WO2025217383A1

WO2025217383A1 - Connection and network setup for playback devices using selectable communication interface

Info

Publication number: WO2025217383A1
Application number: PCT/US2025/024037
Authority: WO
Inventors: Brenda STEFANI; Ken Hu; Meng Wang; Lawrence STEFANI; Yadong Liu
Original assignee: Sonos Inc
Current assignee: Sonos Inc
Priority date: 2024-04-12
Filing date: 2025-04-10
Publication date: 2025-10-16
Anticipated expiration: 2026-10-12

Abstract

A playback device is configured to provide connection and network setup from factory reset state, employing a user selectable communication interface and protocol. The playback device is configured to, after powering on from a factory reset state, transmit messages via a first communication interface indicating availability for setup via the first communication interface. The playback device is further configured to, after detection of a user gesture, cease transmission via the first communication interface, and initiate transmission of messages via a second communication interface indicating availability for connection to a computing device. The playback device is further configured to, after receipt of a connection acceptance message via the second communication interface, connect to the computing device via the second communication interface and operate in a mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the second communication interface.

Description

CONNECTION AND NETWORK SETUP FOR PLAYBACK DEVICES USING

SELECTABLE COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] The present disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, to methods, systems, products, features, services, and other elements directed to media playback or some aspect thereof.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loud setting were limited until in 2002, when Sonos, Inc. began development of a new type of playback system. Sonos then filed one of its first patent applications in 2003, entitled “Method for Synchronizing Audio Playback between Multiple Networked Devices,” and began offering its first media playback systems for sale in 2005. The SONOS Wireless Home Sound System enables people to experience music from many sources via one or more networked playback devices. Through a software control application installed on a controller (e.g., smartphone, tablet, computer, voice input device), one can play what she wants in any room having a networked playback device. Media content (e.g., songs, podcasts, video sound) can be streamed to playback devices such that each room with a playback device can play back corresponding different media content. In addition, rooms can be grouped together for synchronous playback of the same media content, and/or the same media content can be heard in all rooms synchronously.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technology may be better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, as listed below. A person skilled in the relevant art will understand that the features shown in the drawings are for purposes of illustrations, and variations, including different and/or additional features and arrangements thereof, are possible.

[0004] Figure 1A is a partial cutaway view of an environment having a media playback system configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology.

[0005] Figure IB is a schematic diagram of the media playback system of Figure 1A and one or more networks.

[0006] Figure 1C is a block diagram of a playback device.

[0007] Figure ID is a block diagram of a playback device.

[0008] Figure IE is a block diagram of a bonded playback device.

[0009] Figure IF is a block diagram of a network microphone device.

[0010] Figure 1G is a block diagram of a playback device.

[0011] Figure 1H is a partial schematic diagram of a control device.

[0012] Figures II through IL are schematic diagrams of corresponding media playback system zones.

[0013] Figure IM is a schematic diagram of media playback system areas.

[0014] Figure 2A is a front isometric view of a playback device configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology.

[0015] Figure 2B is a front isometric view of the playback device of Figure 2A without a grille.

[0016] Figure 2C is an exploded view of the playback device of Figure 2A.

[0017] Figure 3A is a front view of a network microphone device configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology.

[0018] Figure 3B is a side isometric view of the network microphone device of Figure 3 A.

[0019] Figure 3C is an exploded view of the network microphone device of Figures 3A and 3B.

[0020] Figure 3D is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 3B.

[0021] Figure 3E is a block diagram of the network microphone device of Figures 3A-3D.

[0022] Figure 3F is a schematic diagram of an example voice input.

[0023] Figures 4A-4D are schematic diagrams of a control device in various stages of operation in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology. [0024] Figure 5 is a front view of a control device.

[0025] Figure 6 is a message flow diagram of a media playback system.

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example home theater environment.

[0027] Figure 8 is a logical diagram of components of a playback device with a selectable network interface.

[0028] Figure 9 illustrates a state diagram for operation of a playback device.

[0029] Figures 10A-10C illustrate graphical user interface (GUI) displays for guiding a user through setup of a playback device.

[0030] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for connection of a playback device to a user selected network.

[0031] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for operation of a computing device to provide connection of a playback device to a user selected network.

[0032] The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments, but those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the technology disclosed herein is not limited to the arrangements and/or instrumentality shown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

I. Overview

[0033] SONOS, Inc. has a long history of innovating in the wireless audio space as demonstrated by the successful launch of numerous wireless audio products including, for example, SONOS ROAM, SONOS MOVE, SONOS ERA 100, SONOS ERA 300, SONOS FIVE, SONOS RAY, SONOS BEAM, SONOS ARC, SONOS PORT, and SONOS AMP. Building upon years of experience creating sophisticated, yet easy-to-use, audio products, SONOS, Inc. has appreciated the importance of providing a high quality user experience. This high quality user experience includes ease of installation and setup in addition to reliable wireless communications to provide seamless operation (e.g., avoiding audio dropouts).

[0034] Embodiments described herein relate to providing options for a user to easily begin using a playback device, including a new playback device in a factory reset or ship state, also referred to as an “out-of-the-box” (OOB) state. In some examples, one of these options may include connecting the playback device directly to a source of streaming audio, such as a computing device or controller (e.g., a smartphone), using a first communication interface and protocol. In some cases, the first communication interface and protocol may be associated with a BLUETOOTH network. In some examples, another of the options may include connecting the playback device to a multimedia playback network, for setup and configuration, in order to stream audio using a second communication interface and protocol, for example as part of a home theater environment. In some cases, the second communication interface and protocol, may be associated with a WI-FI network.

[0035] Providing such options allows the playback device to satisfy different user preferences regarding method of operation. For example, some users may wish to setup their playback device for operation as one component of a home theater environment that may include a smart television, soundbar, and other playback devices configured to render various channels of multi-channel audio, all of which may be interconnected for communication through a WI-FI network. In some cases, such users may intend to operate their playback device in this configuration indefinitely.

[0036] Other users may wish to operate their playback device to stream audio from their smartphone or other suitable streaming source by connecting and communicating with the smartphone through a BLUETOOTH network. This may be a particularly popular choice in the case of a portable playback device where, for example, the playback device and smartphone are transported to a party location or other social gathering where music is desired. In some cases, such users may intend to operate their playback device in this configuration indefinitely.

[0037] Still other users may wish to switch between the two use cases. For example, a user may purchase a new portable playback device and decide to head directly to the beach with the intention of playing music from their smartphone over a BLUETOOTH connection to the new playback device. Afterwards, the user may then bring the new playback device home and wish to set it up on their home theater environment using WI-FI. At a subsequent time, the user may wish to again travel with their portable playback device to another venue and revert to BLUETOOTH operation. [0038] In any of these examples, it is desirable to provide an easy and reliable process for switchover between communication protocols, with appropriate default configurations, resulting in a high quality user experience. In some embodiments, the switchover process may be initiated by user gestures including pressing of buttons on the playback device. In some embodiments, the switchover process, and the setup and configuration process, may be guided by prompts or other displays on a graphical user interface (GUI) of the computing device (e.g., the smartphone).

[0039] To this end, embodiments described herein relate to a playback device configured to provide connection and network setup, from a factory reset or ship state, by employing a user selectable communication interface and protocol. In some examples, the user selectable communication interface and protocols may include BLUETOOTH and WI-FI.

[0040] In some embodiments, for example, the playback device is configured to, upon power up from a factory reset state, transmit messages via a WI-FI communication interface, indicating availability for setup via WI-FI. In response to detection of a first user gesture, however, the playback device may cease transmission via the WI-FI communication interface, and initiate transmission of messages via a BLUETOOTH interface, indicating availability for connection to a computing device for BLUETOOTH pairing. The first user gesture may include the pressing of a button on the playback device, for example a button labeled “BLUETOOTH.” After successful pairing, the playback device may operate in a BLUETOOTH-centric mode in which audio content is communicated to the playback device from the computing device via BLUETOOTH.

[0041] At a later time, in response to a second user gesture, the playback device may resume transmission of messages via the WI-FI communication interface, indicating availability for setup via WI-FI. After a WI-FI connection is successfully established, for example with the computing device, the playback device may be setup and configured to join a media playback system (e.g., a home theater environment), although still remaining in the BLUETOOTH-centric mode. In some examples, the second user gesture may include the pressing of one or more buttons on the playback device. In some examples, the second user gesture may include the simultaneous pressing of a volume up button and a volume down button on the playback device. [0042] In the event that the user does not perform the first user gesture, after powering up from a factory reset, the playback device may continue to attempt establishment of a WI-FI connection and, if successful, be setup and configured to join the media playback system without going through a BLUETOOTH pairing. In this case the playback device may operate in a WI-FI-centric mode in which audio content is communicated to the playback device via WI-FI.

[0043] While some examples described herein may refer to functions performed by given actors such as “users,” “listeners,” and/or other entities, it should be understood that such references are for purposes of explanation only. The claims should not be interpreted to require action by any such example actor unless explicitly required by the language of the claims themselves.

[0044] In the Figures, identical reference numbers identify generally similar, and/or identical, elements. To facilitate the discussion of any particular element, the most significant digit or digits of a reference number refers to the Figure in which that element is first introduced. For example, element 110a is first introduced and discussed with reference to Figure 1A. Many of the details, dimensions, angles, and other features shown in the Figures are merely illustrative of particular embodiments of the disclosed technology. Accordingly, other embodiments can have other details, dimensions, angles, and features without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that further embodiments of the various disclosed technologies can be practiced without several of the details described below.

II. Suitable Operating Environment

[0045] Figure 1A is a partial cutaway view of a media playback system 100 distributed in an environment 101 (e g., a house). The media playback system 100 comprises one or more playback devices 110 (identified individually as playback devices 1 lOa-n), one or more network microphone devices 120 (“NMDs”) (identified individually as NMDs 120a-c), and one or more control devices 130 (identified individually as control devices 130a and 130b).

[0046] As used herein the term “playback device” can generally refer to a network device configured to receive, process, and output data of a media playback system. For example, a playback device can be a network device that receives and processes audio content. In some embodiments, a playback device includes one or more transducers or speakers powered by one or more amplifiers. In other embodiments, however, a playback device includes one of (or neither of) the speaker and the amplifier. For instance, a playback device can comprise one or more amplifiers configured to drive one or more speakers external to the playback device via a corresponding wire or cable.

[0047] Moreover, as used herein the term “NMD” (i.e., a “network microphone device”) can generally refer to a network device that is configured for audio detection. In some embodiments, an NMD is a stand-alone device configured primarily for audio detection. In other embodiments, an NMD is incorporated into a playback device (or vice versa).

[0048] The term “control device” can generally refer to a network device configured to perform functions relevant to facilitating user access, control, and/or configuration of the media playback system 100.

[0049] Each of the playback devices 110 is configured to receive audio signals or data from one or more media sources (e.g., one or more remote servers, one or more local devices, etc.) and play back the received audio signals or data as sound. The one or more NMDs 120 are configured to receive spoken word commands, and the one or more control devices 130 are configured to receive user input. In response to the received spoken word commands and/or user input, the media playback system 100 can play back audio via one or more of the playback devices 110. In certain embodiments, the playback devices 110 are configured to commence playback of media content in response to a trigger. For instance, one or more of the playback devices 110 can be configured to play back a morning playlist upon detection of an associated trigger condition (e.g., presence of a user in a kitchen, detection of a coffee machine operation, etc.). In some embodiments, for example, the media playback system 100 is configured to play back audio from a first playback device (e.g., the playback device 110a) in synchrony with a second playback device (e.g., the playback device 110b). Interactions between the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130 of the media playback system 100 configured in accordance with the various embodiments of the disclosure are described in greater detail below with respect to Figures IB-6. [0050] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 1A, the environment 101 comprises a household having several rooms, spaces, and/or playback zones, including (clockwise from upper left) a master bathroom 101 a, a master bedroom 101b, a second bedroom 101 c, a family room or den 101 d, an office lOle, a living room 10 If, a dining room 101g, a kitchen lOlh, and an outdoor patio lOli. While certain embodiments and examples are described below in the context of a home environment, the technologies described herein may be implemented in other types of environments. In some embodiments, for example, the media playback system 100 can be implemented in one or more commercial settings (e.g., a restaurant, mall, airport, hotel, a retail or other store), one or more vehicles (e.g., a sports utility vehicle, bus, car, a ship, a boat, an airplane, etc.), multiple environments (e.g., a combination of home and vehicle environments), and/or another suitable environment where multi-zone audio may be desirable.

[0051] The media playback system 100 can comprise one or more playback zones, some of which may correspond to the rooms in the environment 101. The media playback system 100 can be established with one or more playback zones, after which additional zones may be added, or removed, to form, for example, the configuration shown in Figure 1A. Each zone may be given a name according to a different room or space such as the office lOle, master bathroom 101a, master bedroom 101b, the second bedroom 101c, kitchen lOlh, dining room 101g, living room lOlf, and/or the balcony 10 li. In some aspects, a single playback zone may include multiple rooms or spaces. In certain aspects, a single room or space may include multiple playback zones.

[0052] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 1A, the second bedroom 101c, the office lOle, the living room 10 If, the dining room 101g, the kitchen 10 Ih, and the outdoor patio lOli each include one playback device 110, and the master bathroom 101a, the master bedroom 101b, and the den lOld include a plurality of playback devices 110. In the master bedroom 101b, the playback devices 1101 and 110m may be configured, for example, to play back audio content in synchrony as individual ones of playback devices 110, as a bonded playback zone, as a consolidated playback device, and/or any combination thereof. Similarly, in the den lOld, the playback devices HOh-k can be configured, for instance, to play back audio content in synchrony as individual ones of playback devices 110, as one or more bonded playback devices, and/or as one or more consolidated playback devices. Additional details regarding bonded and consolidated playback devices are described below with respect to Figures IB, IE, and 1I-1M. [0053] In some aspects, one or more of the playback zones in the environment 101 may each be playing different audio content. For instance, a user may be grilling on the patio lOli and listening to hip hop music being played by the playback device 110c while another user is preparing food in the kitchen 101 h and listening to classical music played by the playback device 110b. In another example, a playback zone may play the same audio content in synchrony with another playback zone. For instance, the user may be in the office lOle listening to the playback device 1 lOf playing back the same hip hop music being played back by playback device 110c on the patio lOli. In some aspects, the playback devices 110c and 1 lOf play back the hip hop music in synchrony such that the user perceives that the audio content is being played seamlessly (or at least substantially seamlessly) while moving between different playback zones. Additional details regarding audio playback synchronization among playback devices and/or zones can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 8,234,395 entitled, “System and method for synchronizing operations among a plurality of independently clocked digital data processing devices,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. a. Suitable Media Playback System

[0054] Figure IB is a schematic diagram of the media playback system 100 and a cloud network 102. For ease of illustration, certain devices of the media playback system 100 and the cloud network 102 are omitted from Figure IB. One or more communication links 103 (referred to hereinafter as “the links 103”) communicatively couple the media playback system 100 and the cloud network 102.

[0055] The links 103 can comprise, for example, one or more wired networks, one or more wireless networks, one or more wide area networks (WAN), one or more local area networks (LAN), one or more personal area networks (PAN), one or more telecommunication networks (e.g., one or more Global System for Mobiles (GSM) networks, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks, 5G communication networks, and/or other suitable data transmission protocol networks), etc. The cloud network 102 is configured to deliver media content (e.g., audio content, video content, photographs, social media content, etc.) to the media playback system 100 in response to a request transmitted from the media playback system 100 via the links 103. In some embodiments, the cloud network 102 is further configured to receive data (e.g., voice input data) from the media playback system 100 and correspondingly transmit commands and/or media content to the media playback system 100.

[0056] The cloud network 102 comprises computing devices 106 (identified separately as a first computing device 106a, a second computing device 106b, and a third computing device 106c). The computing devices 106 can comprise individual computers or servers, such as, for example, a media streaming service server storing audio and/or other media content, a voice service server, a social media server, a media playback system control server, etc. In some embodiments, one or more of the computing devices 106 comprise modules of a single computer or server. In certain embodiments, one or more of the computing devices 106 comprise one or more modules, computers, and/or servers. Moreover, while the cloud network 102 is described above in the context of a single cloud network, in some embodiments the cloud network 102 comprises a plurality of cloud networks comprising communicatively coupled computing devices. Furthermore, while the cloud network 102 is shown in Figure IB as having three of the computing devices 106, in some embodiments, the cloud network 102 comprises fewer (or more than) three computing devices 106.

[0057] The media playback system 100 is configured to receive media content from the networks

102 via the links 103. The received media content can comprise, for example, a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and/or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). For instance, in some examples, the media playback system 100 can stream, download, or otherwise obtain data from a URI or a URL corresponding to the received media content. A network 104 communicatively couples the links

103 and at least a portion of the devices (e.g., one or more of the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130) of the media playback system 100. The network 104 can include, for example, a wireless network (e.g., a WI-FI network, a BLUETOOTH network, a Z-WAVE network, a ZIGBEE network, and/or other suitable wireless communication protocol network) and/or a wired network (e.g., a network comprising Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus (USB), and/or another suitable wired communication). As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, as used herein, “WI-FI” can refer to several different communication protocols including, for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802. l ln, 802.11ac, 802.11ac, 802.11ad, 802.11af, 802.11ah, 802.11ai, 802.11aj, 802.11aq, 802.1 lax, 802. Hay, 802.15, etc. transmitted at 2.4 Gigahertz (GHz), 5 GHz, and/or another suitable frequency.

[0058] In some embodiments, the network 104 comprises a dedicated communication network that the media playback system 100 uses to transmit messages between individual devices and/or to transmit media content to and from media content sources (e.g., one or more of the computing devices 106). In certain embodiments, the network 104 is configured to be accessible only to devices in the media playback system 100, thereby reducing interference and competition with other household devices. In other embodiments, however, the network 104 comprises an existing household or commercial facility communication network (e.g., a household or commercial facility WI-FI network). In some embodiments, the links 103 and the network 104 comprise one or more of the same networks. In some aspects, for example, the links 103 and the network 104 comprise a telecommunication network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G network, etc.). Moreover, in some embodiments, the media playback system 100 is implemented without the network 104, and devices comprising the media playback system 100 can communicate with each other, for example, via one or more direct connections, PANs, telecommunication networks, and/or other suitable communication links. The network 104 may be referred to herein as a “local communication network” to differentiate the network 104 from the cloud network 102 that couples the media playback system 100 to remote devices, such as cloud servers that host cloud services.

[0059] In some embodiments, audio content sources may be regularly added or removed from the media playback system 100. In some embodiments, for example, the media playback system 100 performs an indexing of media items when one or more media content sources are updated, added to, and/or removed from the media playback system 100. The media playback system 100 can scan identifiable media items in some or all folders and/or directories accessible to the playback devices 110, and generate or update a media content database comprising metadata (e.g., title, artist, album, track length, etc.) and other associated information (e.g., URIs, URLs, etc.) for each identifiable media item found. In some embodiments, for example, the media content database is stored on one or more of the playback devices 1 10, network microphone devices 120, and/or control devices 130.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure IB, the playback devices 1101 and 110m comprise a group 107a. The playback devices 1101 and 110m can be positioned in different rooms and be grouped together in the group 107a on a temporary or permanent basis based on user input received at the control device 130a and/or another control device 130 in the media playback system 100. When arranged in the group 107a, the playback devices 1101 and 110m can be configured to play back the same or similar audio content in synchrony from one or more audio content sources. In certain embodiments, for example, the group 107a comprises a bonded zone in which the playback devices 1101 and 110m comprise left audio and right audio channels, respectively, of multi-channel audio content, thereby producing or enhancing a stereo effect of the audio content. In some embodiments, the group 107a includes additional playback devices 110. In other embodiments, however, the media playback system 100 omits the group 107a and/or other grouped arrangements of the playback devices 110. Additional details regarding groups and other arrangements of playback devices are described in further detail below with respect to Figures 1I-1M.

[0061] The media playback system 100 includes the NMDs 120a and 120b, each comprising one or more microphones configured to receive voice utterances from a user. In the illustrated embodiment of Figure IB, the NMD 120a is a standalone device and the NMD 120b is integrated into the playback device 1 lOn. The NMD 120a, for example, is configured to receive voice input 121 from a user 123. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a transmits data associated with the received voice input 121 to a voice assistant service (VAS) configured to (i) process the received voice input data and (ii) facilitate one or more operations on behalf of the media playback system 100.

[0062] In some aspects, for example, the computing device 106c comprises one or more modules and/or servers of a VAS (e.g., a VAS operated by one or more of SONOS, AMAZON, GOOGLE, APPLE, MICROSOFT, etc.). The computing device 106c can receive the voice input data from the NMD 120a via the network 104 and the links 103. [0063] In response to receiving the voice input data, the computing device 106c processes the voice input data (i.e., “Play Hey Jude by The Beatles”), and determines that the processed voice input includes a command to play a song (e.g., “Hey Jude”). In some embodiments, after processing the voice input, the computing device 106c accordingly transmits commands to the media playback system 100 to play back “Hey Jude” by the Beatles from a suitable media service (e.g., via one or more of the computing devices 106) on one or more of the playback devices 110. In other embodiments, the computing device 106c may be configured to interface with media services on behalf of the media playback system 100. In such embodiments, after processing the voice input, instead of the computing device 106c transmitting commands to the media playback system 100 causing the media playback system 100 to retrieve the requested media from a suitable media service, the computing device 106c itself causes a suitable media service to provide the requested media to the media playback system 100 in accordance with the user’s voice utterance. b. Suitable Playback Devices

[0064] Figure 1C is a block diagram of the playback device 110a comprising an input/output 111. The input/output 111 can include an analog I/O I l la (e.g., one or more wires, cables, and/or other suitable communication links configured to carry analog signals) and/or a digital I/O 111b (e.g., one or more wires, cables, or other suitable communication links configured to carry digital signals). In some embodiments, the analog I/O I l la is an audio line-in input connection comprising, for example, an auto-detecting 3.5mm audio line-in connection. In some embodiments, the digital I/O 111b comprises a Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF) communication interface and/or cable and/or a Toshiba Link (TOSLINK) cable. In some embodiments, the digital VO 111b comprises a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) interface and/or cable. In some embodiments, the digital I/O 11 lb includes one or more wireless communication links comprising, for example, a radio frequency (RF), infrared, WI-FI, BLUETOOTH, or another suitable communication link. In certain embodiments, the analog I/O I l la and the digital I/O 111b comprise interfaces (e.g., ports, plugs, jacks, etc.) configured to receive connectors of cables transmitting analog and digital signals, respectively, without necessarily including cables. [0065] The playback device 110a, for example, can receive media content (e.g., audio content comprising music and/or other sounds) from a local audio source 105 via the input/output 111 (e.g., a cable, a wire, a PAN, a BLUETOOTH connection, an ad hoc wired or wireless communication network, and/or another suitable communication link). The local audio source 105 can comprise, for example, a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop computer, etc.) or another suitable audio component (e.g., a television, a desktop computer, an amplifier, a phonograph (such as an LP turntable), a Blu-ray player, a memory storing digital media files, etc.). In some aspects, the local audio source 105 includes local music libraries on a smartphone, a computer, a networked-attached storage (NAS), and/or another suitable device configured to store media files. In certain embodiments, one or more of the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130 comprise the local audio source 105. In other embodiments, however, the media playback system omits the local audio source 105 altogether. In some embodiments, the playback device 110a does not include an input/output 111 and receives all audio content via the network 104.

[0066] The playback device 110a further comprises electronics 112, a user interface 113 (e.g., one or more buttons, knobs, dials, touch-sensitive surfaces, displays, touchscreens, etc.), and one or more transducers 114 (referred to hereinafter as “the transducers 114”). The electronics 112 are configured to receive audio from an audio source (e.g., the local audio source 105) via the input/output 111 or one or more of the computing devices 106a-c via the network 104 (Figure IB), amplify the received audio, and output the amplified audio for playback via one or more of the transducers 114. In some embodiments, the playback device 110a optionally includes one or more microphones 115 (e.g., a single microphone, a plurality of microphones, a microphone array) (hereinafter referred to as “the microphones 115”). In certain embodiments, for example, the playback device 110a having one or more of the optional microphones 115 can operate as an NMD configured to receive voice input from a user and correspondingly perform one or more operations based on the received voice input.

[0067] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 1C, the electronics 112 comprise one or more processors 112a (referred to hereinafter as “the processors 112a”), memory 112b, software components 112c, a network interface 112d, one or more audio processing components 112g (referred to hereinafter as “the audio components 112g”), one or more audio amplifiers 112h (referred to hereinafter as “the amplifiers 112h”), and power 112i (e.g., one or more power supplies, power cables, power receptacles, batteries, induction coils, Power-over Ethernet (POE) interfaces, and/or other suitable sources of electric power). In some embodiments, the electronics 112 optionally include one or more other components 112j (e.g., one or more sensors, video displays, touchscreens, battery charging bases, etc.).

[0068] The processors 112a can comprise clock-driven computing component s) configured to process data, and the memory 112b can comprise a computer-readable medium (e.g., a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium loaded with one or more of the software components 112c) configured to store instructions for performing various operations and/or functions. The processors 112a are configured to execute the instructions stored on the memory 112b to perform one or more of the operations. The operations can include, for example, causing the playback device 110a to retrieve audio data from an audio source (e.g., one or more of the computing devices 106a-c (Figure IB)), and/or another one of the playback devices 110. In some embodiments, the operations further include causing the playback device 110a to send audio data to another one of the playback devices 110a and/or another device (e.g., one of the NMDs 120). Certain embodiments include operations causing the playback device 110a to pair with another of the one or more playback devices 110 to enable a multi-channel audio environment (e.g., a stereo pair, a bonded zone, etc.).

[0069] The processors 112a can be further configured to perform operations causing the playback device 110a to synchronize playback of audio content with another of the one or more playback devices 110. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, during synchronous playback of audio content on a plurality of playback devices, a listener will preferably be unable to perceive time-delay differences between playback of the audio content by the playback device 110a and the other one or more other playback devices 110. Additional details regarding audio playback synchronization among playback devices can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 8,234,395, which was incorporated by reference above. [0070] In some embodiments, the memory 112b is further configured to store data associated with the playback device 110a, such as one or more zones and/or zone groups of which the playback device 110a is a member, audio sources accessible to the playback device 110a, and/or a playback queue that the playback device 110a (and/or another of the one or more playback devices) can be associated with. The stored data can comprise one or more state variables that are periodically updated and used to describe a state of the playback device 110a. The memory 112b can also include data associated with a state of one or more of the other devices (e.g., the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, control devices 130) of the media playback system 100. In some aspects, for example, the state data is shared during predetermined intervals of time (e.g., every 5 seconds, every 10 seconds, every 60 seconds, etc.) among at least a portion of the devices of the media playback system 100, so that one or more of the devices have the most recent data associated with the media playback system 100.

[0071] The network interface 112d is configured to facilitate a transmission of data between the playback device 110a and one or more other devices on a data network such as, for example, the links 103 and/or the network 104 (Figure IB). The network interface 112d is configured to transmit and receive data corresponding to media content (e.g., audio content, video content, text, photographs) and other signals (e.g., non-transitory signals) comprising digital packet data including an Internet Protocol (IP)-based source address and/or an IP -based destination address. The network interface 112d can parse the digital packet data such that the electronics 112 properly receive and process the data destined for the playback device 110a.

[0072] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 1C, the network interface 112d comprises one or more wireless interfaces 112e (referred to hereinafter as “the wireless interface 112e”). The wireless interface 112e (e.g., a suitable interface comprising one or more antennae) can be configured to wirelessly communicate with one or more other devices (e.g., one or more of the other playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130) that are communicatively coupled to the network 104 (Figure IB) in accordance with a suitable wireless communication protocol (e g., WI-FI, BLUETOOTH, LTE, etc.). In some embodiments, the network interface 112d optionally includes a wired interface 112f (e.g., an interface or receptacle configured to receive a network cable such as an Ethernet, a USB-A, USB-C, and/or Thunderbolt cable) configured to communicate over a wired connection with other devices in accordance with a suitable wired communication protocol. In certain embodiments, the network interface 112d includes the wired interface 112f and excludes the wireless interface 112e. In some embodiments, the electronics 112 exclude the network interface 112d altogether and transmit and receive media content and/or other data via another communication path (e.g., the input/output 111).

[0073] The audio components 112g are configured to process and/or filter data comprising media content received by the electronics 112 (e.g., via the input/output 111 and/or the network interface 112d) to produce output audio signals. In some embodiments, the audio processing components 112g comprise, for example, one or more digital-to-analog converters (DACs), audio preprocessing components, audio enhancement components, digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other suitable audio processing components, modules, circuits, etc. In certain embodiments, one or more of the audio processing components 112g can comprise one or more subcomponents of the processors 112a. In some embodiments, the electronics 112 omit the audio processing components 112g. In some aspects, for example, the processors 112a execute instructions stored on the memory 112b to perform audio processing operations to produce the output audio signals. [0074] The amplifiers 112h are configured to receive and amplify the audio output signals produced by the audio processing components 112g and/or the processors 112a. The amplifiers 112h can comprise electronic devices and/or components configured to amplify audio signals to levels sufficient for driving one or more of the transducers 114. In some embodiments, for example, the amplifiers 112h include one or more switching or class-D power amplifiers. In other embodiments, however, the amplifiers 112h include one or more other types of power amplifiers (e.g., linear gain power amplifiers, class-A amplifiers, class-B amplifiers, class-AB amplifiers, class-C amplifiers, class-D amplifiers, class-E amplifiers, class-F amplifiers, class-G amplifiers, class H amplifiers, and/or another suitable type of power amplifier). In certain embodiments, the amplifiers 112h comprise a suitable combination of two or more of the foregoing types of power amplifiers. Moreover, in some embodiments, individual ones of the amplifiers 112h correspond to individual ones of the transducers 114. In other embodiments, however, the electronics 112 include a single one of the amplifiers 112h configured to output amplified audio signals to a plurality of the transducers 114. In some other embodiments, the electronics 112 omit the amplifiers 112h.

[0075] The transducers 114 (e.g., one or more speakers and/or speaker drivers) receive the amplified audio signals from the amplifier 112h and render or output the amplified audio signals as sound (e.g., audible sound waves having a frequency between about 20 Hertz (Hz) and 20 kilohertz (kHz)). In some embodiments, the transducers 114 can comprise a single transducer. In other embodiments, however, the transducers 114 comprise a plurality of audio transducers. In some embodiments, the transducers 114 comprise more than one type of transducer. For example, the transducers 114 can include one or more low frequency transducers (e.g., subwoofers, woofers), mid-range frequency transducers (e.g., mid-range transducers, mid-woofers), and one or more high frequency transducers (e.g., one or more tweeters). As used herein, “low frequency” can generally refer to audible frequencies below about 500 Hz, “mid-range frequency” can generally refer to audible frequencies between about 500 Hz and about 2 kHz, and “high frequency” can generally refer to audible frequencies above 2 kHz. In certain embodiments, however, one or more of the transducers 114 comprise transducers that do not adhere to the foregoing frequency ranges. For example, one of the transducers 114 may comprise a mid-woofer transducer configured to output sound at frequencies between about 200 Hz and about 5 kHz.

[0076] By way of illustration, Sonos, Inc. presently offers (or has offered) for sale certain playback devices including, for example, a “SONOS ONE,” “PLAY:1,” “PLAY:3,” “PLAYA,” “PLAYBAR,” “PLAYBASE,” “CONNECT: AMP,” “CONNECT,” “AMP,” “PORT,” and “SUB.” Other suitable playback devices may additionally or alternatively be used to implement the playback devices of example embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a playback device is not limited to the examples described herein or to Sonos product offerings. In some embodiments, for example, one or more playback devices 110 comprise wired or wireless headphones (e.g., over-the-ear headphones, on-ear headphones, in-ear earphones, etc.). In other embodiments, one or more of the playback devices 110 comprise a docking station and/or an interface configured to interact with a docking station for personal mobile media playback devices. In certain embodiments, a playback device may be integral to another device or component such as a television, an LP turntable, a lighting fixture, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use. In some embodiments, a playback device omits a user interface and/or one or more transducers. For example, Figure ID is a block diagram of a playback device I lOp comprising the input/output 111 and electronics 112 without the user interface 113 or transducers 114.

[0077] Figure IE is a block diagram of a bonded playback device 1 lOq comprising the playback device 110a (Figure 1C) sonically bonded with the playback device HOi (e.g., a subwoofer) (Figure 1 A). In the illustrated embodiment, the playback devices 110a and 1 lOi are separate ones of the playback devices 110 housed in separate enclosures. In some embodiments, however, the bonded playback device HOq comprises a single enclosure housing both the playback devices 110a and HOi. The bonded playback device HOq can be configured to process and reproduce sound differently than an unbonded playback device (e.g., the playback device 110a of Figure 1C) and/or paired or bonded playback devices (e.g., the playback devices 1101 and 110m of Figure IB). In some embodiments, for example, the playback device 110a is a full-range playback device configured to render low frequency, mid-range frequency, and high frequency audio content, and the playback device HOi is a subwoofer configured to render low frequency audio content. In some aspects, the playback device 110a, when bonded with the first playback device, is configured to render only the mid-range and high frequency components of a particular audio content, while the playback device 1 lOi renders the low frequency component of the particular audio content. In some embodiments, the bonded playback device 1 lOq includes additional playback devices and/or another bonded playback device. Additional playback device embodiments are described in further detail below with respect to Figures 2A-3D.” c. Suitable Network Microphone Devices (NMDs)

[0078] Figure IF is a block diagram of the NMD 120a (Figures 1A and IB). The NMD 120a includes one or more voice processing components 124 (hereinafter “the voice components 124”) and several components described with respect to the playback device 110a (Figure 1C) including the processors 112a, the memory 112b, and the microphones 115. The NMD 120a optionally comprises other components also included in the playback device 110a (Figure 1 C), such as the user interface 113 and/or the transducers 114. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a is configured as a media playback device (e.g., one or more of the playback devices 110), and further includes, for example, one or more of the audio components 112g (Figure 1C), the amplifiers 112h, and/or other playback device components. In certain embodiments, the NMD 120a comprises an Internet of Things (loT) device such as, for example, a thermostat, alarm panel, fire and/or smoke detector, etc. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a comprises the microphones 115, the voice processing components 124, and only a portion of the components of the electronics 112 described above with respect to Figure 1C. In some aspects, for example, the NMD 120a includes the processor 112a and the memory 112b (Figure 1C), while omitting one or more other components of the electronics 112. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a includes additional components (e.g., one or more sensors, cameras, thermometers, barometers, hygrometers, etc.).

[0079] In some embodiments, an NMD can be integrated into a playback device. Figure 1G is a block diagram of a playback device HOr comprising an NMD 120d. The playback device HOr can comprise many or all of the components of the playback device 110a and further include the microphones 115 and voice processing components 124 (Figure IF). The playback device HOr optionally includes an integrated control device 130c. The control device 130c can comprise, for example, a user interface (e.g., the user interface 113 of Figure 1C) configured to receive user input (e.g., touch input, voice input, etc.) without a separate control device. In other embodiments, however, the playback device HOr receives commands from another control device (e.g., the control device 130a of Figure IB). Additional NMD embodiments are described in further detail below with respect to Figures 3A-3F.

[0080] Referring again to Figure IF, the microphones 115 are configured to acquire, capture, and/or receive sound from an environment (e.g., the environment 101 of Figure 1 A) and/or a room in which the NMD 120a is positioned. The received sound can include, for example, vocal utterances, audio played back by the NMD 120a and/or another playback device, background voices, ambient sounds, etc. The microphones 115 convert the received sound into electrical signals to produce microphone data. The voice processing components 124 receive and analyze the microphone data to determine whether a voice input is present in the microphone data. The voice input can comprise, for example, an activation word followed by an utterance including a user request. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, an activation word is a word or other audio cue signifying a user voice input. For instance, in querying the AMAZON VAS, a user might speak the activation word "Alexa." Other examples include "Ok, Google" for invoking the GOOGLE VAS and "Hey, Siri" for invoking the APPLE VAS.

[0081] After detecting the activation word, voice processing components 124 monitor the microphone data for an accompanying user request in the voice input. The user request may include, for example, a command to control a third-party device, such as a thermostat (e.g., NEST thermostat), an illumination device (e.g., a PHILIPS HUE lighting device), or a media playback device (e.g., a SONOS playback device). For example, a user might speak the activation word “Alexa” followed by the utterance “set the thermostat to 68 degrees” to set a temperature in a home (e.g., the environment 101 of Figure 1 A). The user might speak the same activation word followed by the utterance “turn on the living room” to turn on illumination devices in a living room area of the home. The user may similarly speak an activation word followed by a request to play a particular song, an album, or a playlist of music on a playback device in the home. Additional description regarding receiving and processing voice input data can be found in further detail below with respect to Figures 3A-3F. d. Suitable Control Devices

[0082] Figure 1H is a partial schematic diagram of the control device 130a (Figures 1A and IB). As used herein, the term “control device” can be used interchangeably with “controller” or “control system.” Among other features, the control device 130a is configured to receive user input related to the media playback system 100 and, in response, cause one or more devices in the media playback system 100 to perform an action(s) or operation(s) corresponding to the user input. In the illustrated embodiment, the control device 130a comprises a smartphone (e.g., an iPhone™ an Android phone, etc.) on which media playback system controller application software is installed. In some embodiments, the control device 130a comprises, for example, a tablet (e.g., an iPad™), a computer (e.g., a laptop computer, a desktop computer, etc.), and/or another suitable device (e.g., a television, an automobile audio head unit, an loT device, etc ). In certain embodiments, the control device 130a comprises a dedicated controller for the media playback system 100. In other embodiments, as described above with respect to Figure 1G, the control device 130a is integrated into another device in the media playback system 100 (e.g., one more of the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or other suitable devices configured to communicate over a network).

[0083] The control device 130a includes electronics 132, a user interface 133, one or more speakers 134, and one or more microphones 135. The electronics 132 comprise one or more processors 132a (referred to hereinafter as “the processors 132a”), a memory 132b, software components 132c, and a network interface 132d. The processor 132a can be configured to perform functions relevant to facilitating user access, control, and configuration of the media playback system 100. The memory 132b can comprise data storage that can be loaded with one or more of the software components executable by the processor 132a to perform those functions. The software components 132c can comprise applications and/or other executable software configured to facilitate control of the media playback system 100. The memory 132b can be configured to store, for example, the software components 132c, media playback system controller application software, and/or other data associated with the media playback system 100 and the user.

[0084] The network interface 132d is configured to facilitate network communications between the control device 130a and one or more other devices in the media playback system 100, and/or one or more remote devices. In some embodiments, the network interface 132d is configured to operate according to one or more suitable communication industry standards (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standards including IEEE 802.3, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.1 In, 802.1 lac, 802.15, 4G, LTE, etc.). The network interface 132d can be configured, for example, to transmit data to and/or receive data from the playback devices 110, the NMDs 120, other ones of the control devices 130, one of the computing devices 106 of Figure IB, devices comprising one or more other media playback systems, etc. The transmitted and/or received data can include, for example, playback device control commands, state variables, playback zone and/or zone group configurations. For instance, based on user input received at the user interface 133, the network interface 132d can transmit a playback device control command (e.g., volume control, audio playback control, audio content selection, etc.) from the control device 130a to one or more of the playback devices 110. The network interface 132d can also transmit and/or receive configuration changes such as, for example, adding/removing one or more playback devices 110 to/from a zone, adding/removing one or more zones to/from a zone group, forming a bonded or consolidated player, separating one or more playback devices from a bonded or consolidated player, among others. Additional description of zones and groups can be found below with respect to Figures II through IM.

[0085] The user interface 133 is configured to receive user input and can facilitate control of the media playback system 100. The user interface 133 includes media content art 133a (e.g., album art, lyrics, videos, etc.), a playback status indicator 133b (e.g., an elapsed and/or remaining time indicator), media content information region 133c, a playback control region 133d, and a zone indicator 133e. The media content information region 133c can include a display of relevant information (e g., title, artist, album, genre, release year, etc.) about media content currently playing and/or media content in a queue or playlist. The playback control region 133d can include selectable (e.g., via touch input and/or via a cursor or another suitable selector) icons to cause one or more playback devices in a selected playback zone or zone group to perform playback actions such as, for example, play or pause, fast forward, rewind, skip to next, skip to previous, enter/exit shuffle mode, enter/exit repeat mode, enter/exit cross fade mode, etc. The playback control region 133d may also include selectable icons to modify equalization settings, playback volume, and/or other suitable playback actions. In the illustrated embodiment, the user interface 133 comprises a display presented on a touch screen interface of a smartphone (e.g., an iPhone™ an Android phone, etc.). In some embodiments, however, user interfaces of varying formats, styles, and interactive sequences may alternatively be implemented on one or more network devices to provide comparable control access to a media playback system.

[0086] The one or more speakers 134 (e.g., one or more transducers) can be configured to output sound to the user of the control device 130a. In some embodiments, the one or more speakers comprise individual transducers configured to correspondingly output low frequencies, mid-range frequencies, and/or high frequencies. In some aspects, for example, the control device 130a is configured as a playback device (e g., one of the playback devices 110). Similarly, in some embodiments the control device 130a is configured as an NMD (e.g., one of the NMDs 120), receiving voice commands and other sounds via the one or more microphones 135.

[0087] The one or more microphones 135 can comprise, for example, one or more condenser microphones, electret condenser microphones, dynamic microphones, and/or other suitable types of microphones or transducers. In some embodiments, two or more of the microphones 135 are arranged to capture location information of an audio source (e.g., voice, audible sound, etc.) and/or configured to facilitate filtering of background noise. Moreover, in certain embodiments, the control device 130a is configured to operate as a playback device and an NMD. In other embodiments, however, the control device 130a omits the one or more speakers 134 and/or the one or more microphones 135. For instance, the control device 130a may comprise a device (e.g., a thermostat, an loT device, a network device, etc.) comprising a portion of the electronics 132 and the user interface 133 (e.g., a touch screen) without any speakers or microphones. Additional control device embodiments are described in further detail below with respect to Figures 4A-4D and 5. e. Suitable Playback Device Configurations

[0088] Figures II through IM show example configurations of playback devices in zones and zone groups. Referring first to Figure IM, in one example, a single playback device may belong to a zone. For example, the playback device 110g in the second bedroom 101c (Figure 1 A) may belong to Zone C. In some implementations described below, multiple playback devices may be “bonded” to form a “bonded pair” which together form a single zone. For example, the playback device 1101 (e.g., a left playback device) can be bonded to the playback device 110m (e.g., a right playback device) to form Zone B. Bonded playback devices may have different playback responsibilities (e.g., channel responsibilities). In another implementation described below, multiple playback devices may be merged to form a single zone. For example, the playback device 1 lOh (e.g., a front playback device) may be merged with the playback device HOi (e.g., a subwoofer), and the playback devices HOj and 110k (e.g., left and right surround speakers, respectively) to form a single Zone D. In another example, the playback devices 110b and 1 lOd can be merged to form a merged group or a zone group 108b. The merged playback devices 1 10b and 1 lOd may not be specifically assigned different playback responsibilities. That is, the merged playback devices 110b and HOd may, aside from playing audio content in synchrony, each play audio content as they would if they were not merged.

[0089] Each zone in the media playback system 100 may be provided for control as a single user interface (UI) entity. For example, Zone A may be provided as a single entity named Master Bathroom. Zone B may be provided as a single entity named Master Bedroom. Zone C may be provided as a single entity named Second Bedroom.

[0090] Playback devices that are bonded may have different playback responsibilities, such as responsibilities for certain audio channels. For example, as shown in Figure II, the playback devices 1101 and 110m may be bonded so as to produce or enhance a stereo effect of audio content. In this example, the playback device 1101 may be configured to play a left channel audio component, while the playback device 110m may be configured to play a right channel audio component. In some implementations, such stereo bonding may be referred to as “pairing.” [0091] Additionally, bonded playback devices may have additional and/or different respective speaker drivers. As shown in Figure 1 J, the playback device 1 lOh named Front may be bonded with the playback device 1 lOi named SUB. The Front device 1 lOh can be configured to render a range of mid to high frequencies and the SUB device HOi can be configured to render low frequencies. When unbonded, however, the Front device 1 lOh can be configured to render a full range of frequencies. As another example, Figure IK shows the Front and SUB devices 1 lOh and 1 lOi further bonded with Left and Right playback devices 1 lOj and 110k, respectively. In some implementations, the Left and Right devices 1 lOj and 110k can be configured to form surround or “satellite” channels of a home theater system. The bonded playback devices 1 lOh, 1 lOi, 1 lOj, and 110k may form a single Zone D (Figure IM).

[0092] Playback devices that are merged may not have assigned playback responsibilities, and may each render the full range of audio content the respective playback device is capable of. Nevertheless, merged devices may be represented as a single UI entity (i.e., a zone, as discussed above). For instance, the playback devices 110a and 11 On in the master bathroom have the single UI entity of Zone A. In one embodiment, the playback devices 110a and 1 lOn may each output the full range of audio content each respective playback devices 110a and 1 lOn are capable of, in synchrony.

[0093] In some embodiments, an NMD is bonded or merged with another device so as to form a zone. For example, the NMD 120b may be bonded with the playback device 1 lOe, which together form Zone F, named Living Room. In other embodiments, a stand-alone network microphone device may be in a zone by itself. In other embodiments, however, a stand-alone network microphone device may not be associated with a zone. Additional details regarding associating network microphone devices and playback devices as designated or default devices may be found, for example, in subsequently referenced U.S. Patent No. 10,499,146.

[0094] Zones of individual, bonded, and/or merged devices may be grouped to form a zone group. For example, referring to Figure IM, Zone A may be grouped with Zone B to form a zone group 108a that includes the two zones. Similarly, Zone G may be grouped with Zone H to form the zone group 108b. As another example, Zone A may be grouped with one or more other Zones C- I. The Zones A-I may be grouped and ungrouped in numerous ways. For example, three, four, five, or more (e.g., all) of the Zones A-I may be grouped. When grouped, the zones of individual and/or bonded playback devices may play back audio in synchrony with one another, as described in previously referenced U.S. Patent No. 8,234,395. Playback devices may be dynamically grouped and ungrouped to form new or different groups that synchronously play back audio content.

[0095] In various implementations, the zones in an environment may be the default name of a zone within the group or a combination of the names of the zones within a zone group. For example, Zone Group 108b can be assigned a name such as “Dining + Kitchen”, as shown in Figure IM. In some embodiments, a zone group may be given a unique name selected by a user.

[0096] Certain data may be stored in a memory of a playback device (e.g., the memory 112b of Figure 1C) as one or more state variables that are periodically updated and used to describe the state of a playback zone, the playback device(s), and/or a zone group associated therewith. The memory may also include the data associated with the state of the other devices of the media system, and shared from time to time among the devices so that one or more of the devices have the most recent data associated with the system.

[0097] In some embodiments, the memory may store instances of various variable types associated with the states. Variable instances may be stored with identifiers (e.g., tags) corresponding to type. For example, certain identifiers may be a first type “al” to identify playback device(s) of a zone, a second type “bl” to identify playback device(s) that may be bonded in the zone, and a third type “cl” to identify a zone group to which the zone may belong. As a related example, identifiers associated with the second bedroom 101c may indicate that the playback device is the only playback device of the Zone C and not in a zone group. Identifiers associated with the Den may indicate that the Den is not grouped with other zones but includes bonded playback devices 11 Oh- 11 Ok. Identifiers associated with the Dining Room may indicate that the Dining Room is part of the Dining + Kitchen zone group 108b and that devices 110b and HOd are grouped (Figure IL). Identifiers associated with the Kitchen may indicate the same or similar information by virtue of the Kitchen being part of the Dining + Kitchen zone group 108b. Other example zone variables and identifiers are described below.

[0098] In yet another example, the memory may store variables or identifiers representing other associations of zones and zone groups, such as identifiers associated with Areas, as shown in Figure IM. An area may involve a cluster of zone groups and/or zones not within a zone group. For instance, Figure IM shows an Upper Area 109a including Zones A-D and I, and a Lower Area 109b including Zones E-I. In one aspect, an Area may be used to invoke a cluster of zone groups and/or zones that share one or more zones and/or zone groups of another cluster. In another aspect, this differs from a zone group, which does not share a zone with another zone group. Further examples of techniques for implementing Areas may be found, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 10,712,997 filed August 21, 2017, and titled “Room Association Based on Name,” and U.S. Patent No. 8,483,853 filed September 11, 2007, and titled “Controlling and manipulating groupings in a multi-zone media system.” Each of these patents is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the media playback system 100 may not implement Areas, in which case the system may not store variables associated with Areas. 111. Example Systems and Devices

[0099] Figure 2A is a front isometric view of a playback device 210 configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology. Figure 2B is a front isometric view of the playback device 210 without a grille 216e. Figure 2C is an exploded view of the playback device 210. Referring to Figures 2A-2C together, the playback device 210 comprises a housing 216 that includes an upper portion 216a, a right or first side portion 216b, a lower portion, a left or second side portion 216d, the grille 216e, and a rear portion 216f. A plurality of fasteners 216g (e.g., one or more screws, rivets, clips) attaches a frame 216h to the housing 216. A cavity 216j (Figure 2C) in the housing 216 is configured to receive the frame 216h and electronics 212. The frame 216h is configured to carry a plurality of transducers 214 (identified individually in Figure 2B as transducers 214a-f). The electronics 212 (e.g., the electronics 112 of Figure 1C) are configured to receive audio content from an audio source and send electrical signals corresponding to the audio content to the transducers 214 for playback.

[0100] The transducers 214 are configured to receive the electrical signals from the electronics

112, and further configured to convert the received electrical signals into audible sound during playback. For instance, the transducers 214a-c (e.g., tweeters) can be configured to output high frequency sound (e.g., sound waves having a frequency greater than about 2 kHz). The transducers 214d-f (e.g., mid-woofers, woofers, midrange speakers) can be configured output sound at frequencies lower than the transducers 214a-c (e.g., sound waves having a frequency lower than about 2 kHz). In some embodiments, the playback device 210 includes a number of transducers different than those illustrated in Figures 2A-2C. For example, as described in further detail below with respect to Figures 3A-3C, the playback device 210 can include fewer than six transducers (e.g., one, two, three). In other embodiments, however, the playback device 210 includes more than six transducers (e.g., nine, ten). Moreover, in some embodiments, all or a portion of the transducers 214 are configured to operate as a phased array to desirably adjust (e.g., narrow or widen) a radiation pattern of the transducers 214, thereby altering a user’s perception of the sound emitted from the playback device 210. [0101] In some examples, a filter is axially aligned with the transducer 214b. The filter can be configured to desirably attenuate a predetermined range of frequencies that the transducer 214b outputs to improve sound quality and a perceived sound stage output collectively by the transducers 214. In some embodiments, however, the playback device 210 omits the filter. In other embodiments, the playback device 210 includes one or more additional filters aligned with the transducers 214b and/or at least another of the transducers 214.

[0102] Figures 3A and 3B are front and right isometric side views, respectively, of an NMD 320 configured in accordance with embodiments of the disclosed technology. Figure 3C is an exploded view of the NMD 320. Figure 3D is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 3B including a user interface 313 of the NMD 320. Referring first to Figures 3A-3C, the NMD 320 includes a housing 316 comprising an upper portion 316a, a lower portion 316b and an intermediate portion 316c (e.g., a grille). A plurality of ports, holes or apertures 316d in the upper portion 316a allow sound to pass through to one or more microphones 315 (Figure 3C) positioned within the housing 316. The one or more microphones 315 are configured to receive sound via the apertures 316d and produce electrical signals based on the received sound. In the illustrated embodiment, a frame 316e (Figure 3C) of the housing 316 surrounds cavities 316f and 316g configured to house, respectively, a first transducer 314a (e.g., a tweeter) and a second transducer 314b (e.g., a midwoofer, a midrange speaker, a woofer). In other embodiments, however, the NMD 320 includes a single transducer, or more than two (e.g., two, five, six) transducers. In certain embodiments, the NMD 320 omits the transducers 314a and 314b altogether.

[0103] Electronics 312 (Figure 3C) includes components configured to drive the transducers 314a and 314b, and further configured to analyze audio data corresponding to the electrical signals produced by the one or more microphones 315. In some embodiments, for example, the electronics 312 comprises many or all of the components of the electronics 112 described above with respect to Figure 1C. In certain embodiments, the electronics 312 includes components described above with respect to Figure IF such as, for example, the one or more processors 112a, the memory 112b, the software components 112c, the network interface 112d, etc. In some embodiments, the electronics 312 includes additional suitable components (e.g., proximity or other sensors). [0104] Referring to Figure 3D, the user interface 313 includes a plurality of control surfaces (e.g., buttons, knobs, capacitive surfaces) including a first control surface 313a (e.g., a previous control), a second control surface 313b (e.g., a next control), and a third control surface 313c (e.g., a play and/or pause control) that can be adjusted by a user 323. A fourth control surface 313d is configured to receive touch input corresponding to activation and deactivation of the one or microphones 315. A first indicator 313e (e.g., one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) or another suitable illuminator) can be configured to illuminate only when the one or more microphones 315 are activated. A second indicator 313f (e.g., one or more LEDs) can be configured to remain solid during normal operation and to blink or otherwise change from solid to indicate a detection of voice activity. In some embodiments, the user interface 313 includes additional or fewer control surfaces and illuminators. In one embodiment, for example, the user interface 313 includes the first indicator 313e, omitting the second indicator 313f. Moreover, in certain embodiments, the NMD 320 comprises a playback device and a control device, and the user interface 313 comprises the user interface of the control device.

[0105] Referring to Figures 3A-3D together, the NMD 320 is configured to receive voice commands from one or more adjacent users via the one or more microphones 315. As described above with respect to Figure IB, the one or more microphones 315 can acquire, capture, or record sound in a vicinity (e.g., a region within 10m or less of the NMD 320) and transmit electrical signals corresponding to the recorded sound to the electronics 312. The electronics 312 can process the electrical signals and can analyze the resulting audio data to determine a presence of one or more voice commands (e.g., one or more activation words). In some embodiments, for example, after detection of one or more suitable voice commands, the NMD 320 is configured to transmit a portion of the recorded audio data to another device and/or a remote server (e.g., one or more of the computing devices 106 of Figure IB) for further analysis. The remote server can analyze the audio data, determine an appropriate action based on the voice command, and transmit a message to the NMD 320 to perform the appropriate action. For instance, a user may speak “Sonos, play Michael lackson.” The NMD 320 can, via the one or more microphones 315, record the user’s voice utterance, determine the presence of a voice command, and transmit the audio data having the voice command to a remote server (e.g., one or more of the remote computing devices 106 of Figure IB, one or more servers of a VAS and/or another suitable service). The remote server can analyze the audio data and determine an action corresponding to the command. The remote server can then transmit a command to the NMD 320 to perform the determined action (e.g., play back audio content related to Michael Jackson). The NMD 320 can receive the command and play back the audio content related to Michael Jackson from a media content source. As described above with respect to Figure IB, suitable content sources can include a device or storage communicatively coupled to the NMD 320 via a LAN (e.g., the network 104 of Figure IB), a remote server (e.g., one or more of the remote computing devices 106 of Figure IB), etc. In certain embodiments, however, the NMD 320 determines and/or performs one or more actions corresponding to the one or more voice commands without intervention or involvement of an external device, computer, or server.

[0106] Figure 3E is a functional block diagram showing additional features of the NMD 320 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. The NMD 320 includes components configured to facilitate voice command capture including voice activity detector component(s) 312k, beam former components 3121, acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) and/or self-sound suppression components 312m, activation word detector components 312n, and voice/speech conversion components 312o (e.g., voice-to-text and text-to-voice). In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 3E, the foregoing components 312k-312o are shown as separate components. In some embodiments, however, one or more of the components 312k-312o are subcomponents of the processors 112a.

[0107] The beamforming and self-sound suppression components 3121 and 312m are configured to detect an audio signal and determine aspects of voice input represented in the detected audio signal, such as the direction, amplitude, frequency spectrum, etc. The voice activity detector activity components 312k are operably coupled with the beamforming and AEC components 3121 and 312m and are configured to determine a direction and/or directions from which voice activity is likely to have occurred in the detected audio signal. Potential speech directions can be identified by monitoring metrics which distinguish speech from other sounds. Such metrics can include, for example, energy within the speech band relative to background noise and entropy within the speech band, which is measure of spectral structure. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, speech typically has a lower entropy than most common background noise. The activation word detector components 312n are configured to monitor and analyze received audio to determine if any activation words (e.g., wake words) are present in the received audio. The activation word detector components 312n may analyze the received audio using an activation word detection algorithm. If the activation word detector 312n detects an activation word, the NMD 320 may process voice input contained in the received audio. Example activation word detection algorithms accept audio as input and provide an indication of whether an activation word is present in the audio. Many first- and third-party activation word detection algorithms are known and commercially available. For instance, operators of a voice service may make their algorithm available for use in third-party devices. Alternatively, an algorithm may be trained to detect certain activation words. In some embodiments, the activation word detector 312n runs multiple activation word detection algorithms on the received audio simultaneously (or substantially simultaneously). As noted above, different voice services (e.g., AMAZON’S ALEXA, APPLE’S SIRI, or MICROSOFT’S CORT ANA) can each use a different activation word for invoking their respective voice service. To support multiple services, the activation word detector 312n may run the received audio through the activation word detection algorithm for each supported voice service in parallel.

[0108] The speech/text conversion components 312o may facilitate processing by converting speech in the voice input to text. In some embodiments, the electronics 312 can include voice recognition software that is trained to a particular user or a particular set of users associated with a household. Such voice recognition software may implement voice-processing algorithms that are tuned to specific voice profile(s). Tuning to specific voice profiles may require less computationally intensive algorithms than traditional voice activity services, which typically sample from a broad base of users and diverse requests that are not targeted to media playback systems. [0109] Figure 3F is a schematic diagram of an example voice input 328 captured by the NMD 320 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. The voice input 328 can include an activation word portion 328a and a voice utterance portion 328b. In some embodiments, the activation word 328a can be a known activation word, such as “Alexa,” which is associated with AMAZON’S ALEXA. In other embodiments, however, the voice input 328 may not include an activation word. In some embodiments, a network microphone device may output an audible and/or visible response upon detection of the activation word portion 328a. In addition, or alternately, an NMD may output an audible and/or visible response after processing a voice input and/or a series of voice inputs.

[0110] The voice utterance portion 328b may include, for example, one or more spoken commands (identified individually as a first command 328c and a second command 328e) and one or more spoken keywords (identified individually as a first keyword 328d and a second keyword 3281). In one example, the first command 328c can be a command to play music, such as a specific song, album, playlist, etc. In this example, the keywords may be one or words identifying one or more zones in which the music is to be played, such as the Living Room and the Dining Room shown in Figure 1A. In some examples, the voice utterance portion 328b can include other information, such as detected pauses (e.g., periods of non-speech) between words spoken by a user, as shown in Figure 3F. The pauses may demarcate the locations of separate commands, keywords, or other information spoke by the user within the voice utterance portion 328b.

[0U1] In some embodiments, the media playback system 100 is configured to temporarily reduce the volume of audio content that it is playing while detecting the activation word portion 328a. The media playback system 100 may restore the volume after processing the voice input 328, as shown in Figure 3F. Such a process can be referred to as ducking, examples of which are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 10,499,146, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0112] Figures 4A-4D are schematic diagrams of a control device 430 (e.g., the control device 130a of Figure 1H, a smartphone, a tablet, a dedicated control device, an loT device, and/or another suitable device) showing corresponding user interface displays in various states of operation. A first user interface display 431a (Figure 4A) includes a display name 433a (i.e., “Rooms”). A selected group region 433b displays audio content information (e.g., artist name, track name, album art) of audio content played back in the selected group and/or zone. Group regions 433c and 433d display corresponding group and/or zone name, and audio content information audio content played back or next in a playback queue of the respective group or zone. An audio content region 433e includes information related to audio content in the selected group and/or zone (i.e., the group and/or zone indicated in the selected group region 433b). A lower display region 433f is configured to receive touch input to display one or more other user interface displays. For example, if a user selects “Browse” in the lower display region 433f, the control device 430 can be configured to output a second user interface display 43 lb (Figure 4B) comprising a plurality of music services 433g (e.g., Spotify, Radio by Tunein, Apple Music, Pandora, Amazon, TV, local music, line-in) through which the user can browse and from which the user can select media content for play back via one or more playback devices (e.g., one of the playback devices 110 of Figure 1A). Alternatively, if the user selects “My Sonos” in the lower display region 433f, the control device 430 can be configured to output a third user interface display 431c (Figure 4C). A first media content region 433h can include graphical representations (e.g., album art) corresponding to individual albums, stations, or playlists. A second media content region 433 i can include graphical representations (e.g., album art) corresponding to individual songs, tracks, or other media content. If the user selects a graphical representation 433j (Figure 4C), the control device 430 can be configured to begin play back of audio content corresponding to the graphical representation 433j and output a fourth user interface display 43 Id that includes an enlarged version of the graphical representation 433j, media content information 433k (e.g., track name, artist, album), transport controls 433m (e.g., play, previous, next, pause, volume), and indication 433n of the currently selected group and/or zone name.

[0113] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a control device 530 (e.g., a laptop computer, a desktop computer). The control device 530 includes transducers 534, a microphone 535, and a camera 536. A user interface 531 includes a transport control region 533a, a playback status region 533c, a playback zone region 533b, a playback queue region 533d, and a media content source region 533e. The transport control region comprises one or more controls for controlling media playback including, for example, volume, previous, play/pause, next, repeat, shuffle, track position, crossfade, equalization, etc. The audio content source region 533e includes a listing of one or more media content sources from which a user can select media items for play back and/or adding to a playback queue.

[0114] The playback zone region 533b can include representations of playback zones within the media playback system 100 (Figures 1A and IB). In some embodiments, the graphical representations of playback zones may be selectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage or configure the playback zones in the media playback system, such as a creation of bonded zones, creation of zone groups, separation of zone groups, renaming of zone groups, etc. In the illustrated embodiment, a “group” icon is provided within each of the graphical representations of playback zones. The “group” icon provided within a graphical representation of a particular zone may be selectable to bring up options to select one or more other zones in the media playback system to be grouped with the particular zone. Once grouped, playback devices in the zones that have been grouped with the particular zone can be configured to play audio content in synchrony with the playback device(s) in the particular zone. Analogously, a “group” icon may be provided within a graphical representation of a zone group. In the illustrated embodiment, the “group” icon may be selectable to bring up options to deselect one or more zones in the zone group to be removed from the zone group. In some embodiments, the control device 530 includes other interactions and implementations for grouping and ungrouping zones via the user interface 531. In certain embodiments, the representations of playback zones in the playback zone region 533b can be dynamically updated as playback zone or zone group configurations are modified.

[0115] The playback status region 533c includes graphical representations of audio content that is presently being played, previously played, or scheduled to play next in the selected playback zone or zone group. The selected playback zone or zone group may be visually distinguished on the user interface, such as within the playback zone region 533b and/or the playback queue region 533d. The graphical representations may include track title, artist name, album name, album year, track length, and other relevant information that may be useful for the user to know when controlling the media playback system 100 via the user interface 531. [0116] The playback queue region 533d includes graphical representations of audio content in a playback queue associated with the selected playback zone or zone group. In some embodiments, each playback zone or zone group may be associated with a playback queue containing information corresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the playback zone or zone group. For instance, each audio item in the playback queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI), a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier that may be used by a playback device in the playback zone or zone group to find and/or retrieve the audio item from a local audio content source or a networked audio content source, possibly for playback by the playback device. In some embodiments, for example, a playlist can be added to a playback queue, in which information corresponding to each audio item in the playlist may be added to the playback queue. In some embodiments, audio items in a playback queue may be saved as a playlist. In certain embodiments, a playback queue may be empty, or populated but “not in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing continuously streaming audio content, such as Internet radio that may continue to play until otherwise stopped, rather than discrete audio items that have playback durations. In some embodiments, a playback queue can include Internet radio and/or other streaming audio content items and be “in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing those items.

[0117] When playback zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped,” playback queues associated with the affected playback zones or zone groups may be cleared or re-associated. For example, if a first playback zone including a first playback queue is grouped with a second playback zone including a second playback queue, the established zone group may have an associated playback queue that is initially empty, that contains audio items from the first playback queue (such as if the second playback zone was added to the first playback zone), that contains audio items from the second playback queue (such as if the first playback zone was added to the second playback zone), or a combination of audio items from both the first and second playback queues. Subsequently, if the established zone group is ungrouped, the resulting first playback zone may be re-associated with the previous first playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped. Similarly, the resulting second playback zone may be re-associated with the previous second playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty, or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped.

[0118] Figure 6 is a message flow diagram illustrating data exchanges between devices of the media playback system 100 (Figures 1A-1M).

[0119] At step 650a, the media playback system 100 receives an indication of selected media content (e.g., one or more songs, albums, playlists, podcasts, videos, stations) via the control device 130a. The selected media content can comprise, for example, media items stored locally on one or more devices (e.g., the audio source 105 of Figure 1C) connected to the media playback system and/or media items stored on one or more media service servers (one or more of the remote computing devices 106 of Figure IB). In response to receiving the indication of the selected media content, the control device 130a transmits a message 651a to the playback device 110a (Figures 1A-1C) to add the selected media content to a playback queue on the playback device 110a.

[0120] At step 650b, the playback device 110a receives the message 651a and adds the selected media content to the playback queue for play back.

[0121] At step 650c, the control device 130a receives input corresponding to a command to play back the selected media content. In response to receiving the input corresponding to the command to play back the selected media content, the control device 130a transmits a message 651b to the playback device 110a causing the playback device 110a to play back the selected media content. In response to receiving the message 65 lb, the playback device 110a transmits a message 651c to the computing device 106a requesting the selected media content. The computing device 106a, in response to receiving the message 651c, transmits a message 65 Id comprising data (e.g., audio data, video data, a URL, a URI) corresponding to the requested media content.

[0122] At step 650d, the playback device 110a receives the message 65 Id with the data corresponding to the requested media content and plays back the associated media content.

[0123] At step 650e, the playback device 110a optionally causes one or more other devices to play back the selected media content. In one example, the playback device 110a is one of a bonded zone of two or more players (Figure IM). The playback device 110a can receive the selected media content and transmit all or a portion of the media content to other devices in the bonded zone. In another example, the playback device 110a is a coordinator of a group and is configured to transmit and receive timing information from one or more other devices in the group. The other one or more devices in the group can receive the selected media content from the computing device 106a, and begin playback of the selected media content in response to a message from the playback device 110a such that all of the devices in the group play back the selected media content in synchrony.

IV. Example Home Theater Environments

[0124] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a home theater environment 700. As shown, home theater environment 700 comprises a display device 706, such as a television or monitor, that displays visual content and outputs audio content that is associated with the displayed visual content via a communication link 705 to a primary playback device 702 (for example, a soundbar, a smart television box, a smart television stick, and so forth). Primary playback device 702 is capable of receiving audio via an audio input interface from a television, media player (for example, set-top box, streaming media playback device, computer), or other home theater source. Further, primary playback device 702 may operate as a sourcing device for a bonded zone (for example, a home theater group) that includes one or more satellite playback devices 704, also referred to herein as “satellites.” The satellites may play back certain channels (for example, playback devices HOj and 110k) and/or certain frequency ranges (for example, playback device 1 lOi), as shown, for example, in Figures IK and 1 J illustrating den 101 d.

[0125] Primary playback device 702 includes a first radio 712 (also referred to as a “backhaul radio”) and, using first radio 712, communicates with an access point (AP) 708 via a communication link 707 (for example, a backhaul connection). Additionally, primary playback device 702 includes a second radio 714 (also referred to as a “fronthaul radio”) and, using second radio 714, communicates with one or more satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c, ... via one or more communication links 703a, 703b, 703c. Access point 708, in turn, communicates with other devices such as a user device 710 (for example, a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, and so forth) via a communication link 709. In some examples, primary playback device 702 may be integrated with display device 706, for example a television may include a smart soundbar.

[0126] In some instances, home theater environment 700 may play back audio from a music streaming service. In such instances, primary playback device 702 may communicate with one or more cloud servers associated with a music service provider (for example, via communication link 707 to access point 708) to obtain the audio content for playback. After receipt of the audio content for playback, primary playback device 702 may communicate the audio content (or any portion thereof) to satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c, for synchronous playback via communication links 703a, 703b, 703c. In examples where primary playback device 702 is implemented as a soundbar (or otherwise comprises transducers for rendering audio content), primary playback device 702 may render the audio content in synchrony with satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c. In such examples, primary playback device 702 and satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c form a home theater bonded zone or group, as discussed above with reference to Figure 1 J, for example. In examples where primary playback device 702 is implemented as a smart television box or smart television stick (or otherwise does not comprise transducers for rendering audio content), satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c may render the audio content in synchrony with each other while primary playback device 702 may not render the audio content. In such examples, satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c form a home theater bonded zone.

[0127] In some instances, primary playback device 702 and satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c may render audio content in lip-synchrony with associated visual content displayed by display device 706. In such examples, primary playback device 702 may receive audio content from display device 706. For example, primary playback device 702 and display device 706 can include analog and/or digital interfaces that facilitate communicating the audio content (for example, multichannel audio content) such as a SPDIF RCA interface, an HDMI interface (for example, an audio return channel (ARC) HDMI interface), an optical interface (for example, a TOSLINK interface), and so forth. In such examples, communication link 705 may comprise a wired connection (for example, an SPDIF cable, an HDMI cable, a TOSLINK cable, and so forth). In other examples, primary playback device 702 and display device 706 may include wireless circuitry that facilitates wirelessly communicating the audio content from display device 706 to primary playback device 702. In such examples, communication link 705 may be a wireless communication link such as a WI-FI link, BLUETOOTH link, ZIGBEE link, Z-WAVE link, and/or wireless HDMI link.

[0128] After receipt of the audio content associated with visual content to be rendered by display device 706, primary playback device 702 may communicate the received audio content (or any portion thereof) to satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c (for example, via communication links 703a, 703b, 703c). Any of a variety of methodologies may be employed to communicate the audio content to satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c, including a wireless radio. Once the audio content has been communicated to satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c (and/or primary playback device 702) may render the audio content in synchrony with each other and in lip-synchrony with visual content displayed on display device 706. For instance, in examples where primary playback device 702 is implemented as a soundbar (or otherwise comprises transducers for rendering audio content), primary playback device 702 may render the audio content in synchrony with satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c and in lip-synchrony with the visual content displayed on display device 706. In examples where primary playback device 702 is implemented as a smart television box or smart television stick (or otherwise does not comprise transducers for rendering audio content), satellite playback devices 704a, 704b, 704c may render the audio content in synchrony with each other and in lipsynchrony with the display of visual content on display device 706 while the primary playback device 702 may not render the audio content.

[0129] In some embodiments, primary playback device 702 may also be configured to operate as an access point and/or as a router (for example, a mesh router) that client devices (for example, separate and apart from devices in home theater environment 700) may be able to connect to for network access (for example, access to a Wide Area Network (WAN) such as the Internet). For instance, primary playback device 702 may be configured as a wireless mesh router that integrates into a mesh router system to extend the range of the mesh router system. Such mesh router systems are becoming increasingly advantageous with the deployment of countless Intemet-of- Things (loT) devices in spaces (for example, residential and/or commercial spaces).

[0130] In some embodiments, one of the satellite playback devices, for example 704a, may also be configured to operate outside of the home theater environment. For instance, playback device 704a may communicate directly with user device 710 over communication link 720a, which may be implemented as a BLUETOOTH (BT) network or other suitable PAN. In such instances, user device 710 may communicate or stream audio content over communication link 720a for playback by device 704a. Playback device 704a may be configured to operate in either mode, for example in WI-FI mode as part of the home theater environment or in BT mode to stream directly from user device 710, based on user selectable preferences, as will be described in greater detail below.

[0131] In some embodiments, two or more satellite playback devices, for example 704a and 704b may be configured to operate in BT mode to provide a grouping outside of the home theatre environment. For instance, playback device 704a may stream audio content directly from user device 710, using BT over communication link 720a as described above, and then stream some portion of that audio content to playback device 704b over BT communication link 720b. In this manner, for example, playback device 704a may play back a first group of one or more channels of multi-channel audio content and playback device 704b may play back a second group of one or more channels of multi-channel audio content.

V. Example Systems and Methods for Connection, Setup, and Operation of Playback Device [0132] Figure 8 is a logical diagram of components of a playback device 704a, illustrated in Figure 7. For example, playback device 704a may be configured to communicate over either of two network interfaces based on default settings, user selection, and operation of a state machine. As illustrated in Figure 8, playback device 704a may include, among other things, a first network interface 820 coupled to a first antenna 800, a second network interface 830 coupled to a second antenna 810, a processor 840, memory 850, network configuration state machine 860, and user interface 870. In some embodiments, network configuration state machine 860 may be implemented using processor 840 and memory 850. Fewer, additional, or alternative components can be included in other implementations.

[0133] In some embodiment, one of the network interfaces (e.g., the first network interface 820) may be configured to communicate via BT and the other network interface (e.g., the second network interface 830) may be configured to communicate via WI-FI. Wireless network interfaces 820 and 830 can include, among other things, a transmit buffer, transmitter circuitry, a receive buffer, and receiver circuitry. Wireless network interfaces 820 and 830 can correspond to or include the capability of wireless interface 112e described above.

[0134] In some embodiments, user interface 870 may include one or more buttons or other mechanisms configured to enable the user to provide input to and/or otherwise control the playback device 704a, including operation of the state machine 860. In some instances, the user interface 870 may include a BLUETOOTH button, a volume up button, and a volume down button.

[0135] Processor 840 comprises clock-driven computing components configured to execute instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as memory 850. Processor 840 can correspond to or include the capabilities of processor 112a described above. For example, processor 840 can be configured to execute instructions such that the playback device is configured to implement the network configuration state machine 860, as will be described in greater detail below.

[0136] It should be appreciated that playback device 704a is schematically illustrated in Figure 8 as a logical diagram to facilitate description of various aspects of the disclosure. Accordingly, a playback device implemented using the techniques described herein may include different components (for example, additional components, fewer components, and so forth) arranged in a different fashion than are shown in Figure 8. For example, a playback device that implements the techniques described herein may implement one or more functions of state machine 860 and wireless network interfaces 820 and 830, in program instructions executed by processor 840. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components may be coupled between the elements shown in Figure 8. [0137] Figure 9 illustrates a state diagram 900 describing the operation of the network configuration state machine 860 of the playback device. The state diagram includes a “Factory Reset” state 905, a “Turn ON” state 910, a “BT Pairing” state 920, a “BT Operation” state 930, a “Transition” state 960, a “Fully Setup” state 970, and “Off’ or “Sleep” states 940 and 980.

[0138] In some embodiments, the Turn ON state 910 may be entered upon power up from the factory reset or ship state 905, also referred to as an OOB state. In some examples, the Turn ON state 910 may also be entered upon charging the playback device in the factory reset state. When in state 910, the playback device commences transmission, via the WI-FI interface 830, of messages configured to indicate that the playback device is available for setup and configuration, for example as part of a home theater environment. In some embodiments, this transmission is performed as a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing process. The transmission may continue until communication is established, a first user gesture is detected, or a timeout occurs (e.g., a timeout interval in the range of 25 to 35 minutes). In the event that the first user gesture is detected, a transition 915 to the BT Pairing state 920 occurs. In some embodiments, the first user gesture may be the pressing of a button on the playback device, for example, a button labeled BLUETOOTH. Alternatively, in the event that communication is established via WI-FI, for example if the first user gesture is not performed or detected, a transition 955 to the Fully Setup state 970 occurs, in which setup and configuration is performed, as described below.

[0139] In some embodiments, upon entering the BT Pairing state 920, the playback device ceases transmission via the WI-FI interface (e.g., terminates the WAC beaconing process). The playback device may then commence transmission, via the BT interface 820, of messages configured to indicate that the playback device is available for connection to a computing or control device (e.g., a smartphone).

[0140] Upon receiving a connection acceptance message from a computing device, via the BT interface 820, the playback device may transition 925 to the BT Operation state 930.

[0141] In some embodiments, a failure to receive a connection acceptance message within a second timeout interval (e.g., an interval in the range of two to four minutes) may cause the playback device to cease transmission via the BT interface 820 and transition back to the Turn On state 910 to resume the WAC beaconing process indicating availability for setup and configuration via WI-FI.

[0142] In some embodiments, upon entering the BT Operation state 930, the playback device is set to a BT mode and operates in the BT mode. In some instances, operation in the BT mode includes playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the BT interface 820.

[0143] In some embodiments, upon entering the Fully Setup state 970, the playback device may provide and receive authentication information, receive configuration information, and join a media playback system (e.g., a stereo pair, the home theater environment, and so forth), as described in greater detail below. The playback device is then set to a WI-FI mode and operates in the WI-FI mode. Operation in the WI-FI mode includes playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device (or other components of the media playback system) via the WI-FI interface 830.

[0144] In some embodiments, while in the BT Operation state 930, the playback device may be configured to detect a second user gesture indicating a user desire for the playback device to perform setup and configuration via the WI-FI network. In some examples, the second user gesture may be the pressing of one or more buttons on the playback device. In some such examples, the second user gesture may be the simultaneous or coincident pressing of a volume up button and a volume down button on the playback device. In response to detection of the second gesture, the playback device may transition 945 to the Transition state 960.

[0145] In the Transition state 960, the playback device may resume transmitting the messages indicating availability for setup via the WI-FI interface (e.g., resume the WAC beaconing process) and establish communication with the computing device over the WI-FI interface. The playback device may then transition 965 to the Fully Setup state 970, to be configured to join the media playback system, but remain in the BT mode and continue operating in the BT mode. While in the Transition state 960, however, the playback device may transition 950 back to the BT Operation state 930 under certain conditions. One of these conditions is detection of the first user gesture (e.g., pressing the BLUETOOTH button) indicating a desire by the user to cease setup and configuration via the WI-FT network. Another of these conditions is a timeout (e.g., the expiration of a timeout interval in the range of 25 to 35 minutes).

[0146] In some embodiments, the process for providing and receiving authentication information, and receiving configuration information may comprise the following operations. First, establishing a direct communication path with the computing device. Second, providing authentication information to the computing device, outside of the direct communication path. Third, exchanging the authentication information with the computing device via the direct communication path. Fourth, receiving from the computing device over the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network. Fifth, using the network configuration parameters to connect to the secure wireless network. Sixth, after connecting to the secure wireless network, transitioning from communicating with the computing device over the direct communication path to communicating with the computing device over the secure wireless network, and using the configuration information to join the media playback system operating on the secure wireless network.

[0147] In some embodiments, the state of the playback device, with respect to BT mode or WI-FI mode, may be stored in non-volatile memory so that after powering on or waking from a sleep state 935 or 975, the playback device may be restored to that mode. For example, when powering up into BT mode from a sleep state 935, the playback device is configured to refrain from seeking a connection via WI-FI (at least until the second user gesture is detected). Likewise, when powering up into WI-FI mode from a sleep state 975, the playback device is configured to refrain from seeking a connection via BLUETOOTH (at least until the first user gesture is detected).

[0148] Figures 10A-10C illustrate graphical user interface (GUI) displays to be displayed on a computing or control device such as, for example, a smartphone. The displays are configured to guide a user through a process for setup of a playback device.

[0149] Display 1010 shows a setup prompt, for example the “Add” button 1012 on the GUI display. The prompt indicates to the user that pressing the “Add” button will initiate setup of the playback device named “Player,” an image of which is illustrated in the display. [0150] After the user presses the “Add” button, display 1015 is presented to inform the user that the setup process is about to begin.

[0151] Display 1020 then provides instructions directing the user to perform a gesture on the playback device. In this example, the user is directed to press and hold, for three seconds, the highlighted buttons 1022, on the player to be setup. In this example, the highlighted buttons are the volume up and volume down buttons.

[0152] Display 1025 then informs the user that the player will play a chime with an embedded audio code, or identifier (e.g., a personal identification number (PIN)), to temporarily connect with the computing device and presents a “Continue” button 1027 allowing the user to confirm a desire to proceed with the setup process.

[0153] Display 1030 is then presented to inform the user that discovery of the playback device is in process. As the process continues, display 1035 states that the playback device is connecting, and display 1040 states that the connection is to a particular named WI-FI network.

[0154] After the playback device has been successfully connected to the WI-FI network, display 1050 informs the user that the playback device is being added to the media playback system (e.g., the home theater environment). Display 1055 then states that the addition has been successful. Lastly, display 1060 informs the user that further customization of the playback device may be accomplished in the “Settings” dialog or menu of the computing device. Additionally, prompts for “Done” 1062 and for “More Information” 1064 are presented for the user to select, as desired. [0155] Figures 11 and 12 illustrate example methods 1100 and 1200 for connection of a playback device to a user selected network. However, other system architectures and software components can be used to perform such functionality in other implementations. To this end, the correlation of the various functionalities shown in Figures 11 and 12 to the various components of the playback device illustrated in Figure 8 is not intended to imply any structural and/or use limitations. Rather, other implementations may include, for example, varying degrees of integration wherein certain functionalities are effectively performed by different systems or modules. Thus, other implementations may have fewer or more modules depending on the granularity of a particular implementation. [0156] As can be seen, methods 1100 and 1200 include a number of phases and sub-processes, the sequence of which may vary from one implementation to another. In some cases, different operations may be performed in an overlapping fashion, particularly where the different overlapping operations are performed by different components. When considered in the aggregate, these phases and sub-processes are capable of providing user selectable network connection, and device setup and configuration.

[0157] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1100 for connection of a playback device to a user selected network. The method may be performed by, for example, any of the playback devices described herein. Method 1100 commences at block 1110, from a factory reset state 905 (e.g., an OOB or ship state), by transmitting, via a WI-FI interface 830, a set of one or more messages. The one or more messages, in their totality, may be configured to provide an indication that the playback device is available for setup and configuration, for example as part of a home theater environment or any other operating environment. In some embodiments, this transmission is implemented as a WAC beaconing process. The transmission may continue until a particular event occurs such as communication is established, a timeout occurs, and/or a user gesture is detected. In some embodiments, the timeout interval may be in the range of 25 to 35 minutes.

[0158] At block 1120, method 1100 further includes detecting a user gesture. In some examples, the user gesture may be the pressing of one or more buttons on the playback device, for example, a button labeled BLUETOOTH. Other examples of gestures include detecting particular movement pattern and/or orientation of the playback device (e.g., shaking motion, flipping motion, etc.).

[0159] At block 1130, method 1100 further includes ceasing transmission of the messages via the WI-FI interface.

[0160] At block 1140, method 1100 further includes transmitting, via the BT interface 820, one or more messages that, in their totality, indicate that the playback device is available for connection. [0161] At block 1150, method 1100 further includes receiving a connection acceptance message via the BT interface 820. The connection acceptance message may be received from a computing or control device (e g., from a smartphone). In some embodiments, failure to receive a connection acceptance message within a timeout interval (e.g., in the range of two to four minutes) may cause the playback device to resume transmission of the messages indicating availability for setup and configuration via WI-FI.

[0162] At block 1160, method 1100 further includes setting the playback device to a BT mode and operating the device in the BT mode. Operation in the BT mode includes playing back one or more channels of audio content (e.g., multi-channel audio content) communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the BT interface.

[0163] In some embodiments, if the user gesture is not performed and detected, the playback device may continue transmission over the WI-FI interface and establish communication with the computing device over the WI-FI interface. The playback device may then provide and receive authentication information, receive configuration information, and join a media playback system (e.g., the home theater environment). The playback device may then set to a WI-FI mode and operate in that mode. Operation in the WI-FI mode includes playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device (or other components of the media playback system) via the WI-FI interface.

[0164] In some embodiments, the playback device, while operating in the BT mode, may detect a second user gesture indicating a user desire for the playback device to perform setup and configuration via the WI-FI network. In some examples, the second user gesture may be the pressing of one or more buttons on the playback device. In some such examples, the second user gesture may be the simultaneous or coincident pressing of a volume up button and a volume down button on the playback device. In response to detection of the second gesture, the playback device may resume transmitting the messages indicating availability for setup via the WI-FI interface and may establish communication with the computing device over the WI-FI interface. The playback device may then provide and receive authentication information, receive configuration information, and join the media playback system (e.g., the home theater environment). The playback device may, however, remain in the BT mode and continue operating in that mode. [0165] In some embodiments, the state of the playback device, for example BT mode or WI-FI mode, may be stored in non-volatile memory so that after powering on or waking from a sleep state, the playback device may be restored to that mode.

[0166] Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1200 for operation of a computing device to provide connection of a playback device to a user selected network. The method 1200 may be performed by, for example, any of the computing devices, user devices, and/or control devices described herein. Method 1200 commences at block 1210, by displaying a setup prompt on a GUI of the computing device. The setup prompt allowing the user to initiate setup of the playback device.

[0167] At block 1220, method 1200 further includes detecting selection of the setup prompt in the GUI, by the user.

[0168] At block 1230, method 1200 further includes scanning for BT devices using a BT communications interface of the computing device.

[0169] At block 1240, method 1200 further includes detecting the playback device as a BT device based on and/or in response to the scan.

[0170] At block 1250, method 1200 further includes displaying a prompt on the GUI instructing the user to perform a user gesture on the playback device. In some examples, the user gesture may be the pressing of one or more buttons on the playback device. In some such examples, the user gesture may be the simultaneous or coincident pressing of a volume up button and a volume down button on the playback device. Other examples of gestures include detecting particular movement pattern and/or orientation of the playback device (e g., shaking motion, flipping motion, etc.).

[0171] At block 1260, method 1200 further includes receiving, via a WI-FI communications interface of the computing device, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup. In some embodiments, the receiving of the messages via the WI-FI interface conforms to a WAC beaconing protocol.

[0172] At block 1270, method 1200 further includes displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device is in the process of being discovered. [0173] At block 1280, method 1200 further includes transmitting to the playback device, via the WI-FI communications interface, configuration information for joining a media playback system. [0174] At block 1290, method 1200 further includes detecting that the playback device has joined the media playback system and adding the playback device to the media playback system. In some embodiments, the method further includes, after adding the playback device to the media playback system, displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device has been added to the media playback system and providing instructions for user customization of the playback device.

VI. Conclusion

[0175] The above discussions relating to playback devices, controller devices, playback zone configurations, and media content sources provide only some examples of operating environments within which functions and methods described herein may be implemented. Other operating environments and configurations of media playback systems, playback devices, and network devices not explicitly described herein may also be applicable and suitable for implementation of the functions and methods.

[0176] The description above discloses, among other things, various example systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware. It is understood that such examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of the firmware, hardware, and/or software aspects or components can be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, the examples provided are not the only ways to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture.

[0177] Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of an invention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined with other embodiments.

[0178] The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrative environments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble the operations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These process descriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is understood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description of embodiments.

[0179] When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at least one example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible, non-transitory medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the software and/or firmware.

VII. Example Features

[0180] The following examples pertain to further embodiments, from which numerous permutations and configurations will be apparent.

[0181] (Feature 1) A playback device comprising: at least one processor; a first communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one first communication protocol; a second communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one second communication protocol; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to, after powering on from a factory reset state: transmit, via the second communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup; after detection of a first user gesture: cease transmission, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, transmit, via the first communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for connection, after receipt of a connection acceptance message via the first communication interface from a computing device, connect to the computing device via the first communication interface, operate the playback device in a first mode, operation of the playback device in the first mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the first communication interface, and set a state of the playback device as the first mode.

[0182] (Feature 2) The playback device of feature 1, wherein the first communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one personal area network (PAN), and the second communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one local area network (LAN).

[0183] (Feature 3) The playback device of feature 2, wherein the at least one first communication protocol comprises a BLUETOOTH protocol and wherein the at least one second communication protocol comprises an 802.11-based protocol.

[0184] (Feature 4) The playback device of feature 1, wherein the first user gesture comprises pressing at least one button on the playback device.

[0185] (Feature 5) The playback device of feature 1, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to, in response to a second user gesture occurring while the playback device is operating in the first mode: resume transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup; establish a direct communication path with the computing device; provide, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchange, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging the authentication information with the computing device, receive from the computing device via the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; and continue to operate the playback device in the first mode.

[0186] (Feature 6) The playback device of feature 5, wherein the second user gesture comprises simultaneous pressing of a volume up button and a volume down button on the playback device.

[0187] (Feature 7) The playback device of feature 1, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to, in absence of the first user gesture, after powering on from the factory reset state: establish a direct communication path with the computing device; provide, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchange, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device, receive from the computing device over the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; use the network configuration parameters to connect to the secure wireless network; and after connecting to the secure wireless network: transition from communicating with the computing device over the direct communication path to communicating with the computing device over the secure wireless network, use the configuration information to join the media playback system operating on the secure wireless network, operate the playback device in a second mode, operation of the playback device in the second mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content, the multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the second communication interface, and set the state of the playback device as the second mode. [0188] (Feature 8) The playback device of feature 1, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to: cease transmission, via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup, after expiration of a time interval.

[0189] (Feature 9) The playback device of feature 8, wherein the time interval is in a range of 25 to 35 minutes.

[0190] (Feature 10) The playback device of feature 1, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to, in response to a failure to receive the connection acceptance message via the first communication interface after expiration of a time interval: resume transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup.

[0191] (Feature 11) The playback device of feature 10, wherein the time interval is in a range of 2 to 4 minutes.

[0192] (Feature 12) The playback device of feature 1, wherein to transmit, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, comprises to conform to a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing protocol.

[0193] (Feature 13) The playback device of feature 1, wherein the playback device further comprises a non-volatile memory and the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to store the state of the playback device in the non-volatile memory.

[0194] (Feature 14) The playback device of feature 13, wherein the at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to, after powering on or waking from a sleep state, set the state of the playback device based on the stored state of the playback device in the non-volatile memory. [0195] (Feature 15) A method of operating a playback device, the method comprising: after powering on from a factory reset state: transmitting, via a second communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, the second communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one second communication protocol; after detection of a first user gesture: ceasing transmission, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, transmitting, via a first communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for connection, the first communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one first communication protocol, after receipt of a connection acceptance message via the first communication interface from a computing device, connecting to the computing device via the first communication interface, operating the playback device in a first mode, operation of the playback device in the first mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the first communication interface, and setting a state of the playback device as the first mode.

[0196] (Feature 16) The method of feature 15, wherein the first communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one personal area network (PAN), and the second communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one local area network (LAN).

[0197] (Feature 17) The method of feature 16, wherein the at least one first communication protocol comprises a BLUETOOTH protocol and wherein the at least one second communication protocol comprises an 802.11-based protocol.

[0198] (Feature 18) The method of feature 15, wherein the first user gesture comprises pressing at least one button on the playback device.

[0199] (Feature 19) The method of feature 15, further comprising, in response to a second user gesture occurring while the playback device is operating in the first mode: resuming transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup; establishing a direct communication path with the computing device; providing, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging the authentication information with the computing device, receiving from the computing device via the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; and continuing to operate the playback device in the first mode.

[0200] (Feature 20) The method of feature 19, wherein the second user gesture comprises simultaneous pressing of a volume up button and a volume down button on the playback device. [0201] (Feature 21) The method of feature 15, further comprising, in absence of the first user gesture, after powering on from the factory reset state: establishing a direct communication path with the computing device; providing, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device, receiving from the computing device over the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; using the network configuration parameters to connect to the secure wireless network; and after connecting to the secure wireless network: transitioning from communicating with the computing device over the direct communication path to communicating with the computing device over the secure wireless network, using the configuration information to join the media playback system operating on the secure wireless network, operating the playback device in a second mode, operation of the playback device in the second mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multichannel audio content, the multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the second communication interface, and setting the state of the playback device as the second mode.

[0202] (Feature 22) The method of feature 15, further comprising ceasing transmission, via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup, after expiration of a time interval.

[0203] (Feature 23) The method of feature 22, wherein the time interval is in a range of 25 to 35 minutes.

[0204] (Feature 24) The method of feature 15, further comprising, in response to a failure to receive the connection acceptance message via the first communication interface after expiration of a time interval, resuming transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup.

[0205] (Feature 25) The method of feature 24, wherein the time interval is in a range of 2 to 4 minutes.

[0206] (Feature 26) The method of feature 15, wherein transmitting, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup comprises conforming to a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing protocol.

[0207] (Feature 27) The method of feature 15, further comprising storing the state of the playback device in non-volatile memory.

[0208] (Feature 28) The method of feature 27, further comprising, after powering on or waking from a sleep state, setting the state of the playback device based on the stored state of the playback device in the non-volatile memory.

[0209] (Feature 29) A method performed by a computing device comprising a display, the method comprising: displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) on the display, the GUI comprising a setup prompt to initiate setup of a playback device; detecting selection of the setup prompt in the GUI; scanning for a BLUETOOTH device using a first communications interface of the computing device; detecting a playback device as a BLUETOOTH device in response to the scan; displaying a prompt on the GUI for a user to perform a user gesture on the playback device; receiving, via a second communications interface of the computing device, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup; displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device is being discovered; transmitting to the playback device, via the second communications interface, configuration information for joining a media playback system; detecting that the playback device has joined the media playback system; and adding the playback device to the media playback system.

[0210] (Feature 30) The method of feature 29, wherein the user gesture comprises simultaneous pressing of a volume up button and a volume down button on the playback device.

[0211] (Feature 31) The method of feature 29, further comprising, after adding the playback device to the media playback system, displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device has been added to the media playback system.

[0212] (Feature 32) The method of feature 31, further comprising, after displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device has been added to the media playback system, displaying a message on the GUI providing instructions for user customization of the playback device.

[0213] (Feature 33) The method of feature 29, wherein the receiving, via the second communications interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup conforms to a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing protocol.

[0214] (Feature 34) The method of feature 29, wherein the first communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one personal area network (PAN), and the second communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one local area network (LAN).

[0215] (Feature 35) The method of feature 34, wherein the at least one first communication protocol comprises a BLUETOOTH protocol and wherein the at least one second communication protocol comprises an 802.11-based protocol.

[0216] (Feature 36) A method of operating a playback device, the method comprising: after powering on from a factory reset state: transmitting, via a second communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, the second communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one second communication protocol; after detection of a first user gesture: ceasing transmission, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, transmitting, via a first communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for connection, the first communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one first communication protocol, after receiving a connection acceptance message via the first communication interface from a computing device: connecting to the computing device via the first communication interface, operating the playback device in a first mode, operation of the playback device in the first mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the first communication interface, and setting a state of the playback device as the first mode.

[0217] (Feature 37) The method of feature 36, wherein the first communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one personal area network (PAN).

[0218] (Feature 38) The method of any preceding feature, wherein the second communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one local area network (LAN).

[0219] (Feature 39) The method of any preceding feature, wherein the at least one first communication protocol comprises a BLUETOOTH protocol.

[0220] (Feature 40) The method of any preceding feature, wherein the at least one second communication protocol comprises an 802.11-based protocol.

[0221] (Feature 41) The method of any preceding feature, wherein the first user gesture comprises a particular user input to at least one button on the playback device.

[0222] (Feature 42) The method of any preceding feature, further comprising, in response to a second user gesture occurring while the playback device is operating in the first mode: resuming transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup; establishing a direct communication path with the computing device; providing, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging the authentication information with the computing device, receiving from the computing device via the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; and continuing to operate the playback device in the first mode.

[0223] (Feature 43) The method of any preceding feature, wherein the second user gesture comprises a second particular user input to one or more buttons on the playback device.

[0224] (Feature 44) The method of any preceding feature, wherein the playback device is configured for, in absence of the first user gesture, after powering on from the factory reset state: establishing a direct communication path with the computing device; providing, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device, receiving from the computing device over the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; using the network configuration parameters to connect to the secure wireless network; and after connecting to the secure wireless network: transitioning from communicating with the computing device over the direct communication path to communicating with the computing device over the secure wireless network, using the configuration information to join the media playback system operating on the secure wireless network, operating the playback device in a second mode, operation of the playback device in the second mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content, the multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the second communication interface, and setting the state of the playback device as the second mode. [0225] (Feature 45) The method of any preceding feature, further comprising ceasing transmission, via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup, after expiration of a time interval.

[0226] (Feature 46) The method of feature 45, wherein the time interval is in a range of 25 to 35 minutes.

[0227] (Feature 47) The method of any preceding feature, further comprising, when the connection acceptance message is not received via the first communication interface, resuming transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup.

[0228] (Feature 48) The method of feature 47, wherein resuming transmission is performed when the acceptance messages is not received after expiration of time interval, the time interval preferably in a range of 2 to 4 minutes.

[0229] (Feature 49) The method of any preceding feature, wherein transmitting, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup comprises conforming to a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing protocol.

[0230] (Feature 50) The method of any preceding feature, further comprising storing the state of the playback device in non-volatile memory.

[0231] (Feature 51) The method of feature 50, further comprising, after powering on or waking from a sleep state, setting the state of the playback device based on the stored state of the playback device in the non-volatile memory.

[0232] (Feature 52) A method performed by a computing device comprising a display, the method comprising: displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) on the display, the GUI comprising a setup prompt to initiate setup of a playback device; detecting selection of the setup prompt in the GUI; scanning for a BLUETOOTH device using a first communications interface of the computing device; detecting a playback device as a BLUETOOTH device in response to the scan; displaying a prompt on the GUI for a user to perform a user gesture on the playback device; receiving, via a second communications interface of the computing device, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup; displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device is being discovered; transmitting to the playback device, via the second communications interface, configuration information for joining a media playback system; detecting that the playback device has joined the media playback system; and adding the playback device to the media playback system.

[0233] (Feature 53) The method of feature 52, wherein the user gesture comprises a particular input to one or more buttons on the playback device.

[0234] (Feature 54) The method of feature 52 or 53, further comprising, after adding the playback device to the media playback system, displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device has been added to the media playback system.

[0235] (Feature 55) The method of feature 54, further comprising, after displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device has been added to the media playback system, displaying a message on the GUI providing instructions for user customization of the playback device.

[0236] (Feature 56) The method of one of features 52 to 55, wherein the receiving, via the second communications interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup conforms to a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing protocol.

[0237] (Feature 57) The method of one of features 52 to 56, wherein the first communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one personal area network (PAN). [0238] (Feature 58) The method of one of features 52 to 57, wherein the second communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one local area network (LAN).

[0239] (Feature 59) The method of one of features 52 to 58, wherein the at least one first communication protocol comprises a BLUETOOTH protocol.

[0240] (Feature 60) The method of one of features 52 to 59, wherein the at least one second communication protocol comprises an 802.11-based protocol.

[0241] (Feature 61) A playback device comprising: at least one processor; a first communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one first communication protocol; a second communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one second communication protocol; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to perform the method of one of features 36 to 51.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method of operating a playback device, the method comprising: after powering on from a factory reset state: transmitting, via a second communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, the second communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one second communication protocol; after detection of a first user gesture: ceasing transmission, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup, transmitting, via a first communication interface, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for connection, the first communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one first communication protocol, after receiving a connection acceptance message via the first communication interface from a computing device: connecting to the computing device via the first communication interface, operating the playback device in a first mode, operation of the playback device in the first mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multichannel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the first communication interface, and setting a state of the playback device as the first mode.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one personal area network (PAN).

3. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the second communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one local area network (LAN).

4. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one first communication protocol comprises a BLUETOOTH protocol.

5. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one second communication protocol comprises an 802.11-based protocol.

6. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the first user gesture comprises a particular user input to at least one button on the playback device.

7. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising, in response to a second user gesture occurring while the playback device is operating in the first mode: resuming transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup; establishing a direct communication path with the computing device; providing, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging the authentication information with the computing device, receiving from the computing device via the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; and continuing to operate the playback device in the first mode.

8. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the second user gesture comprises a second particular user input to one or more buttons on the playback device.

9. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the playback device is configured for, in absence of the first user gesture, after powering on from the factory reset state: establishing a direct communication path with the computing device; providing, outside the direct communication path, authentication information to the computing device; after providing, outside the direct communication path, the authentication information to the computing device, exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device; after exchanging, via the direct communication path, the authentication information with the computing device, receiving from the computing device over the direct communication path, (i) network configuration parameters for connecting to a secure wireless network and (ii) configuration information for joining a media playback system operating on the secure wireless network; using the network configuration parameters to connect to the secure wireless network; and after connecting to the secure wireless network: transitioning from communicating with the computing device over the direct communication path to communicating with the computing device over the secure wireless network, using the configuration information to join the media playback system operating on the secure wireless network, operating the playback device in a second mode, operation of the playback device in the second mode comprising playing back one or more channels of multi-channel audio content, the multi-channel audio content communicated to the playback device from the computing device via the second communication interface, and setting the state of the playback device as the second mode.

10. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising ceasing transmission, via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup, after expiration of a time interval.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the time interval is in a range of 25 to 35 minutes.

12. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising, when the connection acceptance message is not received via the first communication interface, resuming transmission via the second communication interface, the set of one or more messages indicating that the playback device is available for setup.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein resuming transmission is performed when the acceptance messages is not received after expiration of time interval, the time interval preferably in a range of 2 to 4 minutes.

14. The method of any preceding claim, wherein transmitting, via the second communication interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup comprises conforming to a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing protocol.

15. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising storing the state of the playback device in non-volatile memory.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising, after powering on or waking from a sleep state, setting the state of the playback device based on the stored state of the playback device in the non-volatile memory.

17. A method performed by a computing device comprising a display, the method comprising: displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) on the display, the GUI comprising a setup prompt to initiate setup of a playback device; detecting selection of the setup prompt in the GUI; scanning for a BLUETOOTH device using a first communications interface of the computing device; detecting a playback device as a BLUETOOTH device in response to the scan; displaying a prompt on the GUI for a user to perform a user gesture on the playback device; receiving, via a second communications interface of the computing device, a set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup; displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device is being discovered; transmitting to the playback device, via the second communications interface, configuration information for joining a media playback system; detecting that the playback device has joined the media playback system; and adding the playback device to the media playback system.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the user gesture comprises a particular input to one or more buttons on the playback device.

19. The method of claim 17 or 18, further comprising, after adding the playback device to the media playback system, displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device has been added to the media playback system.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising, after displaying a message on the GUI indicating that the playback device has been added to the media playback system, displaying a message on the GUI providing instructions for user customization of the playback device.

21. The method of one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the receiving, via the second communications interface, of the set of one or more messages collectively indicating that the playback device is available for setup conforms to a Wireless Accessory Configuration (WAC) beaconing protocol.

22. The method of one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the first communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one personal area network (PAN).

23. The method of one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the second communication interface is configured to facilitate communication over at least one local area network (LAN).

24. The method of one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the at least one first communication protocol comprises a BLUETOOTH protocol.

25. The method of one of claims 17 to 24, wherein the at least one second communication protocol comprises an 802.11-based protocol.

26. A playback device comprising: at least one processor; a first communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one first communication protocol; a second communication interface configured to facilitate communication via at least one second communication protocol; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to perform the method of one of claims 1 to 16.