[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2025046624A1 - Procédé de confusion sexuelle d'insectes nuisibles à l'aide de sémiochimiques - Google Patents

Procédé de confusion sexuelle d'insectes nuisibles à l'aide de sémiochimiques Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2025046624A1
WO2025046624A1 PCT/IN2024/051573 IN2024051573W WO2025046624A1 WO 2025046624 A1 WO2025046624 A1 WO 2025046624A1 IN 2024051573 W IN2024051573 W IN 2024051573W WO 2025046624 A1 WO2025046624 A1 WO 2025046624A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
acetate
application
semiochemical
semiochemical composition
plant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2024/051573
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dr. Mrkandeya GORANTLA
Original Assignee
Pheromones Biotech Llp
Atgc Biotech Private Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pheromones Biotech Llp, Atgc Biotech Private Limited filed Critical Pheromones Biotech Llp
Publication of WO2025046624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025046624A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical

Definitions

  • Insect pests substantially reduce yields of staple grains, especially in temperate, tropical climates of Asia and Africa. These continents are a potential food bowl to feed the future. Insect pests cause significant loss to the tune of more than $400 billion. This is going to increase considerably due to climate change. Every degree increase in temperature is making insect metabolism higher and prone to be ravenous.
  • Pest control products based on mating disruption have been developed as manually applied dispensers or sprayable formulations.
  • manual dispensers such as plastic rope pheromone dispensers
  • these products suffer from several key limitations.
  • manual dispensers such as plastic rope pheromone dispensers
  • these diffusers are non attractive to males insects due to high amount of pheromone released per day.
  • These dispeners are limited to use to camaflouge male insects finding its female insect.
  • a method of disrupting mating of insect pests affecting plants in a field comprising: applying a semiochemical composition over a single or multiple applications at discrete point sources, wherein the semiochemical composition at each discrete point source competitively attracts male insect over female insect.
  • All the above semiochemical composition exhibits electroantennogram (EAG) response towards respective insect pets optionally, wherein the semiochemical composition is applied at between 100 and 5000 source points in the field, and optionally, wherein the semiochemical composition is placed every 1 m 2 to 80 m 2 for each application, wherein, in a first application, the semiochemical composition is applied before emergence of the first brood of the insect pests, and the semiochemical composition is applied on the axil of a stem of the plant, hooked to the stem, applied directly on the stem, applied on a support system in the vicinity' of the plant, or applied on the soil around the plant, wherein the semiochemical composition is optionally applied in a second application between 30 days and 60 days after the first application, or all doses of the semiochemical composition is applied before emergence of the first brood of the insect pests.
  • EAG electroantennogram
  • At least one semiochemical is a pheromone, an allomone, a kairomone, or a synomone, or any combinations thereof.
  • at least one semiochemical is (Z,Z)-7,11 -hexadecadienyl acetate; (Z,E)-7,11 -hexadecadienyl acetate; Z-9- Tetadecenyl acetate; Zl l -Hexadecenyl acetate; Z-7-Dodecenol, (E)- 11 -hexadecenyl acetate; (E)- 1 1-hexadecen-l-ol; (Z)-l 1 -hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-l l hexadecenal; (Z)-l 1-hexadecen-l-ol; (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadien
  • the semiochemical composition exhibits rain-fastness, non- phytotoxicity to plant surface, controlled release of the at least one semiochemical for a minimum of about four weeks (e.g., about 12 weeks to about 20 ⁇ weeks), is stable under drastic environmental conditions, suitable for mating disruption, attract and kill, mass trapping of the insect pests.
  • the semiochemical composition in the first application, is applied before flowering, after sowing, or immediately after transplantation. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied in a third application between 30 days and 60 days after the second application. In some embodiments, the single or multiple applications occur from seed sowing until harvest of crops of the plants in the field, in some embodiments, between about 100 to about 800-unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application, in some embodiments, the field is in India, China, Africa, Mexico or the United State. In some embodiments, the unit dose is about 1 mg to 20 mg (e.g., 10 mg) of at least one semiochemical. In some embodiments, the method decreases: (i) the average number of adult insect pests over the single or multiple applications: (ii) the overall damage to the plants in the field, as compared to plants in a field in which the semiochemical composition has not been applied.
  • the insect pest is Pectinophora gossipiella, Spodoptera frugiperda, Leucinodes orbonalis, Plutella xylostella, Lobesia botrana, Cydia pomonella, Grapholita molesta, Anarsia lineatelia, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, Tula absohita, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, Phyllocnistis citrella, Helicoverpa zea, Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo infuscatellus , Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, Amyelois transitella, or Pianococcus ficus, or any combination thereof.
  • the insect pest is Pink bollworm; Fall army worm; Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer; Diamond backmoth; Grapevine moth; Codling moth; Oriental Fruit moth; Peach Twig Borer; False Codling Moth; Tomato Leaf Miner; Carob Moth; Citrus leaf miner; Com Ear Worm; Rice Yellow Stem Borer; Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer; Sugarcane Internode borer; Navel orangeworm; or Vine mealybug, or any combination thereof.
  • the pest is Pectinophora gossipiella.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z,Z)-7,11 -hexadecadienyl acetate and (Z,E)-7,11- hexadecadienyl acetate.
  • the plants are cotton plants.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application within 50th days after seed sowing (before square formation) at about 6 inches below the crop canopy at the primary branch axil. Distribute the dispensers at equal space with uniform distance (3x2 meters distance between the source points) placements across one hactare.
  • second application may be applied directly on upper branch axil preferably 6-8 inches below the crop canopy, and about 50 to about 60 days after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied at each application directly attached to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Spodoptera Frugiperda.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises Z9-Tetadecenyl acetate, Z1 1 -Hexadecenyl acetate, and Z7 -Dodecenol.
  • the plants are maize, rice, sorghum, sugarcane, cabbage, beet, peanut, soybean, alfalfa, onion, cotton, pasture grasses, or millet, or any combination thereof.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application On or before 10 days after seed germination (V2-V3 stage), wherein in the first application, the semiochemical composition is applied on soil or with support system or middle (midrib) region of the leaf or stick to the support system in the vicinity of the plant,.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application on the V-9 leaf of the plant and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 to about 45 days) after the first application.
  • Second application is six inches below the crop canopy on the leaf surface near the leaf axil, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Leucinodes orbonalis.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (E)-l 1 -hexadecenyl acetate and (E)-l 1-hexadecen-l-ol.
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application immediately after transplantation, wherein in the first application, the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below plant height and about 30 days to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 to about 45 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied at each application directly attached to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Plutella xylostella.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-11 -hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-l 1 hexadecenal, and (Z)- 11-hexadeceii-l-oL
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application within five days after transplanting.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 30 days to about 45 days after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil, slicked to the leaf, hooked to the leaf axil, or applied on the support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Lobesia botrana.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl Acetate and (E)-7-Dodecenyl Acetate.
  • the plants are fruit crops.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied first application one week before flowering, wherein in , semiochemical composition is applied on the on the axil of stem OR hooked or hung to the vines or trellis. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is only applied in a single application (e.g., the first application).
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below plant height and about 30 days to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 to about 45 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied at each application directly attached to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Tula absolutea.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises E3, Z8, Zl l— Tetradecenyl acetate and E3, Z8- Tetradecenyl acetate.
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application immediately after transplantation, wherein in the first application, the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below plant height and about 30 days to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 to about 45 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition in the second application, is applied directly to the axil of stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the semiochemical composition can be applied in a third, and a fourth application, wherein the third and the fourth applications are the same as the second application.
  • the semiochemical composition can be applied in a third application without a fourth application, wherein the dose of the third application is twice of the dose of dose for the second application.
  • the pest is Helicoverpa zea.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l 1-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-hexadecenal.
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application at V7 stage of the crop.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application in the axil of leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application in the axil of leaf and about V10 to V12 stage.
  • the pest is Scirpophaga incertulas.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l 1-hexadecenal, and (Z)-9-hexadecenal.
  • the plants are rice, maize or sugarcane, or any combination thereof.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied immediately after transplantation, wherein the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the pest is Chilo infuscatellus.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l 1 -hexadecenol.
  • the plants are sugarcane, com, rice, sorghum, or sudangrass, or any combination thereof.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application immediately after plantation or transplantation, wherein in the first application, the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below plant height and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 to about 45 days) after the first application. In some embodiments, in the second application, the semiochemical composition is applied in the axil of leaf. 10021]
  • the pest is Chilo sacchariphagus indicus.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-13- octadecenyl acetate and (Z)-13- octadecen-1- ol.
  • the plants are sugarcane, coni, rice, sorghum, or sudangrass, or any combination thereof.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application in the axil of leaf about 60 days after plantation or transplantation.
  • the pest is Pianococcus ficus.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (S)-(+) Lavanulyl senecioate.
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application one week before flowering, on the axil of stem or can be hooked or hung to the vines or trellis.
  • the semiochemical composition is only applied in a single application (e.g., the first application).
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below plant height and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 to about 45 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied directly to the axil of stem of the plant, hung to the vines or trellis or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Cydia pomonella. In some embodiments, the pest is Grapholita molesta. In some embodiments, the pest is Anarsia lineatella. In some embodiments, the pest is Thaumatotibia leucotreta. In some embodiments, the pest is Ectomyelois ceratoniae. In some embodiments, the pest is Phyllocnistis citrella. In some embodiments, the pest is Amyelois transitella. In some embodiments, the plants are fruit crops. In some embodiments, the plants are walnuts, almonds, pistachios, or figs, or any combination thereof.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application as high as possible one week before flowering. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application as high as possible and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 to about 45 days) after the first application. In some embodiments, at each application, the semiochemical composition is applied directly to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • a blister pack for the tablet described herein is provided herein.
  • FIG. 1C show’s the blister pack designs for tablet composition.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary’ placement of source points in a field.
  • FIG. 8B shows the ability of tablet blister pack attached on a paper in attracting pests.
  • provided herein is a method of pest control and/or reducing pest damage.
  • a method of disrupting mating of insect pests affecting plants in a field e.g., an agricultural field.
  • the method comprises applying a semiochemical composition over a single or multiple applications at discrete point sources, each of which will competitively attract male insect pests over virgin female insect pests.
  • the male insect pests instead fly from one point source of the semiochemical composition to another point source in a futile effort to find female insect pests, expending their limited energy reserves until they die.
  • At least one semiochemical used in the method is to target at a single kind of pest. In some embodiments, at least one semiochemical used in the method is to target minimumtwo kinds of insect pests. In some embodiments, tat least one semiochemical composition targeting minimum two kinds of insect pests is formulated in the same semiochemical composition.
  • the dispersed phase component comprises (a) wax as a carrier in the range of 1 w/w% to 50 w/w% of the total amount of the composition; (b) oil in an amount of 0.01 w/w% to 15 w/w% of the total amount of the composition; (c) at least one semiochemical in the range of 0.01 w7w% to 20 w7w'% of the total amount of the composition; and (d) antioxidant in an amount of 0.01 w/w% to 3 w7w% of the total amount of the composition, in some embodiments, the semiochemical is entrapped within the wax carrier, along with the dispersion medium, which comprises an emulsifier, and an additive that are homogeneously dispersed in the system dispersion media.
  • a dispersed phase comprising (a) at least one semiochemical in an amount of about 0.5 to 2.0 w/w% of the total composition; (b) a wax carrier in an amount of about 0.5 to 60 w/'w% of the total composition; (c) a diluent in an amount of about 0.5 to 20 w/w% of the total composition; (d) an antioxidant in an amount of about 0.01 to 6 w7w% of the total composition; (e) a lubricant or a texture modifier in an amount of about 0.5 to 10 w7w'% of the total composition;
  • the mesoporous or nanoporous material is selected from the group consisting of activated charcoal, carbon, graphite sourced carbon and carbon particles derived from natural organic substrate.
  • the mesoporous or nanoporous material is silica or amorphous uniform monodisperse spherical carbon particles derived from natural organic substrate.
  • the mesoporous or nanoporous material has BET surface area of about > 2500 m /g when measured using nitrogen adsorption method.
  • the ratio of the semiochemical to the rnesoporous material or nanoporous is about 1: 10 to aboutl0:l.
  • the carbon HBET and rnesoporous silica is used for control release matrix material by adsorbing active on its surface for prolonged release and efficient moth catch as compared to conventionally used charcoal.
  • the wax carrier is selected from the group consisting of natural wax, synthetic w r ax and combinations thereof
  • Exemplary synthetic wax includes, but are not limited to, microcrystalline wax, ozokerite, ceresin. Montan wax, paraffin, and any combinations thereof.
  • Exemplary natural wax includes, but are not limited to, rice bran wax, sunflower wax, bees wax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Chinese insect wax, esparto wax, J apan wax, spermaceti wax, lanolin wax, and any combinations thereof.
  • the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of group consisting of cetostearyl alcohol, Lecithin, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, montanic acid, oleic acid, polyhydroxy alcohol, phospholipid, Sorbitan mostearate, sorbitan monooleate, Polysorbate, and combinations thereof.
  • the diluent is selected from either paraffin oil, soyabean oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, castor oil, medium chain triglycerides, Isopropyl palmitate, and any combination thereof.
  • the film forming / adhesion promoter and rheology modifying agent is poly vinyl pyrrolidone, or polyvinyl solution. In some embodiments, the film forming agent is used alone.
  • the preservative is methyl paraben, propyl paraben, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, or any combination thereof.
  • the antioxidant is BUT, BHA, tocopherol, or any combination thereof.
  • the texture modifier is metallic stearate such as magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, and blend of esters of behenic acid with glycerol, such as Comprittol 888 or any combination thereof.
  • the texture modifier such as magnesium stearate and zinc stearate, acts as water repellent.
  • propylene glycol is used as humectants.
  • the semiochemical composition formulated as a gel is configured such that it can be squeezed into dollop and directly applied onto plant. In some embodiments, the consistency, viscosity’, and density’ of the gel composition allows for a stable attachment of the gel to the axil of leaves without placing a heavy burden to the leaves.
  • the method provided herein comprises applying the semiochemical composition formulated as a tablet.
  • the semiochemical composition formulated as a tablet comprises: a premix comprising a semiochemical in an amount of 0.5 to 60% (w/w) of the total composition adsorbed onto a mesoporous material, a matrix forming agent or a combination of mesoporous material and matrix forming agent in an total amount of 1 to 50% (w/w) of the total composition; and extra granular ingredients in an amount of 75 to 85% (w/w) of the total composition comprising a mesoporous material, emulsifying agent, binder and lubricant.
  • the semiochemical composition formulated as a tablet comprises: a premix comprising a semiochemical in an amount of 0.5 to 60% (w/w) of the total composition adsorbed onto a mesoporous material in an amount of 1 to 50% (wAv) of the total composition; and extra-granular ingredients in an amount of 75 to 85% (w/w) of the total composition comprising a mesoporous material, emulsifying agent, binder and lubricant.
  • the semiochemical composition formulated as a tablet comprises: a premix comprising a semiochemical in an amount of 0.5 to 60% (w/w) of the total composition adsorbed onto a matrix forming agent in an amount of 1 to 50% (wAv) of the total composition; and extra-granular ingredients in an amount of 75 to 85% (w/w) of the total composition comprising a mesoporous material, emulsifying agent, binder and lubricant.
  • the semiochemical composition formulated as a tablet comprises: a premix comprising a semiochemical in an amount of 0.5 to 60% (w/w) of the total composition adsorbed onto a combination of matrix forming agent and mesoporous materials in an amount of 1 to 50% (w/w) of the total composition; and extra-granular ingredients in an amount of 75 to 85% (w/w) of the total composition comprising a mesoporous material, emulsifying agent, binder and lubricant.
  • the mesoporous material is Carbon with a BET area of at least about 1000 m 2 /g (e.g., about 2500 m 2 /g), Magnesium Aluminometasilicate, or mesoporous silica, or any combination thereof.
  • the mesoporous material can be used as intra- granular as well as extra- granular carriers in the preparation of tablets.
  • the matrix forming agent comprises an emulsifying agent.
  • emulsifying agent includes, but is not limited to, Glyceryl behanate (Compritol 888), Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate or Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), or any combination thereof.
  • exemplary binder includes, but is not limited to, Hydroxy propyl cellulose, HPMC & povidone, Glyceryl behenate or Ethyl cellulose.
  • the lubricant is stearic acid, magnesium stearate, Zinc stearate, calcium stearate, or any combination thereof.
  • the tablet optionally comprises an anti-oxidant such as butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA).
  • BHT butylated hydroxyl toluene
  • BHA butylated hydroxy anisole
  • the tablet optionally comprises a filler such as dicalcium phosphate, MCC, lactose, starch or mannitol.
  • the tablet optionally comprises polymeric materials used as control release polymer and/or film coating control release polymer and/or hydrophobic polymer.
  • the polymeric materials are SC300I, a mixture of Methyl MethAcrylates and 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Acrylates, Seppic LM LP-030, HPMC, Stearic acid, Magnesium Stearate, a mixture of Ethyl Cellulose and Cetyl Alcohol, or any combination thereof.
  • the tablet a multi-layered tablet, a minitablet, a polo type tablet, or a biconvex tablet with or without score line.
  • the tablet is optionally coated.
  • the tablet is packed in the blister pack described herein and can be applied directly in the blister pack.
  • a blister pack for the tablet described herein comprising: a base portion (e.g., paper or cloth) and a lidding foil; the base portion comprising a main chamber capable of containing a tablet comprising a semiochemical, a secondary chamber capable of being punched with an orifice and connected to the main chamber; wherein the main chamber and the secondary chamber share an upper opening periphery; and a substantially flat flange that extends in a plane around the opening periphery of the main chamber and the secondary chamber; the lidding foil being substantially flat and being sealed to the flange in a sealing zone that extends around the opening periphery of the main chamber and the secondary chamber; wherein the main chamber is not significantly larger than the tablet, and the secondary chamber is smaller than the tablet; wherein the secondary chamber is narrower than the main chamber, substantially in the shape of a channel tapering away from the main chamber and forming a tip away from the main chamber, thereby when the secondary chamber is punched with
  • the tablet comprising a semiochemical is provided in an adhesive cloth or paper which can be stuck to crop.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. IB show the front and side view of an exemplary blister pack together with the tablet, respectively.
  • the blister pack 100 for the tablet (e.g., 114 in FIG. 1A or FIG. IB) comprises a base portion 112 and a lidding foil 122, wherein the base portion comprises a main chamber 102 capable of containing a tablet 114 comprising a semiochemical, a secondary chamber 104 capable of being punched with an orifice 106 and connected to the main chamber 102; wherein the main chamber and the secondary chamber share an upper opening periphery.
  • the blister pack 100 further comprises a substantially flat flange 108 that extends in a plane around the opening periphery of the main chamber and the secondary chamber.
  • the lidding foil is selected from the group consisting of aluminum layer, LDPE layer, paper/ aluminum layer, and polypropylene layer with cellulose paper layer.
  • the base portion is made of PVC and the lidding foil is aluminum foil.
  • the base portion is made of PVC/PVDC and the lidding foil is aluminum foil.
  • the base portion is made of aluminum and the lidding foil is aluminum foil.
  • the blister pack is a polyethylene terephthalate blister pack.
  • the blister pack further comprises an adhesive cloth or paper which can be stuck to crop.
  • the blister pack comprises a base portion made of a paper or cloth, wherein the paper or cloth comprises an adhesive outside surface and can be attached onto a crop.
  • the blister can be directly attached onto a paper or cloth via an adhesive agent, and the paper or cloth can be applied via a method described herein for paper or cloth dispensers.
  • a big orifice can be punched on the secondary’ chamber. After this, a side orifice or a bottom orifice can be punched on the main chamber to further facilitate the release of the semiochemical. Then the unit dose blister can be placed on soil or plant following the methods provided herein, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B.
  • the microcapsules comprise at least one semiochemical encapsulated in a polymer shell.
  • the microcapsules comprise a core and shell, wherein the shell is in an amount of 5 to 90% by weight of neat microcapsule, and wherein: the core comprises (a) at least one semiochemical in an amount of 0.1 to 90% by the toral weight of the microcapsules: (b) a release modifier oil the ratio of 10:1 to 1:10 by weight of semiochemical; and (c) an antioxidant in an amount of 0.01 to 3 % by weight of the semiochemical; the shell comprises (a) encapsulating polymer in an amount of 1 to 30% by the total weight of the microcapsules.
  • microcapsules adhered to the cloth with bath padding method with the help of binder are adhered to the cloth with bath padding method with the help of binder.
  • the composition is a paper and the microcapsules are embedded by printing.
  • water repellent agent is used along with the binder.
  • the microcapsules have a particle size in the range of 1 to 200 microns, such as 2- 100 microns or 5-50 microns.
  • paper and/or cloth and the microcapsules show physical and chemical stability at 0°C to 54°C temperature and microcapsules remain uniformly dispersed in the paper/cloth for at least two years at 27 to 30°C.
  • Exemplary amino resins include, but are not limited to, urea/melamine formaldehyde resin, resorcinol formaldehyde resin and those that are commercially available as Luwipal068, Luwipal063, luracoll SD and cyrnel 303/323/327, or in-house prepared amino plast resin.
  • the cloth used herein can be woven from natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic fibers, or any combination thereof.
  • the binder may comprise butadiene acrylonitrile latex, carboxylated butadiene acrylonitrile, vinyl acrylate, melamine resin, or any combination thereof.
  • the semiochemical composition at each application, comprises a unit dose between 1 mg and 30 mg (e.g., about any of 1 mg to 25 mg, 1 mg to 20 mg, 1.5 mg to 20 mg, 5 mg to 20 mg, 5 mg to 18 mg, 5 mg to 16 mg, 8 mg, 10 mg, or 12 mg) of at least one semiochemical.
  • the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition over a single or multiple applications at discrete point sources, wherein at each application and one point source, a unit dose comprising between 1 mg and 30 mg (e.g., about any of 5 mg to 25 mg, 1.5 mg to 20 mg, 5 mg to 20 mg, 5 mg to 18 mg, 5 mg to 16 mg, 8 mg, 10 mg, or 12 mg) of at least one semiochemical is applied.
  • a unit dose comprising between 1 mg and 30 mg (e.g., about any of 5 mg to 25 mg, 1.5 mg to 20 mg, 5 mg to 20 mg, 5 mg to 18 mg, 5 mg to 16 mg, 8 mg, 10 mg, or 12 mg) of at least one semiochemical is applied.
  • a 0.5% tablet or gel diffuser each 250 mg containing 1.5 mg per diffuser with a release rate of 0.01 mg semiochemical per day. Such formulation last up to 120 days.
  • the unit dose of semiochemical is configured such that a linear release of the semiochemical can be achieved.
  • the unit dose of semiochemical is configured such that it attracts the male insects to fly from one point source of the semiochemical composition to another point source as they would respond to a calling female, but is not concentrated enough to form a cloud of pheromone to completely camouflage natural females.
  • each unit dose comprises about 1 mg to about 25 mg (e.g., about any of 2 mg to 23 mg, 1.5 mg to 20 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg) semiochemical.
  • the unit doses are applied in a single time.
  • the unit doses are applied over a single or multiple applications.
  • one unit dose is applied at a single source point, for example, 800 unit doses (e.g., 800 tablets or gel drops) are applied on or close to about 800 plants.
  • more than one unit dose is applied at a single source point, for example, 800 unit doses (e.g., 800 tablets or gel drops) are applied on or close to about 400 plants, with each plant receiving two unit doses, or 800 unit doses (e.g., 800 tablets or gel drops) are applied on or close to about 200 plants, with each plant receiving four unit doses, or 800 unit doses (e.g., 800 tablets or gel drops) are applied on or close to about 100 plants, with each plant receiving eight unit doses.
  • 800 unit doses e.g., 800 tablets or gel drops
  • 800 unit doses e.g., 800 tablets or gel drops
  • about 20 mg and 300 mg e.g., about any of 20 mg to 270 mg, 20 mg to 250 mg, 20 mg to 230 mg, 22 mg to 220 mg, or 22 mg to 200 mg
  • the unit dose can provide a sustained and steady release of the semiochemical for about 90 to about 120 days.
  • the release rate of the semiochemcial is enough to provide a complete trap shutdown wherein the pest population drops below economic threshold level and restrict damage due to the insect pests is reduced to less than 5%.
  • the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition over a single or multiple applications, wherein, in a first application, the semiochemical composition is applied before emergence of the first brood of the insect pests. In some embodiments, in the first application, the semiochemical composition is applied before flowering, during sowing, or immediately after transplantation. 100100] In some embodiments, the single or multiple applications occur from seed sowing until harvest of crops of the plants in the field, in some embodiments, the single or multiple applications all occur before the first brood of the insect pests, in some embodiments, the multiple applications comprise a first application, a second application, and a third application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application that is at least 15 days (e.g., at least any of 18 days, 20 days, 22 days, 24 days, 26 days, 28 days, 30 days, 32 days, 34 days, 36 days, 38 days, 40 days, 42 days, or 45 days) after the first application.
  • the second application is no more than 75 days (e.g., no more than any of 73 days, 70 days, 68 days, 66 days, 64 days, 62 days, 60 days, 58 days, 56 days, 54 days, 52 days, 50 days, 48 days, or 45 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is optionally applied in a second application between 15 days and 75 days (e.g., between 30 and 60 days, about 30 days, or about 60 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a third application that is at least 15 days (e.g, at least any of 18 days, 20 days, 22 days, 24 days, 26 days, 28 days, 30 days, 32 days, 34 days, 36 days, 38 days, 40 days, 42 days, or 45 days) after the second application.
  • the third application is no more than 75 days (e.g, no more than any of 73 days, 70 days, 68 days, 66 days, 64 days, 62 days, 60 days, 58 days, 56 days, 54 days, 52 days, 50 days, 48 days, or 45 days) after the second application.
  • the semiochemical composition is optionally applied in a second application between 15 days and 75 days (e.g, between 30 and 60 days, about 30 days, or about 60 days) after the second application.
  • the method provided herein comprises applying a unit dose semiochemical composition (e.g., a drop of gel, a tablet, a blister pack, a paper, or a cloth) at discrete point sources, wherein the discrete point sources are uniformly spaced.
  • a unit dose semiochemical composition e.g., a drop of gel, a tablet, a blister pack, a paper, or a cloth
  • the semiochemical composition e.g., a drop of gel, a tablet, a blister pack, a paper, or a cloth
  • a spacing of at least 1 m 2 e.g., at least any of 2 m 2 , 3 m 2 , 3.5 nr, 4 m 2 , 4.5 m 2 , 5 m 2 , 5.5 nr, 6 nr, 8 m 2 , 10 m 2 , 15 m 2 , 20 m 2 , 30 m 2 , or 40 m 2 ).
  • the semiochemical composition in each application, is placed with a spacing of no more than 150 m 2 (e.g, no more than any of 125 m 2 , 1 10 m 2 , 100 m 2 , 96 m 2 , 94 nr, 92 m 2 , 88 nr, 86 m 2 , 84 nr, 82 nr, 80 m 2 , 75 m 2 , 70 m 2 , or 60 m 2 ). In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is placed between 5 m 2 and 80 m 2 for each application.
  • the semiochemical e.g., a drop of gel, a tablet, a blister pack, a paper, or a cloth
  • the semiochemical is applied over an area of at least 0.5 acres (e.g., at least any of 0.7 acres, 1 acre, 1.5 acres, 2 acres, 2.5 acres, or 3 acres).
  • the semiochemical is applied over an area of no more than 50 acres (e.g., no more than any of 45 acres, 40 acres, 35 acres, 30 acres, 25 acres, 20 acres, 15 acres, or 10 acres).
  • the semiochemical is applied over an area between 0.5 acres and 50 acres, for example, any of between 1 acre to 30 acres, between 1 acre to 20 acres, or between I acre to 10 acres.
  • the total number of source points in the area is at least 100 (e.g, at least any of 100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, or 800). In some embodiments, the total number of source points in the area is no more than 10000 (e.g., no more than any of 9000, 8000, 7500, 7000, 6500, 6000, 5500, or 5000). In some embodiments, the total number of source points in the area is between 100 and 10000, for example, any of between 100 to 5000, between 400 and 8000, between 500 and 7500, between 600 and 6000, or between 800 and 5000.
  • the placement of source points can be designed as FIG. 2.
  • the application sources points can be aligned in rows with a zig-zag fashion.
  • the unit doses e.g. , drops of gel, tablets, blister packs, paper, or cloth
  • the unit doses can be applied at the source points on rows A, while no unit doses are applied at rows B or row C, so that there is about 5 m distance between each row that received treatment.
  • the unit doses are applied on the very next row leaving the row which received the first application, i.e., rows B.
  • the unit doses are applied on rows C.
  • the method comprises applying a semiochemical composition in a field, wherein the field can be at any agro-climate zone.
  • the field is in a country’ where small farms (less than 50 acres) are common.
  • the field is in East Asia, South Asia, Africa, North America, or South America.
  • the field is in Africa, Asia, India, Mexico or the United States.
  • the semiochemical composition e.g., a drop of gel, a tablet, a blister pack, a paper, or a cloth
  • the semiochemical composition is applied on the axil of a stem of the plant, hooked to the stem, applied directly on the stem, applied on a support system in the vicinity of the plant, or applied on the soil around the plant, in certain embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied on soil with support system, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition (e.g, a drop of gel, a tablet, a blister pack, a paper, or a cloth) is applied in the axil of leaf. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied about 6 inches (e.g., 4 inches, 4.5 inches, 5 inches, 5.5 inches, 6 inches, 6.5 inches, 7 inches, or 7.5 inches) below’ the plant height. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied as high as possible on the plant. In some embodiments, the single or multiple applications comprise applying the semiochemical composition at the same position. In some embodiments, the single or multiple applications comprise applying the semiochemical composition at different positions. In some embodiments, the positions of application can be varied depending on the height and/or growth stage of the plant.
  • the semiochemical composition is a gel, and one exemplary application method is illustrated in FIG, 3 A and FIG. 3B.
  • a drop of the gel is directly squeezed and applied in the axil of leaves.
  • the consistency, viscosity, and density of the gel composition allows for a stable attachment of the gel to the axil of leaves without placing a heavy burden to the leaves.
  • the numbers of dollops of the semiochemical gel can vary depending on the concentration of semiochemical in the gel. In some embodiments, for example, as shown in FIG. 3B, about any of 1, 2, 4, or 8 dollops of the semiochemical composition formulated as gel can be applied on each plant.
  • each gel dollop applied on a plant serves a source point to competitively attract a male insect.
  • the competitive attraction process is illustrated in FIG. 3C. As shown in FIG.
  • the semiochemical gel dollops attract the male insects to fly from another source point of the semiochemical composition to the source points of the gel dollops as they would respond to a calling female, but in a futile effort to find female insect pests, expending their limited energy reserves until they die.
  • semiochemical e.g., pheromone
  • the semiochemical composition is a tablet, which is packed in a blister, and one exemplary application method is illustrated in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B.
  • the blister containing the tablet(s) can be applied on soil after the transplantation of the plant, for example, in a first application.
  • the blister containing the tablet(s) can be hanged onto plants, for example, in a second application that is about 30 days after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is a tablet, wherein the tablet can be attached onto a paper or cloth by a tape, and the paper or cloth can be applied near a plant as detailed herein.
  • the tablet can be directly attached onto the plant by a tape.
  • any of 1, 2, 4, or 8 tablets or blisters containing the tablets of the semiochemical composition can be applied on each plant. In some embodiments, more than one tablets or blisters are applied on each plant. In some embodiments of the foregoing, all the blisters contain the same tablets. In some embodiments of the foregoing, each blister pack contains one or more than one tablet(s) comprising the same semiochemical or same combination of semioehemicals, or each blister pack contains one or more than one tablets comprising different or different combinations of semioehemicals.
  • each blister pack or tablet applied on a plant serves a source point to competitively attract a male insect, in some embodiments, for example, the competitive attraction process is illustrated in FIG. 4D. As shown in FIG. 4D.
  • the semiochemical tablets or blister packs containing tablets attract the male insects to fly from another source point of the semiochemical composition to the source points of the application as they would respond to a calling female, but in a futile effort to find female insect pests, expending their limited energy reserves until they die.
  • semiochemical e.g., pheromone
  • the semiochemical composition is a paper or cloth that comprises semiochemical microcapsules.
  • the paper or cloth can be directly applied on or near the plant.
  • a cloth sprayed with microcapsules comprising one or more types of semiochemical(s) is applied close to or beneath the plant.
  • the paper or cloth further comprises an adhesive agent, wherein the paper or cloth can be attached onto the plant via the adhesive agent.
  • a paper with embedded with semiochemical microcapsules and an adhesive agent can be applied on a plant.
  • the paper can be used as a sticky tag.
  • a cloth with embedded with semiochemical microcapsules and an adhesive agent can be applied on a plant.
  • the cloth can be applied on plant like a band aid.
  • about any of 1 , 2, 4, or 8 paper or cloth comprising semiochemical microcapsules can be applied on each plant, and the paper or cloth can comprise the same semiochemical or different types or a combination of semiochemicals, and different paper or cloth can target at the same or different pests.
  • each paper or cloth applied on the plant can serve as a source point to competitively attract the male insects and thereby disrupt the mating of the male pests, as shown in FIG. 5D and FIG. 5E.
  • the insect pest can be any pest whose mating could be affected by the semiochemicals described herein.
  • the insect pest is selected from Table X below'. Table X. Exemplary Insect Pests
  • the plant is any plant that could be affected by an insect pest, wherein the mating of the insect pest can be affected by any of the semiochemical described herein. In some embodiments, the plant is any plant that could be affected by any of the insect pests in Table X.
  • kits for carrying out the methods of the invention.
  • the kits may comprise any of the compounds, or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, or compositions described herein, and suitable packaging.
  • the kits may comprise one or more packaging comprising any compound or composition described herein.
  • a kit includes a compound of the disclosure or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, and a label and/or instructions for use of the compound in disrupting the mating of a pest as described herein.
  • the kits may comprise a unit dosage form of the compound.
  • kits comprising: (i) an effective amount of any of the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or compositions, including agricultural compositions, described herein; and (ii) instructions for use in treating disrupting the mating of a pest described herein.
  • the methods described herein are specifically designed for a certain crop and/or pest.
  • certain aspects of the methods such as the unit dose of semiochemical and the number of discrete source points, do not vary for different plants or pests, and are optimized to provide uniformly high pest control potency.
  • other aspects of the methods such as detailed parameters in the single or multiple applications, may vary for various plants and/or pests. Pissk bollworm -
  • the pest is Pectinophora gossipiella, which is also known as pink bollworm.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z,Z)-7,11- hexadecadienyl acetate and (Z,E)-7, 11 -hexadecadienyl acetate.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the consist vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the pests w'hen placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. In some embodiments, a unit dose or a diffuser releases 0.01 mg to about 1 mg of semiochemical per day and changes the behavioral response of male insects (e.g., attracting male insects) for 120 days. In some embodiments, the plants are cotton plants, Okra, Kenaf, or Hibiscus.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application at about 6 inches below' the crop canopy and before flowering.
  • the first application is about 30 to about 50 days (e.g., about 30 days or 45 days) after sowing.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below the crop canopy and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., about 30 days to about 45 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied at each application directly attached/applied to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Spodoptera Fnigiperda, which is also known as fall army worm.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises Z9-Tetadecenyl acetate, Z11 -Hexadecenyl acetate, and Z7 -Dodecenol.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the consist vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 1 mg of semiochemical per day. in some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. In some embodiments, a unit dose or a diffuser releases 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day and changes the behavioral response of male insects (e.g., attracting male insects) for minimum 90 days.
  • the plants are maize, rice, sorghum and sugarcane, as well as other crops, including cabbage, beet, peanut, soybean, alfalfa, onion, cotton, pasture grasses, millet.
  • the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition in a first application, wherein the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil, with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application after seeds germination.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application on the 9 th leaf of a plant and about 30 to about 60 days after the first application.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Leucinodes orbonalis, which is also known as Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (E)-l 1- hexadecenyl acetate and (E)-l l-hexadecen-l-ol.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel with vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet with nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiocliemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 12.0 days. In some embodiments, a unit dose or a diffuser releases 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day and changes the behavioral response of male insects (e.g., attracting male insects) for 120 days. In some embodiments, the plants are vegetables and fruits, such as old stone fruit, apple, ornamental cherry and citrus.
  • the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition in a first application, wherein the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application immediately after transplantation.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below plant height and about 30 to about 60 days (about 30 days to about 45 days) after the first application.
  • the second application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a third application about 6 inches below crop height and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., 30 days) after the second application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a fourth application about 6 inches below' crop height and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., 30 days) after the third application.
  • the third and the fourth application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant. [0130] In some embodiments, between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Plutella xylostella, which is also known as Diamond backmoth.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l 1 -hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-l l hexadecenal, and (Z)-l 1-hexadecen-l-ol.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the consist vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. In some embodiments, a unit dose or a diffuser releases 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day and changes the behavioral response of male insects (e.g., attracting male insects) for 120 days. In some embodiments, the plants are cruciferous vegetable crops, such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, collard, kale, kohlrabi, mustard, radish, turnip, and watercress.
  • the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition in a first application, wherein the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil, with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application immediately after transplantation.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application, wherein the semiochemical composition is applied on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooked to the leaf, or sticked to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 30 to about 60 days after the first application.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Lobesia botrana, which is also known as grapevine moth.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (E,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl Acetate and (E)-7-Dodecenyl Acetate.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consist vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. In some embodiments, a unit dose or a diffuser releases 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day and changes the behavioral response of male insects (e.g., attracting male insects) for 120 days. In some embodiments, the plants are vegetable or fruit crops, such as berries or grapes.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application at about 6 inches below r the height of the plant on the axil of stem, and before flowering.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 6 inches below plant height and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g; , 60 days) after the first application.
  • the second application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Cydia pomonella, which is also known as coding moth.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (E,E) ⁇ 8, 10- Dodecadi en- l-ol, Dodecanol, and Tetradecanol.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consist vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. In some embodiments, a unit dose or a diffuser releases 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day and changes the behavioral response of male insects (e.g., attracting male insects) for 120 days. In some embodiments, the plants are vegetable or fruit crops, such as apples and pears.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application as high as possible, and before flowering. Tn some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application as high as possible, and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., 60 days) after the first application. In some embodiments, the first and second application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • the pest is Thaiimatotibia leucotreta, which is also known as false codling moth.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises E-8- Dodecen-l-yl acetate and Z-8-dodecenyl acetate.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consists vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application as high as possible, and before flowering.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application as high as possible, and about 30 to about 60 days ⁇ e.g., 60 days) after the first application.
  • the first and second application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. In some embodiments, a unit dose or a diffuser releases 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day and changes the behavioral response of male insects (e.g., attracting male insects) for 120 days.
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops, such as citrus, dates, figs, carob, oranges, and pomegranates.
  • the pest is Phyllocnistis citrella, which is also known as citrus leaf miner.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises 7Z,11Z,13E - Hexadecatri enal and 7Z,11 Z-Hexadecadienal.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consists vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap . In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. Wherein every day the diffuser shows behavioral response of attracting male insect for 120 days and releases about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, the plants are vegetable or fruit crops, such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, limes, grapefruit, kumquat and calamondin.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application as high as possible, and one week before flowering. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application as high as possible, and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., 60 days) after the first application. In some embodiments, the first and second application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Uelicoverpa zea, which is also known as com ear worm.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l 1-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-hexadecenal.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consists vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day.
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops, such as corn, tomato, artichoke, asparagus, cabbage, cantaloupe, collard, cowpea, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, lima bean, melon, okra, pea, pepper, potato, pumpkin, snap bean, spinach, squash, sweet potato, and watermelon.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application in the axil of leaf, for example, in the axil of the 7 th leaf, and about 30 to 60 days after transplantation (e.g., 30 days). In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application at V7 stage of the crop.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application in the axil of leaf, for example, in the axil of any of the 10 m , 11' 11 , or 12 th leaf, or any combination thereof and about 30 to 60 days after transplantation (e.g., 30 days) after the first application.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application in the axil of leaf and about V10 to V12 stage.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Scirpophaga incertulas, which is also known as Rice Yellow Stem Borer.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l l- hexadecenal, and (Z)-9-hexadecenal.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consists vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about O.lmg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. Wherein every day the diffuser shows behavioral response of attracting male insect. . In some embodiments, the plants are rice, maize and sugarcane.
  • the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition directly on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plant, hooking the composition to the leaf, or sticking the composition to the leaf.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied immediately after transplantation.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Chilo infuscatellus , which is also known as Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l l- hexadecenol.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consists vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. Wherein every day the diffuser shows behavioral response of attracting male insect for 120 days. Tn some embodiments, the plants are crops such as sugarcane, corn, rice, sorghum, and Sudan grass.
  • the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition in a first application, wherein the semiochemical composition is directly applied on soil with a support system in the vicinity of the plantation.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application immediately after plantation.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application in the axil of leaf 6 inches below the crop canopy.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., 30 days) after the first application.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, which is also known as Sugarcane Internode borer.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (Z)-l 3- octadecenyl acetate and (Z)-13- octadecen-l-ol.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consist vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release enough to attract the moths when placed in trap. In some embodiments, a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release semiochemical from 90 to 120 days. Wherein every day the diffuser show’s behavioral response of attracting male insect for 120 days. In some embodiments, the plants are crops such as sugarcane, com, rice, sorghum, and sudangrass. [0168] In some embodiments, the method comprises applying the semiochemical composition in a first application in the axil of leaf about 60 clays after plantation.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Amyelois transitella, which is also known as navel orange worm.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises Z11,Z13- Hexadecenal, Z11,Z13 ⁇ 16OH, and Z3,Z6,Z9,Z12,Z15-23Hy.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consists vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day.
  • the plants are walnuts, almonds, pistachios and figs.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application as high as possible, and before flowering. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application as high as possible, and about 30 to about 60 days (e.g., 60 days) after the first application. In some embodiments, the first and second application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the pest is Pianococcus ficus, which is also known as citrus leaf miner.
  • the semiochemical composition comprises (S)-(-r) Lavanulyl senecioate.
  • the semiochemical composition is (a) the gel consist vegetable oils and waxes; (b) the tablet contains nanoporous materials; (c) the paper that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants; or (d) the cloth that comprises microcapsules and can be affixed to the plants, as described herein.
  • a unit dose of the semiochemical composition can release about 0.01 mg to about 0.1 mg of semiochemical per day.
  • the plants are vegetable or fruit crops, such as apple, beet, potato, walnut and willow.
  • the semiochemical composition is applied in a first application in the axil of stem and after pruning and one w r eek before flowering. In some embodiments, the semiochemical composition is applied in a second application about inches below crop height and about 30 to about 60 days after the first application. In some embodiments, the second application applies the semiochemical composition by directly attaching it to the axil of stem of the plant, the stem of the plant, or any support system in the vicinity of the plant.
  • between about 100 to about 10000, such as about 300 to about 800, or about 400 unit doses of the semiochemical composition are applied per acre per application.
  • the method provided herein decreases (i) the average number of adult insect pests over the single or multiple applications; or (ii) the overall damage to the plants in the field, as compared to plants in a field in which the semiochemical composition has not been applied. In some embodiments, the method provided herein decreases (i) the average number of adult insect pests over the single or multiple applications; or (ii) the overall damage to the plants in the field, by at least 5%, for example, at least any of 7%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%.
  • the method provided herein decreases the average number of adult insect pests over the single or multiple applications by at least 5%, for example, at least any of 7%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%, as compared to plants in a field in which the semiochemical composition has not been applied.
  • the term “about” indicates and encompasses an indicated value and a range above and below that value. In certain embodiments, the term “about” indicates the designated value ⁇ 10%, ⁇ 5%, or ⁇ 1%. In certain embodiments, the term “about” indicates the designated value ⁇ one standard deviation of that value.
  • the controlled release pheromone dispensers i.e., tablets and gels were evaluated in the open field study to check their performance and longevity in mating disruption, reduction of insect pest and their damages on the respective crop produces.
  • the glue dispensers were applied to control of Tuta absoluta on tomato, Lucinodes orbonellis on brinjal, Spodoptera frugiperda on fall armyworm, Pectinophora gossypiella on cotton and some more pests on their respective host crops were tested and observed higher percentage mating disruption, low' pest infestation by which received higher yield without pest damage than the plots studied alone with farmers practices.
  • tablet dispenser was also studied in the field to check their efficacies in pest control through integrated pest management strategies (IPM).
  • IPM integrated pest management strategies
  • Tablet dispenser can be applied on day zero and it does not require any crop foliage for apply.
  • Tablet dispensers were applied to control Tuta absoluta, Plutella xylostella, Lucinodes orbonalis on their respective host crops with 400 unit doses with two applications. The results revealed more than 95% of mating disruption with high percent yield on their respective crops.
  • Percent leaf infestation (No. Of plants observed/ No. of plants infested) > ⁇ 100.
  • Percentage leaf damage Calculate the number of leaves infested per plant by observing 100 plants per acre. This could be assessed while assessing plant infestation.
  • Per cent leaf damage (No. of infested leaves per 100 plant/ Total no. of observed leaves per 100 plant) x 100. (iv) No.
  • Percent increase in yield :::: ( Yield in treated - Yield in control)/ (Yield in control) x 100.
  • Phytotoxicity parameters such as leaf surface injury', wilting, necrosis, epinasty' and hyponasty’ were documented at 1st, 5th, 10th & 15th day after semiochemical composition application in randomly selected 20 plants.
  • Evaluation parameters include: (i) Percent Mating disruption: Percent mating disruption was assessed based on moth catch data for individual treatments. Percentage Mating Disruption ⁇ 100- [(No. of moth catch in treated/No. of moth catch in control )* 100].
  • Total yield Total yield per acre documented .
  • Percent increase in yield (Yield in treated - yield in control)/ (Yield in control) x lOO.
  • Phytotoxicity parameters such as leaf surface injury, wilting, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty are documented at 1st, 5th, 10th & 15th day after semiochemical formulation application in randomly selected 20 plants.
  • the evaluation parameters include: (i) Percentage Mating disruption: Percent mating disruption calculated based on moth catch data for individual treatments. Percentage Mating Disruption- 100- [(No. of moth catch in treated/No. of moth catch in control) *100]. (ii) Leaf damage: Randomly 10 blocks ⁇ were selected in an acre plot and 10 plants were selected in each block (both in treatment and control), for damaged leaves among total leaves. The observations were recorded at every week interval starting from the day of transplantation. The results are expressed in percentage of damaged leaves (average results) out of total observed leaves. Percent leaf damage ⁇ (No. of damaged leaves) /' (Total No. of leaves observed) x 100.
  • No. of larvae & Egg mass per plant Randomly 10 blocks selected in an acre plot and 10 plants in each block (both in treatment and control), for number of egg mass and number of larvae in each plant were observed, the results are expressed as average number of egg mass and larvae per plant,
  • No. of larvae per cob At the R6 stage, randomly 10 blocks selected in an acre plot and 10 plants in each block (both in treatment and control), observe for no.
  • Percentage cob damage (No of damaged cobs / total no. of cobs observed) x 100.
  • Percentage cob damage At the R6 stage, randomly select 5 blocks in an acre plot and select 10 plants in each block (both in treatment and control), and observe cobs for FAW damage,
  • Evaluation parameters and observations include: (i) Traps shutdown: Observe the no. of moths in treated field which should not exceed ETL. The observations are likely to be very low moth catches far below ETL. Percentage mating disruption recorded based on moth catch data for individual treatments. Percentage Mating Disruption ⁇ 100-[(No. of moth caught in treated/No. of moth caught in Farmer’s practice)* 100]. (ii) Percent infestation and shoot/fruit damage: Randomly 10 block were selected per acre and 10 plants per block ( ⁇ 100 plants/block). Number of plants infested out of numbers of plants observed is taken into account.The number of shoot/fruits infested in each plant out of total numbers observed are calculated separately. Result are recorded as percent shoot infestation and percent fruit damage using the below formulas.
  • Percent infestation (No. Of plants observed/ No. of plants infested) * 100.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne des procédés d'utilisation de sémiochimiques pour la lutte contre des insectes nuisibles, et plus spécifiquement des procédés d'utilisation de sémiochimiques dans des champs agricoles pour une confusion sexuelle efficace chez des insectes nuisibles sur la base d'une attirance compétitive.
PCT/IN2024/051573 2023-08-29 2024-08-28 Procédé de confusion sexuelle d'insectes nuisibles à l'aide de sémiochimiques WO2025046624A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN202341057776 2023-08-29
IN202341057776 2023-08-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025046624A1 true WO2025046624A1 (fr) 2025-03-06

Family

ID=94818313

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IN2024/051573 WO2025046624A1 (fr) 2023-08-29 2024-08-28 Procédé de confusion sexuelle d'insectes nuisibles à l'aide de sémiochimiques

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025046624A1 (fr)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9894900B2 (en) Compact for insect control
US6440406B1 (en) Attractant for monitoring and control of adult scarabs
US20110229589A1 (en) Insect and plant disease control compositions and methods of use thereof
CN101861094A (zh) 植物挥发性物质
CA2662441C (fr) Insecticide non toxique contenant du cinnamaldehyde et de l'huile horticole
Mafra-Neto et al. Development of specialized pheromone and lure application technologies (SPLAT®) for management of coleopteran pests in agricultural and forest systems
NZ230627A (en) Insecticidal composition comprising a pyrethroid and a solution of monocarboxylic acid salts
Lösel et al. Laboratory and field experiments towards the development of an attract and kill strategy for the control of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella
JP2009545578A (ja) シメンを含む殺虫性組成物
CN105994213A (zh) 一种昆虫诱杀装置及诱杀昆虫的方法
AU2017200488B2 (en) Fruit fly olfactory attractant composition and use thereof
CN101951758B (zh) 一种能缓释出具有引诱作用的挥发性物质来控制昆虫的可生物降解的装置
US11737459B2 (en) Use of nootkatone to kill sap-sucking insects
EP0079668B1 (fr) Produit pesticide, l'emploi et la fabrication de celui
WO2011151766A2 (fr) Compositions pour lutter contre des maladies chez les insectes et les plantes et procédés d'utilisation correspondants
WO2025046624A1 (fr) Procédé de confusion sexuelle d'insectes nuisibles à l'aide de sémiochimiques
WO2004026033A1 (fr) Pesticides pour les plantes et leurs utilisations
US20120039979A1 (en) Insect control substance that can be applied to a surface
WO2024011164A1 (fr) Composition et procédés de gestion et de lutte contre les insectes hémiptères
US20250098673A1 (en) Compositions, means and methods for a novel insect repellent
US6589521B1 (en) Sex attractant and mating disruptant for the omniverous leafroller and orange tortrix moth
US10251402B2 (en) Methods and compositions for controlling leaf-cutting ant populations
WO2007129426A1 (fr) Article en forme de colonne pour stimuler la croissance des plantes ou pour les protéger
Naher Integrated management of two-spotted spider mite infesting beans
AU2002331417B2 (en) Synthetic fruitpiercing moth attractant