WO2025156367A1 - Data transmissions with regenerative payload in satellite communications - Google Patents
Data transmissions with regenerative payload in satellite communicationsInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025156367A1 WO2025156367A1 PCT/CN2024/080058 CN2024080058W WO2025156367A1 WO 2025156367 A1 WO2025156367 A1 WO 2025156367A1 CN 2024080058 W CN2024080058 W CN 2024080058W WO 2025156367 A1 WO2025156367 A1 WO 2025156367A1
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- satellite access
- access node
- node
- network node
- satellite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
Definitions
- This patent document is directed to digital communications.
- This patent document describes, among other things, techniques related to user data transmission with regenerative payload in satellite communications.
- a method for wireless communication includes initiating, by a satellite access node upon a trigger condition, a connection procedure with a mobility network node in a core network.
- the trigger condition is related to a movement of the satellite access node with respect to the mobility network node.
- a method for wireless communication includes determining, by a mobility network node in a core network, that one or more satellite access nodes satisfy a connection condition, and initiating, by the mobility network node, a connection with at least one of the one or more satellite access nodes.
- a method for wireless communication includes receiving, by a satellite access node, a connection request initiated by a mobility network node in a core network upon a connection condition being satisfied.
- a method for wireless communication includes receiving, by a satellite access node that has no connection with a core network, a request from a terminal device requesting a reestablishment of a connection; and transmitting, by the satellite access node, a response to the terminal device in response to the request.
- a method for wireless communication includes receiving, by a mobility network node in a core network, a first message from a first satellite access node.
- the first message comprises security information of at least one terminal device for a reestablishment of a connection.
- the method also includes initiating, by the mobility network node, a procedure with a second satellite access node for the reestablishment of the connection.
- a communication apparatus in another example aspect, includes a processor that is configured to implement an above-described method.
- a computer-program storage medium includes code stored thereon.
- the code when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement a described method.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario of a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) providing access to user equipment (UE) .
- NTN Non-Terrestrial Network
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example configuration of an NTN in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a transparent payload.
- FIG. 3B illustrates an example of a regenerative payload.
- FIG. 3C illustrates an example of a regenerative payload in which two satellites communication over an Xn interface.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example of two-step signaling in Store and Forward operation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 6A is a flowchart representation of another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 6B is a flowchart representation of another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 7A is a flowchart representation of another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 7B is a flowchart representation of yet another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 8 illustrates example S1 procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 10A illustrates an example S1 reset/release procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 10B illustrates an example S1 suspend procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example paging procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an example group-based resume procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example group-based data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 14A illustrates an example of using several S1/NG reset/release procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 14B illustrates an example of using one S1/NG reset/release procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 14C illustrates an example of using one S1/NG reset/release response in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 15A illustrates an example of using several S1/NG suspend procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 15B illustrates an example of using one S1/NG suspend procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 15C illustrates an example of using one S1/NG suspend response in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 16A illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 16B illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 17A illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific radio bearer setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 17B illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG resume in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 18 illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific UE context release in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 19 illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific UE context suspend in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 20 illustrates an example procedure for Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reestablishment for CP solution in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- FIG. 21 illustrates an example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 22 illustrates another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 23 illustrates yet another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 24 illustrates an example flow control procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- FIG. 25 shows an example of a wireless communication system where techniques in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram representation of a portion of a radio station in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied.
- Section headings are used in the present document only to improve readability and do not limit scope of the disclosed embodiments and techniques in each section to only that section. Furthermore, some embodiments are described with reference to Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) or Sixth Generation (6G) standard for ease of understanding and the described technology may be implemented in different wireless system that implement protocols other than the NR or 6G protocol.
- 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
- 5G Fifth Generation
- NR New Radio
- 6G Sixth Generation
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario of an NTN providing access to user equipment (UE) .
- the satellite can be placed into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) , or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) .
- Geostationary Earth orbit is the circular orbit at 35, 786 km above the Earth's equator and following the direction of the Earth's rotation.
- An GEO satellite in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotational period and thus appears motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to ground observers.
- the typical beam footprint size of GEO is 200 –3500 km.
- Low Earth Orbit is the orbit around the Earth with an altitude between 300 km, and 1500 km.
- An LEO satellite in such an orbit encircles around the earth with the speed of 7.56 km per second.
- the typical beam footprint size of LEO is 100 –1000 km.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example configuration of an NTN in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the NTN Gateway 201 is an earth station or gateway which is located at the surface of Earth and provides sufficient RF power and RF sensitivity for accessing to the satellite.
- the NTN Gateway 201 is a transport network layer (TNL) node.
- the feeder link 203 is the wireless link between NTN Gateway and satellite.
- the service link 205 is the radio link between satellite and UE.
- the satellite typically generates several beams over a given service area bounded by its field of view.
- the footprints of the beams are typically of elliptic shape.
- a satellite can implement either a transparent or a regenerative payload.
- FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a transparent payload.
- a transparent payload involves radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification. Hence, the waveform signal repeated by the payload is un-changed.
- FIG. 3B illustrates an example of a regenerative payload.
- a regenerative payload involves radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification as well as demodulation and/or decoding, switch and/or routing, coding/modulation. This is effectively equivalent to having all or part of base station functions (e.g., gNB) on board the satellite.
- FIG. 3C illustrates an example of a regenerative payload in which two satellites communication over an Xn interface.
- Legacy IoT NTN system can benefit from architectures based on the use of regenerative payloads in the satellite and support for Store and Forward (S&F) operation where satellite access can remain operational even at times when the satellite is not connected to a ground station.
- S&F Store and Forward
- such an approach allows for extending satellite service coverage in areas where satellites cannot be connected to ground stations (e.g., maritime or very remote areas with lack of ground-stations infrastructures) , improving ground segment affordability by enabling operation with fewer ground-stations and allowing more robust operation of the satellite under intermittent/discontinuous feeder link operation.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example of two-step signaling in S&F operation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- Step A signaling/data exchange between the UE and the satellite 411 takes place, without the satellite being simultaneously connected to the ground network (e.g., the satellite is able to operate the service link without an active feeder link connection) .
- Step B connectivity between the satellite and the ground network is established so that communication between the satellite and the ground network can take place.
- the satellite 411 moves from being connected to the UE in step A to being connected to the ground network in step B.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the method 500 includes, at operation 510, initiating, by a satellite access node upon a trigger condition, a connection procedure with a mobility network node in a core network.
- the trigger condition is related to a movement of the satellite access node with respect to the mobility network node.
- the trigger condition comprises receiving, by the satellite access node, at least one data transmission from a terminal device.
- the trigger condition comprises detecting that the mobility network node is within a range of communication.
- the movement of the satellite access node indicates that the satellite access node moves towards the mobility network node in the core network.
- the method further comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, one or more first messages to the mobility network node to establish or resume a connection with the core network, and receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more second messages from the mobility network node in the core network.
- the one or more first messages indicate presence or absence of one or more data transmissions received by the satellite access node from one or more terminal devices.
- the one or more second messages indicate capability information of the mobility network node for receiving the one or more data transmissions.
- the one or more first messages comprise a single first message applicable to the one or more terminal devices.
- the single first message comprises one or more identifiers of the one or more terminal devices, each identifier corresponding to at least one of the one or more data transmissions.
- the method includes establishing one or more data radio bearers to transfer the one or more data transmissions to the mobility network node.
- the establishing optionally comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, a request to the mobility network node to initiate a transfer of the one or more data transmissions, and receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node acknowledging the request.
- each of the one or more first messages corresponds to a terminal device group and comprises a group identifier for a subset of the one or more terminal devices.
- each of the one or more second messages corresponds to a terminal device group.
- the method includes, for each terminal device group, establishing one or more data radio bearers to transfer the one or more data transmissions to the mobility network node. The establishing optionally comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, a request to the mobility network node to initiate a transfer of the one or more data transmissions, and receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node acknowledging the request.
- each of the one or more first messages corresponding to a respective terminal device, and each of the one or more second messages corresponding to a respective terminal device.
- each of the one or more data transmissions is associated with a timestamp.
- the movement of the satellite access node indicates that the satellite access node moves away from the mobility network node in the core network.
- the method further comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, one or more third messages to the mobility network node to release or suspend a connection with the core network; and receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more fourth messages from the mobility network node in the core network.
- FIG. 6A is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the method 600 includes, at operation 610, determining, by a mobility network node in a core network, that one or more satellite access nodes satisfy a connection condition.
- the method 600 includes, at operation 620, initiating, by the mobility network node, a connection with at least one of the one or more satellite access nodes.
- the method includes transmitting, by the mobility network node, one or more paging messages to a satellite access node.
- the initiating comprises transmitting, to a satellite access node, information about one or more data transmissions corresponding to one or more terminal devices.
- FIG. 6B is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the method 650 includes, at operation 660, receiving, by a satellite access node, a connection request initiated by a mobility network node in a core network upon a connection condition being satisfied.
- the method includes receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more paging message from the mobility network node. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the satellite access node, information about one or more data transmissions corresponding to one or more terminal devices. In some embodiments, the information comprises one or more identifiers corresponding to one or more terminal devices for the information. In some embodiments, each of the one or more data transmissions is associated with a timestamp included in the information.
- FIG. 7A is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the method 700 includes, at operation 710, receiving, by a satellite access node that has no connection with a core network, a request from a terminal device requesting a reestablishment of a connection.
- the method 700 also includes, at operation 720, transmitting, by the satellite access node, a response to the terminal device in response to the request.
- the response rejects the request due to having no connection with the core network.
- the method includes storing, by the satellite access node, information about the terminal device, and the response indicates that the reestablishment of the connection is completed.
- the method includes transmitting, by the satellite access node, a message to a mobility network node.
- the message comprises security information of one or more terminal devices or security information for protecting the information from the one or more terminal devices to mobility network node.
- the method also includes receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node, e.g., to indicate the validity of the security information received from satellite access node, to provide security information of the mobility network node, to provide security information for protecting the information from mobility network node to the one or more terminal devices, or to confirm the reestablishment of the connection.
- the transmitting is triggered upon the satellite access node moving into a range of the mobility network node.
- the message is common to multiple terminal devices or a group of terminal devices, and the security information corresponds to the terminal device. In some embodiments the message is specific to the terminal device.
- FIG. 7B is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the method 750 includes, at operation 760, receiving, by a mobility network node in a core network, a first message from a first satellite access node.
- the first message comprises security information of at least one terminal device for a reestablishment of a connection.
- the method 750 includes, at operation 770, initiating, by the mobility network node, a procedure with a second satellite access node for the reestablishment of the connection.
- the method includes transmitting, by the mobility network node to the first satellite access node, a response indicating a delayed delivery of the security information.
- a satellite access node is configured to receive assistance information about the core network, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: capability information regarding whether storing of connection request information is supported, or Quality of Service (QoS) information for data transmissions.
- QoS Quality of Service
- the mobility network node is configured to transmit a message to a satellite access node indicating a start or a termination of a traffic control.
- the message comprises at least one of: a suspend time period, or a next available time point for resuming traffic.
- This embodiment is related to a signaling procedure that is applicable to multiple UEs (e.g., a common logical S1/NG connection) for data transfer in S&F operation.
- the satellite When a satellite (e.g., Sat_1) moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, the satellite may have stored data from more than one UEs and needs to send all the data to the core network, such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) in a short time period. It is inefficient for the satellite to setup up UE-specific logical S1-connection for each UE. To increase the efficiency for data transfer, the satellite can trigger a S1/NG procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a common logical S1 connection that is applicable to multiple UEs between the base station and the core network.
- MME Mobility Management Entity
- AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
- the S1/NG procedure can be performed when one or more of the following condition (s) is fulfilled: (1) if the eNB/gNB can determine the existence of ground station, the S1/NG procedure can be performed; (2) if there is stored data/signaling of at least one UE. For example, in some cases, if there is no UE data, even the satellite fly over the area where there is ground station, the satellite skips setting up a feeder link with the ground station.
- FIG. 8 illustrates example S1 procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the S1 Setup procedure is to exchange application-level data needed for the base station (e.g., eNB or gNB) and the core network (e.g., MME or AMF) to correctly interoperate on the S1 interface.
- This procedure is the first S1AP procedure triggered after the TNL association has become operational.
- the procedure uses non-UE specific signaling.
- the eNB Configuration Update procedure is to update application level configuration data needed for the eNB and the MME to interoperate correctly on the S1 interface. This procedure does not affect existing UE-related contexts, if there is any.
- a new S1/NG setup/resume procedure that uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced.
- the new S1 resume procedure can be used to resume application level configuration data needed for the eNB and the MME to interoperate correctly on the S1 interface.
- the new NG resume procedure is to resume application level configuration data needed for the gNB and the AMF to interoperate correctly on the NG interface.
- the new S1/NG resume procedure can involve two messages exchange, e.g., S1/NG setup/resume request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG setup/resume response from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB. At least the following information can be included during the exchange of these two messages (taking eNB and MME as example) .
- Example logical related parameters for the S1 connection configuration include at least the following:
- the eNB can provide the relevant configuration information to the MME, which includes list of supported tracking areas (TAs) , etc.
- MME which includes list of supported tracking areas (TAs) , etc.
- the eNB can provide eNB identity or the logical S1-connection identity (e.g., the pair of MME S1AP ID and eNB S1AP ID) to help the MME to resume/retrieve the context of the eNB or the logical S1-connection.
- eNB identity e.g., the pair of MME S1AP ID and eNB S1AP ID
- a common radio access bearer e.g., E-RAB
- E-RAB E-RAB
- the request can include a common E-RAB identifier (ID) and/or E-RAB level Quality of Service (QoS) parameters.
- the eNB initiates the setup or resumption of the common E-RAB along with the S1/NG resume request message.
- the MME can provide the relevant configuration information to the eNB, e.g., Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID, etc.
- PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
- Example data related parameters for the S1 connection include at least the following:
- the eNB can provide indication about whether there is stored uplink (UL) UE data.
- the eNB can provide indication about the amount, or the expiration time, or the validity period of the stored UL UE data
- the eNB can provide indication about the amount of downlink (DL) UE data which the eNB can accommodate, e.g., the DL UE data storage quota.
- DL downlink
- the eNB can directly provide a list of the UL UE data, each entry corresponds to a specific UE. Besides data, each entry can include a UE identity, Tracking Area Code (TAC) , UE location, and/or the physical area of UE.
- TAC Tracking Area Code
- the MME can provide indication about whether it can accept the provision of UL UE data.
- the MME can provide indication about the amount of UL UE data which the MME can accommodate, e.g., the UL UE data reception quota.
- the MME can provide indication about the amount, or the expiration time, or the validity period of the stored DL UE data.
- the MME can directly provide a list of the DL UE data, each entry corresponds to a specific UE. Besides data, each entry may include UE identity, TAC, UE location, or the located physical area of UE.
- the new S1/NG resume procedure only resume the S1 connection without data exchange.
- a new S1 data delivery procedure can be introduced, e.g., involving S1/NG data delivery request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG data delivery response from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB that can accommodate UL/DL Non-Access Stratum (NAS) Packet Data Unit (PDU) .
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- UP User Plane
- it can be directly delivered via the common E-RAB after S1 connection resumption.
- the satellite can trigger S1/NG p1rocedure via non-UE specific signaling to reset/release or suspend the S1/NG connection/association between the base station and the core network.
- existing S1/NG procedures e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure
- eNB Configuration Update procedure e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure
- FIG. 10A illustrates an example S1 reset/release procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the new S1/NG reset/release procedure can involve two messages exchange, e.g., S1/NG reset/release request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG reset/release response/acknowledge from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB. At least the following information can be included during the exchange of these two messages:
- the eNB can request the MME to release all allocated resources on the logical S1-connection and the information related to the UE association (s) indicated explicitly or implicitly in the reset/release message. Meanwhile, the eNB itself can retain eNB identity but release the relevant configuration information for the logical S1-connection.
- FIG. 10B illustrates an example S1 suspend procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the new S1/NG suspend procedure can involve two signaling exchange: S1/NG suspend request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG suspend response signaling from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB.
- the eNB can request MME to suspend the context related to this eNB or the logical S1-connection, and release the information related to the UE association (s) indicated explicitly or implicitly in the suspend message. Meanwhile, the eNB itself needs to retain the eNB identity, the logical S1-connection identity, the relevant configuration information etc.
- the core network e.g., MME/AMF
- the core network can select this satellite (Sat_2) if it predicts that this satellite will fly over the certain area in the future (e.g., considering the characteristics of the satellite’s orbit around the earth) .
- the core network can skip this satellite and wait for next passing satellite. If the core network selects this satellite, the core network can send Paging message to Sat_2.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example paging procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the core network can trigger a S1/NG setup/resume procedure and/or radio bearer setup/resume procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a common logical connection and/or common radio bearer between the base station and the core network.
- S1/NG setup/resume procedure e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure, radio bearer setup/resume procedure
- the request message is sent by MME/AMF and response message is sent by eNB/gNB.
- the core network selects more than one base stations/satellites/cells to serve the UE. In those cases, the core network sends a paging message to these satellites/base stations/cells. Meanwhile, the core network also needs to trigger UE Information Transfer Procedure to send the UE information, such as QoS Parameters and/or UE Radio capability, to the base station (s) .
- UE Information Transfer Procedure to send the UE information, such as QoS Parameters and/or UE Radio capability, to the base station (s) .
- the UE identity is applied to each of the NAS PDU or the User plane data.
- Such UE identity can be appended to the NAS PDU or the User plane data, or added as an Information Element (IE) for each item in the list of the UL/DL UE data.
- IE Information Element
- timestamp information is applied to each of the UL/DL NAS PDU or the User plane data to help UE or core network to match the UL/DL data with the corresponding DL/UL data.
- the timestamp information can also facilitate the UE or the core network to determine whether the data is delayed or stale.
- such timestamp information can be added by UE for UL data.
- Such timestamp can be also added by base station when it receives the UL data from UE or forwards the UL data to the core network.
- such timestamp information can be added by the core network when it sends the DL data to base station.
- Such timestamp also can be added by base station when it receives the DL data.
- This embodiment is related to a signaling procedure that is applicable to a group of UEs that shares similar service characteristics for data transfer in S&F operation.
- Several group-based logical S1-connections can be setup/resumed, each corresponding to a UE group or a service group which can be used to deliver the data of a group of UEs or the data have similar service characteristics.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an example group-based resume procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- Example logical related parameters for the S1/NG connection configuration include at least the following:
- the eNB can provide a group identity which can be explicitly included in the S1/NG setup/resume request message or implicitly incorporated in the logical S1-connection identity (e.g., the pair of MME S1AP ID and eNB S1AP ID) .
- group-based radio bearers can be also setup/resumed. Each of them can correspond to one group-based logical S1-connection.
- the existing radio bearer setup procedure can be leveraged, with some enhancements.
- the group identity can be indicated in the E-RAB setup request message, and E-RAB setup request message is trigger by MME upon completion of S1/NG setup/resume procedure.
- a new radio bearer setup/resume procedure triggered by the base station, can also be introduced.
- the new procedure can involve two signaling exchange: radio bearer setup/resume request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and radio bearer setup/resume response signaling from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB.
- the radio bearer context/configuration corresponding to a radio bearer ID and/or group identity can be retained in the MME/AMF and eNB/gNB, so the resume request only needs to include a resume ID/radio bearer ID/group identity to help the core network to resume/retrieve the context/configuration of each group-based radio bearer.
- the new S1/NG setup/resume procedure and radio bearer setup/resume procedure have the following benefits.
- a satellite can resume the context/configuration of group-based S1/NG connections and/or group-based radio bearers set up by other satellite (s) or itself, thereby reducing the signaling overhead and also the overhead about storing the context and configuration of group-based S1/NG connections and/or group-based radio bearers for different satellites.
- S1/NG setup/resume response message in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1, a group identity can also be included. Data transfer can be part of the new S1/NG resume procedure. Example data related parameters are the same as described in Embodiment 1.
- a new group-based S1/NG data delivery procedure can be introduced, e.g., involving S1/NG data delivery request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG data delivery response from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB which can accommodate UL/DL NAS PDU.
- S1/NG data delivery request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF
- S1/NG data delivery response from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB which can accommodate UL/DL NAS PDU.
- For User Plane data it can be directly delivered via the group-based radio bearer after S1/NG connection resumption.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example group-based data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the satellite can trigger S1/NG procedure via non-UE specific signaling to reset/release or suspend the S1/NG connection/association between the base station and the core network.
- the existing S1/NG procedures (e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure) can be leveraged, with some enhancements.
- the following information can be included in the signaling procedure, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1: eNB may provide a group identity which can be explicitly included in the eNB Configuration Update request message or implicitly incorporated in the group-based S1-connection identity.
- a new group-based S1/NG reset/release procedure which uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced.
- the following information can be included in the exchange of the messages, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1:
- the eNB can provide a group identity that is explicitly included in the S1/NG reset/release request message or implicitly incorporated in the group-based S1-connection identity.
- the reset/release of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via several S1/NG reset/release procedures, e.g., as shown in FIG. 14A.
- the group identity is needed in the messages, and the reset/release of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via only one S1/NG reset/release procedure that indicates a list of group identity, e.g., as shown in FIG. 14B.
- only one S1/NG reset/release response/acknowledge with group identity 1 ⁇ n corresponds to several S1/NG reset/release request messages with respective group identity can be provided, e.g., as shown in FIG. 14C.
- a new group-based S1/NG suspend procedure that uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced.
- the following information can be included in the exchange of the messages, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1:
- the eNB can provide a group identity which can be explicitly included in the S1/NG suspend request message or implicitly incorporated in the group-based S1/NG connection identity.
- the suspend of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via several S1/NG suspend procedures, such as shown in FIG. 15A.
- the group identity is needed in the messages, and the suspend of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via only one S1/NG suspend procedure that indicates a list of group identity, e.g., as shown in FIG. 15B.
- only one S1/NG suspend response/acknowledge with group identity 1 ⁇ n corresponds to several S1/NG suspend request messages with respective group identity can be provided, e.g., as shown in FIG. 15C.
- the MME/AMF triggers a group-based S1/NG setup/resume procedure and/or group-based radio bearer setup/resume procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a group-based logical S1/NG connection between the base station in Sat_2 and the core network, and/or a group-based radio bearer if MME/AMF have DL UE data for a UE.
- the above-mentioned group-based S1/NG setup/resume procedure (e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure and/or radio bearer setup/resume procedure) can be leveraged.
- the request message is sent by MME/AMF and response message is sent by eNB/gNB.
- the UE identity needs to be applied to each of the NAS PDU or the User plane data.
- Such UE identity can be appended to the NAS PDU or the User plane data, or added as an IE for each item in the list of the UL/DL UE data.
- timestamp information is also applied to each of the UL/DL NAS PDU or the User plane data.
- This embodiment is related to a signaling procedure that is UE specific for data transfer in S&F operation.
- the eNB/gNB needs to store the UE context and UL data it received from the UE the last time it connected to the UE, especially the necessary information in INITIAL UE MESSAGE, e.g., eNB UE S1AP ID, NAS-PDU, TAI/LTE NTN TAI Information, E-UTRAN CGI, S-TMSI, GUMMEI, CE-mode-B Support Indicator, Coverage Level.
- a new UE-specific S1/NG setup/resume procedure that uses UE associated signaling can be introduced. This procedure can be triggered when there exists a ground station or data (e.g., conditions described in Embodiment 1) .
- FIG. 16A illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the eNB invokes the NAS Transport procedure and send the INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the MME including the NAS message as a NAS-PDU IE.
- 16A enables the MME to complete the establishment of the UE-specific logical S1-connection, and/or trigger the eNB to obtain and report UE Radio Capability.
- the procedure uses UE-specific signaling. If the UE-specific logical S1-connection is not established, the MME allocates a unique MME UE S1AP ID to be used for the UE and include that in the Connection Establishment Indication message.
- the MME If the MME only needs to send a NAS message transparently via the eNB to the UE and a UE-specific logical S1-connection exists for the UE, or if the MME has received the eNB UE S1AP ID IE in an INITIAL UE MESSAGE, the MME sends a DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT message to the eNB including the NAS message as a NAS-PDU IE. If the UE-specific logical S1-connection is not established, the MME allocates a unique MME UE S1AP ID to be used for the UE and include that in the DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT message. By receiving the MME UE S1AP ID IE in the DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT, the eNB establishes the UE-specific logical S1-connection.
- FIG. 16B illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the MME can trigger the Initial Context Setup procedure to establish the initial UE Context including E-RAB context, the Security Key, Handover Restriction List, UE Radio capability and UE Security Capabilities etc.
- the procedure uses UE-specific signaling.
- FIG. 17A illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific ERB setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the E-RAB Setup procedure assigns resources on Uu and S1 for one or several E-RABs and sets up corresponding Data Radio Bearers for a given UE.
- the procedure uses UE-specific signaling.
- FIG. 17B illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG resume in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the UE Context Resume procedure indicates to the MME that the UE has resumed the suspended RRC connection or accesses for early data transmission and to request the MME to resume the UE context, UE-specific logical S1-connection and the related bearer contexts in the EPC.
- FIG. 18 illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific UE context release in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the UE Context Release Request procedure (base station initiated) is to enable the eNB to request the MME to release the UE-specific logical S1-connection due to E-UTRAN generated reasons, e.g., “TX2RELOCOverall Expiry” .
- the procedure uses UE-specific signaling.
- the UE Context Release procedure should be initiated upon reception of a UE CONTEXT RELEASE REQUEST message.
- the purpose of the UE Context Release procedure (MME initiated) is to enable the MME to order the release of the UE-associated logical connection due to various reasons, e.g., completion of a transaction between the UE and the EPC.
- the procedure uses UE-specific S1 connection.
- FIG. 19 illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific UE context suspend in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the UE Context Suspend procedure is to suspend the UE context, the UE-associated logical S1-connection and the related bearer contexts in the E-UTRAN and the EPC
- the MME/AMF can trigger a group-based S1/NG setup/resume procedure and/or group-based E-RAB setup/resume procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a group-based logical S1 connection/association between the base station and the core network, and/or group-based E-RAB if MME/AMF have DL UE data for UE (s) .
- Modifications to the existing messages can be that the request message (e.g., a message similar as Initial UE Message or message similar as UE context resume request) is sent by MME/AMF and response message (a message similar as Connection Establishment Indication or message similar as UE context resume response) is sent by eNB/gNB.
- requests message e.g., a message similar as Initial UE Message or message similar as UE context resume request
- response message a message similar as Connection Establishment Indication or message similar as UE context resume response
- timestamp information can be applied to each of the UL/DL NAS PDU or the User plane data.
- This embodiment is related to reestablishment procedures.
- the UE can trigger a RRC connection reestablishment procedure to the base station in Sat_1.
- the RRC reestablishment procedure is very similar as RRC connection resume procedure, so in the case of discontinuous gateway deployment and non-concurrent operation of both service and feeder link (e.g., S&F scenario) , the example procedures described in Embodiment1 ⁇ Embodiment3 can be used.
- the RRC connection reestablishment is different from the legacy RRC connection setup procedure.
- the additional requirement of RRC connection reestablishment procedure is that the core network needs to authenticate the UE’s re-establishment request, especially the NAS-level security information (e.g., UL CP Security Information) .
- Handling of RRC connection reestablishment procedure for CP solution in S&F scenario needs to account for authentication and security information transfers.
- FIG. 20 illustrates an example procedure for RRC connection reestablishment for CP solution in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- eNB in Sat_1 receives the RRC connection reestablishment request message, there may not exist any feeder link to the MME in gateway.
- the eNB cannot trigger the eNB CP Relocation Indication procedure including NAS-level security information received from the UE. Instead, the eNB can perform as one of the following schemes:
- Scheme-1_1 The eNB can reject the RRC connection reestablishment request.
- the eNB can store the UE information, e.g., especially UE identity (e.g., S-TMSI) and UL CP Security Information.
- the eNB1 does not trigger the procedure to core network but directly responds to the RRC connection reestablishment message to the UE, making the UE to assume that the RRC connection reestablishment procedure is complete and that the UE can send UL data to eNB. If UE indicates there is no more UL data or eNB1 is aware that it is located close to the cover edge, eNB can release the current RRC connection.
- Scheme-1_2 when eNB in Sat_1 moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, eNB can trigger an eNB CP Relocation Indication procedure to deliver the NAS-level security information and also the UL data received from the UE to MME.
- a common eNB CP Relocation Indication message for multiple UEs a group-based eNB CP Relocation Indication message for one or more groups of UEs, or a UE-specific eNB CP Relocation Indication for each UE can be introduced/used.
- the above mentioned eNB CP Relocation Indication-like messages can be extended to include NAS PDU of UE (s) .
- FIG. 21 illustrates an example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the MME authenticates the NAS-level security information in CP RELOCATION INDICATION (2103) , it can also authenticate the received UL data and deliver it to the core network.
- MME can send the Connection Establishment Indication message to the eNB1 (2105) , including NAS-level security information, e.g., DL CP Security Information, to be sent to the UE.
- MME can get the DL data from core network
- MME can also include the DL data in Connection Establishment Indication-like message. Afterwards, the MME and eNB1 can release the allocated S1 resources.
- the above-mentioned Connection Establishment Indication-like message can be extended to include NAS PDU of UE (s) .
- the eNB1 when Scheme 1_2 is used and when eNB1 in Sat_1 moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, the eNB1 triggers an eNB CP Relocation Indication procedure to deliver the NAS-level security information and also the UL data to MME. Even after the MME authenticates the NAS-level security information, the MME may decide not to send Connection Establishment Indication message to the eNB1. For example, MME may decide to use another eNB, e.g., eNB2 in Sat_2, to provide NAS-level security information, e.g., DL CP Security Information and also the potential DL data to UE.
- eNB2 e.g., eNB2 in Sat_2
- NAS-level security information e.g., DL CP Security Information
- FIG. 22 illustrates another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the MME can send the Connection Establishment Indication message without containing security information.
- an indication can be introduced to indicate successful NAS-level security authentication, but the lack of DL security information indicates that DL CP Security Information delivery is delayed or to another eNB.
- the eNB1 and the MME can locally release the S1 connection.
- the MME can send the Connection Establishment Indication message without containing security information and with the indication of failed NAS-level security authentication.
- the eNB1 and the MME locally release the S1 connection.
- the eNB1 can be determine the RRC Re-establishment is failed.
- FIG. 23 illustrates yet another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the eNB1 in Sat_1 moves back to the location area of the UE, the eNB1 can send a Paging message to the UE and set up connection with the UE.
- the eNB1 further indicates that the previous NAS PDU is failed. According to such information, UE can decide whether to re-transmit the previous NAS PDU.
- This embodiment is related to assistance information exchange between the core network and the satellites.
- the base station can acquire assistance information about core network via Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) or via the S1/NG messages (e.g., S1 setup response, S1 resume response, Connection Establishment Indication, eNB Configuration Update Acknowledge, MME Configuration Update) from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB during the procedures described in Embodiment1 ⁇ Embodiment4.
- the assistance information includes at least the following parameters:
- Para-1 whether the "store and forward" operation is supported, or applied, or used
- Para-2 whether the acknowledgement of the UL UE data and/or DL UE data is to be sent to current satellite/base station/cell.
- Para-3 if the indication for Para-2 is “No” , the information about the next available satellite/base station/cell that the UE can expect to receive the acknowledgement of the UL UE data and/or DL UE data from. Such information about the next available satellite/base station/cell can be the next available satellite ID/base station ID/cell ID or a list of these IDs.
- Para-4 the next available time (or response time) when UE can setup/resume the S1/NG connection with the core network again.
- the next available time can be a time point.
- the next available time can be related to the next available satellite/base station/cell (e.g., their IDs) .
- the base station can indicate the following QoS information about forwarding the UL signaling/data to core network:
- the core network can indicate the following QoS information about forwarding the DL signaling/data to base station:
- This embodiment is related to feeder link overload control.
- FIG. 24 illustrates an example flow control procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
- the Overload Start procedure is to inform an eNB to reduce the signaling load towards the concerned MME, and the Overload Stop procedure is to signal to an eNB the MME is connected to that the overload situation at the MME has ended and normal operation shall resume.
- An example IE structure of the flow control start message is shown below:
- This message is sent by the MME and is used to indicate to the eNB that the MME is overloaded.
- a new MME/AMF S1/NG flow control procedure can be introduced.
- the procedure can include two messages; both of them are sent from core network to base station in the satellite, e.g., MME S1 flow control start or AMF NG flow control start message from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB and, MME S1 flow control stop or AMF NG flow control stop also from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB.
- the MME S1 flow control start (or AMF NG flow control start) message can include information of suspend time period, e.g., Duration_1, or next available time point, e.g., TP_1.
- the eNB/gNB Upon reception this message, the eNB/gNB need to suspend the current S1/NG signaling exchange, e.g., to stop sending next signaling when the last signaling exchange finish and wait for Duration_1 or wait till TP_1.
- Duration_1 expires, or TP_1 arrives, or receiving MME S1 flow control stop (AMF NG flow control stop) eNB/gNB can resume the S1/NG signaling exchange.
- a new eNB/gNB S1/NG flow control procedure can be introduced. Two messages are involved in this procedure and both of them are sent from base station in the satellite to core network, e.g., eNB S1 flow control start or gNB NG flow control start message from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and, eNB S1 flow control stop or gNB NG flow control stop also from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF.
- the eNB S1 flow control start (or gNB NG flow control start) message can include an information of suspend time period, e.g., Duration_2, or next available time point, e.g., TP_2.
- the MME/AMF Upon reception this message, the MME/AMF need to suspend the current S1/NG signaling exchange, e.g., to stop sending next signaling when the last signaling exchange finish and wait for Duration_2 or wait till TP_2.
- Duration_2 expires, or TP_1 arrives, or receiving eNB S1 flow control stop (gNB NG flow control stop) MME/AMF can resume the S1/NG signaling exchange.
- FIG. 25 shows an example of a wireless communication system 2500 where techniques in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied.
- a wireless communication system 2500 can include one or more base stations (BSs) 2505a, 2505b, one or more wireless devices (or UEs) 2510a, 2510b, 2510c, 2510d, and a core network 2525.
- a base station 2505a, 2505b can provide wireless service to user devices 2510a, 2510b, 2510c and 2510d in one or more wireless sectors.
- a base station 2505a, 2505b includes directional antennas to produce two or more directional beams to provide wireless coverage in different sectors.
- the core network 2525 can communicate with one or more base stations 2505a, 2505b.
- the core network 2525 provides connectivity with other wireless communication systems and wired communication systems.
- the core network may include one or more service subscription databases to store information related to the subscribed user devices 2510a, 2510b, 2510c, and 2510d.
- a first base station 2505a can provide wireless service based on a first radio access technology
- a second base station 2505b can provide wireless service based on a second radio access technology.
- the base stations 2505a and 2505b may be co-located or may be separately installed in the field according to the deployment scenario.
- the user devices 2510a, 2510b, 2510c, and 2510d can support multiple different radio access technologies.
- the techniques and embodiments described in the present document may be implemented by the base stations of wireless devices described in the present document.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram representation of a portion of a radio station in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied.
- a radio station 2605 such as a network node, a base station, or a wireless device (or a user device, UE) can include processor electronics 2610 such as a microprocessor that implements one or more of the wireless techniques presented in this document.
- the radio station 2605 can include transceiver electronics 2615 to send and/or receive wireless signals over one or more communication interfaces such as antenna 2620.
- the radio station 2605 can include other communication interfaces for transmitting and receiving data.
- Radio station 2605 can include one or more memories (not explicitly shown) configured to store information such as data and/or instructions.
- the processor electronics 2610 can include at least a portion of the transceiver electronics 2615. In some embodiments, at least some of the disclosed techniques, modules or functions are implemented using the radio station 2605. In some embodiments, the radio station 2605 may be configured to perform the methods described herein.
- the disclosed and other embodiments, modules and the functional operations described in this document can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this document and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them.
- the disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.
- the computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them.
- data processing apparatus encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers.
- the apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them.
- a propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.
- a computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.
- a computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system.
- a program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document) , in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code) .
- a computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.
- the processes and logic flows described in this document can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output.
- the processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) .
- processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer.
- a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random-access memory or both.
- the essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data.
- a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks.
- mass storage devices for storing data
- a computer need not have such devices.
- Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
- the processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.
- operation of the satellite-based wireless communications as disclosed herein causes a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional methods.
- the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the overall share of carbon emissions from information and communication technologies (ICT) accounts for approximately 4%of the total amount of CO2 emitted around world.
- ICT information and communication technologies
- conventional networks can sometimes exacerbate the causes of climate change. For example, at an average of approximately 485g of CO2 per KWh of electricity that is produced worldwide, it results in a rough estimate of 145.5 million metric tons of CO2.
- the implementations disclosed herein for operating the satellite-based wireless communications can reduce signaling overhead for satellite-based wireless communications using regenerative payload and mitigate climate change by reducing and/or preventing additional greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.
- the use of the common signaling that is applicable to multiple UEs can help avoid conventional signaling procedures as described herein, particularly when transparent payload is used, and reduces electrical power consumption and the amount of data transported and stored compared to traditional methods.
- the disclosed systems provide increased efficiency compared to traditional methods.
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Abstract
Methods, apparatus, and systems that relate to user data transmission with regenerative payload in satellite communications. In one example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes initiating, by a satellite access node upon a trigger condition, a connection procedure with a mobility network node in a core network. The trigger condition is related to a movement of the satellite access node with respect to the mobility network node.
Description
This patent document is directed to digital communications.
Mobile communication technologies are moving the world toward an increasingly connected and networked society. The rapid growth of mobile communications and advances in technology have led to greater demand for capacity and connectivity. Other aspects, such as energy consumption, device cost, spectral efficiency, and latency are also important to meeting the needs of various communication scenarios. Various techniques, including new ways to provide higher quality of service, longer battery life, and improved performance are being discussed.
This patent document describes, among other things, techniques related to user data transmission with regenerative payload in satellite communications.
In one example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes initiating, by a satellite access node upon a trigger condition, a connection procedure with a mobility network node in a core network. The trigger condition is related to a movement of the satellite access node with respect to the mobility network node.
In another example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes determining, by a mobility network node in a core network, that one or more satellite access nodes satisfy a connection condition, and initiating, by the mobility network node, a connection with at least one of the one or more satellite access nodes.
In another example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes receiving, by a satellite access node, a connection request initiated by a mobility network node in a core network upon a connection condition being satisfied.
In another example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes receiving, by a satellite access node that has no connection with a core network, a request from a terminal
device requesting a reestablishment of a connection; and transmitting, by the satellite access node, a response to the terminal device in response to the request.
In yet another example aspect, a method for wireless communication includes receiving, by a mobility network node in a core network, a first message from a first satellite access node. The first message comprises security information of at least one terminal device for a reestablishment of a connection. The method also includes initiating, by the mobility network node, a procedure with a second satellite access node for the reestablishment of the connection.
In another example aspect, a communication apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a processor that is configured to implement an above-described method.
In yet another example aspect, a computer-program storage medium is disclosed. The computer-program storage medium includes code stored thereon. The code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement a described method.
These, and other, aspects are described in the present document.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario of a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) providing access to user equipment (UE) .
FIG. 2 illustrates an example configuration of an NTN in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a transparent payload.
FIG. 3B illustrates an example of a regenerative payload.
FIG. 3C illustrates an example of a regenerative payload in which two satellites communication over an Xn interface.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of two-step signaling in Store and Forward operation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 6A is a flowchart representation of another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 6B is a flowchart representation of another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 7A is a flowchart representation of another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 7B is a flowchart representation of yet another method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 8 illustrates example S1 procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 9 illustrates an example data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 10A illustrates an example S1 reset/release procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 10B illustrates an example S1 suspend procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 11 illustrates an example paging procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 12 illustrates an example group-based resume procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 13 illustrates an example group-based data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 14A illustrates an example of using several S1/NG reset/release procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 14B illustrates an example of using one S1/NG reset/release procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 14C illustrates an example of using one S1/NG reset/release response in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 15A illustrates an example of using several S1/NG suspend procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 15B illustrates an example of using one S1/NG suspend procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 15C illustrates an example of using one S1/NG suspend response in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 16A illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in
accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 16B illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 17A illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific radio bearer setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 17B illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG resume in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 18 illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific UE context release in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 19 illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific UE context suspend in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 20 illustrates an example procedure for Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection reestablishment for CP solution in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 21 illustrates an example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 22 illustrates another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 23 illustrates yet another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 24 illustrates an example flow control procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
FIG. 25 shows an example of a wireless communication system where techniques in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied.
FIG. 26 is a block diagram representation of a portion of a radio station in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied.
Section headings are used in the present document only to improve readability and do not limit scope of the disclosed embodiments and techniques in each section to only that section. Furthermore, some embodiments are described with reference to Third Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) or Sixth Generation (6G) standard for ease of understanding and the described technology may be implemented in different wireless system that implement protocols other than the NR or 6G protocol.
Satellite-based Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) are important to provide connectivity with global coverage, including rural and offshore areas. FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario of an NTN providing access to user equipment (UE) . The satellite can be placed into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) , or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) . Geostationary Earth orbit is the circular orbit at 35, 786 km above the Earth's equator and following the direction of the Earth's rotation. An GEO satellite in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to the Earth's rotational period and thus appears motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to ground observers. The typical beam footprint size of GEO is 200 –3500 km. Low Earth Orbit is the orbit around the Earth with an altitude between 300 km, and 1500 km. An LEO satellite in such an orbit encircles around the earth with the speed of 7.56 km per second. The typical beam footprint size of LEO is 100 –1000 km.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example configuration of an NTN in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The NTN Gateway 201 is an earth station or gateway which is located at the surface of Earth and provides sufficient RF power and RF sensitivity for accessing to the satellite. The NTN Gateway 201 is a transport network layer (TNL) node. The feeder link 203 is the wireless link between NTN Gateway and satellite. The service link 205 is the radio link between satellite and UE.
The satellite typically generates several beams over a given service area bounded by its field of view. The footprints of the beams are typically of elliptic shape. A satellite can implement either a transparent or a regenerative payload. FIG. 3A illustrates an example of a transparent payload. A transparent payload involves radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification. Hence, the waveform signal repeated by the payload is un-changed.
FIG. 3B illustrates an example of a regenerative payload. A regenerative payload involves radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification as well as demodulation and/or decoding, switch and/or routing, coding/modulation. This is effectively equivalent to having all or part of base station functions (e.g., gNB) on board the satellite. FIG. 3C illustrates an example of a regenerative payload in which two satellites communication over an Xn interface.
The key drawback of transparent payloads is their inherent requirement of the link between satellite and ground stations (feeder link) being available. In areas where it is not feasible to deploy a ground station, e.g., in remote or offshore locations, transparent payload systems cannot provide service. Consequently, a LEO constellation, with discontinuous availability of the feeder link, requires a regenerative payload to function under discontinuous backhauling in order to be able to provide global coverage. Additionally, reducing the need for ground stations directly impacts the cost of operations. One of the services that can benefit from enabling regenerative LEO architectures with discontinuous connectivity is massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) for Internet of Things (IoT) , where non-real-time services can tolerate the additional delay introduced by a discontinuous backhaul.
Legacy IoT NTN system can benefit from architectures based on the use of regenerative payloads in the satellite and support for Store and Forward (S&F) operation where satellite access can remain operational even at times when the satellite is not connected to a ground station. In particular, such an approach allows for extending satellite service coverage in areas where satellites cannot be connected to ground stations (e.g., maritime or very remote areas with lack of ground-stations infrastructures) , improving ground segment affordability by enabling operation with fewer ground-stations and allowing more robust operation of the satellite under intermittent/discontinuous feeder link operation.
Under “S&F Satellite operation” mode, the end-to-end exchange of signaling/data traffic is generally handled as a combination of two steps that are not concurrent in time. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of two-step signaling in S&F operation in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. In Step A (401) , signaling/data exchange between the UE and the satellite 411 takes place, without the satellite being simultaneously connected to the ground network (e.g., the satellite is able to operate the service link without an active feeder link connection) . In Step B (403) , connectivity between the satellite and the ground network is established so that communication between the satellite and the ground network can take place. The satellite 411 moves from being connected to the UE in step A to being connected to the ground network in step B.
This patent discloses various techniques that can be implemented in embodiments to facilitate secure and smooth transfer of user data in different S&F operation scenarios when regenerative payload is used. FIG. 5 is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless
communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The method 500 includes, at operation 510, initiating, by a satellite access node upon a trigger condition, a connection procedure with a mobility network node in a core network. The trigger condition is related to a movement of the satellite access node with respect to the mobility network node. In some embodiments, the trigger condition comprises receiving, by the satellite access node, at least one data transmission from a terminal device. In some embodiments, the trigger condition comprises detecting that the mobility network node is within a range of communication.
In some embodiments, the movement of the satellite access node indicates that the satellite access node moves towards the mobility network node in the core network. The method further comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, one or more first messages to the mobility network node to establish or resume a connection with the core network, and receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more second messages from the mobility network node in the core network. The one or more first messages indicate presence or absence of one or more data transmissions received by the satellite access node from one or more terminal devices.
In some embodiments, the one or more second messages indicate capability information of the mobility network node for receiving the one or more data transmissions. In some embodiments, the one or more first messages comprise a single first message applicable to the one or more terminal devices. In some embodiments, the single first message comprises one or more identifiers of the one or more terminal devices, each identifier corresponding to at least one of the one or more data transmissions.
In some embodiments, the method includes establishing one or more data radio bearers to transfer the one or more data transmissions to the mobility network node. The establishing optionally comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, a request to the mobility network node to initiate a transfer of the one or more data transmissions, and receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node acknowledging the request.
In some embodiments, each of the one or more first messages corresponds to a terminal device group and comprises a group identifier for a subset of the one or more terminal devices. In some embodiments, each of the one or more second messages corresponds to a terminal device group. In some embodiments, the method includes, for each terminal device
group, establishing one or more data radio bearers to transfer the one or more data transmissions to the mobility network node. The establishing optionally comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, a request to the mobility network node to initiate a transfer of the one or more data transmissions, and receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node acknowledging the request.
In some embodiments, each of the one or more first messages corresponding to a respective terminal device, and each of the one or more second messages corresponding to a respective terminal device.
In some embodiments, each of the one or more data transmissions is associated with a timestamp.
In some embodiments, the movement of the satellite access node indicates that the satellite access node moves away from the mobility network node in the core network. The method further comprises transmitting, by the satellite access node, one or more third messages to the mobility network node to release or suspend a connection with the core network; and receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more fourth messages from the mobility network node in the core network.
FIG. 6A is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The method 600 includes, at operation 610, determining, by a mobility network node in a core network, that one or more satellite access nodes satisfy a connection condition. The method 600 includes, at operation 620, initiating, by the mobility network node, a connection with at least one of the one or more satellite access nodes.
In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting, by the mobility network node, one or more paging messages to a satellite access node. In some embodiments, the initiating comprises transmitting, to a satellite access node, information about one or more data transmissions corresponding to one or more terminal devices.
FIG. 6B is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The method 650 includes, at operation 660, receiving, by a satellite access node, a connection request initiated by a mobility network node in a core network upon a connection condition being satisfied.
In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the satellite access node,
one or more paging message from the mobility network node. In some embodiments, the method includes receiving, by the satellite access node, information about one or more data transmissions corresponding to one or more terminal devices. In some embodiments, the information comprises one or more identifiers corresponding to one or more terminal devices for the information. In some embodiments, each of the one or more data transmissions is associated with a timestamp included in the information.
FIG. 7A is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The method 700 includes, at operation 710, receiving, by a satellite access node that has no connection with a core network, a request from a terminal device requesting a reestablishment of a connection. The method 700 also includes, at operation 720, transmitting, by the satellite access node, a response to the terminal device in response to the request.
In some embodiments, the response rejects the request due to having no connection with the core network. In some embodiments, the method includes storing, by the satellite access node, information about the terminal device, and the response indicates that the reestablishment of the connection is completed.
In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting, by the satellite access node, a message to a mobility network node. The message comprises security information of one or more terminal devices or security information for protecting the information from the one or more terminal devices to mobility network node. The method also includes receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node, e.g., to indicate the validity of the security information received from satellite access node, to provide security information of the mobility network node, to provide security information for protecting the information from mobility network node to the one or more terminal devices, or to confirm the reestablishment of the connection.
In some embodiments, the transmitting is triggered upon the satellite access node moving into a range of the mobility network node. In some embodiments the message is common to multiple terminal devices or a group of terminal devices, and the security information corresponds to the terminal device. In some embodiments the message is specific to the terminal device.
FIG. 7B is a flowchart representation of a method for wireless communication in
accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The method 750 includes, at operation 760, receiving, by a mobility network node in a core network, a first message from a first satellite access node. The first message comprises security information of at least one terminal device for a reestablishment of a connection. The method 750 includes, at operation 770, initiating, by the mobility network node, a procedure with a second satellite access node for the reestablishment of the connection.
In some embodiments, the method includes transmitting, by the mobility network node to the first satellite access node, a response indicating a delayed delivery of the security information., wherein a satellite access node is configured to receive assistance information about the core network, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: capability information regarding whether storing of connection request information is supported, or Quality of Service (QoS) information for data transmissions.
In some embodiments, the mobility network node is configured to transmit a message to a satellite access node indicating a start or a termination of a traffic control. In some embodiments, the message comprises at least one of: a suspend time period, or a next available time point for resuming traffic.
Details regarding the above techniques are further discussed in the embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
This embodiment is related to a signaling procedure that is applicable to multiple UEs (e.g., a common logical S1/NG connection) for data transfer in S&F operation.
When a satellite (e.g., Sat_1) moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, the satellite may have stored data from more than one UEs and needs to send all the data to the core network, such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) in a short time period. It is inefficient for the satellite to setup up UE-specific logical S1-connection for each UE. To increase the efficiency for data transfer, the satellite can trigger a S1/NG procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a common logical S1 connection that is applicable to multiple UEs between the base station and the core network.
The S1/NG procedure can be performed when one or more of the following condition (s) is fulfilled: (1) if the eNB/gNB can determine the existence of ground station, the
S1/NG procedure can be performed; (2) if there is stored data/signaling of at least one UE. For example, in some cases, if there is no UE data, even the satellite fly over the area where there is ground station, the satellite skips setting up a feeder link with the ground station.
In some embodiments, existing S1 signaling procedures can be leveraged. FIG. 8 illustrates example S1 procedures in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. In FIG. 8, the S1 Setup procedure is to exchange application-level data needed for the base station (e.g., eNB or gNB) and the core network (e.g., MME or AMF) to correctly interoperate on the S1 interface. This procedure is the first S1AP procedure triggered after the TNL association has become operational. The procedure uses non-UE specific signaling. The eNB Configuration Update procedure is to update application level configuration data needed for the eNB and the MME to interoperate correctly on the S1 interface. This procedure does not affect existing UE-related contexts, if there is any.
In some embodiments, a new S1/NG setup/resume procedure that uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced. The new S1 resume procedure can be used to resume application level configuration data needed for the eNB and the MME to interoperate correctly on the S1 interface. Similarly, the new NG resume procedure is to resume application level configuration data needed for the gNB and the AMF to interoperate correctly on the NG interface.
The new S1/NG resume procedure can involve two messages exchange, e.g., S1/NG setup/resume request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG setup/resume response from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB. At least the following information can be included during the exchange of these two messages (taking eNB and MME as example) .
Example logical related parameters for the S1 connection configuration include at least the following:
(1) Within S1/NG setup/resume request message:
– The eNB can provide the relevant configuration information to the MME, which includes list of supported tracking areas (TAs) , etc.
– The eNB can provide eNB identity or the logical S1-connection identity (e.g., the pair of MME S1AP ID and eNB S1AP ID) to help the MME to resume/retrieve the context of the eNB or the logical S1-connection.
- In case there is some User Plane (UP) data from the UE, a common radio access
bearer (e.g., E-RAB) can also be set up or resumed. Generally, the request can include a common E-RAB identifier (ID) and/or E-RAB level Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. Moreover, the eNB initiates the setup or resumption of the common E-RAB along with the S1/NG resume request message.
(2) Within S1/NG setup/resume response message:
The MME can provide the relevant configuration information to the eNB, e.g., Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID, etc.
Data transfer can be part of the new S1/NG resume procedure. Example data related parameters for the S1 connection include at least the following:
(1) Within S1/NG setup/resume request message:
– The eNB can provide indication about whether there is stored uplink (UL) UE data.
– The eNB can provide indication about the amount, or the expiration time, or the validity period of the stored UL UE data
– The eNB can provide indication about the amount of downlink (DL) UE data which the eNB can accommodate, e.g., the DL UE data storage quota.
– The eNB can directly provide a list of the UL UE data, each entry corresponds to a specific UE. Besides data, each entry can include a UE identity, Tracking Area Code (TAC) , UE location, and/or the physical area of UE.
(2) Within S1/NG setup/resume response message:
– The MME can provide indication about whether it can accept the provision of UL UE data.
– The MME can provide indication about the amount of UL UE data which the MME can accommodate, e.g., the UL UE data reception quota.
– The MME can provide indication about the amount, or the expiration time, or the validity period of the stored DL UE data.
– The MME can directly provide a list of the DL UE data, each entry corresponds to a specific UE. Besides data, each entry may include UE identity, TAC, UE location, or the located physical area of UE.
In some embodiments, the new S1/NG resume procedure only resume the S1 connection without data exchange. In those cases, a new S1 data delivery procedure can be introduced, e.g., involving S1/NG data delivery request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and
S1/NG data delivery response from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB that can accommodate UL/DL Non-Access Stratum (NAS) Packet Data Unit (PDU) . FIG. 9 illustrates an example data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. For User Plane (UP) data, it can be directly delivered via the common E-RAB after S1 connection resumption.
When the satellite moves out of the area where the satellite has connected the feeder link to the ground network, the satellite can trigger S1/NG p1rocedure via non-UE specific signaling to reset/release or suspend the S1/NG connection/association between the base station and the core network.
In some embodiments, existing S1/NG procedures (e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure) can be leveraged.
In some embodiments, new S1/NG reset/release procedure which uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced. FIG. 10A illustrates an example S1 reset/release procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The new S1/NG reset/release procedure can involve two messages exchange, e.g., S1/NG reset/release request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG reset/release response/acknowledge from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB. At least the following information can be included during the exchange of these two messages:
– The eNB can request the MME to release all allocated resources on the logical S1-connection and the information related to the UE association (s) indicated explicitly or implicitly in the reset/release message. Meanwhile, the eNB itself can retain eNB identity but release the relevant configuration information for the logical S1-connection.
In some embodiments, a new S1/NG suspend procedure that uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced. FIG. 10B illustrates an example S1 suspend procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The new S1/NG suspend procedure can involve two signaling exchange: S1/NG suspend request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG suspend response signaling from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB. The eNB can request MME to suspend the context related to this eNB or the logical S1-connection, and release the information related to the UE association (s) indicated explicitly or implicitly in the suspend message. Meanwhile, the eNB itself needs to retain the eNB identity, the logical S1-connection identity, the relevant configuration information etc.
When another satellite (e.g., Sat_2) moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, if the core network (e.g., MME/AMF) has received/stored DL UE data for one or more UEs, the core network can select this satellite (Sat_2) if it predicts that this satellite will fly over the certain area in the future (e.g., considering the characteristics of the satellite’s orbit around the earth) . Alternatively, the core network can skip this satellite and wait for next passing satellite. If the core network selects this satellite, the core network can send Paging message to Sat_2. Meanwhile, the core network also needs to trigger UE Information Transfer Procedure to send the UE information, such as QoS Parameters and/or UE radio capability to the satellite (s) to facilitate the triggering of paging via air interface. FIG. 11 illustrates an example paging procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
If the core network has received/stored DL UE data for one or more UEs, instead of sending paging to Sat_2, it can trigger a S1/NG setup/resume procedure and/or radio bearer setup/resume procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a common logical connection and/or common radio bearer between the base station and the core network. In all the above S1/NG setup/resume procedure (e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure, radio bearer setup/resume procedure) , the request message is sent by MME/AMF and response message is sent by eNB/gNB.
In some embodiments, the core network selects more than one base stations/satellites/cells to serve the UE. In those cases, the core network sends a paging message to these satellites/base stations/cells. Meanwhile, the core network also needs to trigger UE Information Transfer Procedure to send the UE information, such as QoS Parameters and/or UE Radio capability, to the base station (s) .
When the common logical S1/NG connection and/or common radio bearer are used to transmit the UL/DL user data (via NAS PDU or User plane data) , the UE identity is applied to each of the NAS PDU or the User plane data. Such UE identity can be appended to the NAS PDU or the User plane data, or added as an Information Element (IE) for each item in the list of the UL/DL UE data.
In some embodiments, timestamp information is applied to each of the UL/DL NAS PDU or the User plane data to help UE or core network to match the UL/DL data with the corresponding DL/UL data. The timestamp information can also facilitate the UE or the core
network to determine whether the data is delayed or stale. In some embodiments, such timestamp information can be added by UE for UL data. Such timestamp can be also added by base station when it receives the UL data from UE or forwards the UL data to the core network. In some embodiments, such timestamp information can be added by the core network when it sends the DL data to base station. Such timestamp also can be added by base station when it receives the DL data.
Embodiment 2
This embodiment is related to a signaling procedure that is applicable to a group of UEs that shares similar service characteristics for data transfer in S&F operation. Several group-based logical S1-connections can be setup/resumed, each corresponding to a UE group or a service group which can be used to deliver the data of a group of UEs or the data have similar service characteristics.
When a satellite (e.g., Sat_1) moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, a new group-based S1/NG setup/resume procedure that uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced. FIG. 12 illustrates an example group-based resume procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
Example logical related parameters for the S1/NG connection configuration include at least the following:
Within S1/NG setup/resume request message, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1:
– The eNB can provide a group identity which can be explicitly included in the S1/NG setup/resume request message or implicitly incorporated in the logical S1-connection identity (e.g., the pair of MME S1AP ID and eNB S1AP ID) .
- Correspondingly, several group-based radio bearers can be also setup/resumed. Each of them can correspond to one group-based logical S1-connection.
In some embodiments, the existing radio bearer setup procedure can be leveraged, with some enhancements. In some embodiments, the group identity can be indicated in the E-RAB setup request message, and E-RAB setup request message is trigger by MME upon completion of S1/NG setup/resume procedure.
In some embodiments, a new radio bearer setup/resume procedure, triggered by the base station, can also be introduced. The new procedure can involve two signaling exchange:
radio bearer setup/resume request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and radio bearer setup/resume response signaling from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB. In some embodiments, the radio bearer context/configuration corresponding to a radio bearer ID and/or group identity can be retained in the MME/AMF and eNB/gNB, so the resume request only needs to include a resume ID/radio bearer ID/group identity to help the core network to resume/retrieve the context/configuration of each group-based radio bearer.
The new S1/NG setup/resume procedure and radio bearer setup/resume procedure have the following benefits. When different satellites have similar grouping for group-based logical S1-connection and group-based radio bearers, with the new S1/NG setup/resume procedure and radio bearer setup/resume procedure, a satellite can resume the context/configuration of group-based S1/NG connections and/or group-based radio bearers set up by other satellite (s) or itself, thereby reducing the signaling overhead and also the overhead about storing the context and configuration of group-based S1/NG connections and/or group-based radio bearers for different satellites.
Within S1/NG setup/resume response message, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1, a group identity can also be included. Data transfer can be part of the new S1/NG resume procedure. Example data related parameters are the same as described in Embodiment 1.
In some embodiments, if the new S1/NG resume procedure only resume the group-based S1/NG connection without data exchange, a new group-based S1/NG data delivery procedure can be introduced, e.g., involving S1/NG data delivery request from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and S1/NG data delivery response from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB which can accommodate UL/DL NAS PDU. For User Plane data, it can be directly delivered via the group-based radio bearer after S1/NG connection resumption. FIG. 13 illustrates an example group-based data delivery procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology.
When the satellite moves out of the area where the satellite has connected the feeder link to the ground network, the satellite can trigger S1/NG procedure via non-UE specific signaling to reset/release or suspend the S1/NG connection/association between the base station and the core network.
In some embodiments, the existing S1/NG procedures (e.g., eNB Configuration
Update procedure) can be leveraged, with some enhancements. The following information can be included in the signaling procedure, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1: eNB may provide a group identity which can be explicitly included in the eNB Configuration Update request message or implicitly incorporated in the group-based S1-connection identity.
In some embodiments, a new group-based S1/NG reset/release procedure which uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced. The following information can be included in the exchange of the messages, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1:
– The eNB can provide a group identity that is explicitly included in the S1/NG reset/release request message or implicitly incorporated in the group-based S1-connection identity.
- Moreover, the reset/release of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via several S1/NG reset/release procedures, e.g., as shown in FIG. 14A. In some embodiments, only the group identity is needed in the messages, and the reset/release of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via only one S1/NG reset/release procedure that indicates a list of group identity, e.g., as shown in FIG. 14B. Alternatively, or in addition, only one S1/NG reset/release response/acknowledge with group identity 1~n corresponds to several S1/NG reset/release request messages with respective group identity can be provided, e.g., as shown in FIG. 14C.
In some embodiments, a new group-based S1/NG suspend procedure that uses non-UE specific signaling can be introduced. The following information can be included in the exchange of the messages, in addition to the information mentioned in Embodiment 1:
– The eNB can provide a group identity which can be explicitly included in the S1/NG suspend request message or implicitly incorporated in the group-based S1/NG connection identity.
- Moreover, the suspend of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via several S1/NG suspend procedures, such as shown in FIG. 15A. In some embodiments, only the group identity is needed in the messages, and the suspend of several S1/NG connections can be achieved via only one S1/NG suspend procedure that indicates a list of group identity, e.g., as shown in FIG. 15B. Alternatively, or in addition, only one S1/NG suspend response/acknowledge with group identity 1~n corresponds to several S1/NG suspend request messages with respective group identity can be provided, e.g., as shown in FIG. 15C.
When a satellite (e.g., Sat_2) moves into the area where the satellite can be connected
via the feeder link to the ground network, besides or as an alternative to the scenarios mentioned in the corresponding scenario in Embodiment1, the MME/AMF triggers a group-based S1/NG setup/resume procedure and/or group-based radio bearer setup/resume procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a group-based logical S1/NG connection between the base station in Sat_2 and the core network, and/or a group-based radio bearer if MME/AMF have DL UE data for a UE. The above-mentioned group-based S1/NG setup/resume procedure (e.g., eNB Configuration Update procedure and/or radio bearer setup/resume procedure) can be leveraged. The request message is sent by MME/AMF and response message is sent by eNB/gNB.
In some embodiments, when the group-based logical S1/NG connection and/or group-based radio bearer are used to transmit the UL/DL user data (NAS PDU or User plane data) , the UE identity needs to be applied to each of the NAS PDU or the User plane data. Such UE identity can be appended to the NAS PDU or the User plane data, or added as an IE for each item in the list of the UL/DL UE data. In some embodiments, timestamp information is also applied to each of the UL/DL NAS PDU or the User plane data.
Embodiment 3
This embodiment is related to a signaling procedure that is UE specific for data transfer in S&F operation.
When the satellite (e.g., Sat_1) moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, existing UE-specific S1/NG setup/resume procedure which uses UE associated signaling can be leveraged. That also means the eNB/gNB needs to store the UE context and UL data it received from the UE the last time it connected to the UE, especially the necessary information in INITIAL UE MESSAGE, e.g., eNB UE S1AP ID, NAS-PDU, TAI/LTE NTN TAI Information, E-UTRAN CGI, S-TMSI, GUMMEI, CE-mode-B Support Indicator, Coverage Level.
Currently there is a condition --when the base station has received from the radio interface the first UL NAS message transmitted via RRC message to be forwarded to an MME --for the base station to invoke the NAS Transport procedure and send the INITIAL UE MESSAGE. This condition indicates the coupling between RRC connection setup procedure and UE-specific logical S1-connection setup procedure. However, it is desirable to decouple the two for S&F operations. Based on the assumption that the eNB/gNB stores the UE context and UL data, the mentioned UE-specific S1/NG setup/resume procedure can be performed so long as
there exists a ground station or data.
In some embodiments, a new UE-specific S1/NG setup/resume procedure that uses UE associated signaling can be introduced. This procedure can be triggered when there exists a ground station or data (e.g., conditions described in Embodiment 1) . FIG. 16A illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. As shown in the initial UE message signaling flow, when the eNB has received from the radio interface the first UL NAS message transmitted via RRC message to be forwarded to an MME, the eNB invokes the NAS Transport procedure and send the INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the MME including the NAS message as a NAS-PDU IE. The Connection Establishment Indication procedure shown in FIG. 16A enables the MME to complete the establishment of the UE-specific logical S1-connection, and/or trigger the eNB to obtain and report UE Radio Capability. The procedure uses UE-specific signaling. If the UE-specific logical S1-connection is not established, the MME allocates a unique MME UE S1AP ID to be used for the UE and include that in the Connection Establishment Indication message. If the MME only needs to send a NAS message transparently via the eNB to the UE and a UE-specific logical S1-connection exists for the UE, or if the MME has received the eNB UE S1AP ID IE in an INITIAL UE MESSAGE, the MME sends a DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT message to the eNB including the NAS message as a NAS-PDU IE. If the UE-specific logical S1-connection is not established, the MME allocates a unique MME UE S1AP ID to be used for the UE and include that in the DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT message. By receiving the MME UE S1AP ID IE in the DOWNLINK NAS TRANSPORT, the eNB establishes the UE-specific logical S1-connection.
FIG. 16B illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. After reception of INITIAL UE MESSAGE, the MME can trigger the Initial Context Setup procedure to establish the initial UE Context including E-RAB context, the Security Key, Handover Restriction List, UE Radio capability and UE Security Capabilities etc. The procedure uses UE-specific signaling.
FIG. 17A illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific ERB setup in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The E-RAB Setup procedure assigns resources on Uu and S1 for one or several E-RABs and sets up corresponding Data Radio Bearers for a given UE. The procedure uses UE-specific signaling. FIG. 17B
illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific S1/NG resume in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The UE Context Resume procedure indicates to the MME that the UE has resumed the suspended RRC connection or accesses for early data transmission and to request the MME to resume the UE context, UE-specific logical S1-connection and the related bearer contexts in the EPC.
When the satellite (Sat_1) moves out of the area where the satellite has connected the feeder link to the ground network, the existing UE-specific S1/NG/UE context release/suspend procedure can be leveraged. A new Release/Resume Cause can be considered. FIG. 18 illustrate example control plane procedures for UE-specific UE context release in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The UE Context Release Request procedure (base station initiated) is to enable the eNB to request the MME to release the UE-specific logical S1-connection due to E-UTRAN generated reasons, e.g., “TX2RELOCOverall Expiry” . The procedure uses UE-specific signaling. The UE Context Release procedure should be initiated upon reception of a UE CONTEXT RELEASE REQUEST message. The purpose of the UE Context Release procedure (MME initiated) is to enable the MME to order the release of the UE-associated logical connection due to various reasons, e.g., completion of a transaction between the UE and the EPC. The procedure uses UE-specific S1 connection. FIG. 19 illustrate example user plane procedures for UE-specific UE context suspend in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The UE Context Suspend procedure is to suspend the UE context, the UE-associated logical S1-connection and the related bearer contexts in the E-UTRAN and the EPC
When a satellite (e.g., Sat_2) moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, in addition to the procedures and scenarios described in Embodiment1, the MME/AMF can trigger a group-based S1/NG setup/resume procedure and/or group-based E-RAB setup/resume procedure via non-UE specific signaling to setup or resume a group-based logical S1 connection/association between the base station and the core network, and/or group-based E-RAB if MME/AMF have DL UE data for UE (s) . Modifications to the existing messages can be that the request message (e.g., a message similar as Initial UE Message or message similar as UE context resume request) is sent by MME/AMF and response message (a message similar as Connection Establishment Indication or message similar as UE context resume response) is sent by eNB/gNB. In some embodiments, timestamp information
can be applied to each of the UL/DL NAS PDU or the User plane data.
Embodiment 4
This embodiment is related to reestablishment procedures.
When a satellite (e.g., Sat_1) covers the location area of a UE, in some scenarios (e.g., the RF quality fluctuates) , the UE can trigger a RRC connection reestablishment procedure to the base station in Sat_1. For the UE using UP solution (s) , the RRC reestablishment procedure is very similar as RRC connection resume procedure, so in the case of discontinuous gateway deployment and non-concurrent operation of both service and feeder link (e.g., S&F scenario) , the example procedures described in Embodiment1~ Embodiment3 can be used.
However, for the UE using CP solution (s) , the RRC connection reestablishment is different from the legacy RRC connection setup procedure. The additional requirement of RRC connection reestablishment procedure is that the core network needs to authenticate the UE’s re-establishment request, especially the NAS-level security information (e.g., UL CP Security Information) . Handling of RRC connection reestablishment procedure for CP solution in S&F scenario needs to account for authentication and security information transfers.
FIG. 20 illustrates an example procedure for RRC connection reestablishment for CP solution in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. From the air interface perspective, in S&F scenarios, when eNB in Sat_1 receives the RRC connection reestablishment request message, there may not exist any feeder link to the MME in gateway. The eNB cannot trigger the eNB CP Relocation Indication procedure including NAS-level security information received from the UE. Instead, the eNB can perform as one of the following schemes:
Scheme-1_1: The eNB can reject the RRC connection reestablishment request.
Scheme-1_2: The eNB can store the UE information, e.g., especially UE identity (e.g., S-TMSI) and UL CP Security Information. In some embodiments, the eNB1 does not trigger the procedure to core network but directly responds to the RRC connection reestablishment message to the UE, making the UE to assume that the RRC connection reestablishment procedure is complete and that the UE can send UL data to eNB. If UE indicates there is no more UL data or eNB1 is aware that it is located close to the cover edge, eNB can release the current RRC connection.
From the S1/NG interface perspective, if Scheme-1_2 is used, when eNB in Sat_1
moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, eNB can trigger an eNB CP Relocation Indication procedure to deliver the NAS-level security information and also the UL data received from the UE to MME.
Similar to the example procedures described in Embodiment1~ Embodiment3, a common eNB CP Relocation Indication message for multiple UEs, a group-based eNB CP Relocation Indication message for one or more groups of UEs, or a UE-specific eNB CP Relocation Indication for each UE can be introduced/used. The above mentioned eNB CP Relocation Indication-like messages can be extended to include NAS PDU of UE (s) .
FIG. 21 illustrates an example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. As shown in FIG. 21, if the MME authenticates the NAS-level security information in CP RELOCATION INDICATION (2103) , it can also authenticate the received UL data and deliver it to the core network. Moreover, MME can send the Connection Establishment Indication message to the eNB1 (2105) , including NAS-level security information, e.g., DL CP Security Information, to be sent to the UE. If MME can get the DL data from core network, MME can also include the DL data in Connection Establishment Indication-like message. Afterwards, the MME and eNB1 can release the allocated S1 resources. The above-mentioned Connection Establishment Indication-like message can be extended to include NAS PDU of UE (s) .
In some embodiments, when Scheme 1_2 is used and when eNB1 in Sat_1 moves into the area where the satellite can be connected via the feeder link to the ground network, the eNB1 triggers an eNB CP Relocation Indication procedure to deliver the NAS-level security information and also the UL data to MME. Even after the MME authenticates the NAS-level security information, the MME may decide not to send Connection Establishment Indication message to the eNB1. For example, MME may decide to use another eNB, e.g., eNB2 in Sat_2, to provide NAS-level security information, e.g., DL CP Security Information and also the potential DL data to UE.
FIG. 22 illustrates another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. As shown in FIG. 22, the MME can send the Connection Establishment Indication message without containing security information. In order to distinguish this case from the case that MME cannot authenticate the NAS-level security information, an indication can be introduced to indicate successful NAS-level security
authentication, but the lack of DL security information indicates that DL CP Security Information delivery is delayed or to another eNB. The eNB1 and the MME can locally release the S1 connection.
In some embodiments, if the MME cannot authenticate the UE's request, the MME can send the Connection Establishment Indication message without containing security information and with the indication of failed NAS-level security authentication. The eNB1 and the MME locally release the S1 connection. According to the information in Connection Establishment Indication message, the eNB1 can be determine the RRC Re-establishment is failed. FIG. 23 illustrates yet another example signaling procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. When eNB1 in Sat_1 moves back to the location area of the UE, the eNB1 can send a Paging message to the UE and set up connection with the UE. The eNB1 further indicates that the previous NAS PDU is failed. According to such information, UE can decide whether to re-transmit the previous NAS PDU.
Embodiment 5
This embodiment is related to assistance information exchange between the core network and the satellites.
The base station can acquire assistance information about core network via Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) or via the S1/NG messages (e.g., S1 setup response, S1 resume response, Connection Establishment Indication, eNB Configuration Update Acknowledge, MME Configuration Update) from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB during the procedures described in Embodiment1~ Embodiment4. The assistance information includes at least the following parameters:
Para-1: whether the "store and forward" operation is supported, or applied, or used;
Para-2: whether the acknowledgement of the UL UE data and/or DL UE data is to be sent to current satellite/base station/cell.
Para-3: if the indication for Para-2 is “No” , the information about the next available satellite/base station/cell that the UE can expect to receive the acknowledgement of the UL UE data and/or DL UE data from. Such information about the next available satellite/base station/cell can be the next available satellite ID/base station ID/cell ID or a list of these IDs.
Para-4: the next available time (or response time) when UE can setup/resume the S1/NG connection with the core network again. The next available time can be a time point. The
next available time can be related to the next available satellite/base station/cell (e.g., their IDs) .
In some embodiments, the base station can indicate the following QoS information about forwarding the UL signaling/data to core network:
– Forwarding priority per NAS PDU, or per each user plane packet, or per a group of NAS PDUs, or per a group of user plane packets;
– Expected acknowledgment policy per NAS PDU, or per each user plane packet, or per a group of NAS PDUs, or per a group of user plane packets
– S&F data retention (store and maintain) period per satellite, or per base station, or per cell;
– S&F data storage quota per satellite, or per base station, or per cell.
In some embodiments, the core network can indicate the following QoS information about forwarding the DL signaling/data to base station:
– Forwarding priority per NAS PDU, or per each user plane packet, or per a group of NAS PDUs, or per a group of user plane packets;
– Expected acknowledgment policy per NAS PDU, or per each user plane packet, or per a group of NAS PDUs, or per a group of user plane packets;
– S&F data retention (store and maintain) period per MME, or per E-RAB;
– S&F data storage quota per MME, or per E-RAB.
Embodiment 6
This embodiment is related to feeder link overload control.
The UE-specific S1AP/NGAP Setup procedures described in Embodiment 3 have the benefit of introducing small impacts on the existing procedures. However, as mentioned above, if the Sat_1 has stored the UL data for more than one UE, there may not be sufficient time to send all the data to the MME, given the signaling overhead for UE-specific S1/NG setup/resume procedures. To better manage the signaling overhead, existing overload control scheme can be leveraged. FIG. 24 illustrates an example flow control procedure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology. The Overload Start procedure is to inform an eNB to reduce the signaling load towards the concerned MME, and the Overload Stop procedure is to signal to an eNB the MME is connected to that the overload situation at the MME has ended and normal operation shall resume. An example IE structure of the flow control start message is shown below:
This message is sent by the MME and is used to indicate to the eNB that the MME is overloaded.
Direction: MME → eNB
In some embodiments, a new MME/AMF S1/NG flow control procedure can be introduced. The procedure can include two messages; both of them are sent from core network to base station in the satellite, e.g., MME S1 flow control start or AMF NG flow control start message from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB and, MME S1 flow control stop or AMF NG flow control stop also from MME/AMF to eNB/gNB. The MME S1 flow control start (or AMF NG flow control start) message can include information of suspend time period, e.g., Duration_1, or next available time point, e.g., TP_1. Upon reception this message, the eNB/gNB need to suspend the current S1/NG signaling exchange, e.g., to stop sending next signaling when the last signaling exchange finish and wait for Duration_1 or wait till TP_1. When Duration_1 expires, or TP_1 arrives, or receiving MME S1 flow control stop (AMF NG flow control stop) , eNB/gNB can resume the S1/NG signaling exchange.
In some embodiments, a new eNB/gNB S1/NG flow control procedure can be introduced. Two messages are involved in this procedure and both of them are sent from base station in the satellite to core network, e.g., eNB S1 flow control start or gNB NG flow control start message from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF and, eNB S1 flow control stop or gNB NG flow control stop also from eNB/gNB to MME/AMF. The eNB S1 flow control start (or gNB NG flow control start) message can include an information of suspend time period, e.g., Duration_2, or next available time point, e.g., TP_2. Upon reception this message, the MME/AMF need to suspend the current S1/NG signaling exchange, e.g., to stop sending next signaling when the last signaling exchange finish and wait for Duration_2 or wait till TP_2. When Duration_2 expires, or TP_1 arrives, or receiving eNB S1 flow control stop (gNB NG flow control stop) , MME/AMF
can resume the S1/NG signaling exchange.
FIG. 25 shows an example of a wireless communication system 2500 where techniques in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied. A wireless communication system 2500 can include one or more base stations (BSs) 2505a, 2505b, one or more wireless devices (or UEs) 2510a, 2510b, 2510c, 2510d, and a core network 2525. A base station 2505a, 2505b can provide wireless service to user devices 2510a, 2510b, 2510c and 2510d in one or more wireless sectors. In some implementations, a base station 2505a, 2505b includes directional antennas to produce two or more directional beams to provide wireless coverage in different sectors. The core network 2525 can communicate with one or more base stations 2505a, 2505b. The core network 2525 provides connectivity with other wireless communication systems and wired communication systems. The core network may include one or more service subscription databases to store information related to the subscribed user devices 2510a, 2510b, 2510c, and 2510d. A first base station 2505a can provide wireless service based on a first radio access technology, whereas a second base station 2505b can provide wireless service based on a second radio access technology. The base stations 2505a and 2505b may be co-located or may be separately installed in the field according to the deployment scenario. The user devices 2510a, 2510b, 2510c, and 2510d can support multiple different radio access technologies. The techniques and embodiments described in the present document may be implemented by the base stations of wireless devices described in the present document.
FIG. 26 is a block diagram representation of a portion of a radio station in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present technology can be applied. A radio station 2605 such as a network node, a base station, or a wireless device (or a user device, UE) can include processor electronics 2610 such as a microprocessor that implements one or more of the wireless techniques presented in this document. The radio station 2605 can include transceiver electronics 2615 to send and/or receive wireless signals over one or more communication interfaces such as antenna 2620. The radio station 2605 can include other communication interfaces for transmitting and receiving data. Radio station 2605 can include one or more memories (not explicitly shown) configured to store information such as data and/or instructions. In some implementations, the processor electronics 2610 can include at least a portion of the transceiver electronics 2615. In some embodiments, at least some of the disclosed techniques, modules or functions are implemented using the radio station 2605. In some embodiments, the radio station
2605 may be configured to perform the methods described herein.
The disclosed and other embodiments, modules and the functional operations described in this document can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this document and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. The disclosed and other embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.
A computer program (also known as a program, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document) , in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub programs, or portions of code) . A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.
The processes and logic flows described in this document can be performed by one or
more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) . Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random-access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.
It is noted that operation of the satellite-based wireless communications as disclosed herein causes a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional methods. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the overall share of carbon emissions from information and communication technologies (ICT) accounts for approximately 4%of the total amount of CO2 emitted around world. Further, conventional networks can sometimes exacerbate the causes of climate change. For example, at an average of approximately 485g of CO2 per KWh of electricity that is produced worldwide, it results in a rough estimate of 145.5 million metric tons of CO2. The implementations disclosed herein for operating the satellite-based wireless communications can reduce signaling overhead for satellite-based wireless communications using regenerative payload and mitigate climate change by reducing and/or preventing additional greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. For example, the use of the common signaling that is applicable to multiple UEs can help avoid conventional signaling procedures as described herein, particularly when transparent payload is used, and reduces
electrical power consumption and the amount of data transported and stored compared to traditional methods. In particular, by reducing the signaling exchange between the satellite-based base stations and the core network, the disclosed systems provide increased efficiency compared to traditional methods.
Moreover, Global System for Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) , the organization that represents mobile operators and the telecommunication industry worldwide, has estimated that currently 20–40%of the operating cost of network operators is taken up by electricity, and that 5G can cause a substantial (as much as four to five fold) increase of energy consumption in the RAN, but that the technical means to reduce this consumption can be included in later generation mobile networks. Expanding the capabilities of the Store &Forward approach using the embodiments disclosed herein reduces the amount of data transported and stored and obviates the need for wasteful CO2 emissions. Therefore, the disclosed implementations for operation of the satellite-based wireless communications mitigates climate change and the effects of climate change by reducing the repetitive amount of data stored and downloaded in comparison to conventional network technologies.
While this patent document contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this patent document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described in this patent document should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments.
Only a few implementations and examples are described, and other implementations,
enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this patent document.
Claims (36)
- A method for wireless communication, comprising:initiating, by a satellite access node upon a trigger condition, a connection procedure with a mobility network node in a core network,wherein the trigger condition is related to a movement of the satellite access node with respect to the mobility network node.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the trigger condition comprises:receiving, by the satellite access node, at least one data transmission from a terminal device.
- The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the trigger condition comprises:detecting that the mobility network node is within a range of communication.
- The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the movement of the satellite access node indicates that the satellite access node moves towards the mobility network node in the core network, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting, by the satellite access node, one or more first messages to the mobility network node to establish or resume a connection with the core network,wherein the one or more first messages indicate presence or absence of one or more data transmissions received by the satellite access node from one or more terminal devices;receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more second messages from the mobility network node in the core network.
- The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more second messages indicate capability information of the mobility network node for receiving the one or more data transmissions.
- The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the one or more first messages comprise a single first message applicable to the one or more terminal devices.
- The method of claim 6, wherein the single first message comprises one or more identifiers of the one or more terminal devices, each identifier corresponding to at least one of the one or more data transmissions.
- The method of any of claims 4 to 7, further comprising:establishing one or more data radio bearers to transfer the one or more data transmissions to the mobility network node, wherein the establishing optionally comprises:transmitting, by the satellite access node, a request to the mobility network node to initiate a transfer of the one or more data transmissions,receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node acknowledging the request.
- The method of claim 4, wherein each of the one or more first messages corresponds to a terminal device group and comprises a group identifier for a subset of the one or more terminal devices.
- The method of claim 4, wherein each of the one or more second messages corresponds to a terminal device group.
- The method of claim 9 or 10, further comprising, for each terminal device group:establishing one or more data radio bearers to transfer the one or more data transmissions to the mobility network node, wherein the establishing optionally comprises:transmitting, by the satellite access node, a request to the mobility network node to initiate a transfer of the one or more data transmissions,receiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node acknowledging the request.
- The method of claim 4, wherein each of the one or more first messages corresponding to a respective terminal device, and wherein each of the one or more second messages corresponding to a respective terminal device.
- The method of any of claims 4 to 12, wherein each of the one or more data transmissions is associated with a timestamp.
- The method of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the movement of the satellite access node indicates that the satellite access node moves away from the mobility network node in the core network, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting, by the satellite access node, one or more third messages to the mobility network node to release or suspend a connection with the core network;receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more fourth messages from the mobility network node in the core network.
- A method for wireless communication, comprising:determining, by a mobility network node in a core network, that one or more satellite access nodes satisfy a connection condition; andinitiating, by the mobility network node, a connection with at least one of the one or more satellite access nodes.
- The method of claim 15, wherein the initiating comprises:transmitting, by the mobility network node, one or more paging messages to a satellite access node.
- The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the initiating comprises:transmitting, to a satellite access node, information about one or more data transmissions corresponding to one or more terminal devices.
- A method of wireless communication, comprising:receiving, by a satellite access node, a connection request initiated by a mobility network node in a core network upon a connection condition being satisfied.
- The method of claim 18, comprising:receiving, by the satellite access node, one or more paging message from the mobility network node.
- The method of claim 18 or 19, comprising:receiving, by the satellite access node, information about one or more data transmissions corresponding to one or more terminal devices.
- The method of claim 17 or 20, wherein the information comprises one or more identifiers corresponding to one or more terminal devices for the information.
- The method of claim 17, 20, or 21, wherein each of the one or more data transmissions is associated with a timestamp included in the information.
- A method for wireless communication, comprising:receiving, by a satellite access node that has no connection with a core network, a request from a terminal device requesting a reestablishment of a connection; andtransmitting, by the satellite access node, a response to the terminal device in response to the request.
- The method of claim 23, wherein the response rejects the request due to having no connection with the core network.
- The method of claim 23, comprising:storing, by the satellite access node, information about the terminal device, and wherein the response indicates that the reestablishment of the connection is completed.
- The method of claim 25, comprising:transmitting, by the satellite access node, a message to a mobility network node, wherein the message comprises security information of the terminal device; andreceiving, by the satellite access node, a response from the mobility network node.
- The method of claim 26, wherein the transmitting is triggered upon the satellite access node moving into a range of the mobility network node.
- The method of claim 26 or 27, wherein the message is common to multiple terminal devices or a group of terminal devices, and wherein the security information corresponds to the terminal device.
- The method of any of claims 26 to 28, wherein the message is specific to the terminal device.
- A method for wireless communication, comprising:receiving, by a mobility network node in a core network, a first message from a first satellite access node, wherein the first message comprises security information of at least one terminal device for a reestablishment of a connection; andinitiating, by the mobility network node, a procedure with a second satellite access node for the reestablishment of the connection.
- The method of claim 30, comprising:transmitting, by the mobility network node to the first satellite access node, a response indicating a delayed delivery of the security information.
- The method of any of claims 1 to 31, wherein a satellite access node is configured to receive assistance information about the core network, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: capability information regarding whether storing of connection request information is supported, or Quality of Service (QoS) information for data transmissions.
- The method of any of claims 1 to 32, wherein the mobility network node is configured to transmit a message to a satellite access node indicating a start or a termination of a traffic control.
- The method of claim 33, wherein the message comprises at least one of: a suspend time period, or a next available time point for resuming traffic.
- A communication apparatus, comprising at least one processor configured to implement a method recited in any one or more of claims 1 to 34.
- A computer program product having code stored thereon, the code, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to implement a method recited in any one or more of claims 1 to 34.
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| PCT/CN2024/080058 WO2025156367A1 (en) | 2024-03-05 | 2024-03-05 | Data transmissions with regenerative payload in satellite communications |
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| PCT/CN2024/080058 WO2025156367A1 (en) | 2024-03-05 | 2024-03-05 | Data transmissions with regenerative payload in satellite communications |
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