WO2025221021A1 - Wearable electronic device comprising lens assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a display device. The display device comprises a lens assembly for guiding, toward the eyes of a user, light output from a display, wherein the lens assembly can include at least three lenses including a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens sequentially arranged from the eye side of the user toward the display side along a light ray axis. The lens assembly includes a first polarizing unit disposed on one surface of a curved surface including at least one inflection point of the first lens and/or the second lens, and a second polarizing unit disposed on the display, wherein an eye-side surface and/or a display-side surface of at least one of the at least three lenses can include at least one inflection point. The third lens can function as a beam splitter. The lens assembly can satisfy [Equation 1] 4≤FOV/EFL≤11, (where FOV is a field of view of an optical system, and EFL is a composite focal length of the optical system).

Description

Wearable electronic device comprising a lens assembly

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to electronic devices, for example, wearable electronic devices including a lens assembly.

Portable electronic devices, such as electronic notebooks, portable multimedia players, mobile communication terminals, and tablet PCs, typically feature a display device (or display module) and a battery, and typically have bar-shaped, folder-shaped, or sliding-type appearances due to the shape of the display device or battery. Recently, as the performance of display devices and batteries has improved, they have become smaller, leading to the emergence of electronic devices that can be worn on parts of the body, such as the wrist or head, or in the form of clothing (hereinafter referred to as "wearable electronic devices").

Examples of wearable electronic devices include head-mounted devices (HMDs), smart glasses, smart watches (or bands), contact lens-type devices, ring-type devices, and clothing/shoe/glove-type devices. These body-worn electronic devices are easy to carry and can improve user accessibility.

For example, a head-mounted wearable device is a device worn on the user's head or face that projects an image onto the user's retina, allowing the user to view virtual images in three-dimensional space. For example, head-mounted wearable devices can be categorized into see-through types that provide augmented reality (AR) and see-closed types that provide virtual reality (VR). A see-through type head-mounted wearable device can be implemented in the form of glasses, for example, and can provide the user with information such as buildings and objects in the space within the user's field of vision in the form of images or text. A see-closed type head-mounted wearable device can output independent images to both eyes of the user, and can provide the user, or one person, with an excellent sense of immersion by outputting content (games, movies, streaming, broadcasts, etc.) provided by a mobile communication terminal or an external input in the form of images or audio. Additionally, head-mounted wearable devices may be used to provide mixed reality (MR) or extended reality (XR), which are a combination of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).

Recently, product development for head-mounted wearable devices has been actively underway, and they are being used for a variety of purposes, including military, gaming, industrial, and medical applications. Consequently, there is a growing demand for smaller, lighter devices while also providing superior image quality.

The above information may be provided as background art to aid in understanding the present disclosure. No claim or determination is made as to whether any of the above is applicable as prior art in connection with the present disclosure.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device may be provided. The display device may include a display configured to output light and a lens assembly configured to guide light output from the display toward a user's eye. The lens assembly may include at least three lenses, including a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens, which are sequentially arranged from a user's eye side toward the display side along a light axis. The lens assembly may include a first polarizing portion arranged on one surface of a curved surface including at least one inflection point of at least one of the first lens or the second lens, and a second polarizing portion arranged on the display. At least one of the eye-side surface or the display-side surface of at least one of the at least three lenses may include at least one inflection point. The third lens may be configured to function as a beam splitter. The lens assembly may satisfy the following [Equation 1].

[Formula 1]

(Here, FOV is the angle of view of the optical system, and EFL is the synthetic focal length of the optical system.)

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a wearable electronic device may be provided. The wearable electronic device may include an optical system including a display configured to output light and a lens assembly configured to guide light output from the display toward a user's eye. The lens assembly may include at least three lenses sequentially arranged from a user's eye side toward the display side along a light axis, a first polarizing portion, a beam splitter, and a second polarizing portion sequentially arranged from the user's eye side toward the display side. At least one of an eye-side surface or a display-side surface of at least one lens among the at least three lenses may include at least one inflection point. The first polarizing portion may be arranged on a display-side surface including a curved surface of a first lens among the at least three lenses that is closest to the user's eye side, or on an eye-side surface including a curved surface of a second lens among the at least three lenses that is second most adjacent to the user's eye side, or on a display-side surface including a curved surface. The optical system may satisfy the following [Equation 1].

[Formula 1]

(Here, FOV is the angle of view of the optical system, and EFL is the synthetic focal length of the optical system.)

The above-described aspects or other aspects, configurations and/or advantages of one embodiment of the present disclosure may be further clarified by the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device within a network environment according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a wearable electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are drawings showing the front and back of a wearable electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a layout diagram illustrating an optical path of a wearable electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing a lens assembly and a display according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6b is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 6a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6c is a graph showing spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 6a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6d is a graph showing astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 6a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6e is a graph showing the distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 6a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6f is a graph of a modulation transfer function for each angle of view according to a change in spatial frequency of the optical system of FIG. 6a, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6g is a graph of the modulation transfer function for each field of view according to position on the display at a specific spatial frequency of the optical system of FIG. 6a, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 7a is a graph of the modulation transfer function for each angle of view according to the spatial frequency change of a conventional optical system.

Figure 7b is a graph of the modulation transfer function for each angle of view according to the position on the display at a specific frequency of a conventional optical system.

FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram showing a lens assembly and a display according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 8A according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8c is a graph showing spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 8a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8d is a graph showing astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 8a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8e is a graph showing the distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 8a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8F is a graph of a modulation transfer function for each angle of view according to a change in spatial frequency of the optical system of FIG. 8A, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8g is a graph of the modulation transfer function for each field of view according to position on the display at a specific spatial frequency of the optical system of FIG. 8a, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram showing a lens assembly and a display according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9b is an enlarged view of part C of FIG. 9a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9c is a graph showing spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 9a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9d is a graph showing astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 9a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9e is a graph showing the distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 9a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing a lens assembly and a display according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10b is an enlarged view of part F of FIG. 10a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10c is a graph showing spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 10a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10d is a graph showing astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 10a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10e is a graph showing the distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 10a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram showing a lens assembly and a display according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11b is an enlarged view of part G of FIG. 11a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11c is a graph showing spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 11a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11d is a graph showing astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 11a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11e is a graph showing the distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 11a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram showing a lens assembly and a display according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12b is an enlarged view of part H of FIG. 12a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12c is a graph showing spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 12a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12d is a graph showing astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 12a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12e is a graph showing the distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 12a according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Throughout the attached drawings, similar reference numbers may be assigned to similar parts, components and/or structures.

Wearable electronic devices that implement augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and/or extended reality can generally be used while worn on the user's head or face. For example, a display that outputs images or visual information in the form of light can be positioned at a relatively close distance from the user's eyes. When the display and the user's eyes are positioned at a relatively close distance, it can be difficult to configure an optical system that guides or focuses the light to the user's eyes. For example, the size or number of lenses may be limited to minimize the size or weight of the wearable electronic device, and it may be difficult to implement an optical system that can provide good image quality with a limited number of lenses. In one embodiment, in a usage environment where the display and the user's eyes are positioned at a relatively close distance, an optical system with a pancake lens structure can be useful for providing good image quality while using a limited number of lenses. The optical system with a pancake lens structure can implement an optical path that is sufficiently long compared to the mechanical length (e.g., the total length of the lens) by reflecting the light output from the display at least twice as it passes through the path to the user's eyes. Pancake lens structures can provide excellent image quality while miniaturizing. However, the repeated reflection structure can increase light refraction and scattering. For example, increased refraction and scattering can lead to image quality degradation due to interference between refracted and scattered light.

One embodiment of the present disclosure is intended to at least resolve the above-described problems and/or disadvantages and at least provide the advantages described below, thereby providing a wearable electronic device including a lens assembly that is easy to control aberrations and thus realizes good image quality.

One embodiment of the present disclosure can provide a wearable electronic device including a miniaturized and/or lightweight lens assembly while providing good image quality.

One embodiment of the present disclosure can provide a wearable electronic device that can reduce user fatigue when worn by being miniaturized and/or lightweight.

The technical problems to be achieved in this document are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

The following description of the accompanying drawings may provide an understanding of various exemplary implementations of the present disclosure, including the claims and their equivalents. While the exemplary embodiments disclosed in the following description include numerous specific details to aid understanding, they are to be considered as one example of various exemplary embodiments. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations of the various implementations described herein may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known functions and configurations may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to their reference meanings and can be used to clearly and consistently describe one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various implementations of the disclosure is provided for illustrative purposes, not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the disclosure and its equivalents.

Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular forms of "a," "an," and "the" should be understood to include plural meanings. Thus, for example, "a component surface" could be understood to include one or more of the surfaces of the component.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device (101) within a network environment (100) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1 , in the network environment (100), the electronic device (101) may communicate with the electronic device (102) via a first network (198) (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or may communicate with at least one of the electronic device (104) or the server (108) via a second network (199) (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). In one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may communicate with the electronic device (104) via the server (108). According to one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may include a processor (120), a memory (130), an input module (150), an audio output module (155), a display module (160), an audio module (170), a sensor module (176), an interface (177), a connection terminal (178), a haptic module (179), a camera module (180), a power management module (188), a battery (189), a communication module (190), a subscriber identification module (196), or an antenna module (197). In one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may have at least one of these components (e.g., the connection terminal (178)) omitted, or one or more other components added. In one embodiment, some of these components (e.g., the sensor module (176), the camera module (180), or the antenna module (197)) may be integrated into one component (e.g., the display module (160)).

The processor (120) may, for example, execute software (e.g., a program (140)) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device (101) connected to the processor (120) and perform various data processing or operations. According to one embodiment, as at least a part of the data processing or operations, the processor (120) may store commands or data received from other components (e.g., a sensor module (176) or a communication module (190)) in a volatile memory (132), process the commands or data stored in the volatile memory (132), and store result data in a non-volatile memory (134). According to one embodiment, the processor (120) may include a main processor (121) (e.g., a central processing unit or an application processor), or an auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., a graphics processing unit, a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor) that can operate independently or together with the main processor (121). For example, when the electronic device (101) includes the main processor (121) and the auxiliary processor (123), the auxiliary processor (123) may be configured to use less power than the main processor (121) or to be specialized for a given function. The auxiliary processor (123) may be implemented separately from the main processor (121) or as a part thereof.

The auxiliary processor (123) may control at least a portion of functions or states associated with at least one component (e.g., a display module (160), a sensor module (176), or a communication module (190)) of the electronic device (101), for example, on behalf of the main processor (121) while the main processor (121) is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor (121) while the main processor (121) is in an active (e.g., application execution) state. In one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as a part of another functionally related component (e.g., a camera module (180) or a communication module (190)). In one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., a neural network processing unit) may include a hardware structure specialized for processing artificial intelligence models. The artificial intelligence models may be generated through machine learning. This learning can be performed, for example, in the electronic device (101) itself where the artificial intelligence model is executed, or can be performed through a separate server (e.g., server (108)). The learning algorithm can include, for example, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning, but is not limited to the examples described above. The artificial intelligence model can include a plurality of artificial neural network layers. The artificial neural network can be one of a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), deep Q-networks, or a combination of two or more of the above, but is not limited to the examples described above. In addition to the hardware structure, the artificial intelligence model can additionally or alternatively include a software structure.

The memory (130) can store various data used by at least one component (e.g., processor (120) or sensor module (176)) of the electronic device (101). The data can include, for example, software (e.g., program (140)) and input data or output data for commands related thereto. The memory (130) can include volatile memory (132) or non-volatile memory (134).

The program (140) may be stored as software in the memory (130) and may include, for example, an operating system (142), middleware (144), or an application (146).

The input module (150) can receive commands or data to be used in a component of the electronic device (101) (e.g., a processor (120)) from an external source (e.g., a user) of the electronic device (101). The input module (150) can include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen).

The audio output module (155) can output audio signals to the outside of the electronic device (101). The audio output module (155) can include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker can be used for general purposes, such as multimedia playback or recording playback. The receiver can be used to receive incoming calls. In one embodiment, the receiver can be implemented separately from the speaker or as part of the speaker.

The display module (160) can visually provide information to an external party (e.g., a user) of the electronic device (101). The display module (160) may include, for example, a display, a holographic device, or a projector and a control circuit for controlling the device. According to one embodiment, the display module (160) may include a touch sensor configured to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor configured to measure the intensity of a force generated by the touch.

The audio module (170) can convert sound into an electrical signal, or vice versa, convert an electrical signal into sound. According to one embodiment, the audio module (170) can acquire sound through the input module (150), output sound through the sound output module (155), or an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102)) (e.g., speaker or headphone) directly or wirelessly connected to the electronic device (101).

The sensor module (176) can detect the operating status (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device (101) or the external environmental status (e.g., user status) and generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected status. According to one embodiment, the sensor module (176) can include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an IR (infrared) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.

The interface (177) may support one or more designated protocols that may be used to directly or wirelessly connect the electronic device (101) to an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device (102)). In one embodiment, the interface (177) may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an SD card interface, or an audio interface.

The connection terminal (178) may include a connector through which the electronic device (101) may be physically connected to an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102)). According to one embodiment, the connection terminal (178) may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).

The haptic module (179) can convert electrical signals into mechanical stimuli (e.g., vibration or movement) or electrical stimuli that a user can perceive through tactile or kinesthetic sensations. According to one embodiment, the haptic module (179) can include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulation device.

The camera module (180) can capture still images and videos. According to one embodiment, the camera module (180) may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes.

The power management module (188) can manage power supplied to the electronic device (101). According to one embodiment, the power management module (188) can be implemented as, for example, at least a part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).

A battery (189) may power at least one component of the electronic device (101). In one embodiment, the battery (189) may include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery, a rechargeable secondary battery, or a fuel cell.

The communication module (190) may support the establishment of a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device (101) and an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102), electronic device (104), or server (108)), and the performance of communication through the established communication channel. The communication module (190) may operate independently from the processor (120) (e.g., application processor) and may include one or more communication processors that support direct (e.g., wired) communication or wireless communication. According to one embodiment, the communication module (190) may include a wireless communication module (192) (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module (194) (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module, or a power line communication module). Among these communication modules, the corresponding communication module can communicate with an external electronic device via a first network (198) (e.g., a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth, wireless fidelity (WiFi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or a second network (199) (e.g., a long-range communication network such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or WAN)). These various types of communication modules can be integrated into a single component (e.g., a single chip) or implemented as multiple separate components (e.g., multiple chips). The wireless communication module (192) can verify or authenticate the electronic device (101) within a communication network such as the first network (198) or the second network (199) by using subscriber information (e.g., an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module (196).

The wireless communication module (192) can support 5G networks and next-generation communication technologies following the 4G network, such as NR access technology (new radio access technology). The NR access technology can support high-speed transmission of high-capacity data (eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband)), minimization of terminal power and connection of multiple terminals (mMTC (massive machine type communications)), or high reliability and low latency (URLLC (ultra-reliable and low-latency communications)). The wireless communication module (192) can support, for example, a high-frequency band (e.g., mmWave band) to achieve a high data transmission rate. The wireless communication module (192) can support various technologies for securing performance in a high-frequency band, such as beamforming, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beam-forming, or large scale antenna. The wireless communication module (192) can support various requirements specified in the electronic device (101), an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device (104)), or a network system (e.g., the second network (199)). According to one embodiment, the wireless communication module (192) can support a peak data rate (e.g., 20 Gbps or more) for eMBB realization, a loss coverage (e.g., 164 dB or less) for mMTC realization, or a U-plane latency (e.g., 0.5 ms or less for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), or 1 ms or less for round trip) for URLLC realization.

The antenna module (197) can transmit or receive signals or power to or from an external device (e.g., an external electronic device). In one embodiment, the antenna module may include an antenna including a radiator formed of a conductor or a conductive pattern formed on a substrate (e.g., a PCB). In one embodiment, the antenna module (197) may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna). In this case, at least one antenna suitable for a communication method used in a communication network, such as the first network (198) or the second network (199), may be selected from the plurality of antennas, for example, by the communication module (190). A signal or power may be transmitted or received between the communication module (190) and an external electronic device via the at least one selected antenna. In one embodiment, in addition to the radiator, another component (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) may be additionally formed as a part of the antenna module (197).

In one embodiment, the antenna module (197) may form a mmWave antenna module. In one embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include a printed circuit board, an RFIC disposed on or adjacent a first side (e.g., a bottom side) of the printed circuit board and capable of supporting a designated high-frequency band (e.g., a mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna) disposed on or adjacent a second side (e.g., a top side or a side) of the printed circuit board and capable of transmitting or receiving signals in the designated high-frequency band.

At least some of the above components can be interconnected and exchange signals (e.g., commands or data) with each other via a communication method between peripheral devices (e.g., a bus, GPIO (general purpose input and output), SPI (serial peripheral interface), or MIPI (mobile industry processor interface)).

According to one embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device (101) and an external electronic device (104) via a server (108) connected to a second network (199). Each of the external electronic devices (102 or 104) may be the same or a different type of device as the electronic device (101). According to one embodiment, all or part of the operations executed in the electronic device (101) may be executed in one or more of the external electronic devices (102, 104, or 108). For example, when the electronic device (101) is to perform a certain function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device (101) may, instead of or in addition to executing the function or service itself, request one or more external electronic devices to perform the function or at least a part of the service. One or more external electronic devices that receive the request may execute at least a portion of the requested function or service, or an additional function or service related to the request, and transmit the result of the execution to the electronic device (101). The electronic device (101) may process the result as is or additionally and provide it as at least a portion of a response to the request. For this purpose, cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing technology may be used, for example. The electronic device (101) may provide an ultra-low latency service by using distributed computing or mobile edge computing, for example. In one embodiment, the external electronic device (104) may include an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The server (108) may be an intelligent server utilizing machine learning and/or a neural network. According to one embodiment, the external electronic device (104) or the server (108) may be included in the second network (199). The electronic device (101) can be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart city, smart car, or healthcare) based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

Electronic devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure may take various forms. Electronic devices may include, for example, portable communication devices (e.g., smartphones), computer devices, portable multimedia devices, portable medical devices, cameras, wearable devices, or home appliances. Electronic devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the aforementioned devices.

The embodiments of the present disclosure and the terminology used therein are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to specific embodiments, but should be understood to encompass various modifications, equivalents, or substitutes of the embodiments. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the items, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this document, phrases such as "A or B," "at least one of A and B," "at least one of A or B," "A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," and "at least one of A, B, or C" each include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding phrase, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first," "second," or "first" or "second" may be used merely to distinguish the corresponding component from other corresponding components, and do not limit the corresponding components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order). When a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to as being "coupled" or "connected" to another component (e.g., a second component), with or without the terms "functionally" or "communicatively," it is understood that the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or via a third component.

The term "module" used in the embodiments of the present disclosure may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may be used interchangeably with terms such as logic, logic block, component, or circuit. A module may be an integral component, or a minimum unit or part of such a component that performs one or more functions. For example, according to one embodiment, a module may be implemented in the form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as software (e.g., a program) including one or more instructions stored in a storage medium (e.g., built-in memory or external memory) readable by a machine (e.g., an electronic device). For example, a processor (e.g., a processor) of the machine (e.g., an electronic device) may call at least one instruction among the one or more instructions stored from the storage medium and execute it. This enables the machine to operate to perform at least one function according to the at least one instruction called. The one or more instructions may include code generated by a compiler or code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Here, "non-transitory" only means that the storage medium is a tangible device and does not contain a signal (e.g., electromagnetic waves), and this term does not distinguish between cases where data is stored semi-permanently and cases where it is stored temporarily in the storage medium.

According to one embodiment, a method according to an embodiment(s) of the present disclosure may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a commodity between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) via an application store (e.g., Play Store ^™ ) or directly between two user devices (e.g., smartphones). In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or an intermediary server.

According to one embodiment, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include one or more entities, and some of the entities may be separated and placed in other components. According to one embodiment, one or more components or operations of the aforementioned components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., a module or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components identically or similarly to those performed by the corresponding component among the plurality of components prior to the integration. According to one embodiment, the operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

FIG. 2 is a drawing showing a wearable electronic device (200) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In describing one embodiment of the present disclosure, some numerical values and the like may be presented, but it should be noted that such numerical values do not limit one embodiment of the present disclosure unless stated in the claims.

Referring to FIG. 2, a wearable electronic device (200) (e.g., electronic device (101) of FIG. 1) is an electronic device that can be worn on a user's head or face, and the user can visually recognize surrounding objects or environments even while wearing the wearable electronic device (200). The wearable electronic device (200) can acquire and/or recognize visual images of objects or environments that the user is looking at or in the direction that the wearable electronic device (200) is facing by using a camera module, and can receive information about the objects or environments from an external electronic device via a network. The wearable electronic device (200) can provide the user with information about the objects or environments in an acoustic or visual form. For example, the wearable electronic device (200) can provide the user with information about the objects or environments in a visual form by using a display device (or display member) (e.g., display module (160) of FIG. 1). The wearable electronic device (200) can implement augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), and/or extended reality (XR) by visualizing information about objects or the environment and combining it with actual images (or videos) of the user's surroundings. The display device can provide the user with information about objects or the environment around him/her by outputting a screen in which an augmented reality object is added to an actual image (or video) of the user's surroundings.

According to one embodiment, all or part of the operations executed by the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200) may be executed by one or more of the external electronic devices (102, 104, or 108). For example, when the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200) is to perform a certain function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200) may, instead of executing the function or service by itself or in addition, request one or more of the external electronic devices (102, 104, or 108) to perform the function or at least a part of the service. The one or more external electronic devices that receive the request may execute at least a part of the requested function or service, or an additional function or service related to the request, and transmit the result of the execution to the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200). The electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200) may provide the result as is or additionally processed as at least a part of the response to the request. For example, the external electronic device (102) may render content data executed in an application and transmit it to the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200), and the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200) that receives the data may output the content data to a display module. When the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200) detects user movement through a sensor(s) such as an inertial measurement unit sensor, the processor (e.g., the processor (120) of FIG. 1) of the electronic device (101) or the wearable electronic device (200) may correct the rendering data received from the external electronic device (102) based on the movement information and output the corrected data to the display module. Or, when a user movement is detected through a sensor(s), a processor (e.g., processor (120) of FIG. 1) of the electronic device (101) or wearable electronic device (200) may transmit the movement information to an external electronic device (102) and request rendering so that screen data is updated accordingly. According to various embodiments, the external electronic device (102) may be a device of various forms, such as a case device capable of storing and charging the electronic device (101).

It should be noted that the detailed description below may refer to various things such as “a state or position in which an electronic device or a designated component of an electronic device faces the user’s face,” and this is based on the assumption that the user is wearing the wearable electronic device (200).

According to one embodiment, a wearable electronic device (200) may include at least one display device and a wearing member. Depending on the structure of the display device, the wearable electronic device (200) may further include a structure (e.g., a lens frame) for mounting or supporting the display device. The display devices may be provided as a pair including a first display device and a second display device, and may be arranged to correspond to the user's right and left eyes, respectively, when the wearable electronic device (200) is worn on the user's body. In one embodiment, the wearable electronic device (200) may also include a housing form (e.g., a goggle form) including one display device corresponding to the right eye and the left eye.

According to one embodiment, the display device is a component provided to provide visual information to a user, and may include, for example, a display (D), a plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3, L4) (e.g., a lens assembly) and/or at least one sensor. The plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3, L4) may be aligned along the optical axis (I) in a space within the wearable electronic device (200). Although a total of four lenses are illustrated in FIG. 2, according to one embodiment, at least one lens (e.g., the fourth lens (L4)) may be omitted from the display device, and for example, the display device may include three lenses (L1, L2, L3). Here, the lens assembly and the display (D) may be formed transparently or translucently, respectively. However, the display device is not limited thereto. In one embodiment, the display device may include a window member, and the window member may be a translucent glass or a member whose light transmittance may be adjusted as a coloring concentration is adjusted. In one embodiment, the display device may include a lens including a waveguide, or a reflective lens, and may provide visual information to a user by forming an image output from an optical output device (e.g., a projector or a display (D)) on each lens. For example, the display device may include a waveguide (e.g., a light waveguide) on at least a portion of each lens, and may mean a display device that transmits an image (or light) output from an optical output device such as the display (D) to a user's eyes through the waveguide included in the display device, and at the same time transmits the real world to the user's eyes through that area in a see-through manner. In one embodiment, the waveguide may be understood as a part of a lens assembly. A lens assembly (e.g., a lens assembly (LA) of FIGS. 5 to 12B) is a configuration including a plurality of lenses (e.g., L1, L2, L3), and can be arranged in a state aligned with an optical axis (e.g., an optical axis (O) of FIGS. 5 to 12B) in a space within a wearable electronic device (200). A configuration in which visual information output in the form of light from a display (D) is provided to a user's eyes through the lens assembly will be discussed again below with reference to FIGS. 6A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, and 12A.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are drawings showing the front and back of a wearable electronic device (300) according to one embodiment.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, camera modules (311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316) and/or depth sensors (317) may be arranged on a first surface (310) of a wearable electronic device (300) (e.g., a housing) to obtain information related to the surrounding environment of the wearable electronic device (300).

In one embodiment, the camera modules (311, 312) can acquire images related to the surrounding environment of the wearable electronic device (300).

In one embodiment, the camera modules (313, 314, 315, 316) can acquire images while the wearable electronic device (300) is worn by the user. The camera modules (313, 314, 315, 316) can be used for hand detection, tracking, and recognition of user gestures (e.g., hand movements). The camera modules (313, 314, 315, 316) can be used for 3DoF (degrees of freedom), 6DoF head tracking, position (spatial, environmental) recognition, and/or movement recognition. In one embodiment, the camera modules (311, 312) can also be used for hand detection and tracking or recognition or detection of user gestures.

In one embodiment, the depth sensor (317) may be configured to transmit a signal and receive a signal reflected from a subject, and may be used for purposes such as time of flight (TOF) to determine the distance to an object. Instead of or in addition to the depth sensor (317), the camera modules (311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316) may determine the distance to an object.

According to one embodiment, a camera module (325, 326) for facial recognition and/or a display device (331) may be arranged on the second side (320) of the housing.

In one embodiment, a face recognition camera module (325, 326) adjacent to the display may be used to recognize a user's face, or may recognize and/or track both eyes of the user.

In one embodiment, the display device (331) may be disposed on the second surface (320) of the wearable electronic device (300). In one embodiment, the display device (331) may be understood to include a display that outputs a screen (e.g., the display module (160) of FIG. 1 and the display (D) of FIG. 2) and/or a lens assembly that focuses the output screen onto the user's eyes (e.g., the lens assembly (LA) of FIG. 2). In one embodiment, the display device (331) may have at least some configurations similar to or substantially identical to the display device described with reference to FIG. 2. In one embodiment, the wearable electronic device (300) may not include camera modules (315, 316) among the plurality of camera modules (313, 314, 315, 316). Although not illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the wearable electronic device (300) may further include at least one of the configurations illustrated in FIGS. 1 and/or 2. In FIG. 4, it is noted that reference numerals are assigned to portions visible on the exterior of the wearable electronic device (300), indicating the lens closest to the user's eye among the display devices (331).

As described above, according to one embodiment, the wearable electronic device (300) may have a form factor for being worn on a user's head. The wearable electronic device (300) may further include a strap and/or a wearing member for being secured to a body part of the user. The wearable electronic device (300) may provide a user experience based on augmented reality, virtual reality, and/or mixed reality while being worn on the user's head.

FIG. 5 illustrates a path along which light output by a display (D) is focused or guided to a user's eye (E) in a wearable electronic device (400) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 5 together with FIG. 2, a wearable electronic device (400) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) configured to refract, transmit, and/or reflect light output from the display (D) and transmit the light to a user's eye (E). In the present disclosure, the display (D) and the lens assembly (LA) may be referred to together as a "display device."

In one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) may include a plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3) (e.g., at least three) and a polarizing assembly (P). In one embodiment, the lenses (L1, L2, L3) and the polarizing assembly (P) (e.g., the first polarizing unit (P1), the second polarizing unit (P2) and/or the beam splitter (BS)) may be aligned along a straight light axis (indicated by a dashed line O in FIGS. 5 , 6A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A and 12A) extending between the display (D) and the user's eye (E).

In one embodiment, the polarizing assembly (P) may include a first polarizing unit (P1), a second polarizing unit (P2), and/or a beam splitter (BS). According to one embodiment, the first polarizing unit (P1) may include at least one reflective polarizer (RP), at least one polarizer (POL), and at least one quarter wave plate (QWP). According to one embodiment, the second polarizing unit (P2) may include at least one quarter wave plate (QWP) and at least one polarizer (POL). According to one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) may further include at least one anti-reflection (AR) layer. According to one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3) may be movable to adjust a diopter, thereby providing a vision correction function to a user.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing unit (P1), the second polarizing unit (P2) and/or the beam splitter (BS) of the polarizing assembly (P) may be disposed between the first lens (L1) (hereinafter referred to as “first lens (L1)”) from the user’s eye (E) among the lenses (L1, L2, L3) of the lens assembly (LA) and the display (D). For example, when the polarizing assembly (P) is disposed further from the user’s eye (E) than the first lens (L1), damage to the polarizing assembly (P) that occurs during manufacturing or use may be reduced or prevented compared to when the polarizing assembly (P) is disposed closer to the user’s eye (E) than the first lens (L1).

In one embodiment, the polarizing assembly (P) (e.g., the first polarizing unit (P1), the second polarizing unit (P2), and the beam splitter (BS)) can extend and/or adjust the optical path length between the user's eye (E) and the display (D). For example, the polarizing assembly (P) can improve the quality of the image provided to the user by implementing a focal length longer than the mechanical or physical length of the lens assembly (LA). Since the size or weight of a wearable electronic device (e.g., AR/VR glasses) is limited due to the actual use environment (e.g., used in a worn state), the resolution of the output virtual image may be limited, and it may be difficult to provide a good quality image to the user even through the optical system. In one embodiment, the wearable electronic device (400) can extend the optical path length of the incident light relative to its external size and/or improve the image resolution provided to the user by including a pancake lens structure (e.g., the lens assembly (LA)). For example, the wearable electronic device (400) may be an optical device (e.g., AR/VR glasses) that provides visual information to the user while being worn on the user's head or face by including a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) (or "display device").

According to one embodiment, the display (D) may include a screen display area that displays visual information to portions corresponding to the user's eyes when the user wears the wearable electronic device (400). In one embodiment, the wearable electronic device (400) may include a pair of displays (D) including a first display and a second display corresponding to the user's eyes. The display (D) may include, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) display, or an electronic paper display. For example, the display (D) may display various images (or contents, screens) (e.g., text, images, videos, icons, symbols, etc.) provided as visual information to the user.

According to one embodiment, visual information output in the form of light from the display (D) can be provided to the user's eyes by passing through a lens assembly (LA) (e.g., lenses (L1, L2, L3) and a polarizing assembly (P)). The order in which the light output from the display (D) passes through the plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3) and the first polarizing unit (P1), the second polarizing unit (P2) and the beam splitter (BS) can be set in various ways depending on the embodiment.

According to one embodiment, the wearable electronic device (400) may further include a cover window (e.g., the cover window (W) of FIGS. 6A, 8A, 10A, 11A, and 12A) disposed on the user's eye-side surface of the display (D). According to one embodiment, light output from the display (D) may pass through the cover window (W) and be transmitted to the lens assembly (LA). For example, the cover window (W) may be disposed on the user's eye (E)-side surface of the display (D). In the present disclosure, "disposed on XX" may refer to being disposed adjacent to or substantially in contact with XX.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing portion (P1) may be configured to selectively transmit, reflect, and/or block light output from the display (D) and transmitted through the remaining lenses (L2, L3) other than the first lens (L1), the beam splitter (BS), and the second polarizing portion (P2) and transmit the light to the first lens (L1). According to one embodiment, the first polarizing portion (P1) may be arranged between the first lens (L1) closest to the user's eye (E) and the second lens (L2) second closest to the user's eye (E).

In one embodiment, the first polarizing unit (P1) may include a first polarizer (401), a reflective polarizer (402), and/or a first 1/4 wave plate (403). For example, the first polarizer (401), the reflective polarizer (402), and/or the first 1/4 wave plate (403) may be formed in a film form. In one embodiment, the first polarizer (401), the reflective polarizer (402), and/or the first 1/4 wave plate (403) of the first polarizing unit (P1) may be formed by being bonded to each other or spaced apart from each other with an air layer (or air gap), another polarizing layer, and/or a dummy layer therebetween. Here, the air layer, the adhesive layer, the another polarizing layer, and/or the dummy layer may have substantially no refractive power. Here, for example, the phrase "any two members of the first polarizer (401), the reflective polarizer (402), and/or the first 1/4 wave plate (403) are spaced apart from each other with an adhesive layer, another polarizing layer, or a dummy layer therebetween" may refer to a structure in which any two members are laminated. Here, "lamination" may mean that at least one of the two different members is provided with an adhesive and is bonded to each other. For example, when a first polarizer (401) and a reflective polarizer (402) are laminated, the first polarizer (401) and the reflective polarizer (402) can be bonded to each other with an adhesive layer disposed therebetween, and in this case, the first polarizer (401) and the reflective polarizer (402) can be laminated with another polarizing layer (and/or a dummy layer) interposed therebetween, and the first polarizer (401), the other polarizing layer (and/or the dummy layer), and the reflective polarizer (402) can be laminated to each other and bonded to each other by the adhesive layer. For example, a first polarizing member (P1) in the form of a laminated first polarizer (401), a reflective polarizer (402), and/or a first 1/4 wavelength plate (403) can be thinner and have superior optical performance than a polarizing member in the form of a simply laminated film. In one embodiment, some components of the first polarizing unit (P1) (e.g., the first polarizer (401)) may be omitted. In one embodiment, the first polarizing unit (P1) may further include some components (e.g., an anti-reflection layer).

In one embodiment, the beam splitter (BS) (404) may be configured to transmit a portion of the incident light and reflect another portion of the incident light. For example, the beam splitter (BS) may be configured to transmit about 50% of the light and reflect about 50% of the light. For example, the beam splitter (BS) may be configured as a semi-transparent mirror. According to one embodiment, the beam splitter (BS) may be disposed between the third lens (L3) and the second polarizing unit (P2).

According to one embodiment, the beam splitter (BS) may be disposed on one of the two surfaces of the third lens (L3) (hereinafter, referred to as the “third lens (L3)”) from the user’s eye (E) in the lens assembly (LA). In the present disclosure, “disposed on XX” may refer to being disposed adjacent to or in substantial contact with XX. In the present disclosure, “two surfaces” of any lens may refer to the user’s eye (E)-side surface and the display (D)-side surface of any lens. For example, the beam splitter (BS) may be disposed adjacent to (or in substantial contact with) the display-side surface (D3) of the third lens (L3) (or may be disposed on the display-side surface (D3). According to one embodiment, the beam splitter (BS) may be formed of a reflective member (e.g., a mirror) coated or attached in a film form on the display-side surface (D3) of the third lens (L3). However, in the present disclosure, the position of the beam splitter (BS) is not limited and may be changed.

According to one embodiment, the second polarizing portion (P2) may be arranged closer to the display (D) than the first polarizing portion (P1) so as to selectively transmit and/or block light output from the display (D) and transmit it to the lenses (L1, L2 and/or L3), the beam splitter (BS) and the first polarizing portion (P1).

In one embodiment, the second polarizing portion (P2) may be disposed between the lens assembly (LA) and the display (D). According to one embodiment, the second polarizing portion (P2) may be disposed between the third lens (L3) closest to the display (D) and the display (D). According to one embodiment, the second polarizing portion (P2) may be disposed on a cover window (W) disposed on a side of the display (D) facing the user's eyes. According to one embodiment, a surface of the cover window (W) on which the second polarizing portion (P2) is disposed (e.g., a side facing the user's eyes) may be implemented as a substantially flat surface.

In one embodiment, the second polarizing unit (P2) may include a second 1/4 wave plate (405) and/or a second polarizer (406). For example, the second 1/4 wave plate (405) and/or the second polarizer (406) may be formed in a film form. In one embodiment, the second 1/4 wave plate (405) and the second polarizer (406) of the second polarizing unit (P2) may be formed by being bonded to each other or by being disposed with an air layer (or air gap), another polarizing layer, and/or a dummy layer therebetween. Here, the air layer, the adhesive layer, the another polarizing layer, and/or the dummy layer may have substantially no refractive power. Here, for example, the phrase "any two members of the second 1/4 wave plate (405) and the second polarizer (406) are spaced apart from each other with an adhesive layer, another polarizing layer, or a dummy layer between them" may refer to a structure in which the two members are laminated. In one embodiment, "lamination" here may mean that at least one of the two different members is provided with an adhesive and is bonded to each other. For example, when a second 1/4 wavelength plate (405) and a second polarizer (406) are laminated, the second 1/4 wavelength plate (405) and the second polarizer (406) can be bonded to each other with an adhesive layer disposed therebetween, and in this case, the second 1/4 wavelength plate (405) and the second polarizer (406) can be laminated with another polarizing layer (and/or a dummy layer) interposed therebetween, and the second 1/4 wavelength plate (405), the other polarizing layer (and/or the dummy layer), and the second polarizer (406) can be laminated to each other and bonded to each other by the adhesive layer. For example, a second polarizing member (P2) in the form of a laminated second 1/4 wavelength plate (405) and a second polarizer (406) can be thinner and have superior optical performance than a polarizing member in the form of a simply laminated film. According to one embodiment, the second polarizing member (P2) may further include some components (e.g., an anti-reflection layer).

In the illustrated embodiment, the first lens (L1) of the wearable electronic device (400) or the lens assembly (LA) may be understood as the lens positioned furthest from the display (D) among a plurality of lenses (e.g., at least three lenses), or the lens positioned closest to the user's eye (E). However, it should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although not illustrated, the wearable electronic device (400) or the lens assembly (LA) may further include a transmissive optical member positioned farther from the display (D) than the first lens (L1). In one embodiment, the transmissive optical member may have a refractive power that does not affect the optical performance of the wearable electronic device (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) and/or the lens assembly (LA) of FIGS. 5, 6A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, and 12A. In one embodiment, the transmissive optical member positioned further from the display (D) than the first lens (L1) may have a transmittance of about 90% or greater for visible light. In one embodiment, the transmissive optical member may have a transmittance close to 100% for visible light.

For example, a display (e.g., a display (D)) such as a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode display, and/or a micro LED can provide a good quality image by including a polarizing plate. In one embodiment, when the lens assembly (LA) further includes a first polarizing portion (P1), the image quality perceived by the user can be improved even if the display (D) outputs an image of the same quality. In one embodiment, when the display (D) is combined with a lens assembly (LA) including a polarizing assembly (P) (e.g., a first polarizing portion (P1), a second polarizing portion (P2)), some polarizing plates may be omitted in the display (D) implemented as an organic light emitting diode display or a micro LED.

According to one embodiment, the arrangement of the polarizers (P1, P2) and/or the beam splitter (BS) of the polarizing assembly (P) described above can provide a good quality image while miniaturizing the optical system implemented with a limited number (e.g., at least 3) of lenses (L1, L2, L3). According to one embodiment, the polarization axis of the first polarizer (401) of the first polarizer (P1) and the polarization axis of the second polarizer (406) of the second polarizer (P2) can form 90 degrees. The fast axis of the first 1/4 wave plate (403) of the first polarizer (P1) and the fast axis of the second 1/4 wave plate (405) of the second polarizer (P2) can form 90 degrees.

Referring to FIG. 5, according to one embodiment, the wearable electronic device (400) may operate as follows. In the following description, a direction from the user's eye (E) toward the display (D) may be referred to as a first direction, and a direction from the display (D) toward the user's eye (E) opposite to the first direction may be referred to as a second direction. The first direction and the second direction may be substantially parallel to the light axis (O), and a plurality of lenses (e.g., a first lens (L1), a second lens (L2), and a third lens (L3)) of the lens assembly (LA) may be sequentially arranged along the first direction. Light output from the display (D) may pass through the second polarizing portion (P2) of the lens assembly (LA), at least three lenses (L1, L2, L3), a beam splitter (BS), and the first polarizing portion (P1) and then reach the user's eye (E). At this time, the second polarizer (406) of the second polarizing unit (P2) may transmit the first linear polarization, for example, vertical polarization (or p polarization), and may not transmit the second linear polarization, for example, horizontal polarization (or s polarization). For example, only vertical polarization (or p polarization) among the light reaching the second polarizer (406) may be transmitted. The light passing through the second polarizer (406) is converted into circular polarization (right-hand circular polarization or left-hand circular polarization) by the second 1/4 wave plate (405), and this circular polarization may sequentially pass through the beam splitter (BS), the third lens (L3), and the second lens (L2) before reaching the first 1/4 wave plate (403). Circularly polarized light that reaches the first 1/4 wave plate (403) can be converted back into linear polarization (e.g., vertical polarization (or p-polarization)) while passing through the first 1/4 wave plate (403) and can reach the reflective polarizer (402). Until reaching the reflective polarizer (402), the light can move in the second direction (display (D) -> user's eye (E)). The light that reaches the reflective polarizer (402) is reflected by the reflective polarizer (402) and directed in the first direction (user's eye (E) -> display (D)), and can be converted back into circular polarization (right-handed polarization or left-handed circular polarization) while passing through the first 1/4 wave plate (403). This circular polarization (right-hand or left-hand polarization) is reflected by the beam splitter (BS) and is directed back to the second direction, and at this time, the phase can be converted (e.g., left-hand polarization -> right-hand polarization, right-hand polarization -> left-hand polarization). The phase-converted circular polarization can pass through the first 1/4 wave plate (403) and the reflective polarizer (402) along the second direction and reach the user's eye (E). At this time, the light passing through the first 1/4 wave plate (403) is converted into horizontal polarization (or s-polarization) and can reach the user's eye (E). However, it should be noted that the embodiment of FIG. 5 is merely an example of a change in the state of light passing through a wearable electronic device (400) according to one embodiment, and that the conversion of polarization components by the first polarizer (401), the reflective polarizer (402), the quarter wave plate (403, 405), the beam splitter (BS) (404), and/or the second polarizer (406) may be different from the embodiment mentioned.

FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a wearable electronic device (500) (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 or the wearable electronic devices (200, 300, 400) of FIGS. 2 to 5) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6B is an enlarged diagram illustrating portion A of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6C is a graph illustrating spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6D is a graph illustrating astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6E is a graph illustrating distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 6a may be referred to as the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 5, and any description overlapping with the above description with reference to FIG. 5 may be omitted below.

Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a wearable electronic device (500) may include a display (D) (e.g., the display (D) of FIG. 5) and a lens assembly (LA) (e.g., the lens assembly (LA) of FIG. 5), and an image (or content, screen, visual information) output in the form of light from the display (D) may be focused or guided by the lens assembly (LA) and provided to the user's eye (E). The lens assembly (LA) may include a plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3) (e.g., lenses (L1, L2, L3) of FIG. 5) sequentially arranged along a light axis (O), and a polarizing assembly (P) (e.g., the polarizing assembly (P) of FIG. 5).

In the present disclosure, for convenience of explanation, or as described above, a plurality of lenses (L1, L2, L3) may be distinguished and described by being indicated with an ordinal number such as 'first' or 'second' according to the order in which they are arranged in the direction from the user's eye (E) side toward the display (D). In the reference numerals of the drawings, 'Ln' may indicate the n-th lens, 'En' may indicate the user's eye side of the n-th lens, and 'Dn' may indicate the display-side side of the n-th lens. In the present disclosure, a 'polarizing member' may also be defined as a polarizing member, a polarizing film, a polarizing sheet, a polarizing layer, a modulating member, a modulating film, and/or a modulating sheet. Here, 'modulating' may refer to filtering, reflecting, refracting, modulating the phase, and/or retarding the phase of at least a portion of incident light. In one embodiment, the modulation tendency of the polarizing member may vary depending on the wavelength of the incident light or the polarization component of the incident light. Such polarizing members may be implemented by films, sheets, coating materials and/or deposition materials.

According to one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) or polarizing assembly (P) of the wearable electronic device (500) may include a first polarizing unit (P1), a beam splitter (BS), and a second polarizing unit (P2) sequentially arranged from the user's eye (E) side to the display (D) side.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing portion (P1) of the polarizing assembly (P) (e.g., the first polarizing portion (P1) of FIG. 5) may be disposed between the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2). According to one embodiment (e.g., FIG. 6a), the first polarizing portion (P1) may be disposed on the user's eye-side surface (E2) of the second lens (L2). According to one embodiment (e.g., FIGS. 8a and 12a), the first polarizing portion (P1) may be disposed on the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens (L1). According to one embodiment (e.g., FIGS. 9A, 10A, and 11A), the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may be bonded to each other, and the first polarizing portion (P1) may be disposed on the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens (L1) and the user's eye-side surface (E2) of the second lens (L2). In one embodiment, when the first polarizing portion (P1) is substantially attached to a surface of any one of the lenses (L1, L2, L3), the corresponding lens surface (e.g., the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens (L1) and/or the user's eye-side surface (E2) of the second lens (L2)) may include a curved surface. According to one embodiment, the lens surface on which the first polarizing portion (P1) is arranged (e.g., the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens (L1) and/or the user's eye-side surface (E2) of the second lens (L2)) and the surface of the first polarizing portion (P1) can be formed as a spherical surface rather than an aspherical surface, thereby ensuring aberration control performance of the optical system, a large angle of view, and high resolution performance, and ensuring clarity in both the center and periphery of the screen, and minimizing dizziness in the user.

Referring to FIG. 6B, according to one embodiment, a beam splitter (BS) of a polarizing assembly (P) (e.g., the beam splitter (BS) of FIG. 5) may be disposed between a first polarizing portion (P1) and a second polarizing portion (P2). According to one embodiment, the beam splitter (BS) may be disposed on a display-side surface (D3) of a third lens (L3). According to one embodiment, the second polarizing portion (P2) of the polarizing assembly (P) may be disposed between the third lens (L3) and the display (D). According to one embodiment, the second polarizing portion (P2) (e.g., the second polarizing portion (P2) of FIG. 5) may be disposed on a cover window (W).

As described with reference to FIG. 5, light output from the display (D) may sequentially transmit through the second polarizing unit (P2) and the beam splitter (BS), and then may be sequentially reflected by the first polarizing unit (P1) and the beam splitter (BS). The light reflected by the beam splitter (BS) may transmit through the first polarizing unit (P1) and be provided to the user. For example, at least a portion of the light output from the display (D) may transmit through the second polarizing unit (P2) and the beam splitter (BS) and reach the first polarizing unit (P1). The first polarizing unit (P1) may reflect at least a portion of the incident light (e.g., light transmitted through the second polarizing unit (P2) and the beam splitter (BS)), and at least a portion of the light reflected by the first polarizing unit (P1) may be reflected again by the beam splitter (BS) and guided to the user's eye (E). Accordingly, the light output from the display (D) can be reflected at least twice on the path to reach the user's eye (E). Although the lenses (L1, L2, L3) are not mentioned when describing the path of the light passing through the polarizing elements (P1, P2) and/or the beam splitter (BS), the light output from the display (D) can be focused by the lenses (L1, L2, L3) on the path to reach the user's eye (E).

In one embodiment, the second polarizing unit (P2) may include a second 1/4 wave plate (e.g., the second 1/4 wave plate (405) of FIG. 5) and a second polarizer (e.g., the second polarizer (406) of FIG. 5) arranged to face the second 1/4 wave plate (405). When the second 1/4 wave plate (405) and the second polarizer (406) are arranged, the polarization axis linearly polarized by the second polarizer (406) and the fast axis of the second 1/4 wave plate (405) may form a 45 degree angle. For example, the second polarizing unit (P2) may be configured to convert the incident light into linear polarization and circular polarization. In one embodiment, when the first polarizing unit (P1) includes the first polarizer (401), the first polarizer (401) The polarization axis and the polarization axis of the second polarizer (406) may form a 90-degree angle. In one embodiment, when the first polarizing unit (P1) includes the first 1/4 wave plate (403), the fast axis of the first 1/4 wave plate (403) and the fast axis of the second 1/4 wave plate (405) may form a 90-degree angle.

According to one embodiment, the beam splitter (BS) may be provided on one surface of the lens closest to the display (D) (e.g., the display-side surface (D3) of the third lens (L3)). According to one embodiment, the lens surface on which the beam splitter (BS) is arranged (e.g., the display-side surface (D3) of the third lens (L3)) may be formed as an aspherical surface without inflection, thereby securing a wide field of view while preventing degradation of optical performance due to a sudden change in the optical path (e.g., reflection). For example, the beam splitter (BS) may be laminated or formed on the display-side surface (D3) of the third lens (L3) by substantially depositing or coating an optical material.

In one embodiment, the optical length of the lens assembly (LA) may be greater than the mechanical (or physical) length by including a first polarizing member (P1) and a beam splitter (BS) that function as reflective members, while the number of lenses (or lens surfaces) arranged between the first polarizing member (P1) and the beam splitter (BS) may be minimized. For example, in a miniaturized lens assembly (LA) structure, a sufficient optical length may be secured by the reflective members (e.g., the first polarizing member (P1) and the beam splitter (BS)), and by reducing the number of lenses or lens surfaces arranged between the reflective members (e.g., the first polarizing member (P1) and the beam splitter (BS)), an increase in refraction or scattering may be suppressed, and the lens assembly (LA) may provide an image of improved quality. In one embodiment, the above-described 'refraction or scattering' may refer to birefringence due to manufacturing errors or errors occurring during assembly within an acceptable range. For example, by reducing the number of lenses or lens surfaces arranged between reflective elements (e.g., the first polarizing element (P1) and the beam splitter (BS)), the birefringence of the lens can be suppressed, and the lens assembly (LA) can provide an image of improved quality.

According to one embodiment, the optical system including the lens assembly (LA) and the display (D) of the wearable electronic device (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) of the above-described FIGS. 5 and 6A and the wearable electronic device (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) (or the display device) including the same can implement an optical system having a good wide-angle or ultra-wide-angle performance and high-resolution performance of a field of view (FOV) of about 100 degrees or more (e.g., about 108 degrees) with a minimum number of lenses (e.g., 3) and a small display by satisfying at least some of the lens characteristics, specifications, or conditions described below, and aberrations The device can be miniaturized while achieving excellent image quality and clarity due to its ease of control. For example, a wearable electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can reduce user fatigue and dizziness even when worn on the user's head or face.

According to one embodiment, one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) may have negative refractive power, and the remaining two lenses may have positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power, and the second lens (L2) may have negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power, and the third lens (L3) may have negative refractive power. When at least one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) is designed to have negative refractive power, the chromatic aberration control performance and optical performance of the lens assembly (LA) of the wearable electronic device (500) may be improved.

In one embodiment, the user's eye-side surface (E1) of the first lens (L1) may be formed to be convex toward the user's eye (E) side, and accordingly, the thickness (e.g., thickness in the direction of the optical axis (O)) of a structure (e.g., lens barrel) that fixes the first lens (L1) may be reduced, thereby contributing to a thickness reduction or thinning of the entire display device including the lens assembly (LA) and the display (D). In one embodiment, the first lens (L1) may have a positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) may have a refractive index of about 1.55 or less. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) may be formed of a material including a synthetic resin. According to one embodiment, at least one of the user's eye-side surface (E1) and the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens (L1) may be formed to be aspherical. In one embodiment, the effective diameter of the lens closest to the display (D) (e.g., the third lens (L3)) may be larger than the effective diameters of the remaining lens(es) (L2, L3).

In one embodiment, the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power or negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, when the second lens (L2) has negative refractive power, it may have a refractive index of about 1.6 or more. According to one embodiment, when the second lens (L2) has positive refractive power, it may have a refractive index of about 1.55 or less. According to one embodiment, the second lens (L2) may be formed of a material including a synthetic resin. According to one embodiment, at least one of the user's eye-side surface (E2) and the display-side surface (D2) of the second lens (L2) may be formed as an aspherical surface.

According to one embodiment, the lens surface on which the first polarizing portion (P1) is arranged (e.g., the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens (L1) and/or the user's eye-side surface (E2) of the second lens (L2)) can be formed as a spherical surface rather than an aspherical surface, thereby ensuring aberration control performance of the optical system, a large angle of view, and high resolution performance, and ensuring clarity in both the center and periphery of the screen, and minimizing dizziness inducing in the user.

In one embodiment, the user's eye-side surface (E3) of the third lens (L3) may be formed convexly toward the user's eye (E) side. In one embodiment, the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power or negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, when the third lens (L3) has negative refractive power, it may have a refractive index of about 1.6 or more. According to one embodiment, when the third lens (L3) has positive refractive power, it may have a refractive index of about 1.55 or less. According to one embodiment, the third lens (L3) may be formed of a material including a synthetic resin. According to one embodiment, at least one of the user's eye-side surface (E3) and the display-side surface (D3) of the third lens (L3) may be formed as an aspherical surface. As described above, according to one embodiment, a beam splitter (404; BS) may be placed on the display side surface (D3) of the third lens (L3), and the surface (D3) may be formed as an aspherical surface without inflection, thereby securing a wide angle of view while preventing deterioration of optical performance due to abrupt changes in the optical path (e.g., reflection).

According to one embodiment, the optical system (or display device) including the lens assembly (LA) and the display (D) of the wearable electronic devices (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) of the above-described FIGS. 5 and 6a and 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a to be described later can satisfy the following [Formula 1].

[Formula 1]

Here, FOV (field of view) may be the angle of view of the optical system, and EFL (effective focal length) may be the composite focal length of the optical system. In the present disclosure, the "focal length of the optical system" may refer to the composite focal length including the display (D) and the lens assembly (LA) (or the composite focal length of the entire display device). For example, if the calculated value of [Equation 1] exceeds about 11, the optical system can be miniaturized while designing the optical system to have an angle of view of 100 degrees or more, but it may be difficult to implement a high-performance optical system due to an increase in aberration due to miniaturization. For example, if the calculated value of [Equation 1] is less than about 4, it is advantageous for aberration correction of the optical system, but the size of the optical system including the lens assembly (LA) and the display (D) increases, making it difficult to apply to a wearable electronic device.

According to one embodiment, in an optical system (or display device) including a lens assembly (LA) and a display (D) of a wearable electronic device (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900) of FIGS. 5 and 6A described above and FIGS. 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, and 12A described below, at least one lens among the lenses (L1, L2, L3) may satisfy the following [Formula 2].

[Formula 2]

(Here, may be the minimum Abbe number of the lenses (L1, L2, and/or L3). For example, if the output value of [Equation 2] exceeds about 40, the chromatic aberration correction performance of the optical system may deteriorate, and if the output value of [Equation 2] is less than about 15, it may become difficult to manufacture the lenses (L1, L2, L3) from a synthetic resin material, and accordingly, if the lenses (L1, L2, L3) are manufactured from a glass material, the weight increases, making it difficult to apply them to wearable electronic devices.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing portion (P1) of the optical system (or display device) including the lens assembly (LA) and the display (D) of the wearable electronic device (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) of FIGS. 5 and 6A described above and FIGS. 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, and 12A described below can satisfy the following [Equation 3].

[Formula 3]

Here, may be the radius of curvature of one side of the first polarizing portion (P1). For example, if the calculated value of [Formula 3] exceeds about 1000, the first polarizing portion (P1) may have a shape substantially close to a plane, and accordingly, it may be difficult to secure aberration control performance of the optical system. For example, if the calculated value of [Formula 3] is less than about 30, it may be difficult to secure optical performance due to a decrease in polarization efficiency due to adhesion of the first polarizing portion (P1) and a lens (e.g., the first lens (L1) and/or the second lens (L2)). According to one embodiment, when the first polarizing portion (P1) is configured as a curved surface satisfying [Formula 3], the clarity of not only the central portion but also the peripheral portion of the screen provided to the user can be improved, thereby securing the clarity and optical performance of the entire screen.

According to one embodiment, an optical system (or display device) including a lens assembly (LA) and a display (D) of a wearable electronic device (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) of FIGS. 5 and 6A described above, and FIGS. 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, and 12A described below, can satisfy the following [Equation 4].

[Formula 4]

Here, oal is the distance from the user's eye-side surface of the first lens to the display, and Dh may be the maximum height of the display. Here, the "distance from the user's eye-side surface (E1) of the first lens (L1) to the display (D)" may mean the shortest distance of one side from the center of the user's eye-side surface (E1) of the first lens (L1) toward the lens assembly (LA) of the display (D). In the present disclosure, the "maximum height (Dh) of the display (D)" may be understood as the diagonal length of the display (D) measured from the center of the display (D) positioned on the light axis (O) to the axis perpendicular to the light axis (O), and half of the diagonal length of the display (D) (or "image height (ImgH)"). For example, if the calculated value of [Formula 4] exceeds about 1.75, the overall thickness of the lens assembly (LA) may increase compared to the size of the display (D), making it difficult to miniaturize the optical system. For example, if the output value of [Formula 4] is less than about 0.8, it may be advantageous for miniaturizing the optical system, but the thickness of the lens assembly (LA) or lenses (L1, L2, L3) may be reduced, which may deteriorate the aberration correction performance, and it may be difficult to implement a high-performance optical system.

The following [Table 1] can represent the calculated values of the above-described [Formula 1] to [Formula 4] of the embodiments of the present disclosure. As described in the following [Table 1], Example 1 of FIGS. 6a to 6e, Example 2 of FIGS. 8a to 8e, Example 3 of FIGS. 9a to 9e, Example 4 of FIGS. 10a to 10e, Example 5 of FIGS. 11a to 11e, and Example 6 of FIGS. 12a to 12e can satisfy [Formula 1] to [Formula 4].

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Equation 1 7.15 7.15 7.15 7.20 7.57 6.35 Equation 2 23.96 23.96 23.96 23.96 23.96 23.96 Equation 3 100 100 60 60 47 920 Equation 4 1.25 1.17 1.26 1.22 1.30 1.04

[Example 1]

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 6A to 6E, an optical system (or display device) including a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) may have a focal length (f) (e.g., a composite focal length (EFL)) of about 15.13 mm, an F-number (or FNO) of about 3.78, a horizontal field of view (HFoV) of the optical system of about 54.0 mm, and an image height (ImgH) of about 12.323 mm. In the present disclosure, “image height (ImgH)” may refer to half of the total diagonal length of the display.

According to one embodiment, one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) of the lens assembly (LA) (e.g., the wearable electronic device (500)) may have negative refractive power, and the remaining two lenses may have positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power, and the second lens (L2) may have negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power, and the third lens (L3) may have negative refractive power. When at least one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) is designed to have negative refractive power, the chromatic aberration control performance and optical performance of the lens assembly (LA) of the wearable electronic device (500) may be improved.

In one embodiment, a lens assembly (LA) (e.g., a wearable electronic device (500)) may be manufactured with the specifications presented in [Table 2] and may have aspheric coefficients of [Table 3] and [Table 4]. The definition of asphericity may be calculated through the following [Mathematical Formula 1]. In [Table 2], 'REF.' exemplifies a reference number assigned to the lenses (L1, L2, L3) and/or polarizing portions (P1, P2) of FIGS. 6A and 6B, and 'lens surface (surface; Surf)' describes an ordinal number assigned to a surface of a lens or polarizing portion that transmits (or reflects) light, and may be an ordinal number sequentially assigned along the reverse direction of the light path from the display (D) to the user's eye (E). The 'Display window' of [Table 2] (e.g., the cover window (W) of FIGS. 6a and 6b) may be a substantially transparent plate as a plate for protecting the display.

The aspherical coefficients of the tables described below, including [Table 3] and [Table 4], can be calculated from [Mathematical Formula 1] below.

[Mathematical Formula 1]

Here, "x" is the distance from the apex of the lens in the direction of the ray axis (O), "y" is the distance from the ray axis (O) in the direction perpendicular to the ray axis (O), 'R' is the radius of curvature at the apex of the lens, 'K' is the Conic constant, and ' ' may each mean an aspherical coefficient. Among the aspherical coefficient(s) of [Formula 2], an aspherical coefficient whose value is 0 (zero) may be omitted from [Table 3] or [Table 4] described below.

REF. Lens surface
(Surf) Lens surface type Radius of curvature
(radius) thickness
(Thick) texture refractive index
(nd) Abe number
(vd) Refractive mode 　 User's Eyes (E) Sphere infinity infinity 　 　 　 refraction 　 iris Sphere infinity 10,000 　 　 　 refraction L1 2 Asphere 117.093 3.723 OPTIMAS7500 1.497 57.39 refraction 3 Asphere -77.862 0.120 　 　 　 refraction P1 4 Sphere -100,000 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 5 Sphere -100,000 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction L2 6 Sphere -100,000 1,800 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 7 Asphere -1466.991 0.130 　 　 　 refraction L3 8 Asphere 168.248 7.117 OPTIMAS7500 1.497 57.39 refraction 9 Asphere -40.535 -7.117 OPTIMAS7500 1.497 57.39 reflection 10 Asphere 168.248 -0.130 　 　 　 refraction L2 11 Asphere -1466.991 -1.800 EP5000 　 　 refraction 12 Sphere -100,000 -0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction P1 13 Sphere -100,000 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 reflection L2 14 Sphere -100,000 1,800 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 15 Asphere -1466.991 0.130 　 　 　 refraction L3 16 Asphere 168.248 7.117 OPTIMAS7500 1.497 57.39 refraction 17 Asphere -40.535 0.656 　 　 　 refraction P2 18 Sphere infinity 0.176 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction Display
window 19 Sphere infinity 0.500 BSC7_HOYA 1.520 64.2 refraction 20 Sphere infinity 0.010 　 　 　 refraction 　 display Sphere infinity 0.000 　 　 　 　

Surf 2 3 7 8 9 Radius of curvature 117.093 -77.862 -1466.991 168.248 -40.535 k(conic) 24.869 7.339 99,000 28.809 -0.046 A4 -4.84E-05 -3.05E-05 4.11E-05 4.43E-05 -3.94E-07 A6 1.68E-07 -1.96E-07 -2.91E-07 -3.03E-07 1.54E-08 A8 -1.11E-09 1.62E-09 7.27E-10 9.59E-10 4.68E-11 A10 5.27E-12 -2.23E-12 -8.10E-13 -2.34E-12 -4.74E-13 A12 -8.13E-15 0 2.65E-16 2.32E-15 5.74E-16

Surf 10 11 15 16 17 Radius of curvature 168.248 -1466.991 -1466.991 168.248 -40.535 k(conic) 28.809 99,000 99,000 28.809 -0.046 A4 4.43E-05 4.11E-05 4.11E-05 4.43E-05 -3.94E-07 A6 -3.03E-07 -2.91E-07 -2.91E-07 -3.03E-07 1.54E-08 A8 9.59E-10 7.27E-10 7.27E-10 9.59E-10 4.68E-11 A10 -2.34E-12 -8.10E-13 -8.10E-13 -2.34E-12 -4.74E-13 A12 2.32E-15 2.65E-16 2.65E-16 2.32E-15 5.74E-16

FIG. 6C is a graph showing spherical aberration of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (500) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the horizontal axis represents a coefficient of longitudinal spherical aberration, the vertical axis represents a normalized distance from the light axis (O), and shows a change in longitudinal spherical aberration according to the wavelength of light. The longitudinal spherical aberration is shown for light having wavelengths of, for example, 617.0000 (NM, nanometer), 530.0000 (NM), and 459.0000 (NM), respectively. FIG. 6d is a graph showing astigmatic field curves for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of the optical system of the wearable electronic device (500) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where 'S' exemplifies a sagittal plane and 'T' exemplifies a tangential plane or meridional plane. FIG. 6e is a graph showing distortion for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of the optical system of the wearable electronic device (500) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6f is a graph showing modulation transfer function by field of view according to spatial frequency change of the optical system of FIG. 6a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6g is a graph showing modulation transfer function by field of view according to defocusing position at a specific spatial frequency of the optical system of FIG. 6a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 7a is a graph of the modulation transfer function according to the change in spatial frequency of the existing optical system by field of view. Fig. 7b is a graph of the modulation transfer function according to the field of view according to the position on the display at a specific frequency of the existing optical system. In Figs. 6f and 7a, the horizontal axis (or X-axis) may represent the spatial frequency (cycles/mm or lp/mm), and the vertical axis (or Y-axis) may represent the modulation, that is, the contrast (%). In Figs. 6g and 7b, the horizontal axis (or X-axis) may represent the defocusing position (mm), and the vertical axis (or Y-axis) may represent the modulation, that is, the contrast (%). Figs. 6f to 7b may represent graphs of field of view of the diffraction limit (or Diff. Limit), 0.000 degrees (or deg), 10.000 degrees, 20.000 degrees, and 30.000 degrees. In the present disclosure, the defocusing position 0 may be the design position of the optical system and the position of the display (D) where the focus of the optical system is best.

FIG. 6F and FIG. 7A may be graphs of modulation transfer function (MTF) according to changes in spatial frequency (or spatial resolution) (lp/mm) in the range of 0 to about 140 lp/mm for each viewing angle. For example, on the MTF graph, the higher the contrast at each spatial frequency, the higher the clarity of the screen (e.g., center and periphery) of the display (D). For example, when the modulation (or contrast) of the graphs for each viewing angle (0.000 degrees, 10.000 degrees, 20.000 degrees, 30.000) at a spatial frequency of 44 lp/mm are all 0.5 or higher, it can be understood that the clarity of the screen (e.g., center and periphery) of the display (D) is high.

Figures 6g and 7b may be graphs of modulation transfer function (MTF) according to changes in the defocusing position at a spatial frequency (or spatial resolution) of 44 lp/mm of the optical system. For example, when the defocusing position is 0, the modulation (or contrast) of the graphs for each angle of view may be the largest and the clarity may be high. For example, when the modulation (or contrast) of the graphs for each angle of view is all 0.5 or higher when the defocusing position is 0, it can be understood that the clarity is high both in the center and the periphery of the screen of the display (D).

In general, the contrast sensitivity of the human eye may be highest when 10 cpd (line pairs) exist within a 1 degree field of view. In an optical system having a field of view of about 100 degrees or more (e.g., about 108 degrees) according to embodiments 1 to 6 of the present disclosure, for a condition of 10 lp per degree, the contrast sensitivity of the human eye may be highest when 1080 lp is visible in the entire field of view, which may be a condition where 2160 lines are visible. For example, when half of the diagonal length of the display (D) is 12.32 mm and 2160 lines are displayed on the display (D), the height of one line may be 24.64 mm/2160, that is, 0.0114 mm, and when this is converted to a spatial frequency, it may be about 44 lp/mm. Therefore, under the 10cpd condition, the reference spatial frequency is 44lp/mm, and when the modulation (or contrast) at that frequency is 0.5 or more, i.e., 50% or more on the graph, it can be understood that the clarity is high. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure (e.g., FIGS. 6f, 6g, 8f, and 8g), the modulation (or contrast) of the graphs for each viewing angle (0.000 degrees, 10.000 degrees, 20.000 degrees, 30.000) at the spatial frequency of 44lp/mm can all be 0.5 or more.

The optical system of FIGS. 7A and 7B includes three lenses, a display, a first polarizing portion arranged between a first lens and a second lens, and a second polarizing portion arranged between a third lens and the display. However, unlike the optical systems according to the above-described Embodiment 1 and Embodiments 2 to 6 of the present disclosure (see FIGS. 6A to 6G and FIGS. 8A to 12E), the shape of one side of the first polarizing portion can be formed to be substantially close to a plane. Hereinafter, the effect of improving the sharpness of the optical system by forming the shape of one side of the first polarizing portion (P1) into a curved surface, like the optical systems according to the above-described Embodiment 1 and Embodiments 2 to 6 (see FIGS. 6A to 6G and FIGS. 8A to 12E), in comparison with the sharpness of the existing optical system of FIGS. 7A and 7B, will be described.

Referring to Fig. 7a, in the conventional optical system, the modulation (or contrast) may be less than 0.5 at a spatial frequency of 44 lp/mm at some angles of view (e.g., F2:T(ANG) 10.000deg, F3:T(ANG) 20.000deg, F4:T(ANG) 30.000deg). On the other hand, referring to Fig. 6f, unlike the conventional optical system, in the optical system in which the first polarizing portion (P1) is configured as a curved surface, the modulation (or contrast) of the graphs for each angle of view is all measured to be greater than 0.5 at a spatial frequency of 44 lp/mm, so that higher clarity of the screen (e.g., center and periphery) of the display (D) can be secured compared to the conventional optical system. Referring to Fig. 7b, in the conventional optical system, there may exist an angle of view in which the modulation (or contrast) is less than 0.5 when the defocusing position is 0. On the other hand, referring to FIG. 6g, in the optical system according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, when the defocusing position is 0, the modulation (or contrast) of all graphs for each angle of view can be 0.5 or higher, and it can be confirmed that not only the center but also the periphery of the screen of the display (D) is clear compared to the existing optical system. In addition, referring to FIG. 6g, in the optical system according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, when the defocusing position is 0, the modulation (or contrast) of all graphs for each angle of view is 0 or higher, and the deviation of the modulation (or contrast) value in the peak part (around the defocusing position 0) of the graphs for each angle of view can be smaller than in the existing optical system (e.g., refer to FIG. 7b), and not only the center but also the periphery of the screen of the display (D) can be clear compared to the existing optical system (e.g., refer to FIG. 7b) of the graphs for each angle of view, and the deviation of the sharpness can be smaller.

[Example 2]

FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating a wearable electronic device (600) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 and/or the wearable electronic devices (200, 300, 400, 500) of FIGS. 2 to 6A). FIG. 8B is an enlarged diagram illustrating a portion B of FIG. 8A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8C is a graph illustrating spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 8A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8D is a graph illustrating astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 8A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8E is a graph illustrating distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 8A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 8a may be referred to as the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b. The description given above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b regarding the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 8a may be applied, and may not be repeated hereinafter.

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 8A to 8E, an optical system (or display device) including a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) may have a focal length (f) of about 15.1 mm, an F-number (or FNO) of about 3.7, a horizontal field of view (HFoV) of the optical system of about 54.0 mm, and an image height (ImgH) of about 12.32 mm. According to one embodiment, one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) of the lens assembly (LA) (e.g., the wearable electronic device (600)) may have negative refractive power, and the other two lenses may have positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power, and the second lens (L2) may have negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power, and the third lens (L3) may have negative refractive power. When at least one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) is designed to have negative refractive power, the chromatic aberration control performance and optical performance of the lens assembly (LA) of the wearable electronic device (600) may be improved.

In one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) can be manufactured to the specifications presented in [Table 5] and can have aspheric coefficients in [Table 6] and [Table 7].

In [Table 5], 'REF.' exemplifies a reference number assigned to the lenses (L1, L2, L3) and/or polarizing parts (P1, P2) of FIGS. 8a and 8b, and 'lens surface (surface; Surf)' describes an ordinal number assigned to a surface of a lens or polarizing part that transmits (or reflects) light, and may be sequentially assigned an ordinal number along the reverse direction of the light path from the display (D) to the user's eye (E). The 'Display window' of [Table 5] (e.g., the cover window (W) of FIGS. 8a and 8b) may be a substantially transparent plate as a plate for protecting the display.

REF. Lens surface
(surface) Surface
Type Radius of curvature
(radius) thickness
(thick) texture refractive index
(nd) Abe number
(vd) Refractive mode 　 User's Eyes (E) Sphere infinity infinity 　 　 　 refraction 　 iris
(stop) Sphere infinity 10,000 　 　 　 refraction L1 2 Asphere 177.917 2.708 APE5014 1.497 57.39 refraction 3 Sphere -100,000 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction P1 4 Sphere -100,000 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 5 Sphere -100,000 0.120 　 　 　 refraction L2 6 Asphere -372.747 1,800 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 7 Asphere 131.463 0.130 　 　 　 refraction L3 8 Asphere 200.396 7.190 APE5014 1.497 57.39 refraction 9 Asphere -40.445 -7.190 APE5014 1.497 57.39 reflection 10 Asphere 200.396 -0.130 　 　 　 refraction L2 11 Asphere 131.463 -1.800 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 12 Asphere -372.747 -0.120 　 　 　 refraction P1 13 Sphere -100,000 -0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 14 Sphere -100,000 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 reflection 15 Sphere -100,000 0.120 　 　 　 refraction L2 16 Asphere -372.747 1,800 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 17 Asphere 131.463 0.130 　 　 　 refraction L3 18 Asphere 200.396 7.190 APE5014 1.497 57.39 refraction 19 Asphere -40.445 0.656 　 　 　 refraction P2 20 Sphere infinity 0.176 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction Display
window 21 Sphere infinity 0.500 BSC7 1.520 64.2 refraction 22 Sphere infinity 0.010 　 　 　 refraction 　 display Sphere infinity 0.000 　 　 　 　

Surf 2 6 7 8 9 10 Radius of curvature 177.917 -372.747 131.463 200.396 -40.445 200.396 k(conic) 87.379 99,000 16.447 78.610 0.023 78.610 A4 -2.39E-05 -2.27E-05 1.02E-05 5.30E-05 1.96E-06 5.30E-05 A6 2.97E-07 1.79E-07 -9.27E-08 -3.52E-07 3.99E-09 -3.52E-07 A8 -2.46E-09 -6.68E-10 2.01E-10 1.07E-09 5.28E-11 1.07E-09 A10 8.53E-12 8.00E-13 -4.82E-13 -2.35E-12 -4.15E-13 -2.35E-12 A12 -1.25E-14 6.95E-17 5.09E-16 2.24E-15 5.39E-16 2.24E-15

Surf 11 12 16 17 18 19 Radius of curvature 131.463 -372.747 -372.747 131.463 200.396 -40.445 k(conic) 16.447 99,000 99,000 16.447 78.610 0.023 A4 1.02E-05 -2.27E-05 -2.27E-05 1.02E-05 5.30E-05 1.96E-06 A6 -9.27E-08 1.79E-07 1.79E-07 -9.27E-08 -3.52E-07 3.99E-09 A8 2.01E-10 -6.68E-10 -6.68E-10 2.01E-10 1.07E-09 5.28E-11 A10 -4.82E-13 8.00E-13 8.00E-13 -4.82E-13 -2.35E-12 -4.15E-13 A12 5.09E-16 6.95E-17 6.95E-17 5.09E-16 2.24E-15 5.39E-16

FIG. 8C is a graph showing spherical aberration of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (600) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the horizontal axis represents a coefficient of longitudinal spherical aberration, the vertical axis represents a normalized distance from the light axis (O), and shows a change in longitudinal spherical aberration according to the wavelength of light. The longitudinal spherical aberration is shown for light having wavelengths of, for example, 617.0000 (NM, nanometer), 530.0000 (NM), and 459.0000 (NM), respectively. FIG. 8d is a graph showing astigmatic field curves for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (600) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, where 'S' exemplifies a sagittal plane and 'T' exemplifies a tangential plane or meridional plane. FIG. 8e is a graph showing distortion for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (600) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8F is a graph of the modulation transfer function for each field of view according to the spatial frequency change of the optical system of FIG. 8A according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8G is a graph of the modulation transfer function for each field of view according to the position on the display at a specific spatial frequency of the optical system of FIG. 8A according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In FIGS. 8F and 8G, the horizontal axis (or X-axis) may represent spatial frequency (cycles/mm or lp/mm), and the vertical axis (or Y-axis) may represent modulation, i.e., contrast (%). In FIGS. 8F and 8G, the horizontal axis (or X-axis) may represent defocusing position (mm), and the vertical axis (or Y-axis) may represent modulation, i.e., contrast (%). FIGS. 8F and 8G may illustrate graphs of diffraction limit (or Diff. Limit), 0.000 degrees (or deg), 10.000 degrees, 20.000 degrees, and 30.000 degrees of field of view. In the present disclosure, the defocusing position of 0 may be a design position of the optical system, which may be a position of the display (D) at which the optical system is most focused.

In FIGS. 8f and 8g, the description given above with reference to FIGS. 6f to 7b may be equally applied, and may not be described repeatedly here.

Referring to Fig. 7a, in the conventional optical system, the modulation (or contrast) may be less than 0.5 at a spatial frequency of 44 lp/mm in some angles of view (e.g., F2:T(ANG) 10.000deg, F3:T(ANG) 20.000deg, F4:T(ANG) 30.000deg). On the other hand, referring to Fig. 8f, unlike the conventional optical system, in the optical system in which the first polarizing portion (P1) is configured as a curved surface, the modulation (or contrast) of the graphs for each angle of view is all measured to be greater than 0.5 at a spatial frequency of 44 lp/mm, so that higher clarity of the screen (e.g., center and periphery) of the display (D) can be secured compared to the conventional optical system. Referring to Fig. 7b, in the conventional optical system, there may exist an angle of view in which the modulation (or contrast) is less than 0.5 when the defocusing position is 0. On the other hand, referring to FIG. 8g, when the defocusing position is 0, the modulation (or contrast) of all graphs for each angle of view can be 0.5 or higher, and it can be confirmed that not only the center of the screen of the display (D) but also the periphery is clear compared to the existing optical system. In addition, referring to FIG. 8g, in the optical system according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, when the defocusing position is 0, the modulation (or contrast) of all graphs for each angle of view is 0 or higher, and the deviation of the modulation (or contrast) value in the peak part (around the defocusing position 0) of the graphs for each angle of view can be smaller than that of the existing optical system (e.g., refer to FIG. 7b), and not only the center of the screen of the display (D) but also the periphery can be clear and the deviation of the sharpness can be smaller than that of the existing optical system (e.g., refer to FIG. 7b) of the graphs for each angle of view.

[Example 3]

FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating a wearable electronic device (700) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 and/or the wearable electronic devices (200, 300, 400, 500) of FIGS. 2 to 6A). FIG. 9B is an enlarged diagram illustrating a portion C of FIG. 9A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9C is a graph illustrating spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 9A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9D is a graph illustrating astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 9A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9E is a graph illustrating distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 9A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 9a may be referred to as the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b. The description given above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b regarding the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 9a may be applied, and may not be repeated hereinafter.

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 9A to 9E, an optical system (or display device) including a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) may have a focal length (f) of about 15.09 mm, an F-number (or FNO) of about 3.77, a horizontal field of view (HFoV) of the optical system of about 54.0, and an image height (ImgH) of about 12.313 mm.

According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) can be joined to each other, and the first polarizing portion (P1) can be placed on the display side (D1) of the first lens (L1) and the user's eye side (E2) of the second lens (L2).

According to one embodiment, one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) of the lens assembly (LA) (e.g., the wearable electronic device (700)) may have negative refractive power, and the remaining two lenses may have positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power, and the second lens (L2) may have negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power, and the third lens (L3) may have negative refractive power. When at least one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) is designed to have negative refractive power, the chromatic aberration control performance and optical performance of the lens assembly (LA) of the wearable electronic device (700) may be improved.

In one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) can be manufactured with the specifications presented in [Table 8] and can have aspheric coefficients of [Table 9] and [Table 10]. In [Table 8], 'REF.' exemplifies reference numbers assigned to lenses (L1, L2, L3) and/or polarizers (P1, P2) of FIGS. 9a and 9b, and 'lens surface (surface; Surf)' describes an ordinal assigned to a surface of a lens or polarizer that transmits (or reflects) light, and may be sequentially assigned an ordinal number along the reverse direction of the light path from the display (D) to the user's eye (E). The 'Display window' of [Table 8] (e.g., the cover window (W) of FIGS. 9a and 9b) may be a substantially transparent plate as a plate for protecting a display.

REF. Lens surface
(Surf) Lens surface type Radius of curvature
(radius) thickness
(Thick) texture refractive index
(nd) Abe number
(vd) Refractive mode 　 User's Eyes (E) Sphere infinity infinity 　 　 　 refraction 　 iris
(stop) Sphere infinity 10,000 　 　 refraction L1 2 Asphere 88.037 5.297 APEA5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 3 Sphere -60 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction P1 4 Sphere -60 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 5 Sphere -60 0.000 refraction L2 6 Sphere -60 2,000 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 7 Asphere -256.943 0.206 　 　 refraction L3 8 Asphere -2870.289 6.362 APE5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 9 Asphere -36.184 -6.362 APE5014 1.547 55.9 reflection 10 Asphere -2870.290 -0.206 　 　 refraction L2 11 Asphere -256.943 -2.000 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 12 Sphere -60 0.000 refraction P1 13 Sphere -60 -0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 14 Sphere -60 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 reflection 15 Sphere -60 0.000 refraction L2 16 Sphere -60 2,000 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 17 Asphere -256.943 0.206 refraction L3 18 Asphere -2870.290 6.362 APE5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 19 Asphere -36.184 0.700 refraction P2 20 Sphere infinity 0.196 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction Display
window 21 Sphere infinity 0.500 BSC7 1.520 64.2 refraction 22 Sphere infinity 0.008 　 display Sphere infinity 0.000 　 　 　

Surf 2 7 8 9 10 Radius of curvature 88.037 -256.943 -2870.29 -36.184 -2870.290 k(conic) 17.771 -99 99 -3.129 99 A4 -5.51E-06 -7.15E-06 -1.82E-05 -9.69E-06 -1.82E-05 A6 -3.34E-08 -6.43E-10 4.02E-08 4.71E-09 4.02E-08 A8 3.03E-10 1.14E-10 2.98E-11 -2.81E-12 2.98E-11 A10 -1.95E-12 -2.98E-13 -1.93E-13 9.04E-16 -1.93E-13 A12 5.42E-15 0 0 0 0 A14 -6.77E-18 0 0 0

Surf 11 17 18 19 Radius of curvature -256.943 -256.943 -2870.290 -36.184 k(conic) -99 -99 99 -3.1286 A4 -7.15E-06 -7.15E-06 -1.82E-05 -9.69E-06 A6 -6.43E-10 -6.43E-10 4.02E-08 4.71E-09 A8 1.14E-10 1.14E-10 2.98E-11 -2.81E-12 A10 -2.98E-13 -2.98E-13 -1.93E-13 9.04E-16 A12 0 0 0 0 A14 0 0 0 0

FIG. 9C is a graph showing spherical aberration of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (700) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the horizontal axis represents a coefficient of longitudinal spherical aberration, the vertical axis represents a normalized distance from the light axis (O), and shows a change in longitudinal spherical aberration according to the wavelength of light. The longitudinal spherical aberration is shown for light having wavelengths of, for example, 617.0000 (NM, nanometer), 530.0000 (NM), and 459.0000 (NM), respectively. FIG. 9d is a graph showing astigmatic field curves for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (700) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where 'S' exemplifies a sagittal plane and 'T' exemplifies a tangential plane or meridional plane. FIG. 9e is a graph showing distortion for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (700) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[Example 4]

FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a wearable electronic device (800) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 and/or the wearable electronic devices (200, 300, 400, 500) of FIGS. 2 to 6A). FIG. 10B is an enlarged diagram illustrating a portion F of FIG. 10A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10C is a graph illustrating spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 10A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10D is a graph illustrating astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 10A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10E is a graph illustrating distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 10A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 10a may be referred to as the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b. The description given above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b regarding the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 10a may be applied, and may not be repeated hereinafter.

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 10A to 10E, an optical system (or display device) including a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) may have a focal length (f) of about 15.04 mm, an F-number (or FNO) of about 3.76, a horizontal field of view (HFoV) of the optical system of about 54.0, and an image height (ImgH) of about 12.333 mm.

According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) can be joined to each other, and the first polarizing portion (P1) can be placed on the display side (D1) of the first lens (L1) and the user's eye side (E2) of the second lens (L2).

According to one embodiment, one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) of the lens assembly (LA) (e.g., the wearable electronic device (800)) may have negative refractive power, and the remaining two lenses may have positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power, and the second lens (L2) may have negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power, and the third lens (L3) may have negative refractive power. When at least one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) is designed to have negative refractive power, the chromatic aberration control performance and optical performance of the lens assembly (LA) of the wearable electronic device (800) may be improved.

In one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) can be manufactured with the specifications presented in [Table 11] and can have aspheric coefficients of [Table 12] and [Table 13]. In [Table 11], 'REF.' exemplifies reference numbers assigned to lenses (L1, L2, L3) and/or polarizers (P1, P2) of FIGS. 10a and 10b, and 'lens surface (surface; Surf)' describes an ordinal assigned to a surface of a lens or polarizer that transmits (or reflects) light, and may be sequentially assigned an ordinal number along the reverse direction of the light path from the display (D) to the user's eye (E). The 'Display window' of [Table 11] (e.g., the cover window (W) of FIGS. 10a and 10b) may be a substantially transparent plate as a plate for protecting a display.

REF. Lens surface
(surface) Surface
Type Radius of curvature
(radius) thickness
(thick) texture refractive index
(nd) Abe number
(vd) Refractive mode 　 User's Eyes (E) Sphere infinity infinity 　 　 　 refraction 　 iris
(stop) Sphere infinity 10,000 　 　 refraction L1 2 Asphere 108.360 4.662 APEA5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 3 Sphere -60,000 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction P1 4 Sphere -60,000 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 5 Sphere -60,000 0.000 refraction L2 6 Sphere -60,000 2,000 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 7 Asphere -1170.679 0.206 　 　 refraction L3 8 Asphere 332.987 6.446 APE5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 9 Asphere -35.867 -6.446 APE5014 1.547 55.9 reflection 10 Asphere 332.987 -0.206 　 　 refraction L2 11 Asphere -1170.679 -2.000 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 12 Sphere -60,000 0.000 refraction P1 13 Sphere -60,000 -0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 14 Sphere -60,000 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 reflection 15 Sphere -60,000 0.000 refraction L2 16 Sphere -60,000 2,000 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 17 Asphere -1170.679 0.206 refraction L3 18 Asphere 332.987 6.446 APE5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 19 Asphere -35.867 0.700 refraction P2 20 Sphere infinity 0.196 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction Display
window 21 Sphere infinity 0.500 BSC7 1.520 64.2 refraction 22 Sphere infinity 0.010 　 display Sphere infinity 0.000 　 　

Surf 2 7 8 9 10 Radius of curvature 108.360 -1170.680 332.987 -35.867 332.987 k(conic) 25.676 -99 99 -3.368 99 A4 -3.85E-06 -1.22E-05 -2.08E-05 -9.62E-06 -2.08E-05 A6 -4.35E-08 -6.43E-10 3.09E-08 5.11E-09 3.09E-08 A8 3.03E-10 1.14E-10 3.37E-11 -5.81E-12 3.37E-11 A10 -1.95E-12 -3.08E-13 -1.77E-13 4.81E-15 -1.77E-13 A12 5.73E-15 0 0 0 0 A14 -7.60E-18 0 0 0

Surf 11 17 18 19 Radius of curvature -1170.680 -1170.680 332.987 -35.867 k(conic) -99 -99 99 -3.368 A4 -1.22E-05 -1.22E-05 -2.08E-05 -9.62E-06 A6 -6.43E-10 -6.43E-10 3.09E-08 5.11E-09 A8 1.14E-10 1.14E-10 3.37E-11 -5.81E-12 A10 -3.08E-13 -3.08E-13 -1.77E-13 4.81E-15 A12 0 0 0 0 A14 0 0 0 0

FIG. 10C is a graph showing spherical aberration of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (800) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the horizontal axis represents a coefficient of longitudinal spherical aberration, the vertical axis represents a normalized distance from the light axis (O), and shows a change in longitudinal spherical aberration according to the wavelength of light. The longitudinal spherical aberration is shown for light having wavelengths of, for example, 617.0000 (NM, nanometer), 530.0000 (NM), and 459.0000 (NM), respectively. FIG. 10d is a graph showing astigmatic field curves for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (800) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where 'S' exemplifies a sagittal plane and 'T' exemplifies a tangential plane or meridional plane. FIG. 10e is a graph showing distortion for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (800) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Example 5]

FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating a wearable electronic device (900) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 and/or the wearable electronic devices (200, 300, 400, 500) of FIGS. 2 to 6A). FIG. 11B is an enlarged diagram illustrating a portion G of FIG. 11A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11C is a graph illustrating spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 11A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11D is a graph illustrating astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 11A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11E is a graph illustrating distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 11A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 11a may be referred to as the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b. The description given above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6a, and 6b regarding the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 11a may be applied, and may not be repeated hereinafter.

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 11A to 11E, an optical system (or display device) including a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) may have a focal length (f) of about 14.26 mm, an F-number (or FNO) of about 3.57, a horizontal field of view (HFoV) of the optical system of about 54.0 mm, and an image height (ImgH) of about 12.3 mm.

According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) can be joined to each other, and the first polarizing portion (P1) can be placed on the display side (D1) of the first lens (L1) and the user's eye side (E2) of the second lens (L2).

According to one embodiment, one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) of the lens assembly (LA) (e.g., the wearable electronic device (900)) may have negative refractive power, and the remaining two lenses may have positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power, and the second lens (L2) may have negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power, and the third lens (L3) may have negative refractive power. When at least one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) is designed to have negative refractive power, the chromatic aberration control performance and optical performance of the lens assembly (LA) of the wearable electronic device (900) may be improved.

In one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) may be manufactured with the specifications presented in [Table 14] and may have an aspherical coefficient of [Table 15]. In [Table 14], 'REF.' exemplifies a reference number assigned to the lenses (L1, L2, L3) and/or polarizers (P1, P2) of FIGS. 11a and 11b, and 'lens surface (surface; Surf)' describes an ordinal number assigned to a surface of a lens or polarizer that transmits (or reflects) light, and may be sequentially assigned an ordinal number along the reverse direction of the light path from the display (D) to the user's eye (E). The 'Display window' of [Table 14] (e.g., the cover window (W) of FIGS. 11a and 11b) may be a substantially transparent plate as a plate for protecting a display.

REF. Lens surface
(surface) Surface
Type Radius of curvature
(radius) thickness
(thick) texture refractive index
(nd) Abe number
(vd) Refractive mode User's Eyes (E) Sphere infinity infinity refraction iris
(stop) Sphere infinity 10,000 refraction L1 2 Asphere 384.534 5.974 APE5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 3 Sphere -47.535 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction P1 4 Sphere -47.535 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction L2 5 Sphere -47.535 2,600 EP5000 1.495 57.47 refraction L3 6 Sphere -73.447 5.830 APE5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 7 Asphere -31.281 -5.830 APE5014 1.547 55.9 reflection L2 8 Sphere -73.447 -2.600 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 9 Sphere -47.535 -0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 reflection P1 10 Sphere -47.535 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction L2 11 Sphere -47.535 2,600 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction L3 12 Sphere -73.447 5.830 APE5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 13 Asphere -31.281 0.500 refraction P2 14 Sphere infinity 0.196 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction Display
window 15 Sphere infinity 0.500 BSC7 1.520 64.2 refraction 16 Sphere infinity 0.105 refraction display Sphere infinity 0.000

Surf 2 7 13 Radius of curvature 384.534 -31.281 -31.281 k(conic) 1.36E+01 -8.31E-01 -8.31E-01 A4 -9.59E-06 -4.29E-06 -4.29E-06 A6 1.27E-07 1.75E-09 1.75E-09 A8 7.55E-10 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 A10 -1.54E-11 0 0 A12 6.76E-14 0 0 A14 -9.55E-17 0 0

FIG. 11C is a graph showing spherical aberration of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (900) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the horizontal axis represents a coefficient of longitudinal spherical aberration, the vertical axis represents a normalized distance from the light axis (O), and shows a change in longitudinal spherical aberration according to the wavelength of light. The longitudinal spherical aberration is shown for light having wavelengths of, for example, 617.0000 (NM, nanometer), 530.0000 (NM), and 459.0000 (NM), respectively. FIG. 11d is a graph showing astigmatic field curves for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (900) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, where 'S' exemplifies a sagittal plane and 'T' exemplifies a tangential plane or meridional plane. FIG. 11e is a graph showing distortion for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (900) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Example 6]

FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a wearable electronic device (1000) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 and/or the wearable electronic devices (200, 300, 400, 500) of FIGS. 2 to 6A). FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating an enlarged portion H of FIG. 12A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 12C is a graph illustrating spherical aberration of the optical system of FIG. 12A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 12D is a graph illustrating astigmatism of the optical system of FIG. 12A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 12E is a graph illustrating distortion aberration of the optical system of FIG. 12A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 12 may be referred to as the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIGS. 5, 6A, and 6B. The description given above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6A, and 6B regarding the lens assembly (LA) and display (D) of FIG. 12A may be applied, and may not be repeated hereinafter.

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 12A to 12E, an optical system (or display device) including a display (D) and a lens assembly (LA) may have a focal length (f) of about 17.00 mm, an F-number (or FNO) of about 4.25, a horizontal field of view (HFoV) of the optical system of about 54.0, and an image height (ImgH) of about 15.52 mm.

According to one embodiment, one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) of the lens assembly (LA) (e.g., the wearable electronic device (1000)) may have negative refractive power, and the remaining two lenses may have positive refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the third lens (L3) may have positive refractive power, and the second lens (L2) may have negative refractive power. According to one embodiment, the first lens (L1) and the second lens (L2) may have positive refractive power, and the third lens (L3) may have negative refractive power. When at least one of the three lenses (L1, L2, L3) is designed to have negative refractive power, the chromatic aberration control performance and optical performance of the lens assembly (LA) of the wearable electronic device (1000) may be improved.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing portion (P1) may be disposed on the display side (D1) of the first lens (L1).

In one embodiment, the lens assembly (LA) can be manufactured with the specifications presented in [Table 16] and can have aspheric coefficients of [Table 17] and [Table 18]. In [Table 16], 'REF.' exemplifies reference numbers assigned to lenses (L1, L2, L3) and/or polarizers (P1, P2) of FIGS. 12a and 12b, and 'lens surface (surface; Surf)' describes an ordinal number assigned to a lens surface or polarizer surface that transmits (or reflects) light, and may be sequentially assigned an ordinal number along the reverse direction of the light path from the display (D) to the user's eye (E). The 'Display window' of [Table 1] (e.g., the cover window (W) of FIGS. 12a and 12b) may be a substantially transparent plate as a plate for protecting the display.

REF. Lens surface
(surface) Surface
Type Radius of curvature
(radius) thickness
(thick) texture refractive index
(nd) Abe number
(vd) Refractive mode 　 User's Eyes (E) Sphere infinity infinity 　 　 　 refraction 　 iris
(stop) Sphere infinity 10,000 　 　 refraction L1 2 Asphere 329.621 3,400 APEA5014 1.547 55.9 refraction 3 Sphere 920.267 0.090 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction P1 4 Sphere 920.267 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 5 Sphere 920.267 0.400 refraction L2 6 Asphere 35.891 9.184 OPTIMAS7500 1.497 57.39 refraction 7 Asphere -41.256 0.547 　 　 refraction L3 8 Asphere -35.426 1.600 EP5000 1.644 24.0 refraction 9 Asphere -74.645 -1.600 EP5000 1.644 24.0 reflection 10 Asphere -35.426 -0.547 　 　 refraction L2 11 Asphere -41.256 -9.184 OPTIMAS7500 1.497 57.39 refraction 12 Asphere 35.891 -0.400 refraction P1 13 Sphere 920.267 -0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction 14 Sphere 920.267 0.210 Film 1.495 57.47 reflection 15 Sphere 920.267 0.400 refraction L2 16 Asphere 35.891 9.184 OPTIMAS7500 1.497 57.39 refraction 17 Asphere -41.256 0.547 refraction L3 18 Asphere -35.426 1.600 EP5000 1.634 23.96 refraction 19 Asphere -74.645 0.100 refraction P2 20 Sphere infinity 0.176 Film 1.495 57.47 refraction Display
window 21 Sphere infinity 0.500 BSC7 1.520 64.2 refraction 22 Sphere infinity 0.025 　 display Sphere infinity -0.015 　 　

Surf 2 6 7 8 9 10 Radius of curvature 329.621 35.891 -41.256 -35.426 -74.645 -35.426 k(conic) -99.000 -17.961 -2.241 -0.236 -10.292 -0.236 A4 3.44E-05 1.18E-05 -3.02E-05 -1.43E-05 -2.46E-06 -1.43E-05 A6 -7.65E-08 -9.54E-08 2.59E-07 1.36E-07 -3.26E-09 1.36E-07 A8 6.02E-11 1.90E-10 -1.01E-09 -4.37E-10 1.13E-11 -4.37E-10 A10 0 -1.53E-13 1.84E-12 6.25E-13 1.45E-15 6.25E-13 A12 0 0 -1.15E-15 3.00E-16 -1.73E-17 3.00E-16 A14 0 0 0 -1.19E-18 0.00E+00 -1.19E-18 A16 0 0 0 5.06E-22 0.00E+00 5.06E-22

Surf 11 12 16 17 18 19 Radius of curvature -41.256 35.891 35.891 -41.256 -35.426 -74.645 k(conic) -2.241 -17.961 -17.961 -2.241 -0.236 -10.292 A4 -3.02E-05 1.18E-05 1.18E-05 -3.02E-05 -1.43E-05 -2.46E-06 A6 2.59E-07 -9.54E-08 -9.54E-08 2.59E-07 1.36E-07 -3.26E-09 A8 -1.01E-09 1.90E-10 1.90E-10 -1.01E-09 -4.37E-10 1.13E-11 A10 1.84E-12 -1.53E-13 -1.53E-13 1.84E-12 6.25E-13 1.45E-15 A12 -1.15E-15 0 0 -1.15E-15 3.00E-16 -1.73E-17 A14 0 0 0 0 -1.19E-18 0 A16 0 0 0 0 5.06E-22 0

FIG. 12C is a graph showing spherical aberration of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (1000) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the horizontal axis represents a coefficient of longitudinal spherical aberration, the vertical axis represents a normalized distance from the light axis (O), and shows a change in longitudinal spherical aberration according to the wavelength of light. The longitudinal spherical aberration is shown for light having wavelengths of, for example, 617.0000 (NM, nanometer), 530.0000 (NM), and 459.0000 (NM), respectively. FIG. 12d is a graph showing astigmatic field curves for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (1000) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where 'S' exemplifies a sagittal plane and 'T' exemplifies a tangential plane or meridional plane. FIG. 12e is a graph showing a distortion rate for light having a wavelength of 530.0000 (NM) of an optical system of a wearable electronic device (1000) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical system and a wearable electronic device (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) (or a display device) including the same can implement an optical system having a good wide-angle or ultra-wide-angle performance and high-resolution performance with a field of view (FOV) of about 100 degrees or more (e.g., about 108 degrees) by satisfying at least some of the above-described lens characteristics, specifications, or conditions, with a minimum number of lenses (e.g., 3) and a small display, and can be miniaturized while easily controlling aberrations to implement good image quality and clarity. For example, a wearable electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can reduce user fatigue and dizziness, etc., even when used while worn on a user's head or face.

The challenges addressed by this disclosure may be defined in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. The benefits achieved by this disclosure are not limited to those mentioned above, and various other benefits may be provided, directly or indirectly, through this document.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a display device may be provided. The display device may include a display configured to output light and a lens assembly configured to guide light output from the display toward a user's eye. The lens assembly may include at least three lenses (L1, L2, L3) including a first lens (L1), a second lens (L2), and a third lens (L3) sequentially arranged from the user's eye side toward the display side along a light axis (O). The lens assembly may include a first polarizing portion (P1) disposed on one surface of a curved surface including at least one inflection point of at least one of the first lens or the second lens, and a second polarizing portion (P2) disposed on the display. At least one of the eye-side surface or the display-side surface of at least one of the at least three lenses may include at least one inflection point. The third lens may be configured to function as a beam splitter (BS; 404). The above lens assembly can satisfy the following [Formula 1].

[Formula 1]

(Here, FOV is the angle of view of the lens assembly, and EFL is the synthetic focal length)

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing member may be disposed on the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens, which is a curved surface including at least one inflection point.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing member may be positioned on the user's eye-side surface (E2) of the second lens, which is a curved surface including at least one inflection point.

According to one embodiment, the at least three lenses can satisfy the following [Equation 2].

[Formula 2]

(Here, is the minimum value of the Abbe number of at least three lenses)

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing member can satisfy the following [Equation 3].

[Formula 3]

(Here, is the radius of curvature of one side of the first polarizing element)

According to one embodiment, the first lens can satisfy the following [Equation 4].

[Formula 4]

(Here, oal is the distance from the user's eye side of the first lens to the display, and Dh is the maximum height of the display)

According to one embodiment, the effective diameter value of the display side (D3) of the third lens may be the maximum among the effective diameter values of the at least three lenses.

According to one embodiment, at least one of the at least three lenses may have negative refractive power.

According to one embodiment, light output from the display may be configured to be reflected two or more times between the first lens and the third lens closest to the display among the at least three lenses when passing through the lens assembly.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing member may be disposed between the first lens and a third lens closest to the display among the at least three lenses, and the second polarizing member may be disposed between the display and the third lens.

In one embodiment, the beam splitter may be positioned between the third lens closest to the display among the at least three lenses and the second polarizing element.

According to one embodiment, the display further includes a window member disposed on the user's eye side, and the second polarizing portion may be disposed on the user's eye side of the window member.

In one embodiment, the field of view (FOV) of the optical system may be greater than 100 degrees.

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing unit may include a first polarizer (401), a first reflective polarizer (402), and a first quarter wave plate (403). The second polarizing unit may include a second quarter wave plate (405) and a second polarizer (406).

In one embodiment, the first polarizer, the first reflective polarizer, and the first 1/4 wave plate of the first polarizing unit may be coupled to each other or spaced apart from each other with at least one of another polarizing layer, an air layer, or a dummy layer therebetween. The second 1/4 wave plate and the second polarizer of the second polarizing unit may be coupled to each other or spaced apart from each other with at least one of another polarizing layer, an air layer, or a dummy layer therebetween.

In one embodiment, the polarization axis of the first polarizer and the polarization axis of the second polarizer may form a 90 degree angle. The fast axis of the first 1/4 wave plate and the fast axis of the second 1/4 wave plate may form a 90 degree angle.

According to one embodiment, the display side (D1) of the first lens and the user's eye side (E2) of the second lens can be joined to each other with the first polarizing portion therebetween.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a wearable electronic device may be provided. The wearable electronic device may include an optical system including a display (D) configured to output light and a lens assembly (LA) configured to guide light output from the display toward a user's eye (E). The lens assembly may include at least three lenses (L1, L2, L3) sequentially arranged from the user's eye side toward the display side along a light axis (O), a first polarization portion (P1), a beam splitter (BS; 404), and a second polarization portion (P2) sequentially arranged from the user's eye side toward the display side. At least one of an eye-side surface or a display-side surface of at least one lens among the at least three lenses may include at least one inflection point. The first polarizing portion may be disposed on a display-side surface including a curved surface of the first lens (L1) closest to the user's eye side among the at least three lenses, or may be disposed on an eye-side surface including a curved surface of the second lens (L2) second closest to the user's eye side among the at least three lenses, or on a display-side surface including a curved surface. The optical system may satisfy the following [Equation 1].

[Formula 1]

(Here, FOV is the angle of view of the optical system, and EFL is the synthetic focal length of the optical system.)

According to one embodiment, at least one lens among the at least three lenses can satisfy the following [Formula 2].

[Formula 2]

(Here, is the minimum value of the Abbe number of at least three lenses)

According to one embodiment, the first polarizing member can satisfy the following [Equation 3].

[Formula 3]

(Here, is the radius of curvature of one side of the first polarizing element)

According to one embodiment, the first lens can satisfy the following [Equation 4].

[Formula 4]

(Here, oal is the distance from the user's eye side of the first lens to the display, and Dh is the maximum height of the display)

In one embodiment, at least one of the at least three lenses may have negative refractive power. Light output from the display may be configured to be reflected at least twice between the first lens and a third lens closest to the display among the at least three lenses when passing through the lens assembly.

While this disclosure has been described by way of example, it should be understood that the specific embodiments are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the overall scope of this disclosure, including the appended claims and their equivalents.

Electronic devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure may take various forms. Electronic devices may include, for example, portable communication devices (e.g., smartphones), computer devices, portable multimedia devices, portable medical devices, cameras, wearable devices, or home appliances. Electronic devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the aforementioned devices.

It should be understood that the embodiments of this document and the terminology used herein are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to a specific embodiment, but include various modifications, equivalents, or substitutes of the embodiment. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the item, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this document, each of the phrases "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding phrase among those phrases, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first," "second," or "first" or "second" may be used merely to distinguish one component from another, and do not limit the components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order). When a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to as "coupled" or "connected" to another component (e.g., a second component), with or without the terms "functionally" or "communicatively," it means that the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or through a third component.

The term "module" used in one embodiment of this document may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may be used interchangeably with terms such as logic, logic block, component, or circuit. A module may be an integral component, or a minimum unit or part of such a component that performs one or more functions. For example, according to one embodiment, a module may be implemented in the form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

An embodiment of the present document may be implemented as software (e.g., a program (140)) including one or more instructions stored in a storage medium (e.g., an internal memory (136) or an external memory (138)) readable by a machine (e.g., an electronic device (101)). For example, a processor (e.g., a processor (120)) of the machine (e.g., an electronic device (101)) may call at least one instruction among the one or more instructions stored from the storage medium and execute it. This enables the machine to operate to perform at least one function according to the at least one called instruction. The one or more instructions may include code generated by a compiler or code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Here, ‘non-transitory’ simply means that the storage medium is a tangible device and does not contain signals (e.g., electromagnetic waves), and the term does not distinguish between cases where data is stored semi-permanently or temporarily on the storage medium.

According to one embodiment, a method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may be provided as included in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a commodity between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM)), or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) via an application store (e.g., Play Store ^™ ) or directly between two user devices (e.g., smart phones). In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or a relay server.

According to one embodiment, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include one or more entities, and some of the entities may be separated and placed in other components. According to one embodiment, one or more components or operations of the aforementioned components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., a module or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components identically or similarly to those performed by the corresponding component among the plurality of components prior to the integration. According to one embodiment, the operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

Claims (15)

In display devices, It comprises a display (D) configured to output light and a lens assembly (LA) configured to guide the light output from the display toward the user's eye (E). The above lens assembly, At least three lenses (L1, L2, L3) including a first lens (L1), a second lens (L2), and a third lens (L3) sequentially arranged from the user's eye side toward the display side along the light axis (O); A first polarizing portion (P1) arranged on one side of a curved surface including at least one inflection point of at least one of the first lens or the second lens; and Including a second polarizing portion (P2) arranged on the display, At least one of the eye-side surface or the display-side surface of at least one of the at least three lenses includes at least one inflection point, The third lens is configured to function as a beam splitter (BS; 404), The above lens assembly is a display device that satisfies the following [Formula 1]. [Formula 1] (Here, FOV is the angle of view of the optical system, and EFL is the synthetic focal length of the optical system.) In the first paragraph, A display device, wherein the first polarizing portion is disposed on the display-side surface (D1) of the first lens, which is a curved surface including at least one inflection point. In claim 1 or 2, A display device, wherein the first polarizing portion is disposed on the user's eye side (E2) of the second lens, which is a curved surface including at least one inflection point. In any one of the first to third clauses, A display device wherein at least three of the lenses satisfy the following [Formula 2]. [Formula 2] (Here, is the minimum value of the Abbe number of at least three lenses) In any one of claims 1 to 4, A display device wherein the first polarizing portion satisfies the following [Formula 3]. [Formula 3] (Here, is the radius of curvature of one side of the first polarizing element) In any one of claims 1 to 5, A display device wherein the first lens satisfies the following [Formula 4]. [Formula 4] (Here, oal is the distance from the user's eye side of the first lens to the display, and Dh is the maximum height of the display) In any one of claims 1 to 6, A display device, wherein the effective diameter value of the display side (D3) of the third lens is the maximum among the effective diameter values of at least three lenses. In any one of the first to seventh paragraphs, A display device, wherein at least one of the at least three lenses has negative refractive power. In any one of claims 1 to 8, A display device configured such that light output from the display is reflected at least twice between the first lens and the third lens closest to the display among the at least three lenses when passing through the lens assembly. In any one of claims 1 to 9, A display device further comprising a window member disposed on the user's eye side of the display, wherein the second polarizing portion is disposed on the user's eye side of the window member. In any one of claims 1 to 10, A display device, wherein the field of view (FOV) of the above lens assembly is 100 degrees or more. In any one of claims 1 to 11, The first polarizing unit includes a first polarizer (401), a first reflective polarizer (402), and a first quarter wave plate (403). A display device, wherein the second polarizing unit includes a second 1/4 wavelength plate (405) and a second polarizer (406). In Article 12, The first polarizer, the first reflective polarizer and the first 1/4 wave plate of the first polarizing unit are coupled to each other or spaced apart from each other with at least one of another polarizing layer, an air layer or a dummy layer therebetween, A display device, wherein the second 1/4 wave plate and the second polarizer of the second polarizing portion are coupled to each other or spaced apart from each other with at least one of another polarizing layer, an air layer, or a dummy layer therebetween. In paragraph 12 or 13, The polarization axis of the first polarizer and the polarization axis of the second polarizer form a 90 degree angle, A display device wherein the fast axis of the first 1/4 wave plate and the fast axis of the second 1/4 wave plate form a 90 degree angle. In any one of claims 1 to 14, A display device in which the display side (D1) of the first lens and the user's eye side (E2) of the second lens are joined to each other with the first polarizing portion therebetween.