or more of silica sand, silica powder, calcium powder, gravel, stone chippings, ceramic powder and ceramic chippings.
11. A method according to any of claims 7 to 10 wherein the core layer includes further reinforcement.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the further reinforcement includes one or more of glass, metal and plastic fibres.
13. A method according to any preceding claim including arranging a third moulding member on the inner and outer laminates, to guide the plastic concrete into the space between the inner and outer laminates, and introducing a plastics concrete between the inner and outer laminates via the third moulding member.
14. A method according to claim 13 including removing the third moulding member, and providing a fourth moulding member on the top ring mould, and AMENDED SHEET
PCT/GB99/04170 introducing further plastic concrete into the gap between the inner tube and the fourth moulding member.
15. A method according to claim 1, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
16. A new method of manufacturing a pipe, substantially as herein described. AMENDED SHEET
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9827308.9A GB9827308D0 (en) | 1998-12-12 | 1998-12-12 | Improvements in or relating to pipes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200104380B true ZA200104380B (en) | 2002-01-28 |
Family
ID=10844050
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200104380A ZA200104380B (en) | 1998-12-12 | 2001-05-28 | Improvements in or relating to pipes. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1135247A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010101181A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1577900A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9916157A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9827308D0 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY127955A (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200101640T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000035664A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200104380B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10337479A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2005-03-10 | Gabler Gmbh Maschbau | Piston rod, cylinder unit with such a piston rod and method for their preparation |
| GB0406956D0 (en) * | 2004-03-27 | 2004-04-28 | Boatman Peter J | A pipe forming assembly |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE300546B (en) * | 1964-11-06 | 1968-04-29 | Hoeganaesmetoder Ab | |
| NL8902950A (en) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-06-17 | Wavin Bv | PLASTIC TUBE WITH WALL BUILT UP FROM A PLASTIC FILLER LAYER. |
| DE4432333A1 (en) * | 1994-09-10 | 1996-03-14 | Iloma Automatisierungstechnik | Method and device for producing molded articles from polymer concrete |
| GB9703609D0 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1997-04-09 | Boatman Peter J | Composite structures |
-
1998
- 1998-12-12 GB GBGB9827308.9A patent/GB9827308D0/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-12-10 MY MYPI99005390A patent/MY127955A/en unknown
- 1999-12-10 AU AU15779/00A patent/AU1577900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-10 WO PCT/GB1999/004170 patent/WO2000035664A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-10 EP EP99958407A patent/EP1135247A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-10 TR TR2001/01640T patent/TR200101640T2/en unknown
- 1999-12-10 KR KR1020017007319A patent/KR20010101181A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-10 BR BR9916157-5A patent/BR9916157A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-05-28 ZA ZA200104380A patent/ZA200104380B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010101181A (en) | 2001-11-14 |
| AU1577900A (en) | 2000-07-03 |
| WO2000035664A8 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
| WO2000035664A1 (en) | 2000-06-22 |
| BR9916157A (en) | 2001-09-11 |
| GB9827308D0 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
| TR200101640T2 (en) | 2001-12-21 |
| EP1135247A1 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
| MY127955A (en) | 2007-01-31 |
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