WO2026012303A1 - NOVEL BENZO [4, 5] IMIDAZO COMPOUNDS AS TNFα MODULATORS - Google Patents
NOVEL BENZO [4, 5] IMIDAZO COMPOUNDS AS TNFα MODULATORSInfo
- Publication number
- WO2026012303A1 WO2026012303A1 PCT/CN2025/107259 CN2025107259W WO2026012303A1 WO 2026012303 A1 WO2026012303 A1 WO 2026012303A1 CN 2025107259 W CN2025107259 W CN 2025107259W WO 2026012303 A1 WO2026012303 A1 WO 2026012303A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- mmol
- group
- disease
- membered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/18—Bridged systems
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Compounds of Formula (I) as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, being potent modulators of human TNFα activity, are accordingly of benefit in the treatment and/or prevention of various human ailments, including autoimmune and inflammatory disorders; neurological and neurodegenerative disorders; pain and nociceptive disorders.
Description
The present invention relates to a class of heterocyclic compounds and derivatives, and their use in therapy. These compounds act as modulators of the signaling of TNFα, and are accordingly of benefit as pharmaceutical agents, especially in the treatment of adverse inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, pain and nociceptive disorders.
TNFα is the prototypical member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) superfamily of proteins that share a primary function of regulating cell survival and cell death. One structural feature common to all known members of the TNF superfamily is the formation of trimeric complexes that bind to, and activate, specific TNF superfamily receptors. By way of example, TNFα exists in soluble and transmembrane forms and signals through two receptors, known as TNFRl and TNFR2, with distinct functional endpoints.
TNF superfamily members, including TNFα itself, are implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological functions that are believed to play a part in a range of conditions of significant medical importance (see, for example, M.G. Tansey &D.E. Szymkowski, Drug Discovery Today, 2009, 14, 1082-1088; and F.S. Carneiro et al, J. Sexual Medicine, 2010, 7, 3823-3834) . In particular, TNFα modulators are implicated in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, asthma, graft versus host disease, allograft rejection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Graves'disease, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) , TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) , Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) , adult onset stills, gout, and gouty arthritis.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disease, estimated to contribute to 60–70%of all cases of dementia worldwide. According to the prevailing amyloid cascade hypothesis, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the initiating event in AD, although evidence is accumulating that this hypothesis is insufficient to explain many aspects of AD pathogenesis. The discovery of increased levels of inflammatory markers in patients with AD and the identification of AD risk genes associated with innate immune functions suggest that neuroinflammation has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases (Leng and Edison, Nat Rev Neurol. 2021 Mar; 17 (3) : 157-172) . It has been demonstrated that TNF blocking agents are associated with lower risk for Alzheimer’s disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis (Zhou et al. PLoS ONE 2020, 15 (3) : e0229819) . XPro1595 (Pegipanermin) , a dominant-negative inhibitor of soluble TNF, is in Phase II clinical trial in patients with early Alzheimer’s Disease (NCT05318976, NCT05522387) .
Various products capable of modulating TNFα activity are already commercially available. All are approved for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease. All currently approved products are macromolecular and act by inhibiting the binding of human TNFα to its receptor. Typical macromolecular TNFαinhibitors include anti-TNFα antibodies; and soluble TNFα receptor fusion proteins. Examples of commercially available anti-TNFα antibodies include fully human antibodies such as adalimumaband golimumabchimeric antibodies such as infliximab and pegylated Fab' fragments such as certolizumab pegolAn example of a commercially available soluble TNFα receptor fusion protein is etanercept
Many small molecule modulators of human TNFα have been disclosed in patent applications, e.g. WO 2013/186229, WO 2015/086525, WO 2016/050975, WO 2017/167994, WO 2017/167995, WO2018/197503, WO 2020/084008, WO 2016/149436, WO 2016/149437, WO 2016/149439, WO 2017/023902, WO 2017/023905, WO 2016/168633, WO 2016/168638, and WO 2016/168641. One small molecule modulator of human TNFα (SAR441566) is in clinical development (NCT06073093, NCT06073119) . But none has been approved for marketing. Furthermore, no brain penetrant small molecule modulator of human TNFα has been disclosed. The heterocyclic compounds as modulators of human TNFα disclosed herein, especially those being able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, may be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of a number of human diseases. These include inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, pain and nociceptive disorders.
The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof that are useful as modulators of TNFα, and are useful for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one of the compounds of Formula (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof.
The present invention also provides a method for modulation of TNFα comprising administering to a host in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the compounds of Formula (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof.
The present invention also provides a method for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, comprising administering to a host in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the compounds of Formula (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof.
One embodiment provides a method for treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Particular, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, asthma, graft versus host disease, allograft rejection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Graves'disease, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) , TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) , Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) , adult onset stills, gout, and gouty arthritis.
One embodiment provides a method for treating neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The neurological and neurodegenerative disorders include, but are not limited to, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, ischemia, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) , spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, head trauma, seizures, and epilepsy.
The present invention also provides the compounds of the present invention or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, for use in therapy.
The present invention also provides the use of the compounds of the present invention or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
The present invention also provides a compound of Formula (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition in a kit with instructions for using the compound or composition.
The present invention also provides processes and intermediates for making the compounds of the present invention or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof.
In one aspect, provided is a compound of formula (I) :
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:
is absent, a single bond, or a double bond;
X is O, or N;
Y is CR, O, N, or absent;
Ring A is C3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, 5-12 membered
saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, or 7-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one, or more substituents independently selected from Ra;
R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, CR, N, O, S, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;
R2, R3, and R4 each is independently H, halo, R, or OR;
R5 is Ring B, wherein Ring B is aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, 7-10 membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, or 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Rb;
Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 each are independently CRc, or N;
Ra, Rb, and Rc each is independently R, halo, oxo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’,
N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, P (O) RR’, or S (O) 2NRR’;
or Ra and Rb are taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 5-to 8-membered
carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of R, halo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’, N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, or S (O) 2NRR’;
R, R’ each is independently H, D, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered
heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, NHCH3, CH3, OCH3, and CN.
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:
is absent, a single bond, or a double bond;
X is O, or N;
Y is CR, O, N, or absent;
Ring A is C3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, 5-12 membered
saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, or 7-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one, or more substituents independently selected from Ra;
R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, CR, N, O, S, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;
R2, R3, and R4 each is independently H, halo, R, or OR;
R5 is Ring B, wherein Ring B is aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, 7-10 membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, or 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Rb;
Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 each are independently CRc, or N;
Ra, Rb, and Rc each is independently R, halo, oxo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’,
N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, P (O) RR’, or S (O) 2NRR’;
or Ra and Rb are taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 5-to 8-membered
carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of R, halo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’, N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, or S (O) 2NRR’;
R, R’ each is independently H, D, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered
heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, NHCH3, CH3, OCH3, and CN.
These and other features of the invention will be set forth in the expanded form as the disclosure continues.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, provided is a compound of formula (I) :
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:
is absent, a single bond, or a double bond;
X is O, or N;
Y is CR, O, N, or absent;
Ring A is C3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, 5-12 membered
saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, or 7-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one, or more substituents independently selected from Ra;
R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, CR, N, O, S, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;
R2, R3, and R4 each is independently H, halo, R, or OR;
R5 is Ring B, wherein Ring B is aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, 7-10 membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, or 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Rb;
Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 each are independently CRc, or N;
Ra, Rb, and Rc each is independently R, halo, oxo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’,
N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, P (O) RR’, or S (O) 2NRR’;
or Ra and Rb are taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 5-to 8-membered
carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of R, halo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’, N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, or S (O) 2NRR’;
R, R’ each is independently H, D, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered
heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, NHCH3, CH3, OCH3, and CN.
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:
is absent, a single bond, or a double bond;
X is O, or N;
Y is CR, O, N, or absent;
Ring A is C3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, 5-12 membered
saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, or 7-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one, or more substituents independently selected from Ra;
R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, CR, N, O, S, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;
R2, R3, and R4 each is independently H, halo, R, or OR;
R5 is Ring B, wherein Ring B is aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, 7-10 membered bicyclic
heteroaryl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, or 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Rb;
Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 each are independently CRc, or N;
Ra, Rb, and Rc each is independently R, halo, oxo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’,
N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, P (O) RR’, or S (O) 2NRR’;
or Ra and Rb are taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 5-to 8-membered
carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of R, halo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’, N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, or S (O) 2NRR’;
R, R’ each is independently H, D, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered
heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, NHCH3, CH3, OCH3, and CN.
In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (IIa) , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: Ring A, R2, R3, R4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Ra, Rb, Rc, R, and R’ are defined as above,
Y is CR, or N;
R1 is CR, or N;
Ring B is aryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from Rb.
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: Ring A, R2, R3, R4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Ra, Rb, Rc, R, and R’ are defined as above,
Y is CR, or N;
R1 is CR, or N;
Ring B is aryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from Rb.
In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (IIb) , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: Ring A, R2, R3, R4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Ra, Rb, Rc, R, and R’ are defined as above,
R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, or C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents
independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;
Ring B is aryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from Rb.
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically
labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: Ring A, R2, R3, R4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Ra, Rb, Rc, R, and R’ are defined as above,
R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, or C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents
independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;
Ring B is aryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
substituents independently selected from Rb.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
R1 is H, or CH3;
R2, R3, and R4 each are independently H, or halo.
R1 is H, or CH3;
R2, R3, and R4 each are independently H, or halo.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
each Ra is independently H, halo, CN, OCH3, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered
heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OCH3, and CN.
each Ra is independently H, halo, CN, OCH3, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered
heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OCH3, and CN.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
each Ra is independently H, F, or CH3.
each Ra is independently H, F, or CH3.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
each Rb is independently H, CN, OCH3, OH, NH2, or C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, OCH3, and CN.
each Rb is independently H, CN, OCH3, OH, NH2, or C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted
with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, OCH3, and CN.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Z1 is C-OCF2H; Z2, Z3, and Z4 each are independently CH.
In some embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula (I) , or subFormulae thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is depicted in Table 1:
Table 1:
Representative compounds of the invention are listed below:
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1H-imidazol-4-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (1) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-2-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (2) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (3) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (oxazol-4-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (4) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (5) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isothiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (6) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (7) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isothiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (8) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (6- (thiazol-5-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (9) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (10) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (11) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (12) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (13) ;
5-amino-1- (5- ( (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-5-oxo-5, 6, 7, 14-tetrahydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-11-yl) pyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (14) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl) -3-fluorophenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (15) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (2-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (16) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methylisothiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (17) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (18) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-
6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (19) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (20) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (21) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (22) .
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrazin-2-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (23) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (24) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-amino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (25) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (3-amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (26) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (27) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-aminoisoxazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (28) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxy-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (29) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (30) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (31) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (4-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (32) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (33) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (34) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (35) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (5- (2-hydroxypropan-2-yl) -1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (36) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (37) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (38) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (39) .
DEFINITIONS
Table 1:
Representative compounds of the invention are listed below:
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1H-imidazol-4-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (1) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-2-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (2) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (3) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (oxazol-4-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (4) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (5) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isothiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (6) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (7) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isothiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (8) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (6- (thiazol-5-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (9) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (10) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (11) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (12) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (13) ;
5-amino-1- (5- ( (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-5-oxo-5, 6, 7, 14-tetrahydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-11-yl) pyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (14) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl) -3-fluorophenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (15) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (2-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (16) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methylisothiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (17) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (18) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-
6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (19) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (20) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (21) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (22) .
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrazin-2-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (23) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-
methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (24) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-amino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (25) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (3-amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (26) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (27) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-aminoisoxazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (28) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxy-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (29) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (30) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (31) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (4-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (32) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (33) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (34) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-
7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (35) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (5- (2-hydroxypropan-2-yl) -1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (36) ;
(7R, 14R) -11- (4- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (37) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (38) ;
(7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (39) .
DEFINITIONS
The features and advantages of the invention may be more readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description. It is to be appreciated that certain features of the invention that are, for clarity reasons, described above and below in the context of separate embodiments, may also be combined to form a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention that are, for brevity reasons, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be combined so as to form sub-combinations thereof. Embodiments identified herein as exemplary or preferred are intended to be illustrative and not limiting.
Unless specifically stated otherwise herein, references made in the singular may also include the plural. For example, “a” and “an” may refer to either one, or one or more.
As used herein, the phrase “compounds” refers to at least one compound. For example, a compound of Formula (I) includes a compound of Formula (I) ; and two or more compounds of Formula (I) .
Unless otherwise indicated, any heteroatom with unsatisfied valences is assumed to have hydrogen atoms sufficient to satisfy the valences.
The definitions set forth herein take precedence over definitions set forth in any patent, patent application, and/or patent application publication incorporated herein by reference.
Listed below are definitions of various terms used to describe the present invention. These definitions apply to the terms as they are used throughout the specification (unless they are otherwise limited in specific instances) either individually or as part of a larger group.
Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof may be chosen by one skilled in the field to provide stable moieties and compounds.
The compounds herein may also contain linkages (e.g., carbon-carbon bonds) wherein bond rotation is restricted about that particular linkage, e.g., restriction resulting from the presence of a ring or double bond. Accordingly, all cis/trans and E/Z isomers are expressly included in the present disclosure. The compounds herein may also be represented in multiple tautomeric forms; in such instances, the present disclosure expressly includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein, even though only a single tautomeric form may be represented. All such isomeric forms of such compounds herein are expressly included in the present disclosure. The term “isomers” is intended to include diastereoisomers, enantiomers, regioisomers, structural isomers, rotational isomers, tautomers, and the like. For compounds which contain one or more stereogenic centers, e.g., chiral compounds, the methods of the present disclosure may be carried out with an enantiomerically enriched compound, a racemate, or a mixture of diastereomers. All isomers of compounds delineated herein are expressly included in the present disclosure.
In a formula, the bondis a single bond, the dashed lineis a single bond or absent, and the bondis a single or double bond.
Unless otherwise provided, formulae and structures depicted herein include compounds that do not include isotopically enriched atoms, and also include compounds that include isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, replacement of 19F with 18F, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13C-or 14C-enriched carbon are within the scope of the disclosure. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.
In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist in their isotopically labeled forms. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such isotopically labeled compounds. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating diseases by administering such isotopically labeled compounds as pharmaceutical compositions. Thus, in some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein include isotopically labeled compounds, which are identical to those recited herein, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds described herein, or a solvate, or stereoisomer thereof, include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, and chloride, such as 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively. Compounds described herein, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers thereof which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this disclosure. Certain isotopically labeled compounds, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3H and 14C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., 3H and carbon-14, i.e., 14C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavy isotopes such as deuterium, i.e., 2H, produces certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements. In some embodiments, the isotopically labeled compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof is prepared by any suitable method.
The term “isotopes” refers to variants of a particular chemical element such that, while all isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons in each atom of the element, those isotopes differ in the number of neutrons.
When a range of values ( “range” ) is listed, it encompasses each value and sub-range within the range. A range is inclusive of the values at the two ends of the range unless otherwise provided. For example “C1-6 alkyl” encompasses, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1–6, C1–5, C1–4, C1–3, C1–
2, C2–6, C2–5, C2–4, C2–3, C3–6, C3–5, C3–4, C4–6, C4–5, and C5–6 alkyl.
The term “aliphatic” refers to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and carbocyclic groups. Likewise, the term “heteroaliphatic” refers to heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, and heterocyclic groups.
The term “alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms ( “C1–20 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms ( “C1–12 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms ( “C1–10 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms ( “C1–9 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms ( “C1–8 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms ( “C1–7 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms ( “C1–6 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms ( “C1–5 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms ( “C1–4 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1–3 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms ( “C1–2 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 carbon atom ( “C1 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms ( “C2-6 alkyl” ) . Examples of C1–6 alkyl groups include methyl (C1) , ethyl (C2) , propyl (C3) (e.g., n-propyl, isopropyl) , butyl (C4) (e.g., n-butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl) , pentyl (C5) (e.g., n-pentyl, 3-pentanyl, amyl, neopentyl, 3-methyl-2-butanyl, tert-amyl) , and hexyl (C6) (e.g., n-hexyl) . Additional examples of alkyl groups include n-heptyl (C7) , n-octyl (C8) , n-dodecyl (C12) , and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted alkyl” ) with one or more substituents (e.g., halogen, such as F) . In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is an unsubstituted C1–12 alkyl (such as unsubstituted C1–6 alkyl, e.g., -CH3 (Me) , unsubstituted ethyl (Et) , unsubstituted propyl (Pr, e.g., unsubstituted n-propyl (n-Pr) , unsubstituted isopropyl (i-Pr) ) , unsubstituted butyl (Bu, e.g., unsubstituted n-butyl (n-Bu) , unsubstituted tert-butyl (tert-Bu or t-Bu) , unsubstituted sec-butyl (sec-Bu or s-Bu) , unsubstituted isobutyl (i-Bu) ) . In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is a substituted C1–12 alkyl (such as substituted C1–6 alkyl, e.g., –CH2F, –CHF2, –CF3, –CH2CH2F, –CH2CHF2, –CH2CF3, or benzyl (Bn) ) .
The term “haloalkyl” is a substituted alkyl group, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo. “Perhaloalkyl” is a subset of haloalkyl and refers to an alkyl group wherein all of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 20 carbon atoms ( “C1–20 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 10 carbon atoms ( “C1–10 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 9 carbon atoms ( “C1–9 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 8 carbon atoms ( “C1–8 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 7 carbon atoms ( “C1–7 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms ( “C1–6 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms ( “C1–5 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms ( “C1–4 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 3 carbon atoms ( “C1–3 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 2 carbon atoms ( “C1–2 haloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, all of the haloalkyl hydrogen atoms are independently replaced with fluoro to provide a “perfluoroalkyl” group. In some embodiments, all of the haloalkyl hydrogen atoms are independently replaced with chloro to provide a “perchloroalkyl” group. Examples of haloalkyl groups include –CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CCl3, -CFCl2, -CF2Cl, and the like.
The term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position (s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–20 alkyl” ) . In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–12 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–11 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–10 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–9 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–8 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–7 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–6 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–5 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and 1or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–4 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–3 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain ( “heteroC1–2 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 carbon atom and 1 heteroatom ( “heteroC1 alkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2-6 alkyl” ) . Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkyl group is an unsubstituted heteroC1–12 alkyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkyl group is a substituted heteroC1–12 alkyl.
The term “alkenyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 double bonds) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 20 carbon atoms ( “C2-20 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 12 carbon atoms ( “C2–12 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 11 carbon atoms ( “C2–11 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 10 carbon atoms ( “C2–10 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms ( “C2–9 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms ( “C2–8 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms ( “C2–7 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms ( “C2–6 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms ( “C2–5 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms ( “C2–4 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms ( “C2–3 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 2 carbon atoms ( “C2 alkenyl” ) . The one or more carbon-carbon double bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butenyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butenyl) . Examples of C2–4 alkenyl groups include ethenyl (C2) , 1-propenyl (C3) , 2-propenyl (C3) , 1-butenyl (C4) , 2-butenyl (C4) , butadienyl (C4) , and the like. Examples of C2–6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkenyl groups as well as pentenyl (C5) , pentadienyl (C5) , hexenyl (C6) , and the like. Additional examples of alkenyl include heptenyl (C7) , octenyl (C8) , octatrienyl (C8) , and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkenyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkenyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted alkenyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is an unsubstituted C2-
20 alkenyl. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl group is a substituted C2-20 alkenyl. In an alkenyl group, a C=C double bond for which the stereochemistry is not specified (e.g., -CH=CHCH3 or ) may be in the (E) -or (Z) -configuration.
The term “heteroalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position (s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–20 alkenyl” ) . In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–12 alkenyl” ) . In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 2 to 11 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–11 alkenyl” ) . In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–10 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–9 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–8 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–7 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–6 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–5 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–4 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–3 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain ( “heteroC2 alkenyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–6 alkenyl” ) . Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkenyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkenyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkenyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkenyl group is an unsubstituted heteroC2–20 alkenyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkenyl group is a substituted heteroC2–20 alkenyl.
The term “alkynyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 triple bonds) ( “C1-20 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 10 carbon atoms ( “C2-10 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms ( “C2-9 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms ( “C2-8 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms ( “C2-7 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms ( “C2-6 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms ( “C2-5 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms ( “C2-4 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms ( “C2-3 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 2 carbon atoms ( “C2 alkynyl” ) . The one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butynyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butynyl) . Examples of C2-4 alkynyl groups include, without limitation, ethynyl (C2) , 1-propynyl (C3) , 2-propynyl (C3) , 1-butynyl (C4) , 2-butynyl (C4) , and the like. Examples of C2-6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkynyl groups as well as pentynyl (C5) , hexynyl (C6) , and the like. Additional examples of alkynyl include heptynyl (C7) , octynyl (C8) , and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkynyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted alkynyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the alkynyl group is an unsubstituted C2-
20 alkynyl. In certain embodiments, the alkynyl group is a substituted C2-20 alkynyl.
The term “heteroalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position (s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–20 alkynyl” ) . In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–10 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 9 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–9 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–8 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–7 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–6 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–5 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–4 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–3 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain ( “heteroC2 alkynyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain ( “heteroC2–
6 alkynyl” ) . Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkynyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkynyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkynyl group is an unsubstituted heteroC2–20 alkynyl. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkynyl group is a substituted heteroC2–20 alkynyl.
The term “carbocyclyl” or “carbocyclic” refers to a radical of a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-14 carbocyclyl” ) and zero heteroatoms in the non-aromatic ring system. In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-14 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 13 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-13 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-12 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 11 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-11 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-10 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-8 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-7 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-6 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C4-6 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C5-6 carbocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C5-10 carbocyclyl” ) . Exemplary C3-6 carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl (C3) , cyclopropenyl (C3) , cyclobutyl (C4) , cyclobutenyl (C4) , cyclopentyl (C5) , cyclopentenyl (C5) , cyclohexyl (C6) , cyclohexenyl (C6) , cyclohexadienyl (C6) , and the like. Exemplary C3-8 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7) , cycloheptenyl (C7) , cycloheptadienyl (C7) , cycloheptatrienyl (C7) , cyclooctyl (C8) , cyclooctenyl (C8) , bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl (C7) , bicyclo [2.2.2] octanyl (C8) , and the like. Exemplary C3-10 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-8 carbocyclyl groups as well as cyclononyl (C9) , cyclononenyl (C9) , cyclodecyl (C10) , cyclodecenyl (C10) , octahydro-1H-indenyl (C9) , decahydronaphthalenyl (C10) , spiro [4.5] decanyl (C10) , and the like. Exemplary C3-8 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-10 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloundecyl (C11) , spiro [5.5] undecanyl (C11) , cyclododecyl (C12) , cyclododecenyl (C12) , cyclotridecane (C13) , cyclotetradecane (C14) , and the like. As the foregoing examples illustrate, in certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is either monocyclic ( “monocyclic carbocyclyl” ) or polycyclic (e.g., containing a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic carbocyclyl” ) or tricyclic system ( “tricyclic carbocyclyl” ) ) and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. “Carbocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the carbocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the carbocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbons continue to designate the number of carbons in the carbocyclic ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a carbocyclyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted carbocyclyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted carbocyclyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is an unsubstituted C3-14 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is a substituted C3-14 carbocyclyl.
In some embodiments, “carbocyclyl” is a monocyclic, saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-14 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-10 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-8 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C3-6 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C4-6 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C5-6 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C5-10 cycloalkyl” ) . Examples of C5-6 cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl (C5) and cyclohexyl (C5) . Examples of C3-6 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C5-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cyclopropyl (C3) and cyclobutyl (C4) . Examples of C3-8 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7) and cyclooctyl (C8) . Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a cycloalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted cycloalkyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted cycloalkyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is an unsubstituted C3-14 cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is a substituted C3-14 cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl includes 0, 1, 2 or 3 C=C double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits.
The term “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a radical of a 3-to 14-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “3–14 membered heterocyclyl” ) . In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic ( “monocyclic heterocyclyl” ) or polycyclic (e.g., a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic heterocyclyl” ) or tricyclic system ( “tricyclic heterocyclyl” ) ) , and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. Heterocyclyl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heterocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl ring, or ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups, wherein the point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heterocyclyl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heterocyclyl” ) or substituted (a “substituted heterocyclyl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is an unsubstituted 3–14 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl group is a substituted 3–14 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl is substituted or unsubstituted, 3-to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl, wherein 1, 2, or 3 atoms in the heterocyclic ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, as valency permits.
In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5–10 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “5–10 membered heterocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5–8 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “5–8 membered heterocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5–6 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “5–6 membered heterocyclyl” ) . In some embodiments, the 5–6 membered heterocyclyl has 1–3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5–6 membered heterocyclyl has 1–2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5–6 membered heterocyclyl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azirdinyl, oxiranyl, and thiiranyl. Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azetidinyl, oxetanyl, and thietanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrrolyl-2, 5-dione. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include dioxolanyl, oxathiolanyl and dithiolanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazinyl. Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 8-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl. Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclyl groups include indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzofuranyl, tetrahydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, octahydrochromenyl, octahydroisochromenyl, decahydronaphthyridinyl, decahydro-1, 8-naphthyridinyl, octahydropyrrolo [3, 2-b] pyrrole, indolinyl, phthalimidyl, naphthalimidyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, 1H-benzo [e] [1, 4] diazepinyl, 1, 4, 5, 7-tetrahydropyrano [3, 4-b] pyrrolyl, 5, 6-dihydro-4H-furo [3, 2-b] pyrrolyl, 6, 7-dihydro-5H-furo [3, 2-b] pyranyl, 5, 7-dihydro-4H-thieno [2, 3-c] pyranyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, 2, 3-dihydrofuro [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrofuro [3, 2-c] pyridinyl, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothieno [3, 2-b] pyridinyl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-1, 6-naphthyridinyl, and the like.
The term “aryl” refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6–14 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system ( “C6-
14 aryl” ) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C6 aryl” ; e.g., phenyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C10 aryl” ; e.g., naphthyl such as 1–naphthyl and 2-naphthyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has 14 ring carbon atoms ( “C14 aryl” ; e.g., anthracyl) . “Aryl” also includes ring systems wherein the aryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the radical or point of attachment is on the aryl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbon atoms continue to designate the number of carbon atoms in the aryl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an aryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted aryl” ) or substituted (a “substituted aryl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the aryl group is an unsubstituted C6-14 aryl. In certain embodiments, the aryl group is a substituted C6-14 aryl.
“Aralkyl” is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by an aryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl moiety.
The term “heteroaryl” refers to a radical of a 5-14 membered monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic, tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “5-14 membered heteroaryl” ) . In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heteroaryl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heteroaryl” includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heteroaryl ring system. “Heteroaryl” also includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the aryl or heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members designates the number of ring members in the fused polycyclic (aryl/heteroaryl) ring system. Polycyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, carbazolyl, and the like) the point of attachment can be on either ring, e.g., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2-indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5-indolyl) . In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 5-or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 9-or 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-10 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “5-10 membered heteroaryl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-8 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “5-8 membered heteroaryl” ) . In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-6 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1–4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur ( “5-6 membered heteroaryl” ) . In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1–3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1–2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroaryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroaryl” ) or substituted (a “substituted heteroaryl” ) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl group is an unsubstituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl group is a substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl.
Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyrrolyl, furanyl, and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 4 heteroatoms include tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 or 4 heteroatoms include triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5, 6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6, 6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl. Exemplary tricyclic heteroaryl groups include phenanthridinyl, dibenzofuranyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, and phenazinyl.
“Heteroaralkyl” is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl moiety.
The term “unsaturated bond” refers to a double or triple bond.
The term “unsaturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond.
The term “saturated” or “fully saturated” refers to a moiety that does not contain a double or triple bond, e.g., the moiety only contains single bonds.
Affixing the suffix “-ene” to a group indicates the group is a divalent moiety, e.g., alkylene is the divalent moiety of alkyl, alkenylene is the divalent moiety of alkenyl, alkynylene is the divalent moiety of alkynyl, heteroalkylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkyl, heteroalkenylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkynyl, carbocyclylene is the divalent moiety of carbocyclyl, heterocyclylene is the divalent moiety of heterocyclyl, arylene is the divalent moiety of aryl, and heteroarylene is the divalent moiety of heteroaryl.
A group is optionally substituted unless expressly provided otherwise. The term “optionally substituted” refers to being substituted or unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted. “Optionally substituted” refers to a group which is substituted or unsubstituted (e.g., “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” carbocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heterocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” aryl or “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroaryl group) . In general, the term “substituted” means that at least one hydrogen present on a group is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent is either the same or different at each position. The term “substituted” is contemplated to include substitution with all permissible substituents of organic compounds and includes any of the substituents described herein that results in the formation of a stable compound. The present invention contemplates any and all such combinations in order to arrive at a stable compound. For purposes of this invention, heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and/or any suitable substituent as described herein which satisfy the valencies of the heteroatoms and results in the formation of a stable moiety. The invention is not limited in any manner by the exemplary substituents described herein.
The term “halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (fluoro, -F) , chlorine (chloro, -Cl) , bromine (bromo, -Br) , or iodine (iodo, -I) .
The term “hydroxyl” or “hydroxy” refers to the group -OH. The term “substituted hydroxyl” or “substituted hydroxyl, ” by extension, refers to a hydroxyl group wherein the oxygen atom directly attached to the parent molecule is substituted with a group other than hydrogen, and includes groups selected from -ORaa, -ON (Rbb) 2, -OC (=O) SRaa, -OC (=O) Raa, -OCO2Raa, -OC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -OC (=NRbb) Raa, -OC (=NRbb) ORaa, -OC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -OS (=O) Raa, -OSO2Raa, -OSi (Raa) 3, -OP (Rcc) 2, -OP (Rcc) 3
+X-, -OP (ORcc) 2, -OP (ORcc) 3
+X-, -OP (=O) (Raa) 2, -OP (=O) (ORcc) 2, and -OP (=O) (N (Rbb) ) 2, wherein X-, Raa, Rbb, and Rcc are as defined herein.
The term “amino” refers to the group -NH2. The term “substituted amino, ” by extension, refers to a monosubstituted amino, a disubstituted amino, or a trisubstituted amino. In certain embodiments, the “substituted amino” is a monosubstituted amino or a disubstituted amino group.
The term “acyl” refers to a group having the general formula -C (=O) RX1, -C (=O) ORX1, -C (=O) -O-C (=O) RX1, -C (=O) SRX1, -C (=O) N (RX1) 2, -C (=S) RX1, -C (=S) N (RX1) 2, and -C (=S) S (RX1) , -C (=NRX1) RX1, -C (=NRX1) ORX1, -C (=NRX1) SRX1, and -C (=NRX1) N (RX1) 2, wherein RX1 is hydrogen; halogen; substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl; substituted or unsubstituted thiol; substituted or unsubstituted amino; substituted or unsubstituted acyl, cyclic or acyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched aliphatic; cyclic or acyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched heteroaliphatic; cyclic or acyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkyl; cyclic or acyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkenyl; substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, aliphaticoxy, heteroaliphaticoxy, alkyloxy, heteroalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aliphaticthioxy, heteroaliphaticthioxy, alkylthioxy, heteroalkylthioxy, arylthioxy, heteroarylthioxy, mono-or di-aliphaticamino, mono-or di-heteroaliphaticamino, mono-or di-alkylamino, mono-or di-heteroalkylamino, mono-or di-arylamino, or mono-or di-heteroarylamino; or two RX1 groups taken together form a 5-to 6-membered heterocyclic ring. Exemplary acyl groups include aldehydes (-CHO) , carboxylic acids (-CO2H) , ketones, acyl halides, esters, amides, imines, carbonates, carbamates, and ureas. Acyl substituents include, but are not limited to, any of the substituents described herein, that result in the formation of a stable moiety (e.g., aliphatic, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroaliphatic, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, oxo, imino, thiooxo, cyano, isocyano, amino, azido, nitro, hydroxyl, thiol, halo, aliphaticamino, heteroaliphaticamino, alkylamino, heteroalkylamino, arylamino, heteroarylamino, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, aliphaticoxy, heteroaliphaticoxy, alkyloxy, heteroalkyloxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aliphaticthioxy, heteroaliphaticthioxy, alkylthioxy, heteroalkylthioxy, arylthioxy, heteroarylthioxy, acyloxy, and the like, each of which may or may not be further substituted) .
The term “carbonyl” refers to a group wherein the carbon directly attached to the parent molecule is sp2 hybridized, and is substituted with an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, e.g., a group selected from ketones (–C (=O) Raa) , carboxylic acids (–CO2H) , aldehydes (–CHO) , esters (–CO2Raa, –C (=O) SRaa, –C (=S) SRaa) , amides (–C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, -C (=S) N (Rbb) 2) , and imines (–C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa) , –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2) , wherein Raa and Rbb are as defined herein.
The term “oxo” refers to the group =O, and the term “thiooxo” refers to the group =S.
Nitrogen atoms can be substituted or unsubstituted as valency permits, and include primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary nitrogen atoms.
A “counterion” or “anionic counterion” is a negatively charged group associated with a positively charged group in order to maintain electronic neutrality. An anionic counterion may be monovalent (e.g., including one formal negative charge) . An anionic counterion may also be multivalent (e.g., including more than one formal negative charge) , such as divalent or trivalent. Exemplary counterions include halide ions (e.g., F–, Cl–, Br–, I–) , NO3
–, ClO4
–, OH–, H2PO4
–, HCO3
-, HSO4
–, sulfonate ions (e.g., methansulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, p–toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, 10–camphor sulfonate, naphthalene–2–sulfonate, naphthalene–1–sulfonic acid–5–sulfonate, ethan–1–sulfonic acid–2–sulfonate, and the like) , carboxylate ions (e.g., acetate, propanoate, benzoate, glycerate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, gluconate, and the like) , BF4
-, PF4
–, PF6
–, AsF6
–, SbF6
–, B [3, 5- (CF3) 2C6H3] 4] –, B (C6F5) 4
-, BPh4
–, Al (OC (CF3) 3) 4
–, and carborane anions (e.g., CB11H12
–or (HCB11Me5Br6) –) . Exemplary counterions which may be multivalent include CO3
2-, HPO4
2-, PO4
3-, B4O7
2-, SO4
2-, S2O3
2-, carboxylate anions (e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate, gluconate, succinate, glutarate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, salicylate, phthalates, aspartate, glutamate, and the like) , and carboranes.
Use of the phrase “at least one instance” refers to 1, 2, 3, 4, or more instances, but also encompasses a range, e.g., for example, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 3, or from 3 to 4 instances, inclusive.
A “non-hydrogen group” refers to any group that is defined for a particular variable that is not hydrogen.
These and other exemplary substituents are described in more detail in the Detailed Description, Examples, and Claims. The invention is not limited in any manner by the above exemplary listing of substituents.
As used herein, the term “salt” refers to any and all salts, and encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts include ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. A salt is composed of one or more cations (positively charged ions) and one or more anions (negative ions) so that the salt is electrically neutral (without a net charge) . Salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid, or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Other salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2–hydroxy–ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2–naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3–phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate, hippurate, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+ (C1–4 alkyl) 4 salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further salts include ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, Berge et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4 salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.
The term “solvate” refers to forms of the compound, or a salt thereof, that are associated with a solvent, usually by a solvolysis reaction. This physical association may include hydrogen bonding. Conventional solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, DMSO, THF, diethyl ether, and the like. The compounds described herein may be prepared, e.g., in crystalline form, and may be solvated. Suitable solvates include pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and further include both stoichiometric solvates and non-stoichiometric solvates. In certain instances, the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. “Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Representative solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, and methanolates.
The term “hydrate” refers to a compound that is associated with water. Typically, the number of the water molecules contained in a hydrate of a compound is in a definite ratio to the number of the compound molecules in the hydrate. Therefore, a hydrate of a compound may be represented, for example, by the general formula R·x H2O, wherein R is the compound, and x is a number greater than 0. A given compound may form more than one type of hydrate, including, e.g., monohydrates (x is 1) , lower hydrates (x is a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1, e.g., hemihydrates (R·0.5 H2O) ) , and polyhydrates (x is a number greater than 1, e.g., dihydrates (R·2 H2O) and hexahydrates (R·6 H2O) ) .
The term “tautomers” or “tautomeric” refers to two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa) . The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Tautomerizations (i.e., the reaction providing a tautomeric pair) may catalyzed by acid or base. Exemplary tautomerizations include keto-to-enol, amide-to-imide, lactam-to-lactim, enamine-to-imine, and enamine-to- (adifferent enamine) tautomerizations.
It is also to be understood that compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers” . Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers” .
Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers” . When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R-and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (-) -isomers respectively) . A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture” .
The term “polymorph” refers to a crystalline form of a compound (or a salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof) . All polymorphs have the same elemental composition. Different crystalline forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, melting points, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability, and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Various polymorphs of a compound can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
The term “co-crystal” refers to a crystalline structure comprising at least two different components (e.g., a compound and an acid) , wherein each of the components is independently an atom, ion, or molecule. In certain embodiments, none of the components is a solvent. In certain embodiments, at least one of the components is a solvent. A co-crystal of a compound and an acid is different from a salt formed from a compound and the acid. In the salt, a compound is complexed with the acid in a way that proton transfer (e.g., a complete proton transfer) from the acid to a compound easily occurs at room temperature. In the co-crystal, however, a compound is complexed with the acid in a way that proton transfer from the acid to a herein does not easily occur at room temperature. In certain embodiments, in the co-crystal, there is substantially no proton transfer from the acid to a compound. In certain embodiments, in the co-crystal, there is partial proton transfer from the acid to a compound. Co-crystals may be useful to improve the properties (e.g., solubility, stability, and ease of formulation) of a compound.
The term “prodrugs” refers to compounds that have cleavable groups and become by solvolysis or under physiological conditions the compounds described herein, which are pharmaceutically active in vivo. Such examples include, but are not limited to, choline ester derivatives and the like, N-alkylmorpholine esters and the like. Other derivatives of the compounds described herein have activity in both their acid and acid derivative forms, but in the acid sensitive form often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in the mammalian organism (see, Bundgaard, H., Design of Prodrugs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985) . Prodrugs include acid derivatives well known to practitioners of the art, such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acid with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with a substituted or unsubstituted amine, or acid anhydrides, or mixed anhydrides. Simple aliphatic or aromatic esters, amides, and anhydrides derived from acidic groups pendant on the compounds described herein are particular prodrugs. In some cases it is desirable to prepare double ester type prodrugs such as (acyloxy) alkyl esters or ( (alkoxycarbonyl) oxy) alkylesters. C1-C8 alkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, aryl, C7-C12 substituted aryl, and C7-C12 arylalkyl esters of the compounds described herein may be preferred.
The terms “composition” and “formulation” are used interchangeably.
A “subject” to which administration is contemplated refers to a human (i.e., male or female of any age group, e.g., pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, or adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult, or senior adult) ) or non-human animal. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., primate (e.g., cynomolgus monkey or rhesus monkey) , commercially relevant mammal (e.g., cattle, pig, horse, sheep, goat, cat, or dog) , or bird (e.g., commercially relevant bird, such as chicken, duck, goose, or turkey) ) . In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a fish, reptile, or amphibian. The non-human animal may be a male or female at any stage of development. The non-human animal may be a transgenic animal or genetically engineered animal. The term “patient” refers to a human subject in need of treatment of a disorder or a disease.
The term “administer, ” “administering, ” or “administration” refers to implanting, absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing a compound described herein, or a composition thereof, in or on a subject.
The terms “treatment, ” “treat, ” and “treating” refer to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disorder or disease described herein. In some embodiments, treatment may be administered after one or more signs or symptoms of the disease have developed or have been observed. In other embodiments, treatment may be administered in the absence of signs or symptoms of the disorder. For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible subject prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of exposure to a pathogen) . Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example, to delay or prevent recurrence.
The terms “condition, ” “disease, ” and “disorder” are used interchangeably. An “effective amount” of a compound described herein refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response. An effective amount of a compound described herein may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, severity of side effects, disease, or disorder, the identity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the particular compound, the condition being treated, the mode, route, and desired or required frequency of administration, the species, age and health or general condition of the subject. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is a prophylactic treatment. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is the amount of a compound described herein in a single dose. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is the combined amounts of a compound described herein in multiple doses. In certain embodiments, the desired dosage is delivered three times a day, two times a day, once a day, every other day, every third day, every week, every two weeks, every three weeks, or every four weeks. In certain embodiments, the desired dosage is delivered using multiple administrations (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more administrations) .
A “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound described herein is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to delay or minimize one or more symptoms associated with the condition. A therapeutically effective amount of a compound means an amount of therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other therapies, which provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of the condition. The term “therapeutically effective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall therapy, reduces or avoids symptoms, signs, or causes of the condition, and/or enhances the therapeutic efficacy of another therapeutic agent. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for TNFα inhibition or modulation. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating or preventing autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases including but not limited to, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, asthma, graft versus host disease, allograft rejection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Graves'disease, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) , TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) , Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) , adult onset stills, gout, and gouty arthritis; or for treating neurological and neurodegenerative disorders including but not limited to, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, ischemia, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) , spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, head trauma, seizures, and epilepsy.
The term “prevent, ” “preventing, ” or “prevention” refers to a prophylactic treatment of a subject who is not and was not with a disorder but is at risk of developing the disorder or who was with a disorder, is not with the disorder, but is at risk of regression of the disorder. In certain embodiments, the subject is at a higher risk of developing the disorder or at a higher risk of regression of the disorder than an average healthy member of a population.
The compounds of the present invention are intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include deuterium (D) and tritium (T) . Isotopes of carbon include 13C and 14C. Isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described herein, using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent otherwise employed. For example, methyl (-CH3) also includes deuterated methyl groups such as -CD3.
Compounds in accordance with Formula (I) can be administered by any means suitable for the condition to be treated, which can depend on the need for site-specific treatment or quantity of Formula (I) compound to be delivered.
Also embraced within this invention is a class of pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and one or more non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants (collectively referred to herein as “carrier” materials) and, if desired, other active ingredients. The compounds of Formula (I) may be administered by any suitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended. The compounds and compositions of the present invention may, for example, be administered orally, mucosally, or parentally including intravascularly, intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, and intrastemally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles. For example, the pharmaceutical carrier may contain a mixture of mannitol or lactose and microcrystalline cellulose. The mixture may contain additional components such as a lubricating agent, e.g. magnesium stearate and a disintegrating agent such as crospovidone. The carrier mixture may be filled into a gelatin capsule or compressed as a tablet. The pharmaceutical composition may be administered as an oral dosage form or an infusion, for example.
For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a tablet, capsule, liquid capsule, suspension, or liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. For example, the pharmaceutical composition may be provided as a tablet or capsule comprising an amount of active ingredient in the range of from about 0.1 to 1000 mg, preferably from about 0.25 to 250 mg, and more preferably from about 0.5 to 100 mg. A suitable daily dose for a human or other mammal may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient and other factors, but, can be determined using routine methods.
Any pharmaceutical composition contemplated herein can, for example, be delivered orally via any acceptable and suitable oral preparations. Exemplary oral preparations, include, but are not limited to, for example, tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous and oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard and soft capsules, liquid capsules, syrups, and elixirs. Pharmaceutical compositions intended for oral administration can be prepared according to any methods known in the art for manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions intended for oral administration. In order to provide pharmaceutically palatable preparations, a pharmaceutical composition in accordance with the invention can contain at least one agent selected from sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, demulcents, antioxidants, and preserving agents.
A tablet can, for example, be prepared by admixing at least one compound of Formula (I) with at least one non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient suitable for the manufacture of tablets. Exemplary excipients include, but are not limited to, for example, inert diluents, such as, for example, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate, and sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as, for example, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium crosscarmellose, corn starch, and alginic acid; binding agents, such as, for example, starch, gelatin, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, and acacia; and lubricating agents, such as, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and talc. Additionally, a tablet can either be uncoated, or coated by known techniques to either mask the bad taste of an unpleasant tasting drug, or delay disintegration and absorption of the active ingredient in the gastrointestinal tract thereby sustaining the effects of the active ingredient for a longer period. Exemplary water-soluble taste masking materials, include, but are not limited to, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl-cellulose. Exemplary time delay materials, include, but are not limited to, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate.
Hard gelatin capsules can, for example, be prepared by mixing at least one compound of Formula (I) with at least one inert solid diluent, such as, for example, calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate; and kaolin.
Soft gelatin capsules can, for example, be prepared by mixing at least one compound of Formula (I) with at least one water soluble carrier, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol; and at least one oil medium, such as, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin, and olive oil.
An aqueous suspension can be prepared, for example, by admixing at least one compound of Formula (I) with at least one excipient suitable for the manufacture of an aqueous suspension. Exemplary excipients suitable for the manufacture of an aqueous suspension, include, but are not limited to, for example, suspending agents, such as, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, alginic acid, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth, and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents, such as, for example, a naturally-occurring phosphatide, e.g., lecithin; condensation products of alkylene oxide with fatty acids, such as, for example, polyoxyethylene stearate; condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, such as, for example heptadecaethylene-oxycetanol; condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol, such as, for example, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate; and condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, such as, for example, polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. An aqueous suspension can also contain at least one preservative, such as, for example, ethyl and n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; at least one coloring agent; at least one flavoring agent; and/or at least one sweetening agent, including but not limited to, for example, sucrose, saccharin, and aspartame.
Oily suspensions can, for example, be prepared by suspending at least one compound of Formula (I) in either a vegetable oil, such as, for example, arachis oil; olive oil; sesame oil; and coconut oil; or in mineral oil, such as, for example, liquid paraffin. An oily suspension can also contain at least one thickening agent, such as, for example, beeswax; hard paraffin; and cetyl alcohol. In order to provide a palatable oily suspension, at least one of the sweetening agents already described hereinabove, and/or at least one flavoring agent can be added to the oily suspension. An oily suspension can further contain at least one preservative, including, but not limited to, for example, an antioxidant, such as, for example, butylated hydroxyanisol, and alpha-tocopherol.
Dispersible powders and granules can, for example, be prepared by admixing at least one compound of Formula (I) with at least one dispersing and/or wetting agent; at least one suspending agent; and/or at least one preservative. Suitable dispersing agents, wetting agents, and suspending agents are as already described above. Exemplary preservatives include, but are not limited to, for example, anti-oxidants, e.g., ascorbic acid. In addition, dispersible powders and granules can also contain at least one excipient, including, but not limited to, for example, sweetening agents; flavoring agents; and coloring agents.
An emulsion of at least one compound of Formula (I) thereof can, for example, be prepared as an oil-in-water emulsion. The oily phase of the emulsions comprising compounds of Formula (I) may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. The oil phase can be provided by, but is not limited to, for example, a vegetable oil, such as, for example, olive oil and arachis oil; a mineral oil, such as, for example, liquid paraffin; and mixtures thereof. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Suitable emulsifying agents include, but are not limited to, for example, naturally occurring phosphatides, e.g., soy bean lecithin; esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, such as, for example, sorbitan monooleate; and condensation products of partial esters with ethylene oxide, such as, for example, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier (s) with or without stabilizer (s) ) make-up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations. An emulsion can also contain a sweetening agent, a flavoring agent, a preservative, and/or an antioxidant. Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the present invention include Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax, or other materials well known in the art.
The compounds of Formula (I) can, for example, also be delivered intravenously, subcutaneously, and/or intramuscularly via any pharmaceutically acceptable and suitable injectable form. Exemplary injectable forms include, but are not limited to, for example, sterile aqueous solutions comprising acceptable vehicles and solvents, such as, for example, water, Ringer’s solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution; sterile oil-in water microemulsions; and aqueous or oleaginous suspensions.
Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or nonaqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules using one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration or by using other suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, tragacanth gum, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art. The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition with suitable carriers including saline, dextrose, or water, or with cyclodextrin (i.e. Captisol) , cosolvent solubilization (i.e. propylene glycol) or micellar solubilization (i.e. Tween 80) .
The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer’s solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed, including synthetic mono-or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
A sterile injectable oil-in-water microemulsion can, for example, be prepared by 1) dissolving at least one compound of Formula (I) in an oily phase, such as, for example, a mixture of soybean oil and lecithin; 2) combining the Formula (I) containing oil phase with a water and glycerol mixture; and 3) processing the combination to form a microemulsion.
A sterile aqueous or oleaginous suspension can be prepared in accordance with methods already known in the art. For example, a sterile aqueous solution or suspension can be prepared with a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, such as, for example, 1, 3-butane diol; and a sterile oleaginous suspension can be prepared with a sterile non-toxic acceptable solvent or suspending medium, such as, for example, sterile fixed oils, e.g., synthetic mono-or diglycerides; and fatty acids, such as, for example, oleic acid.
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles that may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) such as d-alpha-tocopherol polyethyleneglycol 1000 succinate, surfactants usedin pharmaceutical dosage forms such as Tweens, polyethoxylated castor oil such as CREMOPHOR surfactant (BASF) , or other similar polymeric delivery matrices, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylenepolyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat. Cyclodextrins such as alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin, or chemically modified derivatives such as hydroxyalkylcyclodextrins, including 2-and 3-hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins, or other solubilized derivatives may also be advantageously used to enhance delivery of compounds of the formulae described herein.
The pharmaceutical compositions can be presented in a pack or dispenser device which can contain one or more unit dosage forms including the compound of Formula (I) . The pack can, for example, comprise metal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack. The pack or dispenser device can be accompanied by instructions for administration.
The pharmaceutically active compounds of this invention can be processed in accordance with conventional methods of pharmacy to produce medicinal agents for administration to patients, including humans and other mammals. The pharmaceutical compositions may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or may contain conventional adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, buffers etc. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings. Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
The amounts of compounds that are administered and the dosage regimen for treating a disease condition with the compounds and/or compositions of this invention depends on a variety of factors, including the age, weight, sex, the medical condition of the subject, the type of disease, the severity of the disease, the route and frequency of administration, and the particular compound employed. Thus, the dosage regimen may vary widely, but can be determined routinely using standard methods. A daily dose of about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg body weight, preferably between about 0.0025 and about 50 mg/kg body weight and most preferably between about 0.005 to 10 mg/kg body weight, may be appropriate. The daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day. Other dosing schedules include one dose per week and one dose per two-day cycle.
For therapeutic purposes, the active compounds of this invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration. If administered orally, the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient administration. Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention comprise at least one compound of Formula (I) and optionally an additional agent selected from any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, and vehicle. Alternate compositions of this invention comprise a compound of the Formula (I) described herein, or a prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
The pharmaceutical compositions may contain other therapeutic agents and may be formulated, for example, by employing conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluents, as well as pharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode of desired administration (e.g., excipients, binders, preservatives, stabilizers, flavors, etc. ) according to techniques such as those well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation.
The present invention also encompasses an article of manufacture. As used herein, article of manufacture is intended to include, but not be limited to, kits and packages. The article of manufacture of the present invention, comprises: (a) a first container; (b) a pharmaceutical composition located within the first container, wherein the composition, comprises: a first therapeutic agent, comprising: a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof; and (c) a package insert stating that the pharmaceutical composition can be used for the treatment of an inflammatory disorder and/or CNS disease (as defined previously) . The article of manufacture can further comprise: (d) a second container, wherein components (a) and (b) are located within the second container and component (c) is located within or outside of the second container. Located within the first and second containers means that the respective container holds the item within its boundaries.
The first container is a receptacle used to hold a pharmaceutical composition. This container can be for manufacturing, storing, shipping, and/or individual/bulk selling. First container is intended to cover a bottle, jar, vial, flask, syringe, tube (e.g., for a cream preparation) , or any other container used to manufacture, hold, store, or distribute a pharmaceutical product. The second container is one used to hold the first container and, optionally, the package insert. Examples of the second container include, but are not limited to, boxes (e.g., cardboard or plastic) , crates, cartons, bags (e.g., paper or plastic bags) , pouches, and sacks. The package insert can be physically attached to the outside of the first container via tape, glue, staple, or another method of attachment, or it can rest inside the second container without any physical means of attachment to the first container. Alternatively, the package insert is located on the outside of the second container. When located on the outside of the second container, it is preferable that the package insert is physically attached via tape, glue, staple, or another method of attachment. Alternatively, it can be adjacent to or touching the outside of the second container without being physically attached.
The package insert is a label, tag, marker, etc. that recites information relating to the pharmaceutical composition located within the first container. The information recited will usually be determined by the regulatory agency governing the area in which the article of manufacture is to be sold (e.g., the United States Food and Drug Administration) . In one embodiment, the package insert specifically recites the indications for which the pharmaceutical composition has been approved. The package insert may be made of any material on which a person can read information contained therein or thereon. For example, the package insert is a printable material (e.g., paper, plastic, cardboard, foil, adhesive-backed paper or plastic, etc. ) on which the desired information has been formed (e.g., printed or applied) .
UTILITY
UTILITY
The compounds of the invention modulate the activity of TNFα. Accordingly, compounds of Formula (I) have utility in treating conditions associated with the modulation of TNFα.
The compounds in accordance with the present invention are beneficial in the treatment and/or prevention of various human ailments. The compounds in accordance with the present invention can be beneficial either as a standalone therapy or in combination with other therapies that therapeutically could provide greater benefit. The ailments for which the compounds in the present invention could be of benefit include autoimmune and inflammatory disorders; neurological and neurodegenerative disorders; pain and nociceptive disorders.
Inflammatory and autoimmune disorders include systemic autoimmune disorders, autoimmune endocrine disorders, and organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Systemic autoimmune disorders include systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathy, vasculitis, polymyositis, scleroderma, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, non-specific inflammatory arthritis, juvenile inflammatory arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (including oligoarticular and polyarticular forms thereof) , anemia of chronic disease, Still’s disease (juvenile and/or adult onset) , Behcet’s disease and Sjogren’s syndrome. Autoimmune endocrine disorders include thyroiditis. Organ-specific autoimmune disorders include Addison’s disease, hemolytic or pernicious anemia, acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, obstructive uropathy (including cisplatin-induced obstructive uropathy) , glomerulonephritis (including Goodpasture’s syndrome, immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) -associated glomerulonephritis) , lupus nephritis, minimal change disease, Graves’ disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, indeterminate colitis and pouchitis) , pemphigus, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune pneumonitis, autoimmune carditis, myasthenia gravis, spontaneous infertility, osteoporosis, osteopenia, erosive bone disease, chondritis, cartilage degeneration and/or destruction, fibrosing disorders (including various forms of hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis) , asthma, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, fever, muscular dystrophy (including Duchenne muscular dystrophy) , and organ transplant rejection (including kidney allograft rejection) .
Neurological and neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, ischemia, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) , spinal cord injury, head trauma, seizures, and epilepsy.
One embodiment provides a method of treating a disorder selected from autoimmune and inflammatory disorders; neurological and neurodegenerative disorders; pain and nociceptive disorders, comprising administering to a mammalian patient in need of treatment, a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Preferably, the patient is human. For example, a therapeutically effective amount for treating a disorder may be administered in the method of the present embodiment.
One embodiment provides a method of treating a disease or disorder associated with the activity of TNFα, comprising administering to a mammalian patient in need of treatment, a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Preferably, the patient is human. For example, a therapeutically effective amount for treating a disorder may be administered in the method of the present embodiment.
One embodiment provides the compounds of Formula (I) for use in therapy. In the present embodiment, the use in therapy may include the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) .
The present invention also provides the use of the compounds of Formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of an allergic disorder and/or autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease. In the present embodiment, the use for the manufacture of a medicament may include the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) for the treatment or prophylaxis of an allergic disorder and/or autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease.
The present invention also provides the use of the compounds of Formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of cancer. The present embodiment may include the use for the manufacture of a medicament includes the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) for the treatment of cancer.
The present invention provides the use of compounds of Formula (I) as pharmacological tools in the search for new pharmacological agents or in the development of new biological assays. In one embodiment, the compounds of Formula (I) are useful as radioligands or can be coupled to a fluorophore and utilized in assays to identify pharmacologically active compounds.
In one embodiment, the compounds of Formula (I) inhibit TNFα functional activity with IC50 values of less than 10 μΜ, for example, from 0.001 to less than 10 μΜ, as measured by the TNF dependent L929 cell assay. Preferably, the compounds of Formula (I) inhibit TNFαfunctional activity with IC50 values of less than 1 μΜ, for example, from 0.001 to less than 1 μM Other preferred compounds inhibit TNFα functional activity with IC50 values of 100 nM and less, for example, from 1 to 100 nM.
Examples of compounds of Formula (I) as specified in the "Examples" section below, have been tested in one or more of the assays described below.
METHODS OF PREPARATION
METHODS OF PREPARATION
The compounds of the present invention may be synthesized by many methods available to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry. General synthetic schemes for preparing compounds of the present invention are described below. These schemes are illustrative and are not meant to limit the possible techniques one skilled in the art may use to prepare the compounds disclosed herein. Different methods to prepare the compounds of the present invention will be evident to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the various steps in the synthesis may be performed in an alternate sequence in order to give the desired compound or compounds. Examples of compounds of the present invention prepared by methods described in the general schemes are given in the preparations and examples section set out hereinafter. Preparation of homochiral examples may be carried out by techniques known to one skilled in the art. For example, homochiral compounds may be prepared by separation of racemic products by chiral phase preparative HPLC. Alternatively, the example compounds may be prepared by methods known to give enantiomerically enriched products.
The reactions and techniques described in this section are performed in solvents appropriate to the reagents and materials employed and are suitable for the transformations being effected. Also, in the description of the synthetic methods described below, it is to be understood that all proposed reaction conditions, including choice of solvent, reaction atmosphere, reaction temperature, duration of the experiment and work up procedures, are chosen to be the conditions standard for that reaction, which should be readily recognized by one skilled in the art. It is understood by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis that the functionality present on various portions of the molecule must be compatible with the reagents and reactions proposed. Such restrictions to the substituents that are compatible with the reaction conditions will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art and alternate methods must then be used. This will sometimes require a judgment to modify the order of the synthetic steps or to select one particular process scheme over another in order to obtain a desired compound of the invention. It will also be recognized that another major consideration in the planning of any synthetic route in this field is the judicious choice of the protecting group used for protection of the reactive functional groups present in the compounds described in this invention. An authoritative account describing the many alternatives to the trained practitioner is Greene et al. (Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, Wiley and Sons (1999) ) .
ABBREVIATIONS
AcOH Acetic acid
DIEA N-Diisopropylethylamine
DIPEA N-Diisopropylethylamine
DCM Dichloromethane
DMF N, N-Dimethylformamide
DMA N, N-Dimethylacetamide
DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
dppf 1, 1’-Bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene
EtOAc Ethyl acetate
EtOH Ethanol
h Hour (s)
HCl Hydrogen chloride
Hz/MHz Hertz/Mega Hertz
LC-MS Liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry
M molar per liter
MeOH Methanol
CH3OH Methanol
min Minute
mL/L Milliliter /Liter
mmol Millimol
ppm Parts per million
RT Room temperature -in Celsius
Rt Retention time
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
THF Tetrahydrofuran
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α
UPLC Ultra performance liquid chromatography
NaHCO3 Sodium bicarbonate
Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate
NaOH Sodium hydroxide
NaCl Sodium chloride
Na2SO4 Sodium sulfate
MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate
tBuOK Potassium t-butoxide
KOtBu Potassium t-butoxide
NaOAc Sodium acetate
AcOK Potassium acetate
KOAc Potassium acetate
K2CO3 Potassium carbonate
Cs2CO3 Cesium carbonate
CsF Cesium fluoride
TEA Triethylamine
Et3N Triethylamine
CDI 1, 1'-Carbonyldiimidazole
NCS N-Chlorosuccinimide
NH2OH·HCl Hydroxylamine hydrochloride
N2H4·H2O Hydrazine hydrate
CH3CN Acetonitrile
KOH Potassium hydroxide
K3PO4 Tripotassium Orthophosphate
K2HPO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
CuCl Cuprous chloride
Dibal-H Diisobutylaluminum hydride
TMSCN Trimethylsilyl cyanide
ZnI2 Zinc iodide
SnCl2 Stannous chloride
DPPA Diphenylphosphoryl azide
DBU l, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
PMe3 Trimethylphosphine
Co2 (CO) 8 Cobalt carbonyl
KHMDS Potassium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide
MeI Iodomethane
tBuONO tert-Butyl nitrite
B2Pin2 Bis (pinacolato) diboron
Pd (XantPhos) Cl2 dichloro [9, 9-dimethyl-4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) xanthene] palladium (Ⅱ)
XPhos Pd G3 Methanesulfonato (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 4', 6'-tri-i-propyl-1, 1'-
biphenyl) (2'-amino-1, 1'-biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II)
Pd (dppf) Cl2 [1, 1'-Bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II)
ABBREVIATIONS
AcOH Acetic acid
DIEA N-Diisopropylethylamine
DIPEA N-Diisopropylethylamine
DCM Dichloromethane
DMF N, N-Dimethylformamide
DMA N, N-Dimethylacetamide
DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
dppf 1, 1’-Bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene
EtOAc Ethyl acetate
EtOH Ethanol
h Hour (s)
HCl Hydrogen chloride
Hz/MHz Hertz/Mega Hertz
LC-MS Liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry
M molar per liter
MeOH Methanol
CH3OH Methanol
min Minute
mL/L Milliliter /Liter
mmol Millimol
ppm Parts per million
RT Room temperature -in Celsius
Rt Retention time
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
THF Tetrahydrofuran
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α
UPLC Ultra performance liquid chromatography
NaHCO3 Sodium bicarbonate
Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate
NaOH Sodium hydroxide
NaCl Sodium chloride
Na2SO4 Sodium sulfate
MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate
tBuOK Potassium t-butoxide
KOtBu Potassium t-butoxide
NaOAc Sodium acetate
AcOK Potassium acetate
KOAc Potassium acetate
K2CO3 Potassium carbonate
Cs2CO3 Cesium carbonate
CsF Cesium fluoride
TEA Triethylamine
Et3N Triethylamine
CDI 1, 1'-Carbonyldiimidazole
NCS N-Chlorosuccinimide
NH2OH·HCl Hydroxylamine hydrochloride
N2H4·H2O Hydrazine hydrate
CH3CN Acetonitrile
KOH Potassium hydroxide
K3PO4 Tripotassium Orthophosphate
K2HPO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
CuCl Cuprous chloride
Dibal-H Diisobutylaluminum hydride
TMSCN Trimethylsilyl cyanide
ZnI2 Zinc iodide
SnCl2 Stannous chloride
DPPA Diphenylphosphoryl azide
DBU l, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
PMe3 Trimethylphosphine
Co2 (CO) 8 Cobalt carbonyl
KHMDS Potassium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide
MeI Iodomethane
tBuONO tert-Butyl nitrite
B2Pin2 Bis (pinacolato) diboron
Pd (XantPhos) Cl2 dichloro [9, 9-dimethyl-4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) xanthene] palladium (Ⅱ)
XPhos Pd G3 Methanesulfonato (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 4', 6'-tri-i-propyl-1, 1'-
biphenyl) (2'-amino-1, 1'-biphenyl-2-yl) palladium (II)
Pd (dppf) Cl2 [1, 1'-Bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium (II)
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Synthesis of intermediate (7R, 14R) -11-chloro-1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-
dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (INT1)
Step 1: To 2-bromo-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde (50 g, 0.249 mol) in acetonitrile (150 mL) was
added a solution of potassium hydroxide (35 g, 0.622 mol) in water (50 mL) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 15 minutes, then diethyl (bromodifluoromethyl) phosphonate (99.6 g, 0.373 mol) was added at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The solvents were concentrated under reduced pressure. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layers were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-2%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford compound INT-a (38.1 g, 61%) as a yellow oil.
Step 2: To a solution of compound INT-a (38.1 g, 0.152 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) at 0℃ were
added (S) - (-) -tert-butylsulfinamide (22.1 g, 0.182 mol) , K3PO4 (64.4 g, 0.304 mol) and K2HPO4 (52.9 g, 0.304 mol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then the solvents were concentrated under reduced pressure. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layers were concentrated to afford compound INT-b (34.6 g, 64%) as a yellow oil, which was used without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] + : 354, 356.
Step 3: Zinc powder (38.3 g, 0.586 mol) was taken up in 1N HCl solution (50 mL) , stirred for 10
minutes and decanted. The zinc dust powder was washed with water (3 × 30 mL) and decanted. The powder was further washed with acetone (3 × 30 mL) , decanted and dried under vacuum. To the resulting activated zinc dust in dry THF (50 mL) was added CuCl (14.5 g, 0.147 mol) and the reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and ethyl bromoacetate (32.6 g, 0.195 mol) in THF (30 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0℃ and compound INT-b (34.6 g, 98 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight, then filtered through celite and washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL) . Water (50 mL) was added and it was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layer was washed with 1N citric acid (20 mL) , water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layers were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-20%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford compound INT-c (31.6 g, 73%) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 442, 444.
Step 4: To a solution of compound INT-c (31.56 g, 71.4 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane was added HCl
(4N in water, 15 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, adjusted pH>8 using saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layer was concentrated to afford compound INT-d (24.0 g) as a yellow oil, which was used without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 338, 340.
Step 5: To a solution of compound INT-d (24.0 g, 71.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) were
added potassium carbonate (14.71 g, 106.4 mmol) and 4-chloro-2-fluoro-1-nitrobenzene (14.95 g, 85.2 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layer was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-10%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford compound INT-e (22.8 g, 65%) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 493, 495.
Step 6: To a solution of compound INT-e (22.83 g, 46.24 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL) at -78℃
was added diisobutylaluminum hydride (92.5 mL, 1M, 92.5 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at -78℃, then quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, then filtered through celite and washed with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layers were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-12%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the compound INT-f (8.5 g, 41%) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 449.
Step 7: To a solution of compound INT-f (15.3 g, 34.03 mmol) in dichloromethane (150 mL)
were added ZnI2 (1.09 g, 3.40 mmol) , triethylamine (344 mg, 3.40 mmol) and trimethylsilyl cyanide (6.75 g, 68.06 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then quenched with water (30 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layer was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-20%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the compound INT-g (15.21 g, 94%) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 548.
Step 8: To a solution of compound INT-g (15.21 g, 31.91 mmol) in EtOH (150 mL) was added
SnCl2 (30.25 g, 195.55 mmol) . The reaction mixture was heated at 80℃ overnight, then quenched with water and adjusted pH to 7~8 with KOH (1N in water) . The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layer was concentrated to afford compound INT-h (10.7 g) as a yellow solid, which was used without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 429.
Step 9: To a solution of compound INT-h (3.0 g, 6.98 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was added
diphenylphosphoryl azide (2.88 g, 10.47 mmol) , and l, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (1.59 g, 10.47 mmol) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then heated at 50℃ for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-21%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford compound INT-i (1.24 g) as a brown oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 454.
Step 10: The compound INT-i (1.24 g, 2.73 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of THF (20 mL)
and water (1 mL) . A solution of trimethylphosphine (1.0M in THF, 5.46 mL, 5.46 mmol) was then added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layers were concentrated to afford compound INT-j (1.13 g, 97%) as a brown solid, which was used without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 428.
Step 11: Compound INT-j (1.13 g, 2.64 mmol) , potassium carbonate (547 mg, 3.95 mmol) ,
dichloro [9, 9-dimethyl-4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino) xanthene] palladium (Ⅱ) (102 mg, 0.18 mmol) and cobalt carbonyl (901 mg, 2.64 mmol) were combined in dry dimethyl sulfoxide (20 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 100℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-3%dichloromethane in methanol) to afford the compound INT-k (397 mg, 40%) as a brown solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 376.
Step 12: To a solution of compound INT-k (60 mg, 0.16 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at -78℃
was added potassium bis (trimethylsilyl) amide (1M in THF, 0.24 mL, 0.24 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 1 hour prior to the addition of iodomethane (34 mg, 0.24 mmol) , then warm to room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to afford compound INT1 (54 mg) as a yellow oil, which was used without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 390.
Example 2: Synthesis of intermediate (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4, 4, 5, 5-
tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (INT2)
Step 1: The mixture of compound INT1 (400 mg, 1.03 mmol) , bis (pinacolato) diboron (391 mg,
1.5 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (130 mg, 0.15 eq) , potassium acetate (201 mg, 2 eq) and 1, 4-dioxane (8 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 5h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound INT2 (290 mg, 58%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 482.
Example 3: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1H-imidazol-4-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (1)
Step 1: Compound 1a (3.5g) was dissolved in formamide (14 mL) . The mixture was stirred at
140 ℃ for 24 hours. The resulting mixture was diluted with EA, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, water and saturated aqueous NaCl, dried over Na2SO4. The mixture was concentrated to afford the crude product compound 1b as a yellow liquid, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 223.
Step 2: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (85 mg, 0.1 mmol, 0.1 eq) , AcOK (196 mg, 2 mmol, 2 eq)
and 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) was added compound 1b (223 mg, 1 mmol, 1.0 eq) and bis(pinacolato) diboron (508 mg, 2 mmol, 2.0 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to afford compound 1c (24 mg, 9%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 271.
Step 3: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (4 mg, 0.004 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (25 mg, 0.076 mmol,
2.0 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) were added compound 1c (13 mg, 0.046 mmol, 1.2 eq) and compound INT1 (15 mg, 0.038 mmol, 1.0 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1H-imidazol-4-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (1) (6.47 mg, 34%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 498. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.17 (s, 1H) , 8.28 –8.19 (m, 1H) , 7.87 –7.81 (m, 2H) , 7.74 –7.62 (m, 5H) , 7.57 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 7.52 –7.43 (m, 3H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.20 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.55 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.79 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 4: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-2-yl) phenyl) -
6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (2)
Step 1: The mixture of compound INT2 (13 mg, 0.027 mmol) , compound 2a (9.7 mg, 1.5 eq) ,
XPhos Pd G3 (4.6 mg, 0.2 eq) , Cs2CO3 (17.6 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 90 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-2-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (2) (4.6 mg, 33%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 515. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 8.35 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.00 –7.94 (m, 2H) , 7.86 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.79 (dd, J = 1.8, 0.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 –7.66 (m, 3H) , 7.59 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.40 (m, 2H) , 7.30 (t, J = 73.1 Hz, 1H) , 6.38 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.18 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 –3.49 (m, 1H) , 3.47 (s, 3H) , 2.87 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 5: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-
6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (3)
Step 1: Compound INT2 (20 mg, 0.042 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 3a (6 mg, 0.021 mmol, 1.2
eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (4 mg, 0.0042 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (27 mg, 0.084 mmol, 2.0 eq) and dioxane/H2O (2/0.2 mL) were combined in a 4 mL flask under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 90 ℃ for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solvents were removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography. The obtained product was further purified by preparative-HPLC to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (3) (5.23 mg, 25%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 499. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.00 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 8.26 –8.22 (m, 1H) , 7.99 –7.95 (m, 2H) , 7.76 –7.74 (m, 1H) , 7.74 –7.72 (m, 2H) , 7.71 –7.64 (m, 2H) , 7.54 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 7.21 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.44 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 6: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (oxazol-4-yl) phenyl) -
6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (4)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 4a (16.8 mg, 0.075 mmol, 1.5 eq) , compound
INT2 (24 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (4.2 mg, 0.005 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (32.6 mg, 0.1 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (oxazol-4-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (4) (11 mg, 40%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 499. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.68 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.46 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H) , 8.27 –8.18 (m, 1H) , 7.88 –7.84 (m, 2H) , 7.70 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 3H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.51 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.20 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.79 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 7: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (5)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 5a (32 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1, 4-
phenylenediboronic acid (166 mg, 1.0mmol, 5.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (17 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Na2CO3 (42.4 mg, 0.4 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 5b (20 mg, 50%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 207.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 5b (2 0mg, 0.1 mmol, 1.5 eq) , compound INT1
(23 mg, 0.06 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (10 mg, 0.012 mmol, 0.2 eq) , Na2CO3 (13 mg, 0.12 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (5) (13 mg, 42%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 516. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.96 (s, 1H) , 8.28 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 8.15 –8.09 (m, 2H) , 7.82 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.80 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.74 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.71 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.64 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.57 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.28 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.57 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 8: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isothiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (6)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 6a (32 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1, 4-
phenylenediboronic acid (166 mg, 1.0mmol, 5.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (17 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Na2CO3 (42.4 mg, 0.4 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 6b (25 mg, 60%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 206.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 6b (8.2 mg, 0.04 mmol, 2.0 eq) , compound
INT1 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (3.3 mg, 0.004 mmol, 0.2 eq) , Na2CO3 (4.2 mg, 0.04 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4-(isothiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (6) (6 mg, 50%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 515. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.15 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H) , 8.28 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 8.14 –8.07 (m, 2H) , 8.01 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H) , 7.71 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.56 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 9: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -
6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (7)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 7a (65 mg, 0.4 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1, 4-
phenylenediboronic acid (332 mg, 2.0 mmol, 5.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (33.8 mg, 0.04 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Na2CO3 (84.8 mg, 0.8 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 7b (30 mg, 0.15 mmol, 37%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 206.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 7b (8.2 mg, 0.04 mmol, 2.0 eq) , compound
INT1 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (3.3 mg, 0.004 mmol, 0.2 eq) , Na2CO3 (4.2 mg, 0.04 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was heated at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (7) (4.8 mg, 50%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 515. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.08 (s, 1H) , 8.37 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 1H) , 8.29 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 7.79 –7.74 (m, 2H) , 7.71 –7.65 (m, 4H) , 7.64 (t, J =73.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.51 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.55 –3.41 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.79 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 10: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (isothiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (8)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 8a (18 mg, 0.075 mmol, 1.5 eq) , compound
INT2 (24 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (4.2 mg, 0.005 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (32.6 mg, 0.1 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4-(isothiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (8) (19 mg, 74%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 515. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.59 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.28 –8.17 (m, 1H) , 7.85 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.84 –7.81 (m, 2H) , , 7.73 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.72 –7.71 (m, 2H) , 7.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.64 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.43 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 11: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (6- (thiazol-5-yl) pyridin-
3-yl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (9)
Step 1: compound 9a (200 mg, 0.70 mmol) , compound 9b (149 mg, 0.70 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2
(26 mg, 0.04 mol) and cesium carbonate (459 mg, 1.41 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (20 mL) and water (2 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hour under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-25%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford the compound 9c (100 mg, 65%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 241.
Step 2: Compound INT2 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 9c (15 mg, 0.06 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2
(2 mg, 0.002 mol) and cesium carbonate (20 mg, 0.06 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and water (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 1 hour under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (6- (thiazol-5-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (9) (6.2 mg, 39%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 516. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.13 (s, 1H) , 8.82 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.63 (s, 1H) , 8.26 –8.21 (m, 1H) , 8.09 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.72 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.72 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.58 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.45 (s, 1H) , 6.28 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.52 –3.44 (m, 1H) , 3.30 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 12: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (10)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 10a (109 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 10b
(164 mg, 1.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (21 mg, 0.025 mmol, 0.05 eq) , Cs2CO3 (244 mg, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 10c (20 mg, 16%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 258.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 10c (15.5 mg, 0.06 mmol, 2.0 eq) , compound
INT2 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (2.5 mg, 0.003 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (19 mg, 0.06 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (thiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (10) (5.4 mg, 33%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 533. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.19 (s, 1H) , 8.42 (s, 1H) , 8.29 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 7.92 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.72 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.64 –7.53 (m, 3H) , 7.48 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.56 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 13: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (4-methylthiazol-5-
yl)phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (11)
Step 1: The mixture of compound 11a (200 mg, 1.1 mmol) , 1, 4-phenylenediboronic acid (931
mg, 5 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (95 mg, 0.1 eq) , Na2CO3 (178 mg, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (12 mL) and H2O (1.2 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 3h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound 11b (155 mg, 63%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 220.
Step 2: The mixture of compound INT1 (10 mg, 0.025 mmol) , compound 11b (14 mg, 2.5 eq) ,
XPhos Pd G3 (4.3 mg, 0.2 eq) , Cs2CO3 (17 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (0.5 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 1h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (11) (7.9 mg, 60%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 529. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.03 (s, 1H) , 8.32 –8.23 (m, 1H) , 7.76 –7.69 (m, 4H) , 7.67 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.62 –7.58 (m, 2H) , 7.55 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.51 –7.47 (m, 2H) , 6.30 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.25 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 –3.46 (m, 1H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 2.83 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.52 (s, 3H) .
Example 14: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylthiazol-5-
yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (12)
Step 1: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (52 mg, 0.06 mmol, 0.05 eq) , Cs2CO3 (800 mg, 2.46 mmol,
2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) were added compound 12a (200 mg, 1.23 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound 12b (246 mg, 1.23 mmol, 1.0 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to afford compound 12c (36 mg, 12%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 254.
Step 2: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (2 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (14 mg, 0.041 mmol,
2.0 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) were added compound 12c (6 mg, 0.025 mmol, 1.2 eq) and compound INT2 (10 mg, 0.021 mmol, 1.0 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (12) (3.33 mg, 30%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 529. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.27 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 8.08 (s, 1H) , 7.71 –7.61 (m, 7H) , 7.50 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.20 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.79 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.66 (s, 3H) .
Example 15: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-
methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (13)
Step1: Compound 13a (500 mg, 2.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF-DMA (5 mL) was heated at 80 ℃
for 1 hour. The DMF-DMA was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue (compound 13b) was used for the next step without purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 255.
Step2: To a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (200 mg, 2.90 mmol, 1.5 eq) in a mixture
of aqueous 5 N sodium hydroxide solution (2 mL) , AcOH (10 mL) and dioxane (10 mL) was added compound 13b (490 mg, 1.93 mmol, 1.0 eq) . The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins, and white solid was formed, then the solution was heated at 80 ℃ for 1 hour. The solvents were removed in vacuo. Water (20 mL) was added, the solution was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL) , the combined organic layer was washed with saturated Na2CO3 (10 mL) and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated, and purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound 13c (130 mg, 0.58 mmol, 30%yield) as a white solid.
Step 3: Compound INT2 (10 mg, 0.021 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 13c (7 mg, 0.031 mmol, 1.5
eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (2 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (14 mg, 0.042 mmol, 2.0 eq) and dioxane/H2O (1/0.1 mL) were combined in a 4 mL flask under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 90 ℃ for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography. The obtained product was further purified by preparative-HPLC to provide compound (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (13) (1.53 mg, 15%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 500. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 8.35 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 8.04 –7.99 (m, 3H) , 7.82 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.63 –7.59 (m, 2H) , 7.56 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.43 (m, 2H) , 7.28 (t, J = 73.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.42 (d, J =7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.18 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.61 –3.53 (m, 1H) , 3.46 (s, 3H) , 2.88 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 16: Synthesis of 5-amino-1- (5- ( (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-5-oxo-
5, 6, 7, 14-tetrahydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-11-yl) pyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (14)
Step 1: A mixture of compound 14a (2.2 g, 18 mmol) , compound 14b (3.4 g, 1 eq) and EtOH
(50 mL) was refluxed at 100 ℃ for 1h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filter cake was washed by EtOH to provide compound 14c (4.3 g, 90%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 264.
Step 2: A mixture of compound INT2 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) , compound 14c (16.5 mg, 3 eq) ,
XPhos Pd G3 (3.5 mg, 0.2 eq) , Cs2CO3 (13.5 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (0.5 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 1h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound 5-amino-1- (5- ( (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-5-oxo-5, 6, 7, 14-tetrahydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-11-yl) pyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (14) (2.8 mg, 26%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 539. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.70 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.30 –8.22 (m, 2H) , 8.14 (s, 2H) , 7.93 (t, J = 4.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.76 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.71 (d, J =1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.56 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 –7.47 (m, 2H) , 6.30 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.25 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 –3.47 (m, 1H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 2.84 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 17: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl) -3-
fluorophenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (15)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 10a (1.0 g, 4.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 15a
(4.3 g, 22.5 mmol, 5 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (190 mg, 0.2 mmol, 0.05 eq) , Cs2CO3 (2.2 g, 6.7 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL ) , and H2O (1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 15b (15 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 286.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 15b (15 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.25 eq) , compound
INT2 (20 mg, 0.04 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (3.4 mg, 0.004 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (16.3 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.25 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl) -3-fluorophenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (15) (17 mg, 75%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 561. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.24 (p, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 –7.68 (m, 2H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.59 –7.56 (m, 1H) , 7.56 –7.54 (m, 1H) , 7.53 –7.52 (m, 1H) , , 7.46 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.43 (m, 1H) , , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.62 (s, 3H) , 2.27 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H) .
Example 18: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (2-methylthiazol-5-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (16)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 10a (1.0 g, 4.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 16a
(4.0 g, 22.5 mmol, 5 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (190 mg, 0.2 mmol, 0.05 eq) , Cs2CO3 (2.2 g, 6.7 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL ) , and H2O (1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 16b (120 mg, 0.44 mmol, 10%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 272.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 16b (8 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.5 eq) , compound
INT2 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (2 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (9.8 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL ) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (2-methylthiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (16) (4.55 mg, 40%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 547. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 8.13 (s, 1H) , 7.89 –7.80 (m, 1H) , 7.71 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.66 (t, J =73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 –7.54 (m, 2H) , 7.53 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.55 –3.40 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.68 (s, 3H) .
Example 19: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methylisothiazol-5-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (17)
Step 1: Compound 17a (200 mg, 1.12 mmol) , compound 10a (82 mg, 0.37 mmol) , XPhos Pd G3
(45 mg, 0.06 mmol) and cesium carbonate (732 mg, 2.25 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (15 mL) and water (2 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford the compound 17b (30 mg, 29%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 272, 274.
Step 2: Compound INT2 (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) , compound 17b (24 mg, 0.08 mmol) , XPhos Pd
G3 (3 mg, 0.004 mmol) and cesium carbonate (25 mg, 0.08 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methylisothiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (17) (10.1 mg, 59%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 547. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.24 (p, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H) , 8.00 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.77 (s, 1H) , 7.73 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.66 (t, J = 73.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.64 (dd, J = 12.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.58 (t, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.46 (s, 1H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.45 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 3.30 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 20: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (5-methylisoxazol-3-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (18)
Step 1: To a solution of compound 18a (10.0 g, 49.26 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) were added
hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.8 g, 54.18 mmol) and pyridine (11.7 g, 147.78 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-12%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford compound 18b (7.4 g, 69%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 218.
Step 2: To a solution of compound 18b (524 mg, 2.40 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added N-
chlorosuccinimide (353 mg, 2.64 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 ×30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure to afford compound 18c (610 mg, 48%yield) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 257.
Step 3: To a solution of compound 18c (524 mg, 2.40 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added
isopropenyl acetate (353 mg, 2.64 mmol) and TEA (353 mg, 2.64 mmol) at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure to afford compound 18d (400 mg, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used without purification in the next step. LCMS: [M+H] +: 256.
Step 4: Compound INT2 (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) , compound 18d (24 mg, 0.08 mmol) , XPhos Pd
G3 (3 mg, 0.004 mmol) and cesium carbonate (25 mg, 0.08 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (5-methylisoxazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (18) (3.2 mg, 22%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 531. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.26 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 7.91 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (t, J = 72.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.63 –7.58 (m, 2H) , 7.57 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.67 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.53 –3.44 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 21: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-
oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (19)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 19a (30.1 mg, 0.12 mmol, 1.2 eq) , compound
INT2 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (8.5 mg, 0.01 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (39.1 mg, 0.12 mmol, 1.2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (3 mL) and H2O (0.3 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (19) (9.8 mg, 18%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 532. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.23 (p, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H) , 8.13 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.77 –7.72 (m, 2H) , 7.71 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 –7.65 (m, 2H) , 7.61 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.43 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.81 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.42 (s, 3H) .
Example 22: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (20)
Step1: Compound 20a (300 mg, 1.38 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF-DMA (5 mL) was heated at 80 ℃
for 1 hour. The DMF-DMA was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue (compound 20b) was used without purification in the next step. LCMS: [M+H] +: 273.
Step2: To a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (142 mg, 2.06 mmol, 1.5 eq) in a mixture
of aqueous 5 N sodium hydroxide solution (2 mL) , AcOH (10 mL) and dioxane (10 mL) was added compound 20b (375 mg, 1.38 mmol, 1.0 eq) . The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, and white solid was formed, then the solution was heated at 80 ℃ for 1 hour. The solvents were removed in vacuo. Water (20 mL) was added, and the solution was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL) . The combined organic layer was washed with saturated Na2CO3 solution (10 mL) , brine, and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound 20c (67 mg, 0.28 mmol, 20%yield) as a white solid. No LCMS signal
Step 3: Compound INT2 (11 mg, 0.023 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 20c (8 mg, 0.034 mmol, 1.5
eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (2 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (15 mg, 0.046 mmol, 2.0 eq) and dioxane/H2O (1/0.1 mL) were combined in a 4 mL flask under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 80 ℃ for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solvents were removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography. The obtained product was further purified by preparative-HPLC to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (3-fluoro-4- (1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (20) (1.77 mg, 15%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 518. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 8.80 (s, 1H) , 8.35 (dd, J = 7.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H) , 8.23 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.90 (d, J =1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.73 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.68 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.66 –7.65 (m, 1H) , 7.63 –7.62 (m, 1H) , 7.52 –7.42 (m, 3H) , 6.45 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.59 –3.53 (m, 1H) , 3.46 (s, 3H) , 2.90 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 23: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-
oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (21)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 21a (400 mg, 2 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 1, 1-
dimethoxy-N, N-dimethylethanamine (532 mg, 4 mmol, 2.0 eq) . The reaction was stirred at 125 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, and extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL×3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to provide compound 21b as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 269.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 21b, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (208 mg, 3
mmol, 1.5 eq) , dioxane (3 mL) , NaOH (4 M solution in H2O, 3 mL) and AcOH (5 mL) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h, then heated at 90 ℃ for 4h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The majority of solvents were removed in vacuo, and the residue was adjusted pH to 8 with Na2CO3 solution. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL×3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 21c (310 mg, 1.3 mmol, 65%yield2steps) as a white solid.
Step 3: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 21c (5.7 mg, 0.024 mmol, 1.2 eq) , compound
INT2 (12 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (1.7 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (7.8 mg, 0.024 mmol, 1.2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 6 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (3-methyl-1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (21) (2.4 mg, 20%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 514. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.29 –8.18 (m, 1H) , 8.16 –8.10 (m, 2H) , 7.86 –7.81 (m, 2H) , 7.75 –7.70 (m, 2H) , 7.64 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.57 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.56 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.40 (s, 3H) .
Example 24: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-5-
yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (22)
Step 1: Compound 22a (1.00 g, 6.29 mmol) , 1, 4-phenylenebisboronic acid (1.04 g, 6.29 mmol) ,
Pd (dppf) Cl2 (230 mg, 0.31 mol) and cesium carbonate (4.10 g, 12.58 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (30 mL) and water (3 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound 22b (20 mg, 2%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 201.
Step 2: Compound INT1 (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) , compound 22b (15 mg, 0.08 mmol) , XPhos Pd
G3 (3 mg, 0.004 mol) and cesium carbonate (25 mg, 0.08 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7,14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (22) (6.9 mg, 35%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 510. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.18 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 3H) , 8.28 –8.22 (m, 1H) , 7.91 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 7.77 (s, 1H) , 7.76 –7.72 (m, 2H) , 7.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.64 (td, J = 73.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.55 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.52 –3.47 (m, 1H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 25: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrazin-2-yl) phenyl) -
6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (23)
Step 1: Compound 23a (1.00 g, 8.73 mmol) , 1, 4-phenylenebisboronic acid (1.45 g, 8.73 mmol) ,
Pd (dppf) Cl2 (319 mg, 0.44 mol) and cesium carbonate (5.69 g, 17.46 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (30 mL) and water (3 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 1 hour under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound 23b (50 mg, 3%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 201.
Step 2: Compound INT1 (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) , compound 23b (15 mg, 0.08 mmol) , XPhos Pd
G3 (3 mg, 0.004 mol) and cesium carbonate (25 mg, 0.08 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrazin-2-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (23) (1.1 mg, 6%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 510. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.31 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.73 –8.69 (m, 1H) , 8.59 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H) , 8.37 (s, 1H) , 8.26 -8.20 (m, 3H) , 7.78 –7.76 (m, 1H) , 7.75 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.56 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.47 (m, 1H) , 7.46 (s, 1H) , 6.28 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.51 –3.49 (m, 1H) , 3.30 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 26: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-4-
yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (24)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 24a (1 g, 5 mmol, 1.0 eq) , s-triazine (810 mg,
10 mmol, 2 eq) , morpholine (87 mg, 1 mmol, 0.2 eq) , Et3N (50 mg, 0.5 mmol, 0.1 eq) and MeOH (5 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 90 ℃ for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 24b (660 mg, 2.8 mmol, 56%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 235.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 24b (5.6 mg, 0.024 mmol, 1.2 eq) , compound
INT2 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (1.7 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (13 mg, 0.04 mmol, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 8 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (pyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (24) (2.4 mg, 20%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 510. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.23 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 8.84 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.32 –8.27 (m, 2H) , 8.27 –8.21 (m, 1H) , 8.15 (dd, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.81 –7.74 (m, 3H) , 7.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.64 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.57 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.42 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.56 –3.45 (m, 1H)2.80 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 27: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-amino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1-
(difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (25)
Step 1: The mixture of compound 14c (520 mg, 2 mmol) and HCl (6 mL) was refluxed at
100 ℃ for 18h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and filtered. The filtrate was added NaOH (10 M solution in H2O) and filtered again. The filter cake was collected and purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound 25a (28 mg, 6%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 239, 241.
Step 2: The mixture of compound INT2 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 25a (15 mg, 2 eq) ,
XPhos Pd G3 (5.3 mg, 0.2 eq) , Cs2CO3 (20 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-amino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (25) (7.27 mg, 47%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 514. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.65 (dd, J = 2.6, 0.7 Hz, 1H) , 8.31 –8.23 (m, 1H) , 8.18 (dd, J =8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.94 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.75 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.71 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.68 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.56 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 –7.46 (m, 2H) , 7.39 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.84 (s, 2H) , 6.31 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.43 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.25 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.59 –3.47 (m, 1H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 2.84 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 28: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (3-amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1-
(difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (26)
Step 1: A mixture of compound 26a (800 mg, 4.06 mmol) , N, N-dimethylformamide dimethyl
acetal (4 mL) and toluene (4 mL) was heated at 110 ℃ for 3h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound 26b (800 mg, 78%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 252.
Step 2: A mixture of compound 26b (480 mg, 1.9 mmol) , hydrazine hydrate (287 mg, 4 eq) ,
EtOH (6 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was heated at 80 ℃ for 6h. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The crude residue was extracted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 26c (150 mg, 33%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 239.
Step 3: A mixture of compound INT2 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 26c (15 mg, 2 eq) ,
Pd (dppf) Cl2 (5 mg, 0.3 eq) , CsF (9.5 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 3h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (3-amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (26) (4.3 mg, 28%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 514. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.84 (s, 1H) , 8.71 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.33 –8.21 (m, 1H) , 7.92 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.75 –7.61 (m, 4H) , 7.55 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.51 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.30 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.24 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 –3.48 (m, 1H) , 2.83 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 29: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1-
(difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (27)
Step 1: A solution of compound 27a (1.2 g, 6.1 mmol) in DMF (12 mL) was added t-BuOK (4.7
mL, 1.8 M solution in THF, 1.4 eq) dropwise under nitrogen at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at 0 ℃. Then, tert-butyl nitrite (941 mg, 1.5 eq) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction mixture was quenched with HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to provide compound 27b (1.6 g, 99%yield) as a brown solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 226.
Step 2: A mixture of compound 27b (3 mmol) , hydroxylamine (1 mL, 50%in water) , and
MeOH (8 mL) was heated at 40 ℃ for 3h. The reaction mixture was concentrated. To the crude residue was added THF (8 mL) and CDI (729 mg, 1.5 eq) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 27c (395 mg, 54%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 241.
Step 3: A mixture of compound INT2 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 27c (15 mg, 2 eq) , XPhos
Pd G3 (5.3 mg, 0.2 eq) , Cs2CO3 (20 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 3h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (27) (3 mg, 19%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 516. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.99 (dd, J = 2.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H) , 8.32 –8.22 (m, 2H) , 8.22 –8.16 (m, 1H) , 7.81 –7.77 (m, 2H) , 7.67 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.63 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.55 –7.46 (m, 2H) , 6.80 (s, 2H) , 6.32 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.59 –3.47 (m, 1H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 2.84 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 30: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-aminoisoxazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1-
(difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (28)
Step 1: A mixture of compound 28a (730 mg, 3.2 mmol) , hydroxylamine hydrochloride (451 mg,
2 eq) , sodium acetate (532 mg, 2 eq) and EtOH (8 mL) was heated at 80 ℃ for 3h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 28b (65 mg, 8%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 240.
Step 2: A mixture of compound INT2 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 28b (15 mg, 2 eq) , XPhos
Pd G3 (5.3 mg, 0.2 eq) , Cs2CO3 (20 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -11- (6- (5-aminoisoxazol-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (28) (3.8 mg, 24%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 515. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.30 –8.22 (m, 2H) , 7.98 (dd, J = 9.3, 2.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.71 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.56 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.51 –7.46 (m, 2H) , 7.40 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.18 (s, 1H) , 7.13 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.76 (s, 2H) , 6.28 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.24 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.57 –3.45 (m, 1H) , 2.82 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 31: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxy-4-methylpyrimidin-
5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (29)
Step 1: Compound 29a (230 mg, 1.13 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1, 4-phenylenebisboronic acid (940 mg,
5.67 mmol, 5.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (96 mg, 0.11 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (736 mg, 2.27 mmol, 2.0 eq) and dioxane/H2O (10/1 mL) were combined in a 40 mL flask under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 80 ℃ overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solvents were removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound 29b (110 mg, 0.45 mmol, 40%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 245.
Step 2: Compound INT1 (15 mg, 0.038 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 29b (14 mg, 0.058 mmol, 1.5
eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (3 mg, 0.004 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (25 mg, 0.077 mmol, 2.0 eq) and dioxane/H2O (2/0.2 mL) were combined in a 4 mL flask under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 ℃ for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solvents were removed in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography. The obtained product was further purified by preparative-HPLC to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxy-4-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (29) (9.35 mg, 45%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 554. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.43 (s, 1H) , 8.28 –8.22 (m, 1H) , 7.73 –7.67 (m, 4H) , 7.63 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.55 –7.43 (m, 5H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.20 (d, J = 7.1, 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.92 (s, 3H) , 3.55 –3.44 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.79 (d, J = 13.8, 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.41 (s, 3H) .
Example 32: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (30)
Step 1: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (45 mg, 0.05 mmol, 0.05 eq) , Cs2CO3 (690 mg, 2.12 mmol,
2.0 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) were added compound 30a (200 mg, 1.06 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 1, 4-phenylenediboronic acid (350 mg, 2.12 mmol, 2.0 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford compound 30b (78 mg, 32%yield) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 231.
Step 2: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (2 mg, 0.003 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (17 mg, 0.05 mmol,
2.0 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) were added compound INT1 (10 mg, 0.026 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound 30b (7 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.2 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (30) (2.32 mg, 17%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 540. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.98 (s, 2H) , 8.24 (p, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.85 –7.79 (m, 2H) , 7.75 –7.66 (m, 4H) , 7.63 (t, J = 73.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.95 (s, 3H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 33: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (31)
Step 1: A mixture of compound 31a (370 mg, 1.7 mmol) , 1, 4-phenylenediboronic acid (1.4 g, 5
eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (143 mg, 0.1 eq) , Na2CO3 (358 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was heated at 80 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 3h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound 31b (180 mg, 41%yield) as a gray solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 261.
Step 2: A mixture of compound INT1 (12 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 31b (16 mg, 2 eq) , XPhos
Pd G3 (8 mg, 0.3 eq) , Cs2CO3 (25 mg, 2.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2, 4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (31) (13.6 mg, 80%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 570. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.45 (s, 1H) , 8.32 –8.23 (m, 1H) , 7.75 –7.66 (m, 5H) , 7.66 –7.62 (m, 2H) , 7.54 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.52 –7.48 (m, 2H) , 6.30 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.25 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.97 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 6H) , 3.58 –3.47 (m, 1H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 2.83 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 34: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (4-methoxypyrimidin-5-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (32)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 32a (378mg, 2 mmol, 1.0 eq) , 1, 4-
phenylenediboronic acid (994.5 mg, 6 mmol, 3.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (85 mg, 0.1 mmol, 0.05 eq) , Cs2CO3 (977.4 mg, 3 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 32b (90 mg, 0.39 mmol, 19%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 231.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 32b (13.8mg, 0.06 mmol, 1.2 eq) , compound
INT1 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (4.2 mg, 0.005 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (19.5 mg, 0.06 mmol, 1.2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (2 mL ) and H2O (0.2 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (4-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (32) (18.5 mg, 68%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 540. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.77 (s, 1H) , 8.62 (s, 1H) , 8.28 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 7.72 –7.70 (m, 2H) , 7.69 –7.67 (m, 4H) , 7.64 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.52 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.97 (s, 3H) , 3.59 –3.41 (m, 1H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 35: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-4-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (33)
Step 1: A mixture of compound 33a (378 mg, 2 mmol) , 1, 4-phenylenediboronic acid (1.6 g, 5
eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (169 mg, 0.1 eq) , Na2CO3 (424 mg, 2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was heated at 80 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 4h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography to provide compound 33b (160 mg, 35%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 231.
Step 2: A mixture of compound INT1 (12 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 33b (14 mg, 2 eq) , XPhos
Pd G3 (8 mg, 0.3 eq) , Cs2CO3 (25 mg, 2.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (0.1 mL) was heated at 100 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (2-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (33) (10 mg, 62%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 540. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.68 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 8.34 –8.24 (m, 3H) , 7.84 –7.77 (m, 4H) , 7.74 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.68 (t, J = 73.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.51 –7.48 (m, 2H) , 6.31 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.25 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.02 (s, 3H) , 3.58 –3.46 (m, 1H) , 3.36 (s, 3H) , 2.84 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 36: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-
yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (34)
Step 1: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (90 mg, 0.1 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (690 mg, 2.12 mmol,
2.0 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) were added compound 34a (200 mg, 1.06 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 1, 4-phenylenediboronic acid (526 mg, 3.18 mmol, 3.0 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford compound 34b (90 mg, 37%yield) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 231.
Step 2: To a mixture of XPhos Pd G3 (2 mg, 0.003 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (17 mg, 0.05 mmol,
2.0 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) were added compound INT1 (10 mg, 0.026 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound 34b (7 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.2 eq) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (34) (4.53 mg, 33%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 540. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.84 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.29 –8.19 (m, 3H) , 7.78 –7.72 (m, 3H) , 7.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.64 (t, J = 73.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.59 –7.51 (m, 2H) , 7.49 –7.43 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.96 (s, 3H) , 3.55 –3.43 (m, 1H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 37: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylpyrimidin-5-
yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (35)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 35a (520 mg, 3 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 35b
(602 mg, 3 mmol, 1 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (126.9 mg, 0.15 mmol, 0.05 eq) , Cs2CO3 (1.47 g, 4.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 35c (40 mg, 0.16 mmol, 5%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 249.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 35c (8 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.5 eq) , compound
INT2 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (2.0 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (9.7 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL ) and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-11- (4- (2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) phenyl) -6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one(35) (4.3 mg, 40%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 524. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.05 (s, 2H) , 8.25 (p, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.89 –7.83 (m, 2H) , 7.76 –7.71 (m, 3H) , 7.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.63 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.44 (m, 1H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) , 2.64 (s, 3H) .
Example 38: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (5- (2-hydroxypropan-2-yl) -
1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (36)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 36a (2 g, 11 mmol, 1.0 eq) , hydroxylamine
hydrochloride (1.1 mg, 16.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) and MeOH (40 mL) . DIEA (2.1 mg, 16.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) was then added at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20mL×2) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to provide compound 36b as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 215.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 36b, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (1.5 g, 12.6
mmol, 1.15 eq) , K2CO3 (1.7 g, 12.6 mmol, 1.15 eq) and toluene (40 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 110 ℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to provide compound 36c (2.8 g, 9.8 mmol, 89%yield2steps) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] +: 283.
Step 3: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 36c (6.8 mg, 0.024 mmol, 1.2 eq) , compound
INT2 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (2.0 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (10 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL ) and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 3 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (4- (5- (2-hydroxypropan-2-yl) -1, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (36) (4.3 mg, 40%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 558. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 8.09 –8.03 (m, 2H) , 7.81 –7.77 (m, 2H) , 7.75 –7.69 (m, 2H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.55 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.27 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 6.10 (s, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 –3.43 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) , 1.60 (s, 6H) .
Example 39: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -1-
(difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (37)
Step 1: To a solution of compound 37a (5.00 g, 25.50 mmol) in THF (40mL) was added sodium
hydride (735 mg, 30.60 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. tert-butyl nitrite (3.16 g, 30.60 mmol) was then added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with water, adjusted pH to 3~4 with HCl, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-10%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford compound 37b (5.39 g, 94%yield) as a white solid.
Step 2: To a solution of compound 37b (5.39 g, 23.95 mmol) in methanol (40mL) was added
hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.83 g, 26.35 mmol) and sodium carbonate (2.79 g, 26.35 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure to afford compound 37c (3.10 g, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used for the next step without purification. LCMS: [M+H] +: 258.
Step 3: To a solution of compound 37c (5.39 g, 23.95 mmol) in THF (20mL) was added 1, 1'-
carbonyldiimidazole (1.83 g, 26.35 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and filtered. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography (0-50%ethyl acetate in petroleum ether) to afford compound 37d (245 mg, 8%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 240, 242.
Step 4: Compound (INT-2) (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) , compound 37d (19 mg, 0.08 mmol) ,
Pd (dppf) Cl2 (3 mg, 0.003 mol) and cesium carbonate (20 mg, 0.06 mmol) were combined in 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and water (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude residue was purified by column chromatography to afford compound (7R, 14R) -11- (4- (4-amino-1, 2, 5-oxadiazol-3-yl) phenyl) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (37) (8.8 mg, 55%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 515. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 –8.20 (m, 1H) , 7.95 –7.89 (m, 4H) , 7.73 –7.63 (m, 5H) , 7.52 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 –7.45 (m, 2H) , 6.26 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 –3.46 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 3H) , 2.79 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
Example 40: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-
yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (38)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 38a (76 mg, 0.37 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 38b
(105.8 mg, 0.56 mmol, 1.5 eq) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (27 mg, 0.037 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (182 mg, 0.56 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (3 mL) and H2O (0.3 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 90 ℃ for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 38c (11 mg, 0.04 mmol, 10%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 266.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 38c (11 mg, 0.042 mmol, 1.2 eq) , compound
INT2 (17 mg, 0.035 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (2.5 mg, 0.003 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (16 mg, 0.05 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (38) (2 mg, 0.004 mmol, 11%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 541. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.97 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.90 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.44 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 8.29 –8.16 (m, 2H) , 7.78 –7.72 (m, 2H) , 7.69 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.49 –7.44 (m, 2H) , 6.28 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.97 (s, 3H) , 3.58 –3.43 (m, 1H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.81 (d, J = 13.8 Hz, 1H) .
Example 41: Synthesis of (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-
yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (39)
Step 1: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 39a (154 mg, 1 mmol, 1.0 eq) , compound 39b
(282.8 mg, 1 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (42.3 mg, 0.05 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (390.9 mg, 1.2 mmol, 1.2 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 90 ℃ for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound 39c (16 mg, 0.06 mmol, 6%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 266.
Step 2: To a 40 mL flask were added compound 39c (8 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.5 eq) , compound
INT2 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol, 1.0 eq) , XPhos Pd G3 (1.7 mg, 0.002 mmol, 0.1 eq) , Cs2CO3 (9.7 mg, 0.03 mmol, 1.5 eq) , 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) , and H2O (0.1 mL) . The reaction was stirred at 100 ℃for 5 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by column chromatography to provide compound (7R, 14R) -1- (difluoromethoxy) -11- (6- (2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl) pyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-6, 7-dihydro-7, 14-methanobenzo [f] benzo [4, 5] imidazo [1, 2-a] [1, 4] diazocin-5 (14H) -one (39) (6.83 mg, 60%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] +: 541. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.28 (s, 2H) , 8.92 (t, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 8.34 –8.19 (m, 1H) , 8.12 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.75 –7.71 (m, 2H) , 7.65 (t, J = 73.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.59 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 –7.43 (m, 2H) , 6.28 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.97 (s, 3H) , 3.58 –3.42 (m, 1H) , 3.33 (s, 3H) , 2.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H) .
BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS
The pharmacological properties of the compounds of this invention may be confirmed by
a number of biological assays. The exemplified biological assays, which follow, have been carried out with compounds of the invention.
Example 41: TNF cell assay
1. L929 cells were seeded in white light-tight 96-well flat plate with a density of 10,000
cells/well.
2. After 20-24 hours, compounds were mixed with 200 pg/mL human TNFα (T&L
Biotechnology) in equal volumes, and this mixture was incubated for 1 hour at 37 ℃.
3. The L929 cell medium was replaced with medium containing 2.22 μg/mL actinomycin D
(MedChemExpress, MCE) , and the final concentration was 2 μg/mL.
4. The mixture of compounds and TNFα was added to the L929 cell, and the final
concentration of compounds were 10,000.00 nM, 3333.33 nM, 1111.11 nM, 370.37 nM, 123.46 nM, 41.15 nM, 13.72 nM, 4.57 nM, and the final concentration of TNFα was 10 pg/mL.
5. The L929 cells were incubated for 18 hours at 37℃, 5%CO2.
6. L929 cytotoxicity was measured by the addition of CellCounting-Lite 2.0 (Vazyme) , and
the luminescence was measured after an incubation of at least 15 min in dark at room temperature.
Activities of compounds are summarized in Table 3 based on the range of IC50: +: >0.2 μM;
++: 0.05-0.2 μM; +++: <0.05 μM.
Table 3: TNFα activities of compounds
Incorporation by Reference
The present application refers to various issued patent, published patent applications, scientific journal articles, and other publications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth herein. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the Detailed Description, the Figures, the Examples, and the Claims.
EQUIVALENTS AND SCOPE
EQUIVALENTS AND SCOPE
In the claims articles such as “a, ” “an, ” and “the” may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include “or” between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The present disclosure includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The present disclosure includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.
Furthermore, the present disclosure encompasses all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, and descriptive terms from one or more of the listed claims is introduced into another claim. For example, any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same base claim. Where elements are presented as lists, e.g., in Markush group format, each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element (s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the present disclosure, or aspects of the present disclosure, is/are referred to as comprising particular elements and/or features, certain embodiments of the present disclosure or aspects of the present disclosure consist, or consist essentially of, such elements and/or features. For purposes of simplicity, those embodiments have not been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. It is also noted that the terms “comprising” and “containing” are intended to be open and permits the inclusion of additional elements or steps. Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or sub-range within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the present disclosure, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
This application refers to various issued patents, published patent applications, journal articles, and other publications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. If there is a conflict between any of the incorporated references and the instant specification, the specification shall control. In addition, any particular embodiment of the present disclosure that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Because such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the present disclosure can be excluded from any claim, for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.
Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. The scope of the present embodiments described herein is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications to this description may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure, as defined in the following claims.
Claims (16)
- A compound of Formula (I) :
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:is absent, a single bond, or a double bond;X is O, or N;Y is CR, O, N, or absent;Ring A is C3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, or 7-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one, or more substituents independently selected from Ra;R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, CR, N, O, S, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;R2, R3, and R4 each is independently H, halo, R, or OR;R5 is Ring B, wherein Ring B is aryl, 5-7 membered heteroaryl, 7-10 membered bicyclic heteroaryl, 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic carbocyclyl, or 5-12 membered saturated or partially unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Rb;Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 each are independently CRc, or N;Ra, Rb, and Rc each is independently R, halo, oxo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’, N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, P (O) RR’, or S (O) 2NRR’;or Ra and Rb are taken together with their intervening atoms to form a 5-to 8-membered carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of R, halo, CN, OR, NHR, NRR’, N (R) C (O) R’, N (R) C (O) OR’, OC (O) NRR’, C (O) R, C (O) NRR’, N (R) S (O) 2R’, S (O) 2R, or S (O) 2NRR’;R, R’ each is independently H, D, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, NHCH3, CH3, OCH3, and CN. - The compound of claim 1, having Formula (IIa) :
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: Ring A, R2, R3, R4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Ra, Rb, Rc, R, and R’ are defined as above,Y is CR, or N;R1 is CR, or N;Ring B is aryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Rb. - The compound of claim 1, having Formula (IIb) :
or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: Ring A, R2, R3, R4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Ra, Rb, Rc, R, and R’ are defined as above,R1 is H, C1-6 alkyl, or C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, D, halo, OH, and CN;Ring B is aryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Rb. - The compound of any of claims 1 to 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:R1 is H, or CH3;R2, R3, and R4 each are independently H, or halo.
- The compound of any of claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:each Ra is independently H, halo, CN, OCH3, C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OCH3, and CN.
- The compound according to claim 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:each Ra is independently H, F, or CH3.
- The compound of any of claims 1 to 6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:each Rb is independently H, CN, OCH3, OH, NH2, or C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, halo, OH, NH2, OCH3, and CN.
- The compound any of claims 1 to 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:Z1 is C-OCF2H;Z2, Z3, and Z4 are independently CH.
- The compound according to any claim from 1 to 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from:
- A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds according to claims 1 to 9 or a salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
- A method of treating a disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claims 1-9 or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof.
- The method according to claim 11, wherein the disease is inflammatory or autoimmune disease.
- The method according to claim 11-12, wherein the disease is selected from systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, asthma, graft versus host disease, allograft rejection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Graves' disease, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) , TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) , Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) , adult onset stills, gout, and gouty arthritis.
- The method according to claim 11, wherein the disease is central nervous system (CNS) disorder.
- The method of claim 14, wherein the CNS disorder is selected from Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, ischemia, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) , spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, head trauma, seizures, and epilepsy.
- The method of claims 11-15, wherein the composition further comprises an additional pharmaceutical agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US202463668807P | 2024-07-09 | 2024-07-09 | |
| US63/668,807 | 2024-07-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2026012303A1 true WO2026012303A1 (en) | 2026-01-15 |
Family
ID=98385900
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2025/107259 Pending WO2026012303A1 (en) | 2024-07-09 | 2025-07-07 | NOVEL BENZO [4, 5] IMIDAZO COMPOUNDS AS TNFα MODULATORS |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2026012303A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190100526A1 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-04-04 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Fused Hexacyclic Imidazole Derivatives as Modulators of TNF Activity |
| US20200046723A1 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2020-02-13 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Fused Pentacyclic Imidazole Derivatives as Modulators of TNF Activity |
| US20210361668A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-11-25 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Fused Pentacyclic Imidazole Derivatives as Modulators of TNF Activity |
-
2025
- 2025-07-07 WO PCT/CN2025/107259 patent/WO2026012303A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20190100526A1 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-04-04 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Fused Hexacyclic Imidazole Derivatives as Modulators of TNF Activity |
| US20200046723A1 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2020-02-13 | Ucb Biopharma Sprl | Fused Pentacyclic Imidazole Derivatives as Modulators of TNF Activity |
| US20210361668A1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-11-25 | UCB Biopharma SRL | Fused Pentacyclic Imidazole Derivatives as Modulators of TNF Activity |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7328995B2 (en) | Tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-C]pyridine derivatives as PD-L1 immunomodulators | |
| AU2019245288C1 (en) | Heterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators | |
| US10829496B2 (en) | Thienopyridines and benzothiophenes useful as IRAK4 inhibitors | |
| US9045485B2 (en) | ASK 1 inhibiting pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives | |
| RU2679914C9 (en) | Fused tricyclic imidazole derivatives as modulators of tnf activity | |
| US20230234936A1 (en) | Compound for targeting and degrading protein, and preparation method therefor and use thereof | |
| BR112020005102A2 (en) | modulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory protein and methods of use | |
| US20180179179A1 (en) | Heterocyclic compounds as immunomodulators | |
| EA028722B1 (en) | Imidazopyridine derivatives as modulators of tnf activity | |
| BR112020000122A2 (en) | derivatives of n- (3- (2- (4-chlorophenoxy) acetamido) bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -2-cyclobutane-1-carboxamide and related compounds as inhibitors of atf4 for treatment against cancer and other diseases | |
| JP2019521109A (en) | Chemical compound | |
| BR112021000332A2 (en) | CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS | |
| AU2013227024A1 (en) | Novel piperidine compound or salt thereof | |
| WO2016010897A1 (en) | Bicyclic heteroaromatic carboxamide compounds useful as pim kinase inhibitors | |
| TW202302587A (en) | Isoquinolinone compound and use thereof | |
| AU2018357878A1 (en) | Spirocyclic compounds as farnesoid X receptor modulators | |
| AU2014234908B2 (en) | N-(2-cyano heterocyclyl)pyrazolo pyridones as Janus kinase inhibitors | |
| WO2026012303A1 (en) | NOVEL BENZO [4, 5] IMIDAZO COMPOUNDS AS TNFα MODULATORS | |
| ES2977339T3 (en) | Tricyclic heteroaryl compounds useful as IRAK4 inhibitors | |
| ES3036306T3 (en) | Thienopyridinyl and thiazolopyridinyl compounds useful as irak4 inhibitors | |
| WO2024222807A1 (en) | Novel macrocyclic heteroaryl derivatives as kinase inhibitors | |
| RU2811864C1 (en) | Pharmaceutical product containing inhibitor of sodium dependent phosphate carrier | |
| JP2024544530A (en) | BTK inhibitors |