WO2025011656A1 - Anticoronviral compounds and compositions and uses thereof - Google Patents
Anticoronviral compounds and compositions and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025011656A1 WO2025011656A1 PCT/CN2024/105306 CN2024105306W WO2025011656A1 WO 2025011656 A1 WO2025011656 A1 WO 2025011656A1 CN 2024105306 W CN2024105306 W CN 2024105306W WO 2025011656 A1 WO2025011656 A1 WO 2025011656A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- alkyl
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- cycloalkyl
- Prior art date
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- QMLQPHUSDUODMB-MFQMBSFASA-N vir-576 Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)CSSC1 QMLQPHUSDUODMB-MFQMBSFASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N zanamivir Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](N=C(N)N)C=C(C(O)=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO ARAIBEBZBOPLMB-UFGQHTETSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGPGQDLTDHGEGT-JCIKCJKQSA-N zeven Chemical compound C=1C([C@@H]2C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C3=CC(O)=C4)C(=O)NCCCN(C)C)=O)[C@H](O)C5=CC=C(C(=C5)Cl)OC=5C=C6C=C(C=5O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O5)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(C)C)OC5=CC=C(C=C5)C[C@@H]5C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H]6C(=O)N2)=O)C=2C(Cl)=C(O)C=C(C=2)OC=2C(O)=CC=C(C=2)[C@H](C(N5)=O)NC)=CC=C(O)C=1C3=C4O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O KGPGQDLTDHGEGT-JCIKCJKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWLSOWXNZPKENC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zileuton Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(N(O)C(N)=O)C)=CC2=C1 MWLSOWXNZPKENC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0202—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-X-X-C(=0)-, X being an optionally substituted carbon atom or a heteroatom, e.g. beta-amino acids
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to compounds which exhibit activity in the inhibition of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treatment by administration of these compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.
- coronavirus In the past two decades, multiple varieties of coronaviruses have caused several epidemics. Amongst, the global pandemic COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus named “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ” , has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Coronavirus is highly susceptible to mutate into prevalent variants. Although various vaccines have been approved for use since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the vaccinated people are still under risk associated with the emergence of immune escape mutants. Therefore, it is important to develop anti-viral drug to combat existing and emerging coronaviruses.
- SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (CLpro; also known as “main protease” or “Mpro” ) is an attractive drug target due to its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. It cleaves two large overlapping the polyproteins ppla and pplab at more than 11 sites to yield essential nonstructural proteins required for virus replication and pathogenesis. The cleavage is facilitated by the Cys145-His41 catalytic dyad located in a cleft between domain I and domain II of 3CLpro.
- Cys145-His41 catalytic dyad and substrate binding sites are highly conserved across different varieties of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that have emerged in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Accordingly, 3CLpro inhibitors is a promising broad-spectrum antiviral for coronavirus infections and other related diseases.
- SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- Pfizer has developed two 3CLpro inhibitors PF-07304814 and PF-07321332 (Nirmatrelvir) .
- PF-07304814 exhibits rather low oral bioavailability and low tolerance against oxidase even with the addition of oxidase inhibitor.
- PF-07321332 has not overcome the issue of low tolerance against oxidase, thus requires co-administration with ritonavir tablets, an oxidase inhibitor, to be effective against SARS-CoV-2.
- the present disclosure provides compounds which are capable of inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods for the use of such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of viral infections.
- the present disclosure provides a compound having Formula (I) :
- ring A is a 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl
- ring A’ is a 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl
- X is C
- R 1 is selected from hydrogen or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano or amino;
- each R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) R a , -C (O) OR a , -C (O) N (R a ) 2 , -C (NH) N (R a ) 2 , -S (O) (NH) R a , -S (O) R a , -OR a , -S (O) 2 R a and -SR a , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more
- each R a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
- each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
- R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl
- R 5 is a warhead capable of covalently binding to a 3CL protease
- Ring B is an aryl or a heteroaryl
- each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -OR b , -C (O) R b , -S (O) 2 R b , -C (O) OR b , -OC (O) R b , -C (O) N (R b ) 2 , -C (NH) N (R a ) 2 , -S (O) R a and -N (R b ) C (O) R b , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting
- each R b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- n 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
- p 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- each X 1 is independently selected from C, N, O, or C (O) .
- the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the present disclosure provides a method for treating a viral infection in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to the subject.
- the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to a subject in need thereof.
- the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infection.
- the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, for treating a viral infection.
- linking substituents are described. It is specifically intended that each linking substituent includes both the forward and backward forms of the linking substituent.
- -NR (CR’R”) -includes both -NR (CR’R”) -and - (CR’R”) NR-.
- the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group.
- any variable e.g., R i
- its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
- R i the definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
- the group may optionally be substituted with up to two R i moieties and R i at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of R i .
- combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
- C i-j indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e. i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i.
- C 1-6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms.
- the term “C 1-12 ” indicates 1 to 12, particularly 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 8, particularly 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- alkyl refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described below.
- C i-j alkyl refers to an alkyl having i to j carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups contain 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- C 1-10 alkyl examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl.
- C 1-6 alkyl are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like.
- alkenyl refers to linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations.
- alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms.
- alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms.
- alkenyl group include, but are not limited to, ethylenyl (or vinyl) , propenyl (allyl) , butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2 buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, and the like.
- alkoxyl refers to an alkyl group attached to oxygen (-O-alkyl) .
- alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- Example of alkoxyl group include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and the like.
- alkynyl refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
- alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms.
- alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms.
- alkynyl group include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, and the like.
- amino refers to —NH 2 group. Amino groups may also be substituted with one or more groups such as alkyl, aryl, carbonyl or other amino groups.
- aryl refers to monocyclic and polycyclic ring systems having a total of 5 to 20 ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 12 ring members.
- aryl include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents. Also included within the scope of the term “aryl” , as it is used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more additional rings.
- polycyclic ring system In the case of polycyclic ring system, only one of the rings needs to be aromatic (e.g., 2, 3-dihydroindole) , although all of the rings may be aromatic (e.g., quinoline) .
- the additional rings can be fused, bridged or spiro ring system.
- polycyclic aryl include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
- Aryl groups can be substituted at one or more ring positions with substituents as described above.
- cycloalkyl refers to a monovalent non-aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic and polycyclic ring system, in which all the ring atoms are carbon and which contains at least three ring forming carbon atoms.
- the cycloalkyl may contain 3 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms.
- Cycloalkyl groups may be saturated or partially unsaturated. Cycloalkyl groups may be substituted. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be a saturated cyclic alkyl group. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be a partially unsaturated cyclic alkyl group that contains at least one double bond or triple bond in its ring system. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- examples of cycloalkyl group include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl.
- cycloalkyl group can be fused, bridged or spiro ring system
- examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl group include, but are not limited to, adamantyl, norbornyl, fluorenyl, spiro-pentadienyl, spiro [3.6] -decanyl, bicyclo [1, 1, 1] pentenyl, bicyclo [2, 2, 1] heptenyl, and the like.
- cyano refers to —CN.
- halogen refers to an atom selected from fluorine (or fluoro) , chlorine (or chloro) , bromine (or bromo) and iodine (or iodo) .
- haloalkyl refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more halogens.
- the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include, but not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, dibromomethyl, tribromomethyl and tetrafluoroethyl.
- heteroatom refers to nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen (including N-oxides) .
- heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, S, P or Si.
- the heteroalkyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
- heteroalkyl encompasses alkoxy and heteroalkoxy radicals.
- heteroalkenyl refers to an alkenyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, S, P or Si.
- the heteroalkenyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
- heteroalkynyl refers to an alkynyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, S, P or Si.
- the heteroalkynyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
- heteroaryl refers to an aryl group having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more heteroatoms.
- the heteroaryl group can be monocyclic. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzofuranyl and pteridinyl.
- the heteroaryl group also includes polycyclic groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring.
- polycyclic heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, benzo [1, 3] dioxolyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, dihydroquinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl
- heterocyclyl refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl group in which one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and the like, the remaining ring atoms being carbon, wherein one or more ring atoms may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents.
- the heterocyclyl is a saturated heterocyclyl.
- the heterocyclyl is a partially unsaturated heterocyclyl having one or more double bonds in its ring system.
- the heterocyclyl may contains any oxidized form of carbon, nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
- Heterocyclyl also includes radicals wherein the heterocyclyl radicals are fused with a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated (i.e., aromatic) carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- the fused, spiro and bridged ring systems are also included within the scope of this definition.
- the heterocyclyl radical may be carbon linked or nitrogen linked where such is possible.
- the heterocycle is carbon linked.
- the heterocycle is nitrogen linked.
- a group derived from pyrrole may be pyrrol-1-yl (nitrogen linked) or pyrrol-3-yl (carbon linked) .
- a group derived from imidazole may be imidazol-1-yl (nitrogen linked) or imidazol-3-yl (carbon linked) .
- 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl refers to a 3-to 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic ring system having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
- monocyclic heterocyclyl examples include, but are not limited to oxetanyl, 1, 1-dioxothietanylpyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, pyridonyl, pyrimidonyl, pyrazinonyl, pyrimidonyl, pyridazonyl, pyrrolidinyl, triazinonyl, and the like.
- fused heterocyclyl examples include, but are not limited to, phenyl fused ring or pyridinyl fused ring, such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolizinyl, quinazolinyl, azaindolizinyl, pteridinyl, chromenyl, isochromenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, carbazolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenanthridinyl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, [1, 2, 4] triazolo [4, 3-a
- spiro heterocyclyl examples include, but are not limited to, spiropyranyl, spirooxazinyl, and the like.
- bridged heterocyclyl examples include, but are not limited to, morphanyl, hexamethylenetetraminyl, 3-aza-bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, 8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 1-aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , and the like.
- hydroxyl refers to —OH.
- partially unsaturated refers to a radical that includes at least one double or triple bond.
- partially unsaturated is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (i.e., fully unsaturated) moieties.
- substitution or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.
- an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted” , references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to an “aryl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants.
- the present disclosure provides novel compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, synthetic methods for making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and various uses of the disclosed compounds.
- the present disclosure provides a compound having Formula (I) :
- ring A is a 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl
- ring A’ is a 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl
- X is C
- R 1 is selected from hydrogen or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano or amino;
- each R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) R a , -C (O) OR a , - C (O) N (R a ) 2 , -C (NH) N (R a ) 2 , -S (O) (NH) R a , -S (O) R a , -OR a , -S (O) 2 R a and -SR a , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more
- each R a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
- each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
- R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl
- R 5 is a warhead capable of covalently binding to a 3CL protease
- Ring B is an aryl or a heteroaryl
- each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -OR b , -C (O) R b , -S (O) 2 R b , -C (O) OR b , -OC (O) R b , -C (O) N (R b ) 2 , -C (NH) N (R a ) 2 , -S (O) R a and -N (R b C (O) R b , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of
- each R b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- n 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
- p 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
- the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (Ia) or (Ib) :
- each X 1 is independently selected from C, N, O, or C (O) .
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 0 or 1.
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 0. In certain embodiments, is selected from
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 1. In certain embodiments, is selected from the group consisting of:
- each X 1 is independently selected from C, N or O
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O)
- i is 0 or 1.
- each X 1 is independently selected from C, N or O
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O)
- i is 1.
- R 1 is hydrogen
- R 1 is alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, or C 1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is methyl or ethyl.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxo, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) R a , -C (O) OR a , -C (O) N (R a ) 2 , -C (NH) N (R a ) 2 , -S (O) (NH) R a , -S (O) R a , -S (O) 2 R a , -OR a , and -SR a , wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl.
- R 2 is alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl or cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-3 alkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl or cycloalkyl.
- R 2 is selected from
- R 2 is heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R 2 is C 1-6 heteroalkyl, C 1-5 heteroalkyl, C 1-4 heteroalkyl or C 1-3 heteroalkyl.
- R 2 is
- R 2 is cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- R 2 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-9 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or C 3-5 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo [3.1.0] hexyl, and spiro [2.5] octanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 2 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo or alkyl.
- R 2 is 5-12 membered heterocyclyl, 5-11 membered heterocyclyl, 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, 5-9 membered heterocyclyl, 5-8 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-7 membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo or alkyl.
- R 2 is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo or alkyl.
- R 2 is
- R 2 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- R 2 is C 6-12 aryl, C 6-11 aryl, C 6-10 aryl, C 6-9 aryl, or C 6-8 aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- R 2 is phenyl or naphthyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, or alkyl.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 2 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- R 2 is 5-12 membered heteroaryl, 5-11 membered heteroaryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 5-9 membered heteroaryl, 5-8 membered heteroaryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- R 2 is selected from pyridinyl, quinolinyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoimidazolyl or benzothiazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 2 is -C (O) R a , -C (O) OR a , -C (O) N (R a ) 2 , -C (NH) N (R a ) 2 , -S (O) (NH) R a , -S (O) R a or -S (O) 2 R a .
- R a is independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl optionally substituted with one or more halogen or alkyl.
- R 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 2 is -OR a or -SR a .
- R 2 is selected from
- R 4 is selected from alkyl, heteroalkyl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, or -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo or alkyl.
- R 4 is alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl.
- R 4 is C 1-10 alkyl, C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-7 alkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-5 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl, or C 1-3 alkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl.
- R 4 is selected from
- R 4 is heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl.
- R 4 is C 1-6 heteroalkyl, C 1-5 heteroalkyl, C 1-4 heteroalkyl, or C 1-3 heteroalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl.
- R 4 is
- R 4 is -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, or -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- R 4 is -C 1-6 alkyl-C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -C 1-6 alkyl- (5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl) , -C 1-6 alkyl-C 5-10 aryl, or -C 1-6 alkyl- (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl
- R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 4 is cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- R 4 is C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-9 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, or C 3-6 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 4 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino or haloalkyl.
- R 4 is phenyl
- R 5 is selected from the group consisting of:
- ring B is phenyl
- ring B is pyridyl
- R 6 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) R b , -S (O) 2 R b , -C (O) OR b , -C (O) N (R b ) 2 , -C (NH) N (R a ) 2 , -S (O) R a and -N (R b ) C (O) R b .
- R 6 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, C 6-10 aryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, -C (O) R b , -S (O) 2 R b , -C (O) OR b , -C (O) N (R b ) 2 , and -N (R b ) C (O) R b .
- R b is selected from hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halogen. In certain embodiments, R b is selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halogen.
- R 6 is selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -NH 2 , -CH 3 ,
- the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
- the compounds of present disclosure can comprise one or more asymmetric centers depending on substituent selection, and thus can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and/or diastereomers.
- the compounds provided herein may have an asymmetric carbon center, and thus compounds provided herein may have either the (R) or (S) stereo-configuration at a carbon asymmetric center. Therefore, compounds of the present disclosure may be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer or geometric isomer, or may be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers.
- the term “enantiomer” refers to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another.
- the term “diastereomer” refers to a pair of optical isomers which are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g. melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities.
- a particular enantiomer may, in some embodiments be provided substantially free of the opposite enantiomer, and may also be referred to as “optically enriched” .
- “Optically enriched” means that the compound is made up of a significantly greater proportion of one enantiomer. In certain embodiments, the compound is made up of at least about 90%by weight of a preferred enantiomer. In other embodiments, the compound is made up of at least about 95%, 98%, or 99%by weight of a preferred enantiomer.
- Preferred enantiomers may be isolated from racemic mixtures by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example by chromatography or crystallization, by the use of stereochemically uniform starting materials for the synthesis or by stereoselective synthesis.
- a derivatization can be carried out before a separation of stereoisomers.
- the separation of a mixture of stereoisomers can be carried out at an intermediate step during the synthesis of a compound provided herein or it can be done on a final racemic product.
- Absolute stereochemistry may be determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing a stereogenic center of known configuration.
- absolute stereochemistry may be determined by Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy analysis.
- VCD Vibrational Circular Dichroism
- mixtures of diastereomers for example mixtures of diastereomers enriched with 51%or more of one of the diastereomers, including for example 60%or more, 70%or more, 80%or more, or 90%or more of one of the diastereomers are provided.
- compounds provided herein may have one or more double bonds that can exist as either the Z or E isomer, unless otherwise indicated.
- the present disclosure additionally encompasses the compounds as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers, e.g., racemic mixtures of enantiomers.
- tautomer or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier.
- proton tautomers include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol, amide-imidic acid, lactam-lactim, imine-enamine isomerizations and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system (for example, 1H-and 3H-imidazole, 1H-, 2H-and 4H-1, 2, 4-triazole, 1H-and 2H-isoindole, and 1H-and 2H-pyrazole) .
- Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. Tautomers can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution.
- Compounds of the present disclosure identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
- Isotopes of an atom include atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
- hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromide or iodine in the compounds of present disclosure are meant to also include their isotopes, such as but not limited to 1 H, 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 12 C, 13 C, 14 C, 14 N, 15 N, 16 O, 17 O, 18 O, 31 P, 32 P, 32 S, 33 S, 34 S, 36 S, 17 F, 18 F, 19 F, 35 Cl, 37 Cl, 79 Br, 81 Br, 124 I, 127 I and 131 I.
- hydrogen includes protium, deuterium and tritium.
- carbon includes 12 C and 13 C.
- Isotopically-enriched compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/or intermediates.
- the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance or composition is compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the subjects being treated therewith.
- the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acids and bases of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable.
- Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate.
- acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
- acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, t-butylamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present.
- acidic functional groups such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present.
- salts can be prepared by standard techniques.
- the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution.
- the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
- an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid
- the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like.
- an inorganic or organic base such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like.
- suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
- amino acids such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine
- ammonia primary, secondary, and tertiary amines
- cyclic amines such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine
- inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
- the compounds of present disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.
- solvate or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H 2 O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
- crystal form As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which a compound (or a salt or solvate thereof) can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of the compounds can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
- the present disclosure is also intended to include all isotopes of atoms in the compounds.
- Isotopes of an atom include atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
- hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromide or iodine in the compounds of present disclosure are meant to also include their isotopes, such as but not limited to 1 H, 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 12 C, 13 C, 14 C, 14 N, 15 N, 16 O, 17 O, 18 O, 31 P, 32 P, 32 S, 33 S, 34 S, 36 S, 17 F, 18 F, 19 F, 35 Cl, 37 Cl, 79 Br, 81 Br, 124 I, 127 I and 131 I.
- hydrogen includes protium, deuterium and tritium.
- carbon includes 12 C and 13 C.
- Synthesis of the compounds provided herein, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are illustrated in the synthetic schemes in the examples.
- the compounds provided herein can be prepared using any known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any of numerous possible synthetic routes, and thus these schemes are illustrative only and are not meant to limit other possible methods that can be used to prepare the compounds provided herein. Additionally, the steps in the Schemes are for better illustration and can be changed as appropriate.
- the embodiments of the compounds in examples were synthesized for the purposes of research and potentially submission to regulatory agencies.
- the reactions for preparing compounds of the present disclosure can be carried out in suitable solvents, which can be readily selected by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis.
- suitable solvents can be substantially non-reactive with the starting materials (reactants) , the intermediates, or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g. temperatures that can range from the solvent’s freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature.
- a given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent.
- suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected by one skilled in the art.
- Preparation of compounds of the present disclosure can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups.
- the need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
- the chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed., Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York (1999) , in P. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2003, and in Peter G. M. Wuts, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 5 th Edition, Wiley, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art.
- product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g. 1 H or 13 C) , infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g. UV-visible) , mass spectrometry, or by chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS) , or thin layer chromatography (TLC) .
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- LCMS liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy
- TLC thin layer chromatography
- Compounds can be purified by one skilled in the art by a variety of methods, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ( “Preparative LC-MS Purification: Improved Compound Specific Method Optimization” Karl F. Blom, Brian Glass, Richard Sparks, Andrew P. Combs J. Combi. Chem. 2004, 6 (6) ,
- the known starting materials of the present disclosure can be synthesized by using or according to the known methods in the art, or can be purchased from commercial suppliers. Unless otherwise noted, analytical grade solvents and commercially available reagents were used without further purification.
- the reactions of the present disclosure were all done under a positive pressure of nitrogen or argon or with a drying tube in anhydrous solvents, and the reaction flasks were typically fitted with rubber septa for the introduction of substrates and reagents via syringe. Glassware was oven dried and/or heat dried.
- the Examples section below shows synthetic route for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure as well as key intermediates. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the inventive compounds. Although specific starting materials and reagents are depicted, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art.
- the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are capable of inhibiting 3CL.
- the compounds of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as medicinal drugs, and particularly useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agent that are active against various viruses.
- the compounds of the present disclosure are therapeutic or prophylactic agent active against caliciviruses, picornaviruses and coronaviruses.
- beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable. “Therapy” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving it.
- Those in need of therapy include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
- the term “therapy” also encompasses prophylaxis unless there are specific indications to the contrary.
- the terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be interpreted in a corresponding manner.
- treatment is used synonymously with “therapy” .
- treat can be regarded as “applying therapy” where “therapy” is as defined herein.
- prophylaxis is intended to have its normal meaning and includes primary prophylaxis to prevent the development of the disease and secondary prophylaxis whereby the disease has already developed and the patient is temporarily or permanently protected against exacerbation or worsening of the disease or the development of new symptoms associated with the disease.
- the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treatment of viral infection.
- the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infection.
- the compounds provided herein shows high tolerance of tolerance against oxidase. This allows the compounds provided herein to resist oxidative metabolism in vivo, thereby showing greater metabolic stability, such as increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements.
- the compounds provided herein can be admininstered to a subject in need thereof without the need of co-administration of oxidase inhibitor, such as ritonavir or cobicistat.
- oxidase inhibitor such as ritonavir or cobicistat.
- the compounds provided herein are administered as a raw chemical or are formulated as pharmaceutical compositions.
- compositions comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprise a compound selected from any one of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprise a first compound selected from any one of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more additional compounds of the same formula but said first compound and additional compounds are not the same molecules.
- composition refers to a formulation containing the molecules or compounds of the present disclosure in a form suitable for administration to a subject.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a molecule, compound, or composition comprising the molecule or compound to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect.
- the effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art.
- the precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject’s body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; the rate of administration; the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration; and the discretion of the prescribing physician.
- Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.
- composition comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutical acceptable excipient.
- the term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use.
- a “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used herein includes both one and more than one such excipient.
- pharmaceutically acceptable excipient also encompasses “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” and “pharmaceutically acceptable diluent” .
- Solvents are generally selected based on solvents recognized by persons skilled in the art as safe to be administered to a mammal including humans.
- safe solvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water and other non-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible in water.
- Suitable aqueous solvents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols (e.g., PEG 400, PEG 300) , etc. and mixtures thereof.
- suitable excipients may include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol) ; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, dis
- suitable excipients may include one or more stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present disclosure or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament) .
- stabilizing agents i.e., surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present disclosure or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament
- the active pharmaceutical ingredients may also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly- (methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions.
- colloidal drug delivery systems for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules
- a “liposome” is a small vesicle composed of various types of lipids, phospholipids and/or surfactant which is useful for delivery of a drug (such as the compounds disclosed herein and, optionally, a chemotherapeutic agent) to a mammal including humans.
- a drug such as the compounds disclosed herein and, optionally, a chemotherapeutic agent
- the components of the liposome are commonly arranged in a bilayer formation, similar to the lipid arrangement of biological membranes.
- compositions provided herein can be in any form that allows for the composition to be administered to a subject, including, but not limited to a human, and formulated to be compatible with an intended route of administration.
- compositions provided herein may be supplied in bulk or in unit dosage form depending on the intended administration route.
- powders, suspensions, granules, tablets (such as orodispersible tablets or orally disintegrating tablets) pills, oral soluble films, capsules, gelcaps, and caplets may be acceptable as solid dosage forms
- emulsions, syrups, elixirs, suspensions, and solutions may be acceptable as liquid dosage forms.
- emulsions and suspensions may be acceptable as liquid dosage forms, and a powder suitable for reconstitution with an appropriate solution as solid dosage forms.
- solutions, sprays, dry powders, and aerosols may be acceptable dosage form.
- powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, and patches may be acceptable dosage form.
- pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams and spray may be acceptable dosage form.
- the quantity of active ingredient in a unit dosage form of composition is a therapeutically effective amount and is varied according to the particular treatment involved.
- therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount of a molecule, compound, or composition comprising the molecule or compound to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art.
- the precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject’s body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; the rate of administration; the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration; and the discretion of the prescribing physician.
- Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.
- compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for oral administration.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of tablet formulations.
- suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients for a tablet formulation include, for example, inert diluents such as lactose, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate, granulating and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or algenic acid; binding agents such as starch; lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc; preservative agents such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and anti-oxidants, such as ascorbic acid.
- Tablet formulations may be uncoated or coated either to modify their disintegration and the subsequent absorption of the active ingredient within the gastrointestinal tract, or to improve their stability and/or appearance, in either case using conventional coating agents and procedures well known in the art.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of hard gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
- an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
- water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of aqueous suspensions, which generally contain the active ingredient in finely powdered form together with one or more suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents such as lecithin or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids (for example polyoxethylene stearate) , or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
- suspending agents such as sodium
- the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives (such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, anti-oxidants (such as ascorbic acid) , coloring agents, flavoring agents, and/or sweetening agents (such as sucrose, saccharine or aspartame) .
- preservatives such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, anti-oxidants (such as ascorbic acid) , coloring agents, flavoring agents, and/or sweetening agents (such as sucrose, saccharine or aspartame) .
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of oily suspensions, which generally contain suspended active ingredient in a vegetable oil (such as arachis oil, castor oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil) or in a mineral oil (such as liquid paraffin) .
- the oily suspensions may also contain a thickening agent such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set out above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation.
- These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
- the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, such as for example liquid paraffin or a mixture of any of these.
- Suitable emulsifying agents may be, for example, naturally-occurring gums such as gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides such as soya bean, lecithin, esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides (for example sorbitan monooleate) and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
- the emulsions may also contain sweetening, flavoring and preservative agents.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be in the form of syrups and elixirs, which may contain sweetening agents such as glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, aspartame or sucrose, a demulcent, a preservative, a flavoring and/or coloring agent.
- sweetening agents such as glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, aspartame or sucrose, a demulcent, a preservative, a flavoring and/or coloring agent.
- compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for injection administration.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
- a sterile injectable preparation such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
- This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents, which have been mentioned above.
- the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol or prepared as a lyophilized powder.
- a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent such as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol or prepared as a lyophilized powder.
- acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
- sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
- any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono-or diglycerides.
- fatty acids such as oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation of injectables.
- compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for inhalation administration.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of aqueous and nonaqueous (e.g., in a fluorocarbon propellant) aerosols containing any appropriate solvents and optionally other compounds such as, but not limited to, stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, pH modifiers, surfactants, bioavailability modifiers and combinations of these.
- the carriers and stabilizers vary with the requirements of the particular compound, but typically include nonionic surfactants (Tweens, Pluronics, or polyethylene glycol) , innocuous proteins like serum albumin, sorbitan esters, oleic acid, lecithin, amino acids such as glycine, buffers, salts, sugars or sugar alcohols.
- compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for topical or transdermal administration.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be in the form of creams, ointments, gels and aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions, which may generally be obtained by formulating an active ingredient with a conventional, topically acceptable excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.
- a conventional, topically acceptable excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.
- compositions provided herein may be formulated in the form of transdermal skin patches that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- excipients and carriers are generally known to those skilled in the art and are thus included in the present disclosure.
- excipients and carriers are described, for example, in “Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences” Mack Pub. Co., New Jersey (1991) , in “Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy” , Ed. University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 21 st Edition, LWW (2005) , which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated as a unit dosage form.
- unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
- the amount of the compounds provided herein in the unit dosage form will vary depending on the condition to be treated, the subject to be treated (e.g., the age, weight, and response of the individual subject) , the particular route of administration, the actual compound administered and its relative activity, and the severity of the subject's symptoms.
- dosage levels of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be between 0.001-1000 mg/kg body weight/day, for example, 0.001-1000 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-900 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-800 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-700 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-600 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-500 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-400 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-300 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-200 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-100 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-50 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-40 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-30 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-20 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-10 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-5 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-0.5 mg/kg body weight
- dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, provided that such larger doses are first divided into several small doses for administration throughout the day.
- routes of administration and dosage regimes see Chapter 25.3 in Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board) , Pergamon Press 1990, which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are formulated for oral administration.
- the unit dosage for oral administration contains one or more compounds provided herein in an amount from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg, for example from about 5 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 15 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 20 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 25 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 30 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 40 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 50 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 60 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 70 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 80 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 90 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 200 mg to 1000 mg, from about 300 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 400 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 500 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 1 mg to 500 mg, from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, from about 50 mg to about 500 mg, from about 100 mg to about 500 mg, from about 200 mg to about 500 mg, from about 300 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 400 mg
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are formulated for oral administration in a treatment having a duration of more than 1 week, more than 2 weeks, more than 3 weeks, more than 1 month, more than 2 months, more than 3 months, more than 4 months, more than 5 months, more than 6 months, more than 7 months, more than 8 months, more than 9 months, more than 10 months, more than 11 months, more than 1 year or even longer.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are formulated for parenteral administration, e.g., administered intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly via injection.
- the unit dosage for parenteral administration contains one or more compounds provided herein in an amount from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg of one or more compounds provided herein, for example from about 0.2 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.3 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.4 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 500 mg, from about 1 mg to about 500 mg, from about 5 mg to about 500 mg, from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, from about 20 mg to about 500 mg, from about 30 mg to about 500 mg, from about 40 mg to about 500 mg, from about 50 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 400 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 300 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 90 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 80 mg, from about 0.5
- the pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered by injection can be prepared by combining one or more compounds of the present disclosure with sterile, distilled water, sesame or peanut oil, aqueous propylene glycol, so as to form a solution.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a surfactant or other solubilizing excipient that is added to facilitate the formation of a homogeneous solution or suspension.
- the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise one or more additional agents selected from the group consisting of a wetting agent, a suspending agent, a preservative, a buffer, and an isotonizing agent.
- the pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered by injection can be administered with a syringe.
- the syringe is disposable. In some embodiments, the syringe is reusable. In some embodiments, the syringe is pre-filled with the pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
- compositions comprising one or more molecules or compounds of the present disclosure or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a veterinary carrier.
- Veterinary carriers are materials useful for the purpose of administering the composition and may be solid, liquid or gaseous materials which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary art and are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinary compositions may be administered parenterally, orally or by any other desired route.
- an article for distribution can include a container having deposited therein the compositions in an appropriate form.
- suitable containers are well known to those skilled in the art and include materials such as bottles (plastic and glass) , sachets, ampoules, plastic bags, metal cylinders, and the like.
- the container may also include a tamper-proof assemblage to prevent indiscreet access to the contents of the package.
- the container has deposited thereon a label that describes the contents of the container. The label may also include appropriate warnings.
- compositions may also be packaged in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water, for injection immediately prior to use.
- sterile liquid carrier for example water
- Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions are prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
- compositions comprise one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a first active ingredient, and a second active ingredient.
- the second active ingredient has complementary activities to the compound provided herein such that they do not adversely affect each other.
- Such ingredients are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
- the second active ingredient can be an antibiotic, a protease inhibitor, an anti-viral agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulatory agent, a kinase inhibitor, an anti-metabolite agent, a lysosomotropic agent, a M2 proton channel blocker, a polymerase inhibitor (e.g., EIDD-2801) , a neuraminidase inhibitor, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, a viral entry inhibitor, an integrase inhibitor, interferons (e.g., types I, II, and III) , or a nucleoside analogue.
- a polymerase inhibitor e.g., EIDD-2801
- a neuraminidase inhibitor e.g., a reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- a viral entry inhibitor e.g., an integrase inhibitor, interferons (e.g., types I, II, and III)
- interferons e.g
- the second active ingredient is an antibiotic.
- the antibiotic can be selected from the group consisting of a penicillin antibiotic, a quinolone antibiotic, a tetracycline antibiotic, a macrolide antibiotic, a lincosamide antibiotic, a cephalosporin antibiotic, or an RNA synthetase inhibitor.
- the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of azithromycin, vancomycin, metronidazole, gentamicin, colistin, fidaxomicin, telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancin, daptomycin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefprozil, ceftobiprole, cipro, Levaquin, floxin, tequin, avelox, norflox, tetracycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin V, dicloxacillin, carbenicillin, methicillin, ertapenem, doripenem, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, amikacin, kanamycin, ne
- the second active ingredient can be a protease inhibitor.
- the protease inhibitor can be selected from the group consisting of nafamostat, camostat, gabexate, epsilon-aminocapronic acid, aprotinin, amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, nirmatrelvir, Ensitrelvir, EDP-235, PBI-0451, ritonavir, and saquinavir.
- the second active ingredient can be an anti-viral agent.
- the anti-viral agent can be selected from the group consisting of ribavirin, favipiravir, ST-193, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, danoprevir, ritonavir, remdesivir, cobicistat, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, abacavir, dolutegravir, efavirenz, elbasvir, ledipasvir, glecaprevir, sofosbuvir, bictegravir, dasabuvir, lamivudine, atazanavir, ombitasvir, lamivudine, stavudine, nevirapine, rilpivirine, paritaprevir, sime
- the second active ingredient can be an anti-inflammatory agent.
- the anti-inflammatory agent can be selected from the group consisting of anti-histamines, corticosteroids, (e.g., fluticasone propionate, fluticasone furoate, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, ciclesonide, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone, flunisolide) , NSAIDs, leukotriene modulators (e.g., montelukast, zafirlukast.
- pranlukast tryptase inhibitors, IKK2 inhibitors, p38 inhibitors, Syk inhibitors, protease inhibitors such as elastase inhibitors, integrin antagonists (e.g., beta-2 integrin antagonists) , adenosine A2a agonists, mediator release inhibitors such as sodium chromoglycate, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (zyflo) , DPI antagonists, DP2 antagonists, PI3K delta inhibitors, GGK inhibitors, LP (lysophosphatidic) inhibitors or FLAP (5-lipoxygenase activating protein) inhibitors, bronchodilators (e.g...
- muscarinic antagonists beta-2 agonists
- methotrexate and similar agents
- monoclonal antibody therapy such as anti-lgE, anti-TNF, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-6, anti-IL-12, anti-IL-1 and similar agents
- cytokine receptor therapies e.g. etanercept and similar agents
- antigen non-specific immunotherapies e.g.
- cytokines/chemokines interferon or other cytokines/chemokines, chemokine receptor modulators such as CCR3, CCR4 or CXCR2 antagonists, other cytokine/chemokine agonists or antagonists, TLR agonists and similar agents
- suitable anti-infective agents including antibiotic agents, antifungal agents, anthelmintic agents, antimalarial agents, antiprotozoal agents and antituberculosis agents.
- the second active ingredient can be an immunomodulatory agent.
- the immunomodulatory agent can be selected from the group consisting of anti-PD-1 or anti-PDL-1 therapeutics including pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, BMS-936559, or avelumab, anti-TIM3 (anti-HAVcr2) therapeutics including but not limited to TSR-022 or MBG453, anti-LAG3 therapeutics including but not limited to relatlimab, LAG525, or TSR-033, anti-4-1BB (anti-CD37, anti-TNFRSF9) , CD40 agonist therapeutics including but not limited to SGN-40, CP-870, 893 or R07009789, anti-CD47 therapeutics including but not limited to Hu5F9-G4, anti-CD20 therapeutics, anti-CD38 therapeutics, STING agonists including but not limited to ADU-S100, MK-1454, ASA404, or amidobenz
- the additional therapeutic agent is a p2-adrenoreceptor agonist including, but not limited to, vilanterol, salmeterol, salbutamol, formoterol, salmefamol, fenoterol carmoterol, etanterol, naminterol, clenbuterol, pirbuterol, flerbuterol, reproterol, bambuterol, indacaterol, terbutaline and salts thereof, for example the xinafoate (1-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate) salt of salmeterol, the sulphate salt of salbutamol or the fumarate salt of formoterol.
- a p2-adrenoreceptor agonist including, but not limited to, vilanterol, salmeterol, salbutamol, formoterol, salmefamol, fenoterol carmoterol, etanterol, naminterol, clenbuterol,
- the second active ingredient can be a kinase inhibitor.
- the kinase inhibitor can be selected from the group consisting of erlotinib, gefitinib, neratinib, afatinib, osimertinib, lapatanib, crizotinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, alectinib, lorlatinib, everolimus, temsirolimus, abemaciclib, LEE011, palbociclib, cabozantinib, sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, regorafenib, sunitinib, axitinib, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, ponatinib, idelalisib, ibrutinib, Loxo 292, larotrectinib, and quizartinib
- the present disclosure provides a method for treating a viral infection in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of any compound described herein.
- the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of an RNA virus, a DNA virus, a coronavirus, a papillomavirus, a pneumovirus, a picornavirus, an influenza virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, a polyomavirus, a poxvirus, a rhinovirous, a norovirus, a flavivirus, an alphavirus, an ebola virus, a morbillivirus, an enterovirus, an orthopneumovirus, a lentivirus, arenovirus, a herpes virus, and a hepatovirus.
- a virus selected from the group consisting of an RNA virus, a DNA virus, a coronavirus, a papillomavirus, a pneumovirus, a picornavirus, an influenza virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, a polyomavirus, a pox
- the viral infection is from an RNA virus.
- the RNA virus is a single stranded or double stranded RNA virus.
- the RNA virus is a positive sense RNA virus or a negative sense RNA virus or an ambisense RNA virus.
- the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Retroviridae virus, Lentiviridae virus, Coronaviridae virus, Picornaviridae virus, Caliciviridae virus, Flaviviridae virus, Togaviridae virus, Bomaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Pneumoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Deltavirus.
- the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Coronavirus, HIV, SARS, Poliovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A, Norwalk virus, Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Hepatitis C virus, Dengue fever virus, Zika virus, Rubella virus, Ross River virus, Sindbis virus, Chikungunya virus, Boma disease virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Measles virus, Mumps virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Newcastle disease virus, Human respiratory syncytial virus, Rabies virus, Lassa virus, Hantavirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Influenza, Respiratory syncytial virus, Feline coronavirus and Hepatitis D virus.
- a virus selected from the group consisting of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Coronavirus, HIV, SARS, Poliovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A
- the viral infection is from a DNA virus.
- the DNA virus is a single stranded or double stranded DNA virus.
- the DNA virus is a positive sense DNA virus or a negative sense DNA virus or an ambisense DNA virus.
- the virus is a Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Alloherpesviridae, Herpesviridae (including human herpes virus, and Varicella Zozter virus) , Malocoherpesviridae, Lipothrixviridae, Rudiviridae, Adenoviridae, Ampullaviridae, Ascoviridae, Asfarviridae (including African swine fever virus) , Baculoviridae, Cicaudaviridae, Clavaviridae, Corticoviridae, Fuselloviridae, Globuloviridae, Guttaviridae, Hytrosaviridae, Iridoviridae, Maseilleviridae, Mimiviridae, Nudiviridae, Nimaviridae, Pandoraviridae, Papillomaviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Plasmavi
- the viral infection is a coronavirus infection.
- the viral infection is a coronavirus selected from the group consisting of 229E alpha coronavirus, NL63 alpha coronavirus, OC43 beta coronavirus, HKU1 beta coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) , severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) , and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) .
- the viral infection is SARS-CoV-2.
- the viral infection is from a virus selected from a virus selected from the group consisting of caliciviruses, MD145, murine norovirus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus, abbit hemorrhagic disease virus, porcine teschovirus, bovine coronavirus, feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) , feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) , EV-68 virus, EV-71 virus, poliovirus, norovirus, human rhinovirus (HRV) , hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) .
- the viral infection is an arenovirus infection.
- the arenovirus is selected from the group consisting of : Junin virus, Lassa virus, Lujo virus, Machupo virus, and Sabia virus.
- the viral infection is influenza infection.
- the influenza is influenza H1N1, H3N2 or H5N1.
- methods described herein may inhibit viral replication transmission, replication, assembly, or release, or minimize expression of viral proteins.
- described herein is a method of inhibiting transmission of a virus, a method of inhibiting viral replication, a method of minimizing expression of viral proteins, or a method of inhibiting vims release, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient suffering from the virus, and/or contacting an effective amount of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a virally infected cell.
- methods described herein do not comprise administrating oxidase inhibitor to the subject. In certain embodiments, methods described herein do not comprise administrating ritonavir or cobicistat in combination with any compounds described herein.
- the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administrating an effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition provided herein to the subject.
- the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with PE, and dried in vacuum to give s3-2 (1.6 g, 49%) as a white solid.
- s4-1 (3.0 g, 23.2 mmol) in H 2 O (50 mL) was added HBr (20 ml) . Then stirred at 25°C until clear. NaNO 2 (1.92 g, 27.8 mmol) in H 2 O (50 mL) was added to the above solution at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 16 hrs. TLC showed s4-1 was consumed completely, and one new spot was detected. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL ⁇ 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give s4-2 (3.9 g, 87%) as a colorless liquid.
- Compound 36a a white solid.
- reaction mixture was diluted with EA (50 mL) , washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under vacuum.
- the residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0 ⁇ 20%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether, gradient @40 mL/min) to give 32-2 (450 mg, 87%) as a yellow oil.
- the crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (column: Boston Prime C18 150*30mm*5um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 41%-81%, 9min) to give 40a (179.6 mg, 27%) as a white soild.
- Compound 7 was made from compound 7a.
- Compound 7 was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 7-P1 and 7-P2.
- Compound 9 was made from compound 9a.
- Compound 27 was made from compound 27a.
- Compound 27 was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 27-P1 and 27-P2.
- Compound 36 was made from compound 36a, and was purified by pre-HPLC to give Compounds 36-P1 (15.1 mg) and 36-P2 (2.3 mg) .
- Compound 37 was made from compound 37a and s1, and was purified by pre-HPLC to give Compounds 37-P1 and 37-P2.
- Compound 39 was made from compound 39a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 39-P1 and 39-P2.
- Compound 40 was made from compound 40a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 40-P1 and 40-P2.
- Compound 28 was made from compound 28a.
- Compound 32 was made from compound 32a.
- Compound 38 was made from compound 38a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC and rep-HPLC to give Compounds 38-P1 and 38-P2.
- Compound 41 was made from compound 37a and s3, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 41-P1 and 41-P2.
- Compound 46 was made from compound 46a.
- Compound 48 was made from compound 48a.
- Compound 49 was made from compound 49a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 49-P1 and 49-P2.
- Compound 50 was made from compound 50a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 50-P1 and 50-P2.
- Compound 51 was made from compound 51a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 51-P1 and 51-P2.
- Compound 52 was made from compound 52a.
- Compound 53 was made from compound 53a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 53-P1 and 53-P2.
- Compound 54 was made from compound 54a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 54-P1 and 54-P2.
- Compound 67 was made from compound 67a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 67-P1 and 67-P2.
- Compound 68 was made from compound 68a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 68-P1 and 68-P2.
- Compound 69 was made from compound 69a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 69-P1 and 69-P2.
- reaction mixture was diluted with H 2 O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) .
- the combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue.
- the residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0 ⁇ 10%MeOH/DCM @40 mL/min) to give compound 70-4 (130 mg, 61.7%) as a white solid.
- test compounds were 3-fold serially diluted for 10 doses and added to an assay plate (384w format) using ECHO, in duplicate wells. Then 25 ⁇ L of 3CLpro protein was added to the assay plate containing compounds using a Multidrop. The mixture of compounds and 3CLpro protein were pre-incubated at room temperature 30min. Then 5 ⁇ L of substrate was added using a Multidrop. The final concentrations of 3CLpro and substrate are 25 nM and 25 ⁇ M respectively. For 100%inhibition control (HPE, hundred percent effect) , 1uM GC376 was added. For no inhibition control (ZPE, zero percent effect) , no compound is added. The final DMSO concentration is 1%.
- Each activity testing point has a relevant background control to normalize the fluorescence interference of compound.
- ZPE Zero percent effective controls. Containing enzyme + substrate, no compound. Sample: Compound activity testing wells. Containing compound + enzyme +substrate.
- BG Compound background control wells. Containing compound + substrate, no enzyme.
- IC 50 was determined from inhibition plots and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Anti-virial activity assay The Huh7 cells were seeded in 96-well plates, in 100 ⁇ l per well of assay medium, at a density of 8000 cells/well and cultured at 37 °Cand 5%CO 2 . After incubation for 24 hours, the test compounds and a positive control (Nirmatrelvir) were diluted with assay medium and then added into the cells, 50 ⁇ l per well. Then 50 ⁇ l per well of assay medium diluted virus was added. The resulting cell culture are incubated for additional 7 days until virus infection in the virus control (cells infected with virus, without compound treatment) displays significant CPE (cytopathic effects) . The CPE are measured by CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The antiviral activity of compounds is calculated based on the protection of the virus-induced CPE at each concentration normalized by the virus control.
- Inhibition (%) (Raw data CPD –Average VC) / (Average CC –Average VC) *100.
- Cytotoxicity assay The cytotoxicity of compounds is assessed under the same method as in the anti-virial activity assay, but without the step of virus infection.
- the Huh7 cell viability is measured with Cell-Titer Glo following the manufacturer’s manual.
- Raw data CPD values of the sample-treated wells.
- Average VC average value of virus control
- Average CC average value of cell control (cells without virus infection or compound treatment)
- Average MC average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
- Anti-virial activity assay The MRC5 cells were seeded in 96-well plates, in 100 ⁇ l per well of assay medium, at a density of 20000 cells/well and cultured at 37 °C and 5%CO 2 . After incubation for 24 hours, the test compounds and a positive control (Nirmatrelvir) were diluted with assay medium and then added into the cells, 50 ⁇ l per well. Then 50 ⁇ l per well of assay medium diluted virus was added. The resulting cell culture are incubated for additional 3 days until virus infection in the virus control (cells infected with virus, without compound treatment) displays significant CPE. The CPE are measured by CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The antiviral activity of compounds is calculated based on the protection of the virus-induced CPE at each concentration normalized by the virus control.
- Inhibition (%) (Raw data CPD –Average VC) / (Average CC –Average VC) *100.
- Raw data CPD values of the sample-treated wells
- Average VC average value of virus control
- Average CC average value of cell control (cells without virus infection or compound treatment)
- Average MC average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
- the in vitro anti-SARS-COV-2 activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using vero cell as follows.
- Anti-virial activity assay The vero cells were seeded in 96-well plates, in 100 ⁇ l per well of assay medium, at a density of vero cells/well and cultured at 37 °Cand 5%CO 2 . After incubation for 24 hours, the test compounds and a positive control (Nirmatrelvir) were diluted with assay medium and then added into the cells, 50 ⁇ l per well. Then 50 ⁇ l per well of assay medium diluted virus was added. The resulting cell culture are incubated for additional 3 days until virus infection in the virus control (cells infected with virus, without compound treatment) displays significant CPE. The CPE are measured by CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The antiviral activity of compounds is calculated based on the protection of the virus-induced CPE at each concentration normalized by the virus control.
- Inhibition (%) (Raw data CPD –Average VC) / (Average CC –Average VC) *100.
- Raw data CPD values of the sample-treated wells
- Average VC average value of virus control
- Average CC average value of cell control (cells without virus infection or compound treatment)
- Average MC average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
- the compounds were serially diluted in DMSO and added into 384-well plates 0.3 ⁇ l per well (8 doses, 3 fold, in duplicate wells) .
- the replicon RNA was generated in vitro transcript.
- Huh7 cells transfected with purified SARS-CoV-2 replicon RNAs were seeded 4000/well in 384 microplates containing serially diluted compounds, then cultured at 37°C and 5%CO 2 for 1 day. The final volume of the cell culture was 60 ⁇ l per well, and the final concentrations of DMSO in the test plates was 0.5%.
- Fluorescence intensity was determined using Acumen Cellista (TTP LabTech) , and the antiviral activity of compounds was calculated based on the inhibition of expression of GFP. Cell viability was measured with CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual.
- Inhibition (%) (Raw data CPD –Average ZPE) / (Average HPE –Average ZPE) *100
- Viability (%) (Raw data CPD –Average HPE) / (Average ZPE–Average HPE) *100
- Raw data CPD values of the sample-treated wells
- Average ZPE average value of virus control
- Average HPE average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
- EC 50 and CC 50 values was calculated using the GraphPad Prism software using the nonlinear regression model of log (inhibitor) vs. response --Variable slope (four parameters) .
- the working solution was diluted to 1 ⁇ M in potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.4) containing MgCl 2 (3 mM) , NADPH (1 mM) and HLM (1 mg/mL) in a final volume of 200 ⁇ L and incubated in a 37°C shaker. The incubation was performed both in absence and presence of selective CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole (1 ⁇ M) .
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Abstract
Providing are compounds which exhibit activity in the inhibition of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treatment of viral infections by administration of these compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions.
Description
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure generally relates to compounds which exhibit activity in the inhibition of 3-chymotrypsin-like protease as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treatment by administration of these compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
In the past two decades, multiple varieties of coronaviruses have caused several epidemics. Amongst, the global pandemic COVID-19, which is caused by the coronavirus named “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ” , has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Coronavirus is highly susceptible to mutate into prevalent variants. Although various vaccines have been approved for use since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the vaccinated people are still under risk associated with the emergence of immune escape mutants. Therefore, it is important to develop anti-viral drug to combat existing and emerging coronaviruses.
The coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro; also known as “main protease” or “Mpro” ) is an attractive drug target due to its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. It cleaves two large overlapping the polyproteins ppla and pplab at more than 11 sites to yield essential nonstructural proteins required for virus replication and pathogenesis. The cleavage is facilitated by the Cys145-His41 catalytic dyad located in a cleft between domain I and domain II of 3CLpro. The Cys145-His41 catalytic dyad and substrate binding sites are highly conserved across different varieties of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that have emerged in 2002 and 2012, respectively.
Accordingly, 3CLpro inhibitors is a promising broad-spectrum antiviral for coronavirus infections and other related diseases.
Pfizer has developed two 3CLpro inhibitors PF-07304814 and PF-07321332 (Nirmatrelvir) . PF-07304814 exhibits rather low oral bioavailability and low tolerance against oxidase even with the addition of oxidase inhibitor. PF-07321332 has not overcome the issue of low tolerance against oxidase, thus requires co-administration with ritonavir tablets, an oxidase inhibitor, to be effective against SARS-CoV-2.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art to develop improved compounds which exhibit inhibitory activity against 3CLpro, in particular, a 3CLpro inhibitor with good oral bioavailability and high tolerance against oxidase.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure provides compounds which are capable of inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods for the use of such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treatment of viral infections.
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having Formula (I) :
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein
ring A is a 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl;
ring A’ is a 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl;
X is C;
R1 is selected from hydrogen or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano or amino;
each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) (NH) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -ORa, -S (O) 2Ra and -SRa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl or cycloalkyl;
each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
each R3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl and alkoxyl;
R5 is a warhead capable of covalently binding to a 3CL protease;
Ring B is an aryl or a heteroaryl;
each R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORb, -C (O) Rb, -S (O) 2Rb, -C (O) ORb, -OC (O) Rb, -C (O) N (Rb) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) Ra and -N (Rb) C (O) Rb, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl and alkoxyl;
each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In a further aspect, there is provided a compound having Formula (Ia) or (Ib) :
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein
indicates a single bond or a double bond,
each X1 is independently selected from C, N, O, or C (O) .
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a viral infection in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to the subject.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to a subject in need thereof.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infection.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, for treating a viral infection.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas. While the present disclosure will be described in conjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the present disclosure to those embodiments. On the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is in no way limited to the methods and materials described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated references and similar materials differs from or contradicts this application, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, the present disclosure controls. All references, patents, patent applications cited in the present disclosure are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural forms of the same unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a compound” includes a plurality of compounds.
Definitions
Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, 2nd Edition, University Science Books, Sausalito, 2006; Smith and March March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2007; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 3rd Edition, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 2018; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
At various places in the present disclosure, linking substituents are described. It is specifically intended that each linking substituent includes both the forward and backward forms of the linking substituent. For example, -NR (CR’R”) -includes both -NR (CR’R”) -and - (CR’R”) NR-. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups.
For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group.
When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent may be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
When “*” is shown adjacent to an atom of a compound, it indicates that the compound comprises such atom as an asymmetric center that is in either (R) or (S) stereo-configuration.
When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
As used herein, the term “Ci-j” indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e. i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i. For examples, C1-6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the term “C1-12” indicates 1 to 12, particularly 1 to 10, particularly 1 to 8, particularly 1 to 6,
particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
As used herein, the term “alkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described below. The term “Ci-j alkyl” refers to an alkyl having i to j carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 9 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of “C1-10 alkyl” include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Examples of “C1-6 alkyl” are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term “alkenyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl group include, but are not limited to, ethylenyl
(or vinyl) , propenyl (allyl) , butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2 buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term “alkoxyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an alkyl group attached to oxygen (-O-alkyl) . In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 9 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 7 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Example of alkoxyl group include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and the like.
As used herein, the term “alkynyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 11 carbon atoms, 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 2 to 9 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, 2 to 7 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms, 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl group include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term “amino” refers to –NH2 group. Amino groups may also be substituted with one or more groups such as alkyl, aryl, carbonyl or other amino groups.
As used herein, the term “aryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to monocyclic and polycyclic ring systems having a total of 5 to 20 ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 12 ring members. Examples of “aryl” include, but
are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents. Also included within the scope of the term “aryl” , as it is used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more additional rings. In the case of polycyclic ring system, only one of the rings needs to be aromatic (e.g., 2, 3-dihydroindole) , although all of the rings may be aromatic (e.g., quinoline) . The additional rings can be fused, bridged or spiro ring system. Examples of polycyclic aryl include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like. Aryl groups can be substituted at one or more ring positions with substituents as described above.
As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refer to a monovalent non-aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic and polycyclic ring system, in which all the ring atoms are carbon and which contains at least three ring forming carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl may contain 3 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 12 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 9 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl groups may be saturated or partially unsaturated. Cycloalkyl groups may be substituted. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be a saturated cyclic alkyl group. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be a partially unsaturated cyclic alkyl group that contains at least one double bond or triple bond in its ring system. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In the case of monocyclic system, examples of cycloalkyl group include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl,
cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl. In the case of polycyclic system, cycloalkyl group can be fused, bridged or spiro ring system, and examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl group include, but are not limited to, adamantyl, norbornyl, fluorenyl, spiro-pentadienyl, spiro [3.6] -decanyl, bicyclo [1, 1, 1] pentenyl, bicyclo [2, 2, 1] heptenyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term “cyano” refers to –CN.
As used herein, the term “halogen” refers to an atom selected from fluorine (or fluoro) , chlorine (or chloro) , bromine (or bromo) and iodine (or iodo) .
As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more halogens. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include, but not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, dibromomethyl, tribromomethyl and tetrafluoroethyl.
As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen (including N-oxides) .
As used herein, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, S, P or Si. The heteroalkyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. The term “heteroalkyl” encompasses alkoxy and heteroalkoxy radicals.
As used herein, the term “heteroalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, S, P or Si. The heteroalkenyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the
heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
As used herein, the term “heteroalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, S, P or Si. The heteroalkynyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an aryl group having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more heteroatoms. The heteroaryl group can be monocyclic. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzofuranyl and pteridinyl. The heteroaryl group also includes polycyclic groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring. Examples of polycyclic heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, benzo [1, 3] dioxolyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, dihydroquinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term “heterocyclyl” refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclyl group in which one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and the like, the remaining ring atoms being carbon, wherein one or more ring atoms may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents. In some
embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a saturated heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl is a partially unsaturated heterocyclyl having one or more double bonds in its ring system. In some embodiments, the heterocyclyl may contains any oxidized form of carbon, nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen. “Heterocyclyl” also includes radicals wherein the heterocyclyl radicals are fused with a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated (i.e., aromatic) carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. The fused, spiro and bridged ring systems are also included within the scope of this definition. The heterocyclyl radical may be carbon linked or nitrogen linked where such is possible. In some embodiments, the heterocycle is carbon linked. In some embodiments, the heterocycle is nitrogen linked. For example, a group derived from pyrrole may be pyrrol-1-yl (nitrogen linked) or pyrrol-3-yl (carbon linked) . Further, a group derived from imidazole may be imidazol-1-yl (nitrogen linked) or imidazol-3-yl (carbon linked) .
In some embodiments, the term “3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl” refers to a 3-to 12-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic ring system having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Examples of monocyclic heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to oxetanyl, 1, 1-dioxothietanylpyrrolidyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, pyridonyl, pyrimidonyl, pyrazinonyl, pyrimidonyl, pyridazonyl, pyrrolidinyl, triazinonyl, and the like. Examples of fused heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, phenyl fused ring or pyridinyl fused ring, such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolizinyl, quinazolinyl, azaindolizinyl, pteridinyl, chromenyl, isochromenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, carbazolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenanthridinyl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, [1, 2, 4] triazolo [4, 3-a] pyridinyl, [1, 2, 3] triazolo [4, 3-a] pyridinyl groups, and the like. Examples of spiro heterocyclyl
include, but are not limited to, spiropyranyl, spirooxazinyl, and the like. Examples of bridged heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, morphanyl, hexamethylenetetraminyl, 3-aza-bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, 8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 1-aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , and the like.
As used herein, the term “hydroxyl” refers to –OH.
As used herein, the term “oxo” refers to the group (=O) or (O) .
As used herein, the term “partially unsaturated” refers to a radical that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (i.e., fully unsaturated) moieties.
As used herein, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted” , references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to an “aryl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants.
Compounds
The present disclosure provides novel compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, synthetic methods for making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and various uses of the disclosed compounds.
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having Formula (I) :
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein
ring A is a 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl;
ring A’ is a 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl;
X is C;
R1 is selected from hydrogen or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano or amino;
each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -
C (O) N (Ra) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) (NH) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -ORa, -S (O) 2Ra and -SRa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl or cycloalkyl;
each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
each R3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl and alkoxyl;
R5 is a warhead capable of covalently binding to a 3CL protease;
Ring B is an aryl or a heteroaryl;
each R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORb, -C (O) Rb, -S (O) 2Rb, -C (O) ORb, -OC (O) Rb, -C (O) N (Rb) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) Ra and -N (RbC (O) Rb, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl and alkoxyl;
each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;
m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (Ia) or (Ib) :
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein
indicates a single bond or a double bond; and
each X1 is independently selected from C, N, O, or C (O) .
In some embodiments, iswherein X2 and X3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 0 or 1.
In some embodiments, iswherein X2 and X3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 0. In certain embodiments, is selected from
In some embodiments, iswherein X2 and X3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 1. In certain embodiments, is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, iswherein each X1 is independently selected from C, N or O, X2 and X3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 0 or 1.
In certain embodiments, iswherein each X1 is independently selected from C, N or O, X2 and X3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 1.
In certain embodiments, is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, R1 is hydrogen.
In some embodiments, R1 is alkyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is methyl or ethyl.
In some embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxo, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) (NH) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra , -ORa, and -SRa, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl.
In some embodiments, R2 is alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl or cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl or C1-3 alkyl, each optionally
substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl or cycloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from
In some embodiments, R2 is heteroalkyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is C1-6 heteroalkyl, C1-5 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl or C1-3 heteroalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is
In some embodiments, R2 is cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or C3-5 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo [3.1.0] hexyl, and spiro [2.5] octanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, R2 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo or alkyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is 5-12 membered heterocyclyl, 5-11 membered heterocyclyl, 5-10 membered heterocyclyl, 5-9 membered heterocyclyl, 5-8 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-7 membered heterocyclyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo or alkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo or alkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is
In some embodiments, R2 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is C6-12 aryl, C6-11 aryl, C6-10 aryl, C6-9 aryl, or C6-8 aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is phenyl or naphthyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, or alkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, R2 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is 5-12 membered heteroaryl, 5-11 membered heteroaryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, 5-9 membered heteroaryl, 5-8 membered heteroaryl, or 5-7 membered heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from pyridinyl, quinolinyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoimidazolyl or benzothiazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, R2 is -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) (NH) Ra, -S (O) Ra or -S (O) 2Ra.
In certain embodiments, Ra is independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl optionally substituted with one or more halogen or alkyl.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, R2 is -ORa or -SRa.
In certain embodiments, R2 is selected from
In some embodiments, R4 is selected from alkyl, heteroalkyl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, or -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo or alkyl.
In certain embodiments, R4 is alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl. In certain embodiments, R4 is C1-10 alkyl, C1-9 alkyl, C1-8 alkyl, C1-7 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-3 alkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl.
In certain embodiments, R4 is selected from
In some embodiments, R4 is heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl. In certain embodiments, R4 is C1-6 heteroalkyl, C1-5 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, or C1-3 heteroalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino, or hydroxyl.
In certain embodiments, R4 is
In some embodiments, R4 is -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, or -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R4 is -C1-6 alkyl-C3-6 cycloalkyl, -C1-6 alkyl- (5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl) , -C1-6 alkyl-C5-10 aryl, or -C1-6 alkyl- (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl
In certain embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, R4 is cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R4 is C3-10 cycloalkyl, C3-9 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, or C3-6 cycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R4 is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, R4 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino or haloalkyl.
In certain embodiments, R4 is phenyl.
In some embodiments, R5 is selected from the group consisting of:
In some embodiments, is
In certain embodiments, ring B is phenyl.
In certain embodiments, ring B is pyridyl.
In certain embodiments, is selected from
In some embodiments, R6 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Rb, -S (O) 2Rb, -C (O) ORb, -C (O) N (Rb) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) Ra and -N (Rb) C (O) Rb. In certain embodiments, R6 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, C6-10 aryl, 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, -C (O) Rb, -S (O) 2Rb, -C (O) ORb, -C (O) N (Rb) 2, and -N (Rb) C (O) Rb.
In certain embodiments, Rb is selected from hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halogen. In certain embodiments, Rb is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl or C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halogen.
In certain embodiments, R6 is selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -NH2, -CH3,
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Compounds provided herein are described with reference to both generic formulae and specific compounds. In addition, compounds of the present disclosure may exist in a number of different forms or derivatives, all within the scope of the present disclosure. These include, for example, tautomers, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, regioisomers, salts, solvated forms, amorphous forms, different crystal forms or polymorphs.
The compounds of present disclosure can comprise one or more asymmetric centers depending on substituent selection, and thus can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and/or diastereomers. For example, the
compounds provided herein may have an asymmetric carbon center, and thus compounds provided herein may have either the (R) or (S) stereo-configuration at a carbon asymmetric center. Therefore, compounds of the present disclosure may be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer or geometric isomer, or may be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers.
As used herein, the term “enantiomer” refers to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. The term “diastereomer” refers to a pair of optical isomers which are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g. melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities.
Where a particular enantiomer is preferred, it may, in some embodiments be provided substantially free of the opposite enantiomer, and may also be referred to as “optically enriched” . “Optically enriched” , as used herein, means that the compound is made up of a significantly greater proportion of one enantiomer. In certain embodiments, the compound is made up of at least about 90%by weight of a preferred enantiomer. In other embodiments, the compound is made up of at least about 95%, 98%, or 99%by weight of a preferred enantiomer. Preferred enantiomers may be isolated from racemic mixtures by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example by chromatography or crystallization, by the use of stereochemically uniform starting materials for the synthesis or by stereoselective synthesis. Optionally a derivatization can be carried out before a separation of stereoisomers. The separation of a mixture of stereoisomers can be carried out at an intermediate step during the synthesis of a compound provided herein or it can be done on a final racemic product. Absolute stereochemistry may be determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing a stereogenic center of known configuration. Alternatively, absolute stereochemistry may be determined by Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy analysis. See, for example,
Jacques, et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981) ; Wilen, S. H., et al., Tetrahedron 33: 2725 (1977) ; Eliel, E. L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962) ; Wilen, S. H. Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972) .
In some embodiments, mixtures of diastereomers, for example mixtures of diastereomers enriched with 51%or more of one of the diastereomers, including for example 60%or more, 70%or more, 80%or more, or 90%or more of one of the diastereomers are provided.
In some embodiments, compounds provided herein may have one or more double bonds that can exist as either the Z or E isomer, unless otherwise indicated. The present disclosure additionally encompasses the compounds as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers, e.g., racemic mixtures of enantiomers.
The compounds of the present disclosure may also exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol, amide-imidic acid, lactam-lactim, imine-enamine isomerizations and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system (for example, 1H-and 3H-imidazole, 1H-, 2H-and 4H-1, 2, 4-triazole, 1H-and 2H-isoindole, and 1H-and 2H-pyrazole) . Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. Tautomers can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution. Compounds of the present disclosure identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
Compounds of the present disclosure are also intended to include all isotopes of atoms in the compounds. Isotopes of an atom include atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, unless otherwise specified, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromide or iodine in the compounds of present disclosure are meant to also include their isotopes, such as but not limited to 1H, 2H, 3H, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 14N, 15N, 16O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S, 17F, 18F, 19F, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 124I, 127I and 131I. In some embodiments, hydrogen includes protium, deuterium and tritium. In some embodiments, carbon includes 12C and 13C. Isotopically-enriched compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/or intermediates.
Compounds of the present disclosure can be formulated as or be in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Unless specified to the contrary, a compound provided herein includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compound.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance or composition is compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the subjects being treated therewith.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise indicated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acids and bases of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its
physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, t-butylamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present. For example, see Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19thed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, Vol. 2, p. 1457, 1995; “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002. Such salts can be prepared using the appropriate corresponding bases.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by standard techniques. For example, the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution. Thus, if the particular compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid,
mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
Similarly, if the particular compound is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
It is also to be understood that the compounds of present disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.
As used herein, the term “solvate” or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H2O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which a compound (or a salt or solvate thereof) can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of the compounds can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
The present disclosure is also intended to include all isotopes of atoms in the compounds. Isotopes of an atom include atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, unless otherwise specified, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromide or iodine in the compounds of present disclosure are meant to also include their isotopes, such as but not limited to 1H, 2H, 3H, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 14N, 15N, 16O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S, 17F, 18F, 19F, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 124I, 127I and 131I. In some embodiments, hydrogen includes protium, deuterium and tritium. In some embodiments, carbon includes 12C and 13C.
Synthesis of compounds
Synthesis of the compounds provided herein, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are illustrated in the synthetic schemes in the examples. The compounds provided herein can be prepared using any known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any of numerous possible synthetic routes, and thus these schemes are illustrative only and are not meant to limit other possible methods that can be used to prepare the compounds provided herein. Additionally, the steps in the Schemes are for better illustration and can be changed as
appropriate. The embodiments of the compounds in examples were synthesized for the purposes of research and potentially submission to regulatory agencies.
The reactions for preparing compounds of the present disclosure can be carried out in suitable solvents, which can be readily selected by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Suitable solvents can be substantially non-reactive with the starting materials (reactants) , the intermediates, or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g. temperatures that can range from the solvent’s freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature. A given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent. Depending on the particular reaction step, suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected by one skilled in the art.
Preparation of compounds of the present disclosure can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. The chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed., Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York (1999) , in P. Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2003, and in Peter G. M. Wuts, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 5th Edition, Wiley, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g. 1H or 13C) , infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g. UV-visible) , mass spectrometry, or by chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS) , or thin layer chromatography (TLC) . Compounds can be purified by one skilled in the art by a variety of methods, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ( “Preparative LC-MS
Purification: Improved Compound Specific Method Optimization” Karl F. Blom, Brian Glass, Richard Sparks, Andrew P. Combs J. Combi. Chem. 2004, 6 (6) , 874-883, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) , and normal phase silica chromatography.
The known starting materials of the present disclosure can be synthesized by using or according to the known methods in the art, or can be purchased from commercial suppliers. Unless otherwise noted, analytical grade solvents and commercially available reagents were used without further purification.
Unless otherwise specified, the reactions of the present disclosure were all done under a positive pressure of nitrogen or argon or with a drying tube in anhydrous solvents, and the reaction flasks were typically fitted with rubber septa for the introduction of substrates and reagents via syringe. Glassware was oven dried and/or heat dried.
For illustrative purposes, the Examples section below shows synthetic route for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure as well as key intermediates. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the inventive compounds. Although specific starting materials and reagents are depicted, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and/or reaction conditions. In addition, many of the compounds prepared by the methods described below can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art.
Use of Compounds
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are capable of inhibiting 3CL. Thus, the compounds of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as medicinal drugs, and particularly useful as therapeutic or
prophylactic agent that are active against various viruses. In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure are therapeutic or prophylactic agent active against caliciviruses, picornaviruses and coronaviruses.
As used herein, the term “therapy” is intended to have its normal meaning of dealing with a disease in order to entirely or partially relieve one, some or all of its symptoms, or to correct or compensate for the underlying pathology, thereby achieving beneficial or desired clinical results. For purposes of this disclosure, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable. “Therapy” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving it. Those in need of therapy include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented. The term “therapy” also encompasses prophylaxis unless there are specific indications to the contrary. The terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be interpreted in a corresponding manner.
The term “treatment” is used synonymously with “therapy” . Similarly the term “treat” can be regarded as “applying therapy” where “therapy” is as defined herein.
As used herein, the term “prophylaxis” is intended to have its normal meaning and includes primary prophylaxis to prevent the development of the disease and secondary prophylaxis whereby the disease has already developed and the patient is temporarily or permanently protected against exacerbation or worsening of the disease or the development of new symptoms associated with the disease.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treatment of viral infection.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infection.
In another asepct, it is surprisingly discovered that the compounds provided herein shows high tolerance of tolerance against oxidase. This allows the compounds provided herein to resist oxidative metabolism in vivo, thereby showing greater metabolic stability, such as increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements.
In some embodiments, the compounds provided herein can be admininstered to a subject in need thereof without the need of co-administration of oxidase inhibitor, such as ritonavir or cobicistat.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
For the purposes of administration, in some embodiments, the compounds provided herein are administered as a raw chemical or are formulated as pharmaceutical compositions.
Therefore, in a further aspect, there is provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprise a compound selected from any one of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical
compositions of the present disclosure comprise a first compound selected from any one of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more additional compounds of the same formula but said first compound and additional compounds are not the same molecules.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a formulation containing the molecules or compounds of the present disclosure in a form suitable for administration to a subject.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a molecule, compound, or composition comprising the molecule or compound to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject’s body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; the rate of administration; the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration; and the discretion of the prescribing physician. Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.
In another aspect, there is provided pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutical acceptable excipient.
As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes
excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used herein includes both one and more than one such excipient. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” also encompasses “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” and “pharmaceutically acceptable diluent” .
The particular excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compounds of the present disclosure is being applied. Solvents are generally selected based on solvents recognized by persons skilled in the art as safe to be administered to a mammal including humans. In general, safe solvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water and other non-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible in water. Suitable aqueous solvents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols (e.g., PEG 400, PEG 300) , etc. and mixtures thereof.
In some embodiments, suitable excipients may include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol) ; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, dextrins, or substituted dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g., Zn-protein complexes) ; and/or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEENTM, PLURONICSTM or polyethylene glycol (PEG) .
In some embodiments, suitable excipients may include one or more stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers,
suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present disclosure or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament) . The active pharmaceutical ingredients may also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly- (methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980) . A “liposome” is a small vesicle composed of various types of lipids, phospholipids and/or surfactant which is useful for delivery of a drug (such as the compounds disclosed herein and, optionally, a chemotherapeutic agent) to a mammal including humans. The components of the liposome are commonly arranged in a bilayer formation, similar to the lipid arrangement of biological membranes.
The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein can be in any form that allows for the composition to be administered to a subject, including, but not limited to a human, and formulated to be compatible with an intended route of administration.
A variety of routes are contemplated for the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, and accordingly the pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be supplied in bulk or in unit dosage form depending on the intended administration route. For example, for oral, buccal, and sublingual administration, powders, suspensions, granules, tablets (such as orodispersible tablets or orally disintegrating tablets) , pills, oral soluble films, capsules, gelcaps, and caplets may be acceptable as solid dosage forms, and emulsions, syrups, elixirs, suspensions, and solutions may be acceptable as liquid dosage forms. For injection administration,
emulsions and suspensions may be acceptable as liquid dosage forms, and a powder suitable for reconstitution with an appropriate solution as solid dosage forms. For inhalation administration, solutions, sprays, dry powders, and aerosols may be acceptable dosage form. For topical (including buccal and sublingual) or transdermal administration, powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, and patches may be acceptable dosage form. For vaginal administration, pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams and spray may be acceptable dosage form.
The quantity of active ingredient in a unit dosage form of composition is a therapeutically effective amount and is varied according to the particular treatment involved. As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a molecule, compound, or composition comprising the molecule or compound to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject’s body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; the rate of administration; the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration; and the discretion of the prescribing physician. Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for oral administration.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of tablet formulations. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients for a tablet formulation include, for example, inert diluents such as lactose, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate, granulating and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or algenic acid; binding agents such as starch; lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc; preservative
agents such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and anti-oxidants, such as ascorbic acid. Tablet formulations may be uncoated or coated either to modify their disintegration and the subsequent absorption of the active ingredient within the gastrointestinal tract, or to improve their stability and/or appearance, in either case using conventional coating agents and procedures well known in the art.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of hard gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of aqueous suspensions, which generally contain the active ingredient in finely powdered form together with one or more suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents such as lecithin or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids (for example polyoxethylene stearate) , or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives (such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, anti-oxidants (such as ascorbic acid) , coloring agents, flavoring agents, and/or sweetening agents (such as sucrose, saccharine or aspartame) .
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of oily suspensions, which generally contain suspended
active ingredient in a vegetable oil (such as arachis oil, castor oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil) or in a mineral oil (such as liquid paraffin) . The oily suspensions may also contain a thickening agent such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set out above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, such as for example liquid paraffin or a mixture of any of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be, for example, naturally-occurring gums such as gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides such as soya bean, lecithin, esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides (for example sorbitan monooleate) and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening, flavoring and preservative agents.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be in the form of syrups and elixirs, which may contain sweetening agents such as glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, aspartame or sucrose, a demulcent, a preservative, a flavoring and/or coloring agent.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for injection administration.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents, which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable
preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol or prepared as a lyophilized powder. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono-or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation of injectables.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for inhalation administration.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of aqueous and nonaqueous (e.g., in a fluorocarbon propellant) aerosols containing any appropriate solvents and optionally other compounds such as, but not limited to, stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, pH modifiers, surfactants, bioavailability modifiers and combinations of these. The carriers and stabilizers vary with the requirements of the particular compound, but typically include nonionic surfactants (Tweens, Pluronics, or polyethylene glycol) , innocuous proteins like serum albumin, sorbitan esters, oleic acid, lecithin, amino acids such as glycine, buffers, salts, sugars or sugar alcohols.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in a form of formulation for topical or transdermal administration.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be in the form of creams, ointments, gels and aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions, which may generally be obtained by formulating an active ingredient with a conventional, topically acceptable excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be formulated in the form of transdermal skin patches that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Besides those representative dosage forms described above, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and carriers are generally known to those skilled in the art and are thus included in the present disclosure. Such excipients and carriers are described, for example, in “Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences” Mack Pub. Co., New Jersey (1991) , in “Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy” , Ed. University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 21st Edition, LWW (2005) , which are incorporated herein by reference.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated as a unit dosage form. The term “unit dosage forms” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. The amount of the compounds provided herein in the unit dosage form will vary depending on the condition to be treated, the subject to be treated (e.g., the age, weight, and response of the individual subject) , the particular route of administration, the actual compound administered and its relative activity, and the severity of the subject's symptoms.
In some embodiments, dosage levels of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be between 0.001-1000 mg/kg body weight/day, for example, 0.001-1000 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-900 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-800 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-700 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-600 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-500 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-400 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-300 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-200 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-100 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-50 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-40 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-30 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-20 mg/kg body weight/day,
0.001-10 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-5 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-0.5 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-0.4 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-0.3 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-0.2 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.001-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.005-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.01-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.02-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.03-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.04-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.05-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.06-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.07-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, 0.08-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day, or 0.09-0.1 mg/kg body weight/day. In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, provided that such larger doses are first divided into several small doses for administration throughout the day. For further information on routes of administration and dosage regimes, see Chapter 25.3 in Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board) , Pergamon Press 1990, which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are formulated for oral administration. In some embodiments, the unit dosage for oral administration contains one or more compounds provided herein in an amount from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg, for example from about 5 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 15 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 20 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 25 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 30 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 40 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 50 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 60 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 70 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 80 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 90 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 200 mg to 1000 mg, from about 300 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 400 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 500 mg to about 1000 mg, from about 1 mg to 500 mg, from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, from about 50 mg to about 500 mg, from about 100 mg to about 500 mg, from about 200 mg to about 500 mg, from about 300 mg to about 500 mg, from about 400 mg to about 500
mg, for example about 1 mg, about 2 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 15 mg, about 20 mg, about 25 mg, about 30 mg, about 35 mg, about 40 mg, about 45 mg, about 50 mg, about 75 mg, about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 225 mg, about 250 mg, about 275 mg, about 300 mg and the like. In some embodiments, the dosage unit may be administered to a subject from 1 to 6 times per day depending on the severity of the subject’s symptoms.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are formulated for oral administration in a treatment having a duration of more than 1 week, more than 2 weeks, more than 3 weeks, more than 1 month, more than 2 months, more than 3 months, more than 4 months, more than 5 months, more than 6 months, more than 7 months, more than 8 months, more than 9 months, more than 10 months, more than 11 months, more than 1 year or even longer.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure are formulated for parenteral administration, e.g., administered intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly via injection. In some embodiments, the unit dosage for parenteral administration contains one or more compounds provided herein in an amount from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg of one or more compounds provided herein, for example from about 0.2 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.3 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.4 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 500 mg, from about 1 mg to about 500 mg, from about 5 mg to about 500 mg, from about 10 mg to about 500 mg, from about 20 mg to about 500 mg, from about 30 mg to about 500 mg, from about 40 mg to about 500 mg, from about 50 mg to about 500 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 400 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 300 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 200 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 90 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 80 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 70 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 60 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 50 mg, from about 0.5 mg to about 40 mg, from about 1 mg to about 90 mg, from about 5 mg to about 90 mg, from about 10 mg to about 80 mg, from about 20 mg to about
70 mg, from about 30 mg to about 60 mg, or from about 40 mg to about 50 mg, for example about 0.1 mg, about 0.2 mg, about 0.3 mg, about 0.4 mg, about 0.5 mg, about 0.6 mg, about 0.7 mg, about 0.8 mg, about 0.9 mg, about 1 mg, about 2 mg, about 3 mg, about 4 mg, about 5 mg, about 6 mg, about 7 mg, about 8 mg, about 9 mg, about 10 mg, about 15 mg, about 20 mg, about 25 mg, about 30 mg, about 35 mg, about 40 mg, about 45 mg, about 50 mg and the like.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered by injection can be prepared by combining one or more compounds of the present disclosure with sterile, distilled water, sesame or peanut oil, aqueous propylene glycol, so as to form a solution. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a surfactant or other solubilizing excipient that is added to facilitate the formation of a homogeneous solution or suspension. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise one or more additional agents selected from the group consisting of a wetting agent, a suspending agent, a preservative, a buffer, and an isotonizing agent.
In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered by injection can be administered with a syringe. In some embodiments, the syringe is disposable. In some embodiments, the syringe is reusable. In some embodiments, the syringe is pre-filled with the pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
In a further aspect, there is also provided veterinary compositions comprising one or more molecules or compounds of the present disclosure or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a veterinary carrier. Veterinary carriers are materials useful for the purpose of administering the composition and may be solid, liquid or gaseous materials which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary art and are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinary compositions may be administered parenterally, orally or by any other desired route.
The pharmaceutical compositions or veterinary compositions may be packaged in a variety of ways depending upon the method used for administering the drug. For example, an article for distribution can include a container having deposited therein the compositions in an appropriate form. Suitable containers are well known to those skilled in the art and include materials such as bottles (plastic and glass) , sachets, ampoules, plastic bags, metal cylinders, and the like. The container may also include a tamper-proof assemblage to prevent indiscreet access to the contents of the package. In addition, the container has deposited thereon a label that describes the contents of the container. The label may also include appropriate warnings. The compositions may also be packaged in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water, for injection immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions are prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
In a further aspect, there is also provided pharmaceutical compositions comprise one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a first active ingredient, and a second active ingredient.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient has complementary activities to the compound provided herein such that they do not adversely affect each other. Such ingredients are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient can be an antibiotic, a protease inhibitor, an anti-viral agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulatory agent, a kinase inhibitor, an anti-metabolite agent, a lysosomotropic agent, a M2 proton channel blocker, a polymerase inhibitor (e.g., EIDD-2801) , a neuraminidase inhibitor, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, a viral entry
inhibitor, an integrase inhibitor, interferons (e.g., types I, II, and III) , or a nucleoside analogue.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient is an antibiotic. In some embodiments, the antibiotic can be selected from the group consisting of a penicillin antibiotic, a quinolone antibiotic, a tetracycline antibiotic, a macrolide antibiotic, a lincosamide antibiotic, a cephalosporin antibiotic, or an RNA synthetase inhibitor. In some embodiments, the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of azithromycin, vancomycin, metronidazole, gentamicin, colistin, fidaxomicin, telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancin, daptomycin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefprozil, ceftobiprole, cipro, Levaquin, floxin, tequin, avelox, norflox, tetracycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin V, dicloxacillin, carbenicillin, methicillin, ertapenem, doripenem, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, tobramycin, paromomycin, cefixime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefoxotin, and streptomycin. In some embodiments, the antibiotic is azithromycin.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient can be a protease inhibitor. In some embodiments, the protease inhibitor can be selected from the group consisting of nafamostat, camostat, gabexate, epsilon-aminocapronic acid, aprotinin, amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, nirmatrelvir, Ensitrelvir, EDP-235, PBI-0451, ritonavir, and saquinavir.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient can be an anti-viral agent. In some embodiments, the anti-viral agent can be selected from the group consisting of ribavirin, favipiravir, ST-193, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, danoprevir, ritonavir, remdesivir, cobicistat, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, abacavir, dolutegravir, efavirenz, elbasvir, ledipasvir, glecaprevir, sofosbuvir, bictegravir, dasabuvir, lamivudine,
atazanavir, ombitasvir, lamivudine, stavudine, nevirapine, rilpivirine, paritaprevir, simeprevir, daclatasvir, grazoprevir, pibrentasvir, adefovir, amprenavir, ampligen, aplaviroc, anti-caprine antibody, balavir, cabotegravir, cytarabine, ecoliever, epigallocatechin gallate, etravirine, fostemsavir, gemcitabine, griffithsin, imunovir, indinavir, maraviroc, methisazone, MK-2048, nelfmavir, nevirapine, nitazoxanide, norvir, plerixafor, PRO 140, raltegravir, pyramidine, saquinavir, telbivudine, TNX-355, valacyclovir, VIR-576, Baloxavir, Ziresovi, molnupiravir, and zalcitabine.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient can be an anti-inflammatory agent. In some embodiments, the anti-inflammatory agent can be selected from the group consisting of anti-histamines, corticosteroids, (e.g., fluticasone propionate, fluticasone furoate, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, ciclesonide, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone, flunisolide) , NSAIDs, leukotriene modulators (e.g., montelukast, zafirlukast. pranlukast) , tryptase inhibitors, IKK2 inhibitors, p38 inhibitors, Syk inhibitors, protease inhibitors such as elastase inhibitors, integrin antagonists (e.g., beta-2 integrin antagonists) , adenosine A2a agonists, mediator release inhibitors such as sodium chromoglycate, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors (zyflo) , DPI antagonists, DP2 antagonists, PI3K delta inhibitors, GGK inhibitors, LP (lysophosphatidic) inhibitors or FLAP (5-lipoxygenase activating protein) inhibitors, bronchodilators (e.g.. muscarinic antagonists, beta-2 agonists) , methotrexate, and similar agents; monoclonal antibody therapy such as anti-lgE, anti-TNF, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-6, anti-IL-12, anti-IL-1 and similar agents; cytokine receptor therapies e.g. etanercept and similar agents; antigen non-specific immunotherapies (e.g. interferon or other cytokines/chemokines, chemokine receptor modulators such as CCR3, CCR4 or CXCR2 antagonists, other cytokine/chemokine agonists or antagonists, TLR agonists and similar agents) , suitable anti-infective agents including antibiotic agents, antifungal agents, anthelmintic agents, antimalarial agents, antiprotozoal agents and antituberculosis agents.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient can be an immunomodulatory agent. In some embodiments, the immunomodulatory agent can be selected from the group consisting of anti-PD-1 or anti-PDL-1 therapeutics including pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, BMS-936559, or avelumab, anti-TIM3 (anti-HAVcr2) therapeutics including but not limited to TSR-022 or MBG453, anti-LAG3 therapeutics including but not limited to relatlimab, LAG525, or TSR-033, anti-4-1BB (anti-CD37, anti-TNFRSF9) , CD40 agonist therapeutics including but not limited to SGN-40, CP-870, 893 or R07009789, anti-CD47 therapeutics including but not limited to Hu5F9-G4, anti-CD20 therapeutics, anti-CD38 therapeutics, STING agonists including but not limited to ADU-S100, MK-1454, ASA404, or amidobenzimidazoles, anthracyclines including but not limited to doxorubicin or mitoxanthrone, hypomethylating agents including but not limited to azacytidine or decitabine, other immunomodulatory therapeutics including but not limited to epidermal growth factor inhibitors, statins, metformin, angiotensin receptor blockers, thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, prednisone, or dexamethasone. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a p2-adrenoreceptor agonist including, but not limited to, vilanterol, salmeterol, salbutamol, formoterol, salmefamol, fenoterol carmoterol, etanterol, naminterol, clenbuterol, pirbuterol, flerbuterol, reproterol, bambuterol, indacaterol, terbutaline and salts thereof, for example the xinafoate (1-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate) salt of salmeterol, the sulphate salt of salbutamol or the fumarate salt of formoterol.
In some embodiments, the second active ingredient can be a kinase inhibitor. In some embodiments, the kinase inhibitor can be selected from the group consisting of erlotinib, gefitinib, neratinib, afatinib, osimertinib, lapatanib, crizotinib, brigatinib, ceritinib, alectinib, lorlatinib, everolimus, temsirolimus, abemaciclib, LEE011, palbociclib, cabozantinib, sunitinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, regorafenib, sunitinib, axitinib, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, ponatinib, idelalisib, ibrutinib, Loxo 292, larotrectinib, and quizartinib.
Method of treatment of disease
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a viral infection in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of any compound described herein.
In some embodiments, the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of an RNA virus, a DNA virus, a coronavirus, a papillomavirus, a pneumovirus, a picornavirus, an influenza virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, a polyomavirus, a poxvirus, a rhinovirous, a norovirus, a flavivirus, an alphavirus, an ebola virus, a morbillivirus, an enterovirus, an orthopneumovirus, a lentivirus, arenovirus, a herpes virus, and a hepatovirus.
In some embodiments, the viral infection is from an RNA virus. In certain embodiments, the RNA virus is a single stranded or double stranded RNA virus. In further embodiments, the RNA virus is a positive sense RNA virus or a negative sense RNA virus or an ambisense RNA virus.
In certain embodiments, the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Retroviridae virus, Lentiviridae virus, Coronaviridae virus, Picornaviridae virus, Caliciviridae virus, Flaviviridae virus, Togaviridae virus, Bomaviridae, Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Pneumoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Deltavirus.
In certain embodiments, the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Coronavirus, HIV, SARS, Poliovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A, Norwalk virus, Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Hepatitis C virus, Dengue fever virus, Zika virus, Rubella virus, Ross River virus, Sindbis virus, Chikungunya virus, Boma disease virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Measles virus, Mumps virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Newcastle disease virus, Human respiratory syncytial virus, Rabies virus, Lassa virus, Hantavirus,
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Influenza, Respiratory syncytial virus, Feline coronavirus and Hepatitis D virus.
In some embodiments, the viral infection is from a DNA virus. In certain embodiments, the DNA virus is a single stranded or double stranded DNA virus. In further embodiments, the DNA virus is a positive sense DNA virus or a negative sense DNA virus or an ambisense DNA virus.
In certain embodiments, the virus is a Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Alloherpesviridae, Herpesviridae (including human herpes virus, and Varicella Zozter virus) , Malocoherpesviridae, Lipothrixviridae, Rudiviridae, Adenoviridae, Ampullaviridae, Ascoviridae, Asfarviridae (including African swine fever virus) , Baculoviridae, Cicaudaviridae, Clavaviridae, Corticoviridae, Fuselloviridae, Globuloviridae, Guttaviridae, Hytrosaviridae, Iridoviridae, Maseilleviridae, Mimiviridae, Nudiviridae, Nimaviridae, Pandoraviridae, Papillomaviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Plasmaviridae, Polydnaviruses, Polyomaviridae (including Simian virus 40, JC virus, BK virus) , Poxviridae (including Cowpox and smallpox) , Sphaerolipoviridae, Tectiviridae, Turriviridae, Dinodnavirus, Salterprovirus, or Rhizidovirus.
In certain embodiments, the viral infection is a coronavirus infection. In some embodiments, the viral infection is a coronavirus selected from the group consisting of 229E alpha coronavirus, NL63 alpha coronavirus, OC43 beta coronavirus, HKU1 beta coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) , severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) , and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) . In certain embodiments, the viral infection is SARS-CoV-2.
In some embodiments, the viral infection is from a virus selected from a virus selected from the group consisting of caliciviruses, MD145, murine norovirus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus, abbit hemorrhagic disease virus, porcine
teschovirus, bovine coronavirus, feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) , feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) , EV-68 virus, EV-71 virus, poliovirus, norovirus, human rhinovirus (HRV) , hepatitis A virus (HAV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) .
In some embodiments, the viral infection is an arenovirus infection. In certain embodiments, the arenovirus is selected from the group consisting of : Junin virus, Lassa virus, Lujo virus, Machupo virus, and Sabia virus. In some embodiments, the viral infection is influenza infection. In certain embodiments, the influenza is influenza H1N1, H3N2 or H5N1.
In some embodiments, methods described herein may inhibit viral replication transmission, replication, assembly, or release, or minimize expression of viral proteins. In one embodiment, described herein is a method of inhibiting transmission of a virus, a method of inhibiting viral replication, a method of minimizing expression of viral proteins, or a method of inhibiting vims release, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient suffering from the virus, and/or contacting an effective amount of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a virally infected cell.
In some embodiments, methods described herein do not comprise administrating oxidase inhibitor to the subject. In certain embodiments, methods described herein do not comprise administrating ritonavir or cobicistat in combination with any compounds described herein.
In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administrating an effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition provided herein to the subject.
For the purpose of illustration, the following examples are included. However, it is to be understood that these examples do not limit the present disclosure and are only meant to suggest a method of practicing the present disclosure. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other compounds of the present disclosure, and alternative methods for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure are deemed to be within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the synthesis of non-exemplified compounds according to the present disclosure may be successfully performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriately protecting interfering groups, by utilizing other suitable reagents and building blocks known in the art other than those described, and/or by making routine modifications of reaction conditions. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds of the present disclosure.
Example 1. Synthesis of Intermediates
Example 1.1 Synthesis of intermediate s1:
Step 1. Synthesis of s1-2
To a solution of s1-1 (67.0 g, 328 mmol) and NaOH (13.1 g, 328 mmol) in H2O (800 mL) was added HCHO (45 mL, 38%in H2O, 623 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 hrs. Then it was stirred at 110 ℃ for 3 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of HCl to pH=7 at 0 ℃, and then a brown solid was precipitated. The brown solid was washed with H2O, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give s1-2 (51.3 g, 72.2%) as a brown solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=217.2
1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 10.91 (s, 1H) , 7.45 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.08 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.02 -6.96 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.28 -4.12 (m, 2H) , 3.62-3.58 (m, 2H) , 3.14 (br dd, J = 5.1, 16.2 Hz, 2H) , 2.81 (br dd, J =10.3, 16.2 Hz, 1H)
Step 2. Synthesis of s1-3
To a solution of s1-2 (51.3 g, 237mmol) in MeOH (1000 mL) was added SOCl2 (98.7 g, 830 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 4 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. Then the residue was diluted with H2O and
quenched by addition NaHCO3 at 0 ℃ and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give s1-3 (43.3 g, 79.3%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=231.4
Step 3. Synthesis of s1-4
To a solution of s1-3 (43.2 g, 188 mmol) in DCM (1000 mL) was added TEA (23.6g, 233 mmol) and Boc2O (45.0 g, 206 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition HCl to pH = 6 at 0℃, and then it was diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~11%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether gradient) to give s1-4 (60.2 g, 97%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=331.1
1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 8.42 -7.78 (m, 1H) , 7.52 (d, J =7.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.33 (dd, J = 2.5, 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.20-7.16 (m, 2H) , 5.50 -5.17 (m, 1H) , 4.98 -4.77 (m, 1H) , 4.66 -4.49 (m, 1H) , 3.64 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 3H) , 3.45 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.19 -3.05 (m, 1H) , 1.56 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 9H)
Step 4. Synthesis of s1-5
To a solution of s1-4 (31.0 g, 93.8 mmol) in THF (400 mL) and H2O (400 mL) was added NBS (16.7 g, 93.8 mmol) and HOAc (407 g, 6.78 mol) . The mixture was stirred at -5 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was quenched by saturated Na2SO3 (200 mL) and then NaHCO3 was added to pH =7 at 0 ℃. The above mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give s1-5 (32.0 g, 98%yield) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=347.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 10.67 (s, 1H) , 7.27 -7.22 (m, 1H) , 7.12 -6.97 (m, 2H) , 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.67 -4.57 (m, 1H) , 3.75 -3.68 (m, 3H) , 3.59 -3.47 (m, 2H) , 2.44 -2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.31 -2.19 (m, 1H) , 1.41 -1.37 (m, 9H)
Step 5. Synthesis of s1-6
To a solution of compound s1-5 (500 mg, 1.44 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added NH4OH (20.6 mL, 144 mmol) in seal tube, then the mixture was stirred at 80
℃ for 16 hours. The mixture concentrated to give the compound s1-6 (425 mg, 94%yield) as a white solid.
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+Na) + = 354.2.
A solution of compound s1-6 (1 g, 3.00 mmol) in HCl/dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 hours. The mixture concentrated to give the compound s1 (1.2 g, crude) as a white solid.
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) + = 232.0.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.02 (brs, 1H) , 8.04 (s, 1H) , 7.77 (s, 1H) , 7.64 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.29 –7.27 (m, 1H) , 7.26 –7.24 (m, 1H) , 7.02 –6.98 (m, 1H) , 4.61 (s, 2H) , 3.46 –3.43 (m, 1H) , 2.51 –2.49 (m, 2H) , 2.26 –2.25 (m, 2H) .
Example 1.2 Synthesis of intermediate s2
Step 1. Synthesis of 2-1
To a solution of compound s1-6 (564 mg, 1.70 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added Burgess-Reagent (2.04 g, 8.50 mmol) under N2, then the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 hours. The mixture was poured into sat. NaHCO3 (20 mL) , then it was extracted with EA (10 mL x 3) . The organic phase was washed with brine (10 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give the residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc in PE from 10%to 50%) to give the compound s2-1 (444 mg, 83%yield) as a white solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.74 (s, 1H) , 7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.06 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.99 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 4.86 (dt, J = 47.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.89 –3.70 (m, 2H) , 2.92 –2.78 (m, 1H) , 2.54 (dd, J = 13.2, 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 1.54 (d, J = 44.0 Hz, 9H) .
Step 2. Synthesis of s2
To a solution of compound s2-1 (120 mg, 0.383 mmol) in TFA (2 mL) and ACN (2 mL) was added Anisole (124 mg, 1.15 mmol) , then the solution was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated, the residue was quenched with sat. NaHCO3 (20 mL) , then it was extracted with EA (15 mL x 3) . The organic phase was washed with brine (15 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give the
residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc in PE from 10%to 50%) to give compound s2 (64 mg, 78%yield) as a white solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ 8.23 (s, 1H) , 7.26 –7.19 (m, 2H) , 7.07 (td, J = 7.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.94 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.42 (dd, J = 8.4, 6.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.57 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.17 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.69 (dd, J = 13.6, 6.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.56 –2.52 (m, 1H) .
Example 1.3 Synthesis of intermediate s3
Step 1. Synthesis of s3-2
To a solution of s3-1 (3 g, 8.7 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added NCS (1.2 g, 8.7 mmol) and AIBN (284.5 mg, 1.7 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 16 hr. LC-MS showed s3-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z or desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (150 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was purified by re-crystallization from PE: EA=3: 1 (30 mL) at 25 ℃.
The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with PE, and dried in vacuum to give s3-2 (1.6 g, 49%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M-55] +=325.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 10.82 (s, 1H) , 7.30 (dd, J = 2.1, 8.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.14 -7.06 (m, 1H) , 6.93 -6.88 (m, 1H) , 4.74 -4.65 (m, 1H) , 3.74 -3.68 (m, 3H) , 3.67 -3.59 (m, 1H) , 3.52 -3.45 (m, 1H) , 2.46 -2.41 (m, 1H) , 2.30 -2.18 (m, 1H) , 1.40 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 9H) .
Step 2. Synthesis of 3-3
A solution of s3-2 (300.0 mg, 787.8 μmol) and NH3 (7 N in MeOH, 50 mL) in sealed tube was stirred at 60 ℃ for 48 h. The solvent was removed to obtain s3-3 (290.0 mg, crude) as a white solid.
LC-MS [M+Na] += 388.1
Step 3. Synthesis of s3
To a solution s3-3 (290.0 mg, 792.7 μmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. Then the solvent was removed under reduce pressure to obtain s3 (210.0 mg, crude) as a colorless oil, which was used for next step directly.
LC-MS [M+H] += 266.0, 268.0
Example 1.4 Synthesis of intermediate s4:
Step 1. Synthesis of s4-2
To a solution of s4-1 (3.0 g, 23.2 mmol) in H2O (50 mL) was added HBr (20 ml) . Then stirred at 25℃ until clear. NaNO2 (1.92 g, 27.8 mmol) in H2O (50 mL) was added to the above solution at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 16 hrs. TLC showed s4-1 was consumed completely, and one new spot was detected. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give s4-2 (3.9 g, 87%) as a colorless liquid.
1HNMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.52 -11.98 (m, 1H) , 4.24 -4.18 (m, 1H) , 1.76 -1.59 (m, 2H) , 0.70 -0.54 (m, 1H) , 0.33 -0.17 (m, 2H) , 0.08 -0.17 (m,
2H) .
Step 2. Synthesis of s4
To a solution of s4-2 (1.0 g, 5.2 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added SOCl2 (308.1 mg, 2.6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 16 hrs. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to give s4 (1.07 g) as an orange oil.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 4.56 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.72 (s, 3H) , 1.95 -1.78 (m, 2H) , 0.87 -0.68 (m, 1H) , 0.55 -0.35 (m, 2H) , 0.28 --0.04 (m, 2H) .
Example 1.5 Synthesis of intermediate s5:
Step 1. Synthesis of s5-2
To a solution of s5-1 (5.0 g, 34.8 mmol) in PPA (100 mL) was added cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3.00 g, 34.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water and then the pH was adjusted to 8 with NaOH. The
aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give s5-2 (6.6 g, 98%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] +=194.0
Step 2. Synthesis of s5-3
To a solution of s5-2 (6.6 g, 34.3 mmol) in HCOOH (50.0 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give s5-3 (6.0 g, 99%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] +=176.0
Step 3. Synthesis of s5
To a solution of s5-3 (6.00 g, 34.3 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was added TEA (10.4 g, 103 mmol) and SEM-Cl (8.57 g, 51.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EA (100 mL ×3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel
chromatography (Eluent of 0~22%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether gradient) to give s5 (2.30 g, 22%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] +=306.1
1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 11.28 (br s, 1H) , 7.07 (br s, 1H) , 6.45 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.06 -5.87 (m, 2H) , 3.61 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H) , 2.24 -2.17 (m, 1H) , 1.13 -1.00 (m, 4H) , 0.83 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H) , 0.05 -0.20 (m, 9H) .
Example 1.6 Synthesis of intermediates 1a, 27a and 36a
Step 4. Synthesis of 1-2
To a solution of s5 (1.00 g, 3.27 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added TBAI (242 mg, 655 umol) , K2CO3 (1.36 g, 9.82 mmol) and 1-1 (1.84 g, 8.18 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~12%THF/Petroleum ether gradient) to give 1-2 (0.68 g, 48%) as a yellow oil. This is a pair of isomers.
LCMS: [M+H] +=434.3
1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 7.41 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.58 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 5.95 (s, 2H) , 5.49-5.46 (m, 1H) , 3.67 -3.56 (m, 5H) , 2.29 -2.04 (m, 2H) , 1.94-1.90 (m, 1H) , 1.32 -1.22 (m, 1H) , 1.13 -1.02 (m, 4H) , 0.90 -0.80 (m, 8H) , -0.10 (s, 9H) .
Step 5. Synthesis of 1a
To a solution of 1-2 (630.0 mg, 1.45 mmol) in H2O (1 mL) and THF (2.0 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (122 mg, 2.91 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1a (600.0 mg, 98%) as a yellow solid. The chiral HPLC showed that this product is stereoisomers.
LCMS: [M+H] +=420.5
1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 12.91 (br s, 1H) , 7.37 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.55 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.96 (s, 2H) , 5.49 (br dd, J = 4.4, 11.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.65 -3.54 (m, 2H) , 2.24 -2.18 (m, 1H) , 2.11 -2.02 (m, 1H) , 1.90 (ddd, J = 4.6, 9.6, 14.3 Hz, 1H) , 1.33 -1.25 (m, 1H) , 1.12 -1.02 (m, 4H) , 0.88 -0.81 (m, 8H) , -0.10 (s, 9H)
Intermediates 27a and 36a were made following similar chemistry and procedures described as above.
Intermediate 27a: white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=438.1
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.18 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.78 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.21 -6.10 (m, 2H) , 5.80-5.76 (m, 1H) , 3.77 -3.63 (m, 2H) , 2.16 -1.83 (m, 2H) , 1.62 -1.53 (m, 2H) , 1.53 -1.41 (m, 3H) , 1.00 -0.88 (m, 8H) , 0.10 --0.08 (m, 9H) .
Chiral HPLC: 75%: 25% (two isomers)
Compound 36a: a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] += 421.2
1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.18 -8.10 (m, 1H) , 5.91 -5.54 (m, 2H) , 5.28 -5.15 (m, 1H) , 3.61-3.57 (m, 2H) , 2.28 -2.18 (m, 1H) , 2.07 -1.97 (m, 1H) , 1.83 -1.73 (m, 1H) , 1.13 -1.01 (m, 4H) , 0.94 -0.79 (m, 9H) , -0.06 --0.10 (m, 9H) .
Example 1.7 Synthesis of intermediate 2a
Step 1. Synthesis of 2-2
To a solution of 2-1 (5.0 g, 27.2 mmol) in DCM (75 mL) and MeCN (30 mL) was added Br2 (4.8 g, 29.87 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) and K2CO3 (3.8 g, 27.2 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with DCM, dried in vacuum to give 2-2 as crude product, which was used for next step.
LCMS: [M+H] +=263.0 &265.0
Step 2. Synthesis of 2-3
To a solution of 2-2 (7.2 g, 27.2 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) was added K2CO3 (9.4 g, 67.9 mmol) and SEM-Cl (6.8 g, 40.7 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃
for 12 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether) to give 2-3 (9.5 g, 89%) as a colorless oil.
LCMS: [M+H] +=393.1&395.0
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 5.62 (s, 2H) , 3.97 (m, 3H) , 3.94 (s, 3H) , 3.59 -3.52 (m, 2H) , 0.94 -0.88 (m, 2H) , 0.00 (s, 9H) .
Step 3. Synthesis of 2-4
A mixture of 2-3 (5.0 g, 12.71 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added DIBAL-H (1 M, 19.1 mL) , the mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 2 hours under N2 atmosphere, and then DIBAL-H (1 M, 6.4 mL) was added at -78 ℃, the mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hr. TLC indicated the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition HCl (1M) : THF=1: 1 at -78 ℃ and allowed to 25 ℃, and then diluted with EA, washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether) to give 2-4 (3.5 g, 76%) as a white solid.
Step 4. Synthesis of 2-5
A mixture of 2-4 (3.5 g, 9.63 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added tert-butyl (2S) -2-amino-4-methyl-pentanoate (3.6 g, 19.3 mmol) and TEA (2.9 g, 28.9 mmol) and NaBH (OAc) 3 (6.13 g, 28.90 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether) to give 2-5 (4.5 g, 87.4%) as a colorless oil.
LCMS: [M+H] +=534.2&536.2
LCMS: [M+H] +=519.9&521.9
Step 5. Synthesis of 2-6
To a solution of 2-5 (4.5 g, 8.42 mmol) in THF (15 mL) and H2O (15 mL) was added LiOH (403.20 mg, 16.84 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 12 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give 2-6 as crude product.
LCMS: [M+H] +=519.9&521.9
Step 6. Synthesis of 2-7
A mixture of 2-6 (4.5 g, 8.6 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added EDCI (3.31 g, 17.29 mmol) and HOBt (2.34 g, 17.29 mmol) and TEA (2.62 g, 25.94 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~15%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether) to give 2-7 (3.7 g, 85.2%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] +=502.2&504.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 5.51 (s, 2H) , 4.95 -4.89 (m, 1H) , 4.55 -4.49 (m, 1H) , 4.19 -4.12 (m, 1H) , 3.73 -3.67 (m, 2H) , 1.80 -1.74 (m, 2H) , 1.45 (s, 10H) , 1.31 -1.26 (m, 1H) , 1.00 -0.95 (m, 8H) , 0.03 (s, 9H) .
Step 7. Synthesis of 2-8
A mixture of 2-7 (1.5 g, 3.0 mmol) , cyclopropylboronic acid (281.5 mg, 3.2 mmol) , K3PO4 (1.9 g, 8.95 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (218.0 mg, 298.1 umol) in dioxane (25 mL) and H2O (2.5 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 12 hrs under N2 atmosphere. LC-MS showed the
completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA, washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~15%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether) to give 2-8 (0.28 g, 20%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+H] +=464.1
Step 8. Synthesis of 2a
To a solution of 2-8 (0.28 g, 0.60 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA (4 mL, 54.0 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed the completion of the reaction. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (H2O: MeCN=0%-20%) to give 2a (82 mg, 48.97%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] +=278.1
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 12.84 (br s, 1H) , 4.73 -4.67 (m, 1H) , 4.27 -4.11 (m, 2H) , 2.03 -1.94 (m, 1H) , 1.86 -1.76 (m, 1H) , 1.71 -1.61 (m, 1H) , 1.49 -1.38 (m, 1H) , 1.01 -0.94 (m, 2H) , 0.93 -0.86 (m, 8H) .
Chiral HPLC: 95%purity.
Example 1.8 Synthesis of intermediate 6a
Step 1. Synthesis of 6-2
To a solution of 6-1 (5.0 g, 29.7 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added DMF-DMA (25 mL, 188.0 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 130 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 6-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction solution was added to cold water, the reddish-orange solid formed was separated out, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 6-2 (6.6 g, quantitive yield) as reddish solid.
LCMS: [M+H] +=224.1
1H NMR (500 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.82 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.11 (d, J = 13.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.81 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.86 (d, J = 13.1 Hz, 1H) , 3.96 (s, 3H) , 2.92 (s, 6H)
Step 2. Synthesis of 6-3
To a solution of 6-2 (6.6 g, 29.7 mmol) in THF (40 mL) and H2O (40 mL) was added NaIO4 (22.1 g, 103 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 6-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The mixture was filtered, and filter cake was washed with EA (200 mL) . The filtrate was extracted with EA (200mL*3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine 100 mL, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 6-3 (5.2 g, 97%) as a brown solid.
LCMS: [M+H2O+H] +=201.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 10.00 (s, 1H) , 8.71 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.04 (s, 3H)
Step 3. Synthesis of 6-4
To a solution of ethyl 2-diethoxyphosphorylacetate (5.5 g, 24.7 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added NaH (988 mg, 24.7 mmol, 60%purity) at 0℃ under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr. Then 6-3 (3 g, 16.5 mmol) was added at 0℃, the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1.5 hr. TLC indicated 6-3 was consumed completely and a new spot formed (PE: EA =2: 1, Rf = 0.7) . The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100 mL) at 0 ℃ and extracted
with EA (200 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to give 6-4 (2.6 g, 63%) as a light yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 8.29 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.52 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.12 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.58 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.29 (q, J =7.3 Hz, 2H) , 4.10 -4.03 (m, 3H) , 1.35 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)
Step 4. Synthesis of 6-5
To a solution of 6-4 (3.2 g, 12.69 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added Pd/C (1.5 g, 12.7 mmol, 10%purity) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 several times. The mixture was stirred under H2 (15 psi) at 80℃ for 48 hours. LC-MS showed 6-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~60%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient) to give 6-5 (1.78 g, 78.76%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=179.1
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.81 -7.76 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (br s, 1H) , 6.74 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.01 (s, 3H) , 2.97 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.69 -2.63 (m, 2H) .
Step 5. Synthesis of 6-6
To a solution of 6-5 (0.5 g, 2.81 mmol) was added pyridine hydrochloride (324 mg, 2.81 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 155 ℃ for 5 min. LC-MS showed 6-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~100%THF/Petroleum ethergradient) to give 6-6 (0.37 g, 80.3%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=164.7
Step 6. Synthesis of 6-7
To a solution of 6-6 (150 mg, 914 umol) in DMF (5 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (595.43 mg, 1.83 mmol) and methyl (2R) -4-methyl-2-methylsulfonyloxy-pentanoate (246 mg, 1.10 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 6-6 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL ×3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~50%THF/PE) to give 6-7 (150 mg, 56.2%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] + =293.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.93 (br s, 1H) , 7.02 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 6.16 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.74 (dd, J = 5.3, 10.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.75 (s, 3H) , 2.91 -2.81 (m, 2H) , 2.68 -2.61 (m, 2H) , 2.06 -1.96 (m, 1H) , 1.96 -1.88 (m, 1H) , 1.50 -1.45 (m, 1H) , 0.96 (dd, J = 6.8, 7.9 Hz, 6H) .
Chiral HPLC: 84%: 16%
Step 7. Synthesis of 6a
To a solution of 6-7 (170.0 mg, 582 umol) in THF (1 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added LiOH (32.8 mg, 1.37 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 6-7 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (0-1%MeCN: H2O) to give 6a (100 mg, 61.79%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + =279.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.60 (s, 1H) , 7.24 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 6.13 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.27 (dd, J = 4.5, 11.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.81 -2.73 (m, 2H) , 2.49 -2.39 (m, 2H) , 1.94 (m, 1H) , 1.76 -1.65 (m, 1H) , 1.27 -1.15 (m, 1H) , 0.85 (br d, J =6.5 Hz, 3H) , 0.82 (br d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) .
Chiral HPLC: 80%: 20% (two isomers) .
Example 1.9 Synthesis of intermediate 7a
Step 1. Synthesis of 7-2
To a solution of 7-6 (1.9 g, 5.7 mmol) and Cu (OTf) 2 (1.9 g, 5.7 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) . After being stirring at room temperature for 4 hrs. Then 7-1 (29.4 g, 144.3 mmol) and 7-5 (30.0 g, 5.7 mmol) ware added the above mixture and stirred at 0 ℃ for 16 hrs. TLC showed one new spot was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove DCM to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (120 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~15%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @80 ml/min) to give 7-2 (5.5 g, 72%) as a colorless liquid.
1HNMR: (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 4.99 -4.78 (m, 2H) , 4.34 (dd, J = 4.3, 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.27 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) , 2.55 (dd, J = 4.0, 14.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.38 (dd, J = 8.3, 14.2 Hz, 1H) , 1.81 (s, 3H) , 1.32 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H)
Step 2. Synthesis of 7-3
To a solution of Fe2 (ox) 3 (2.5 g, 5.1 mmol) in H2O (35 mL) until complete dissolution was added Selectfluor (3.6 g, 5.1 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) , 7-2 (800 mg, 5.1 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) and NaBH4 (1.2 g, 32.3 mmol) slowly at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. TLC indicated 7-2 was consumed completely, and one major new spot with larger polarity was detected. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition NH4OH (6 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~15%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @30 ml/min) to give 7-3 (510 mg, 57%) as a colorless liquid.
1HNMR: (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 4.40 (dd, J = 2.6, 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.31 -4.24 (m, 2H) , 2.25 -2.15 (m, 1H) , 1.99-1.92 (m, 1H) , 1.51 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 3H) , 1.46 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 3H) , 1.33 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) .
Step 3. Synthesis of 7-4
To a solution of 7-3 (100 mg, 551.1 umol) and lutidine (150.3 g, 1.4 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added Tf2O (273.5 mg, 841.7 umol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. TLC indicated 7-3 was consumed completely, and one major new spot with lower polarity was detected. The reaction mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 7-4 (150 mg, 86%) as a yellow oil without any purification.
Step 4. Synthesis of 7a
To a solution of 7-4 (152.3 mg, 491.1 umol) and s5 (150 mg, 491.1 umol) in THF (6 mL) was added NaOH (58.9 mg, 1.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed s5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was adjusted PH to approximate 6 with 1 M HCl and extracted with EA (50 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by reversed phase column C18 (25 g, Eluent of 30~60%H2O/MeCN gradient @40 mL/min) to give 7a (50 mg, 22%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 438.2
HNMR: (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ = 7.50 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.68 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.12 (s, 2H) , 5.82 -5.67 (m, 1H) , 3.77-3.75 (m, 2H) , 2.82 -2.67 (m, 1H) , 2.59-2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.36 -2.33 (m, 1H) , 1.48 -1.39 (d, J = 21.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.37 -1.30 (d, J = 21.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.27 -1.21 (m, 4H) , 1.02 -0.89 (m, 2H) , 0.00 (s, 9H) .
Chiral HPLC: 58%: 42% (a pair of isomers) .
Example 1.10 Synthesis of intermediate 9a
To a solution of s4-2 (569.0 mg, 2.94 mmol) and s5 (600 mg, 1.96 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added NaOH (118 mg, 2.95 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed s4-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was adjusted pH to approximate 6 with 1 M HCl and extracted with EA (50 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by reversed phase column C18 (Eluent of 30~60%H2O/MeCN gradient at 30 mL/min) to give 9a (300 mg, 36.5%) as a white solid.
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) + = 418.0.
1HNMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 7.49 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.64 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.06 (q, J = 10.8 Hz, 2H) , 5.45-5.41 (m, 1H) , 3.69 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 2.38 -2.27 (m, 1H) , 2.18 -1.99 (m, 2H) , 1.22 -1.12 (m, 4H) , 0.94 (dt, J = 2.2, 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 0.64 -0.51 (m, 1H) , 0.45 -0.27 (m, 2H) , 0.14 (br dd, J = 4.3, 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 0.07 --0.08 (m, 10H) .
Chiral HPLC: 75%: 25%
Example 1.11 Synthesis of intermediate 28a
Step 1. Synthesis of 28-2
To a solution of 2-1 (5.0 g, 27.2 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) was added K2CO3 (11.3 g, 81.4 mmol) and SEM-Cl (6.8 g, 40.7 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hrs. LC-MS showed 2-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA (450 mL) , washed with and brine (150 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/DCM, gradient @40 mL/min) to give 28-2 (8.0 g, 94%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 315.1
1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.72 (s, 1H) , 5.58 (s, 2H) , 3.96 (s, 3H) , 3.94 (s, 3H) , 3.57 -3.51 (m, 2H) , 0.97 -0.88 (m, 2H) , 0.0 (s, 9H) .
Step 2. Synthesis of 28-3
A mixture of 28-2 (5.0 g, 15.9 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added DIBAL-H (1 M, 16.7 mL) , the mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1hr under N2 atmosphere, LC-MS showed 28-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition HCl (1M) : THF=1: 1 (12 mL) at -78℃ and allowed to 25 ℃, and then diluted with EA (500 mL) , washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~50%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether, gradient @40 mL/min) to give 28-3 (2.4 g, 53%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 285.0
1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 10.41 (s, 1H) , 7.87 (s, 1H) , 5.73 (s, 2H) , 4.03 (s, 3H) , 3.65 -3.56 (m, 2H) , 1.01 -0.88 (m, 2H) , 0.01 (s, 9H)
Step 3. Synthesis of 28-4
A mixture of 28-3 (2.7 g, 9.5 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added tert-butyl (2S) -2-amino-4-methyl-pentanoate (4.3 g, 19.0 mmol) and TEA (2.8 g, 28.5 mmol) and NaBH (OAc) 3 (6.0 g, 28.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 28-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (450 mL) , washed with brine (150 mL) ,
dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether, gradient @40 mL/min) to give 28-4 (3.8 g, 88%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 456.4
Step 4. Synthesis of 28-5
To a solution of 28-4 (4.0 g, 8.9 mmol) in THF (15 mL) and H2O (15 mL) was added LiOH (530.8 mg, 22.1 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 12 hrs. LC-MS showed 28-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA (150 mL) , washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to obtain 28-5 (crude) as a colorless oil without any purification.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 442.2
Step 5. Synthesis of 28-6
A mixture of 28-5 (3.9 g, 8.9 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added EDCI (3.4 g, 17.6 mmol) and HOBt (2.4 g, 17.8 mmol) and TEA (2.7g, 26.6mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 28-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (500 mL) , brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated
under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether, gradient @30 mL/min) to give 28-6 (3.8 g, 75%) as a colorless oil.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 424.3
1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.79 (s, 1H) , 5.50 (s, 2H) , 4.94 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.51 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.20 -4.13 (m, 1H) , 3.68 (dd, J = 7.6, 9.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.78 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 1.54 -1.45 (m, 10H) , 1.00 -0.92 (m, 8H) , -0.01 (s, 9H) .
Chiral HPLC purity: 100%.
Step 6. Synthesis of 28a
To a solution of 28-6 (1 g, 2.4 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TFA (3 mL, 40.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 28-6 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (H2O: MeCN = 0%-20%) to give 28a (347.0 mg, 62%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 238.1
1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 12.87 (br s, 1H) , 7.95 (s, 1H) , 4.76-4.72 (m, 1H) , 4.36 -4.23 (m, 2H) , 1.90 -1.78 (m, 1H) , 1.74 -1.64 (m, 1H) , 1.46 (dt, J=6.4, 10.2 Hz, 1H) , 0.90 (dd, J=6.7, 11.4 Hz, 6H)
Chiral HPLC purity: 95%
Example 1.12 Synthesis of intermediate 32a
Step 1. Synthesis of 32-2
A mixture of 2-7 (500 mg, 995 umol) , 32-1 (208.8 mg, 1.49 mmol) , K3CO3 (343.7 mg, 2.49 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (72.8 mg, 99.5 umol) in dioxane (20 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 12 hrs under N2 atmosphere. LC-MS showed 32-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA (50 mL) , washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~20%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether, gradient @40 mL/min) to give 32-2 (450 mg, 87%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 388.2
Step 2. Synthesis of 32a
To a solution of 32-2 (440 mg, 849.9 umol) in DCM (8 mL) was added TFA (3 mL, 40.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 32-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (H2O: MeCN = 0%-20%) to give 32a (208 mg, 74%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 332.1
1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 12.91 (br s, 1H) , 8.00 (dt, J = 1.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.56 -7.47 (m, 1H) , 7.44 -7.32 (m, 2H) , 4.78 (dd, J=4.4, 11.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.46 -4.31 (m, 2H) , 1.95 -1.81 (m, 1H) , 1.77 -1.64 (m, 1H) , 1.58 -1.43 (m, 1H) , 0.92 (dd, J=6.6, 10.3 Hz, 6H) .
Chiral HPLC: 95%purity.
Example 1.13 Synthesis of intermediate 35a
Step 1. Synthesis of 35-2
To a solution of 35-1 (5.0 g, 20.4 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added K2CO3 (5.64 g, 40.9 mmol) and SEM-Cl (3.74 g, 22.45 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hr. LC-MS showed 35-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (400 mL) and H2O (200 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~40%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to give 35-2 (6.8 g, 89%) was obtained as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] += 375.1&377.2
1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 8.42 (s, 1H) , 5.70 (s, 2H) , 3.75 -3.68 (m, 2H) , 3.56 (s, 3H) , 2.98 (s, 2H) , . 98-0.94 (m, 2H) , 0.00 (s, 9H) .
Step 2. Synthesis of 35-3
To a solution of 35-2 (500 mg, 1.33 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added cyclopropylboronic acid (148.77 mg, 1.73 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (48.74 mg, 0.67 mmol) , and K3PO4 (848 mg, 4.00 mmol, ) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ under N2 for 12 hrs. LC-MS showed 35-2 was consumed completely and
one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (50 mL) and H2O (50 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~40%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to give 35-3 (430 mg, 95.9%) was obtained as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] += 337.2
Step 3. Synthesis of 35-5
To a solution of 35-4 (3.00 g, 22.9 mmol) in H2O (50.0 mL) was added HBr (20.0 ml, 147 mmol) . After being stirring at room temperature until clear. NaNO2 (1.89 g, 27.4 mmol) in H2O (50.0 mL) was added to the above solution at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hrs. TLC showed 35-4 was consumed completely, and one new spot was detected. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 35-5 (4 g, 89.7%) as a colorless oil.
1HNMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.2 (br s, 1H) , 4.39 (t, J = 7.52 Hz, 1 H) , 1.88-1.76 (m, 2 H) , 0.93 -0.86 (m, 7 H) .
Step 4. Synthesis of 35a
To a solution of 35-5 (870 mg, 4.46 mmol) and 35-3 (1 g, 2.97 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added NaOH (357 mg, 8.92 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 35-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was adjusted pH to approximate 6 with1 M HCl and extracted with EA (50 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by reversed phase column C18 (120 g, Eluent of 30~60%H2O/MeCN gradient @40 mL/min) to give 35a (264 mg, 19.7%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] += 451.3
HNMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.12 –12.04 (br s, 1 H) , 5.77 (s, 2 H) , 5.37 (t, J = 6.79 Hz, 1 H) , 3.62 (t, J=8.07 Hz, 2 H) , 3.37 (s, 3 H) , 2.31 -2.21 (m, 1 H) , 1.94 (t, J = 7.03 Hz, 2 H) , 1.47 -1.34 (m, 1 H) , 1.16 -1.10 (m, 2 H) , 1.06 (dd, J =4.46, 2.38 Hz, 2 H) , 0.90 -0.81 (m, 8 H) , -0.06 (s, 9 H)
Chiral HPLC: 82%: 18% (two isomers) .
Example 1.14 Synthesis of intermediate 38a
Step 2. Synthesis of 38-2
To a solution of 38-1 (300 mg, 1.8 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (1.2 g, 3.7 mmol) and s4 (378.4 mg, 1.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 38-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~50%THF/PE @40 mL/min) to give 38-2 (300 mg, 57%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=291.1
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.96 (br s, 1H) , 7.06 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.17 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.56 (dd, J = 6.4, 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.76 (s, 3H) , 2.92 -2.85 (m, 2H) , 2.70 -2.62 (m, 2H) , 2.08 -1.94 (m, 2H) , 0.69 -0.57 (m, 1H) , 0.53 -0.38 (m, 2H) , 0.19 --0.01 (m, 2H) .
Step 3. Synthesis of 38a
To a solution of 38-2 (300 mg, 1.0 mmol) in THF (4 mL) and H2O (4 mL) was added LiOH (49.5 mg, 2.1 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 38-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z
was detected. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (0-5%MeCN: H2O) to give 38a (160 mg, 56%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] +=277.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.60 (s, 1H) , 7.26 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.11 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.23 (dd, J = 4.8, 10.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.81 -2.72 (m, 2H) , 2.48 -2.43 (m, 2H) , 1.95-1.89 (m, 1H) , 1.70-1.66 (m, 1H) , 0.52 -0.42 (m, 1H) , 0.31 -0.20 (m, 2H) , 0.00 --0.14 (m, 2H) .
Example 1.15 Synthesis of intermediate 39a
Step 1. Synthesis of 39-2
To a solution of s5-1 (2.0 g, 13.9 mmol) in PPA (20 mL) was added pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1.71 g, 13.9 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 200℃ for 3 hrs. LC-MS showed 39-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction was poured into ice water and adjusted pH = 6 with NaOH, filtered and the filter cake 39-2 (2.6 g, 88%) was obtained as a yellow solid without any purification.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 213.0
Step 2. Synthesis of 39-3
To a solution of 39-2 (2.6 g, 12.3 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added TEA (3.7 g, 36.8 mmol) and SEM-Cl (3.0 g, 18.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 39-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (500 mL) and H2O (200 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~50%THF/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to 39-3 (3.2 g, 76%) was obtained as yellow oil. This structure has been confirmed by 2D-NMR.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 343.1
1H NMR (400MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 10.74 (br s, 1H) , 8.75 (d, J =4.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.33 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.89 (dt, J=1.8, 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.46 -7.34 (m, 1H) , 7.21 (br s, 1H) , 6.82 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.72 -6.68 (m, 2H) , 3.68 -3.56 (m, 2H) , 0.90 -0.80 (m, 2H) , -0.09 --0.17 (m, 9H) .
Step 3. Synthesis of 39a
To a solution of 39-3 (400 mg, 1.2 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added s4-2 (338.2 mg, 1.8mmol) and NaOH (140.2 mg, 3.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at
70 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 39-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was used 1M HCl to adjust pH=3. The reaction was concentrated and purified by reversed-phase HPLC (column: Boston Prime C18 150*30mm*5um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 38%-78%, 9min) to give 39a (204 mg, 38%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 455.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 8.79 -8.70 (m, 1H) , 8.28 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.93 -7.84 (m, 1H) , 7.47 -7.38 (m, 1H) , 7.31 -7.20 (m, 1H) , 6.87 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.69 -6.60 (m, 2H) , 5.49 (br t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.63 -3.52 (m, 2H) , 2.22 -2.06 (m, 2H) , 0.89 -0.76 (m, 2H) , 0.73 -0.61 (m, 1H) , 0.52 -0.35 (m, 2H) , 0.27 -0.09 (m, 1H) , 0.09 -0.00 (m, 1H) , -0.10 --0.21 (m, 9H) .
Chiral HPLC: 82%: 18% (a pair of isomers) .
Example 1.16 Synthesis of intermediates 40a and 37a
Step 1. Synthesis of 40-2
To a solution of 40-1 (4.0g, 20.9 mmol) in EtOH (80 mL) was added Raney-Ni (10%, 1.3 g) under N2 atmosphere. The suspension was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times. The mixture was stirred under H2 (40 Psi ) at 25℃for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 40-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated directly to obtain 40-2 was as a yellow solid without any purification.
LCMS: [M+H] + =161.8
Step 2. Synthesis of 40-3
To a solution of 40-2 (2.0 g, 12.4 mmol) in PPA (20 mL) was added cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1.2 g, 13.6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120℃for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 40-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction was poured into ice water and adjust pH=6 with NaOH and extracted with EA (500 mL) , washed with brine (200 mL) , and dried over with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~20%THF/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to give 40-3 (1.6 g, 61%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + =211.9
Step 3. Synthesis of 40-4
A solution 40-3 (500 mg, 2.4 mmol) in HCOOH (5 mL) was stirred at 120 ℃for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 40-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction was concentrated directly to obtain 40-4 as a white solid without further purification.
LCMS: [M+Na] + =216.0
Step 4. Synthesis of 40-5
To a solution of 40-4 (1.4 g, 7.1 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added SEM-Cl (2.8 g, 17.0 mmol) and TEA (3.6 g, 5.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 40-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H2O (50 mL) and EA (50×3 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (20g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~35%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @60 mL/min) to give 40-5 (1.1 g, 48%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+H] + =324.2
Step 5. Synthesis of 40a
To a solution of 40-5 (500.0 mg, 1.6 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added 40-6 (447.6 mg, 2.3 mmol) and NaOH (185.5 mg, 4.6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 40-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=3 by HCl(1M) . The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (column: Boston Prime C18 150*30mm*5um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; B%: 41%-81%, 9min) to give 40a (179.6 mg, 27%) as a white soild.
LCMS: [M+H] +=436.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 7.18 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H) , 6.12 -6.04 (m, 2H) , 5.39 (br s, 1H) , 3.80 -3.67 (m, 2H) , 2.38 -2.19 (m, 1H) , 2.05 (br s, 2H) , 1.42 -1.32 (m, 2H) , 1.23 (dd, J = 2.9, 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 1.06 -0.87 (m, 2H) , 0.73 -0.53 (m, 1H) , 0.53 -0.40 (m, 2H) , 0.23 -0.13 (m, 1H) , 0.06-0.02 (m, 1H) , 0.00 (s, 9H) .
Chiral HPLC: 78%: 22% (a pair of isomers) .
Intermediate 37a was made following similar chemistry and procedures described as above.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 436.4
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 13.04 (br s, 1H) , 7.60 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.76 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.16 -6.04 (m, 2H) , 5.45 (br dd, J = 4.5, 10.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.70 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H) , 2.22 -2.01 (m, 2H) , 1.72 -1.59 (m, 2H) , 1.57 -1.43 (m, 2H) , 1.00 -0.86 (m, 2H) , 0.64 -0.52 (m, 1H) , 0.45 -0.28 (m, 2H) , 0.15 (qd, J = 4.7, 9.1 Hz, 1H) , 0.06 -0.05 (m, 10H) .
Chiral HPLC: 82%: 18% (two isomers) .
Example 1.17 Synthesis of intermediate 46a
Step 1: Synthesis of 46-2
To a solution of 46-1 (3.0 g, 20.3 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was added NaH (1.21 g, 30.4 mmol, 60%in mineral oil) at 0 ℃. After being stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr, TosCl (5.79 g, 30.4 mmol) was added to the above solution. The mixture was stirred
at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 46-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (100 mL) and H2O (100 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (120 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @80 mL/min) to obtain 46-2 (5.9 g, 96%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 303.0
Step 2: Synthesis of 46-3
To a solution of 46-2 (3.4 g, 11.3 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added LDA (1.33 g, 12.4 mmol) . After being stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hr, cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (1.41 g, 13.5 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added to the above solution, the mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 46-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl and partitioned between EA (100 mL) and H2O (100 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (120 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @80 mL/min) to obtain 46-3 (1.90 g, 46%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 370.9
Step 3: Synthesis of 46-4
To a solution of 46-3 (500 mg, 1.6 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) was added NaI (324 mg, 2.2 mmol) , TMSCl (235 mg, 2.2 mmol) , and H2O (12.2 mg, 0.68 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 hr. LC-MS showed 46-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (20 mL) and H2O (20 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (12 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to obtain 46-4 (420 mg, 87%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 357.1
Step 4: Synthesis of 46-5
To a solution of 46-4 (300 mg, 0.8 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added CS2CO3 (548 mg, 1.7 mmol) , s4 (227 mg, 1.0 mmol) , NaI (126 mg, 0.80 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 hrs. LC-MS showed 46-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (20 mL) and H2O (10 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (20 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%
Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @30 mL/min) to obtain 46-5 (330 mg, 81%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 483.2
Step 5: Synthesis of 46a
To a solution of 46-5 (300 mg, 0.62 mmol) in THF (2 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (52.2 mg, 1.2 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 hrs. LC-MS showed 46-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction was adjusted to pH = 4 by HCl (1 M) and concentrated directly. The solvent was concentrated and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Boston Prime C18 150*30mm*5um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; gradient: 35%-75%B over 9 min) to give 46a (140 mg, 48.1%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 315.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.91 (br s, 1H) , 12.59 (s, 1H) , 7.27 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.22 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.58 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 5.40–5.30 (m, 1H) , 2.95–2.85 (m, 1H) , 2.15–2.01 (m, 1H) , 1.98–1.87 (m, 1H) , 1.09–0.97 (m, 4H) , 0.58–0.44 (m, 1H) , 0.35-0.25 (m, 2H) , 0.13–0.02 (m, 1H) , -0.08–-0.06 (m, 1H) .
Example 1.18 Synthesis of intermediate 48a
Step 1: Synthesis of 48-2
A solution of ethyl 2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetate (10.1 g, 71.4 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) was cooled to -50 ℃. EtONa (12.1 g, 35.7 mmol) and 48-1 (3.00 g, 17.8 mmol) were added to the above mixture under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was left in the bath for 16 hrs, allowing it to slowly warm to 25 ℃. LC-MS showed 48-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with cold 10%HCl (50 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL *3) . The organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 48-2 (4.71 g, crude) as yellow liquid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 264.8
Step 2: Synthesis of 48-3
To a solution of 48-2 (4.71 g, 17.83 mmol) in EtOH (75 mL) and HOAc (15 mL) was added Zn (3.50 g, 53.49 mmol) at -40 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -40~25 ℃ for 16 hrs. LC-MS showed 48-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. After dilution with 1M HCl (1000 mL) at 0℃, the mixture was extracted with EA (500 mL x 3) . The combined organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (80 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 9%THF/PE @80 mL/min) to give 48-3 (1.3 g, 33.7%) as a light yellow solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 216.8
Step 3: Synthesis of 48-4
To a solution of 48-3 (1.3 g, 6.01 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) were added NaI (1.80 g, 12.0 mmol) , TMSCl (1.31 g, 12.0 mmol) and H2O (108 mg, 6.01 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 48-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (100 mL x 3) and H2O (100 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 31%THF/PE @60 mL/min) to give 48-4 (1.1 g, 90.5%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + =202.8
Step 4: Synthesis of 48-5
To a solution of 48-4 (570 mg, 2.82 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added NaH (226 mg, 5.64 mmol, 60%in mineral oil) at 0 ℃ and the reaction was stirred for 0.5 hr. Then s4 (1.17 g, 5.64 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 48-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (12 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~7%THF/PE @40 mL/min) to give 48-5 (500 mg, 54%yield) as yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 329.0
Step 5: Synthesis of 48a
To a solution of 48-5 (480 mg, 1.46 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (123 mg, 2.92 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1hr. LC-MS showed 48-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was neutralized with HCl (1M) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 48a (420 mg, 91.41%yield) as a white solid, which was used for next step without further purification.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 315.0
1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.29 (s, 1H) , 12.90 (br s, 1H) , 7.27 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 (s, 1H) , 6.58 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.36–5.34 (m, 1H) , 2.13–1.88 (m, 2H) , 0.58–0.47 (m, 1H) , 0.36–0.20 (m, 2H) , 0.12–-0.11 (m, 2H) .
Example 1.19 Synthesis of intermediates 49a and 50a
Step 1: Synthesis of 49-1
To a solution of 46-2 (1.1 g, 3.64 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added LDA (2 M, 2.00 mL) . The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hr. Then I2 (1.11 g, 4.37 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 46-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The residue was quenched with NH4Cl (150 mL) and extracted with EA (150 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~36%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to obtain 49-1 (1.33 g, 85.4%) as a yellow solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 428.9
Step 2: Synthesis of 49-2
A mixture of 49-1 (1.33 g, 3.11 mmol) , (2, 4, 6-trifluorophenyl) boronic acid (656 mg, 3.73 mmol) , K2CO3 (1.29 g, 9.32 mmol) and P (t-Bu) 3PdG2 (159 mg, 311 μmol) in DMF (20 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr under N2 atmosphere. LC-MS showed 49-1 was consumed completely with desired mass detected. The residue was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (80 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~20.6%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @60 mL/min) to obtained 49-2 (650 mg, 48.4%) as a brown oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 433.0
Step 3: Synthesis of 49-3
To a solution of 49-2 (650 mg, 1.50 mmol) in ACN (3 mL) was added TMSCl (327 mg, 3.01 mmol) , H2O (27.1 mg, 1.50 mmol) and NaI (451 mg, 3.01 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1hr. LC-MS showed 49-2 was
consumed completely and desired mass was detected. The residue was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~85%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to obtain 49-3 (620 mg, 98.6%) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 419.2
Step 4: Synthesis of 49-4
To a solution of 49-3 (960 mg, 2.29 mmol) and s4 (713 mg, 3.44 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (1.50 g, 4.59 mmol) and NaI (344 mg, 2.29 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 49-3 was consumed completely with desired mass detected. The residue was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~25%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @50 mL/min) to obtain 49-4 (1.2 g, 96%) as a colorless oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 545.3
Step 5: Synthesis of 49a
To a solution of 49-4 (1.2 g, 2.20 mmol) in dioxane (16 mL) was added NaOH (441 mg, 11.02 mmol) and H2O (6 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 49-4 was consumed completely and desired mass was detected. The residue was diluted with H2O (50 mL) , neutralized with 2M HCl and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: Boston Prime C18 150*30mm*5um; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; gradient: 21%-61%B over 9 min) to obtain 49a (135.4 mg, 16.3%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 377.0
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.88 (br s, 1H) , 12.25 (s, 1H) , 7.38 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H) , 7.20 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.60–6.52 (m, 2H) , 5.40–5.36 (m, 1H) , 2.10–2.06 (m, 1H) , 1.96–1.85 (m, 1H) , 0.59–0.45 (m, 1H) , 0.38–0.24 (m, 2H) , 0.15–0.05 (m, 1H) , 0.02–-0.07 (m, 1H) .
Intermediate 50a was made following similar chemistry and procedures described as above.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 359.1
Example 1.20 Synthesis of intermediate 53a
Step 1: Synthesis of 53-4
To a solution of 49-1 (2.60 g, 6.07 mmol) , sodium cyclopropanesulfinate (856 mg, 6.68 mmol) and CuI (2.89 g, 15.2 mmol) in DMSO (20 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2 atmosphere. LC-MS showed 49-1 was consumed completely and desired mass was detected. The residue was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~33%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient at 40 mL/min) to obtain 53-4 (2.4 g, 97.3%) as a brown solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 407.1
Step 2: Synthesis of 53-5
To a solution of 53-4 (2.4 g, 5.90 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) was added TMSCl (1.28 g, 11.8 mmol, ) , NaI (1.77 g, 11.8 mmol) and H2O (106 mg, 5.90 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1hr. LC-MS showed 53-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z or desired mass was detected. The residue was diluted with H2O (60 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 53-5 (2.3 g, 99.3%) as a brown solid, which was used for next step without any purification.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 393.0
Step 3: Synthesis of 53-6
To a solution of 53-5 (2.3 g, 5.86 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (3.82 g, 11.7 mmol) , methyl (2R) -2-bromo-3-cyclopropyl-propanoate (1.46 g, 7.03 mmol) and NaI (878 mg, 5.86 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 53-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z or desired mass was detected. The residue was diluted with H2O (150 mL) and extracted with EA (450 mL) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (150 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl
acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @50 mL/min) to obtain 53-6 (1.1 g, 36.2%) as a black solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 519.1
Step 4: Synthesis of 53a
To a solution of 53-6 (1.10 g, 2.12 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) and H2O (4 mL) was added NaOH (424 mg, 10.6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 53-6 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The residue was adjusted to pH = 2~3 with HCl (1M) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: C18 150×40mm; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; gradient: 18%-58%B over 9 min) to obtain 53a (345 mg, 46.4%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 351.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.34–13.18 (m, 1H) , 7.28 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.93 (s, 1H) , 6.59 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.37 (br dd, J = 5.0, 10.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.07–2.88 (m, 1H) , 2.22–2.00 (m, 1H) , 1.98–1.86 (m, 1H) , 1.28–1.19 (m, 2H) , 1.14–1.03 (m, 2H) , 0.57–0.43 (m, 1H) , 0.38–0.21 (m, 2H) , 0.08 (td, J = 4.5, 9.3 Hz, 1H) , 0.00–-0.11 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: a pair of isomers with the ratio 1: 1.
Example 1.21 Synthesis of intermediate 67a
Step 1: Synthesis of 67-2
To a solution of 53-5 (620 mg, 1.58 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NaH (94.8 mg, 2.37 mmol, 60%in mineral oil) at 0 ℃ and stirred for 0.5 hr. Then NaI (237 mg, 1.58 mmol) , 67-1 (538 mg, 2.37 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 53-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The residue was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (150 mL) and extracted with EA (150 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (150 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @60 mL/min) to obtain 67-2 (446 mg, 52.41%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 539.2
Step 2: Synthesis of 67a
To a solution of 67-2 (440 mg, 817 μmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added NaOH (163 mg, 4.08 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 67-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1N HCl to pH = 6~7 and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 67a (260 mg, 85.9%) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step without any purification.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 371.3
Example 1.22 Synthesis of intermediates 52a and 54a
Step 1: Synthesis of 52-2
To a solution of 52-1 (5.00 g, 20.1 mmol) in MeOH (80 mL) was added SOCl2 (4.77 g, 40.1 mmol) slowly at 25 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture concentrated under reduced pressure to give 52-2 (3.20 g, 97.7%) as a colorless oil.
1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.68 (br s, 2H) , 4.11 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.73 (s, 3H) , 2.33–2.08 (m, 2H) , 1.42 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) , 1.36 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) .
Step 2: Synthesis of 52-3
To a solution of 52-2 (3.20 g, 19.6 mmol) in HBr (29.7 g, 176 mmol) and H2O (30 mL) was added NaNO2 (1.62 g, 23.5 mmol) in H2O (10 mL) slowly at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (80 g, Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~10%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether gradient @80 mL/min) to obtain 52-3 (3.5 g, 78.0%) as a yellow liquid.
1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 4.63 (dd, J = 4.4, 9.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.70 (s, 3H) , 2.37–2.20 (m, 2H) , 1.35–1.28 (m, 6H) .
Step 3: Synthesis of 52-4
To a solution of 46-4 (700 mg, 1.96 mmol) and 52-3 (669 mg, 2.95 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (1.28 g, 3.93 mmol) and NaI (294 mg, 1.96 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 46-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture
was diluted with H2O (60 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (20 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether gradient @40 mL/min) to obtain 52-4 (560 mg, 56.7%) as a yellow solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 503.2
Step 4: Synthesis of 52a
To a solution of 52-4 (550 mg, 1.09 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added NaOH (306 mg, 7.66 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 52-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=3 with HCl (1 M) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 52a (350 mg, 95.6%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 335.1
1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.65 (s, 2H) , 7.36–7.27 (m, 2H) , 6.63 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 5.58 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.93 (q, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H) , 2.67–2.48 (m, 2H) , 1.40–1.33 (m, 3H) , 1.33–1.26 (m, 3H) , 1.11–1.05 (m, 4H) .
Chiral HPLC: a pair of isomers with the ratio 1: 1.
Intermediate 54a was made following similar chemistry and procedures described as above.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 397.3
Example 1.23 Synthesis of intermediate 51a
Step 1: Synthesis of 51-2
To a solution of diethyl oxalate (1.91 g, 13.1 mmol) in EtOH (40 mL) was added t-BuOK (1.33 g, 11.9 mmol) under N2 and the reaction was stirred for 15 mins at rt. Then 51-1 (2.00 g, 11.9 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃for 16 hrs. TLC indicated 51-1 was consumed completely and one new spot was formed. The mixture was diluted with HCl (1M, 150 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL x 3) . The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~20%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether gradient @40 mL/min) to give 51-2 (2.10 g, 65.8%) as a yellow solid.
1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.25 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.81 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.11 (s, 1H) , 6.32 (s, 1H) , 4.41 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 4.06 (s, 3H) , 1.41 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) .
Step 2: Synthesis of 51-3
To a solution of 51-2 (3.90 g, 14.5 mmol) in EtOH (100 mL) was added Pd/C (2.00 g, 10%) under N2. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H2 several times. The mixture was stirred under H2 (20 psi) at 70 ℃ for 2 hours. LC-MS showed 51-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 51-3 (2.30 g, 71.8%) as a yellow solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 221.1
Step 3: Synthesis of 51-4
To a solution of 51-3 (2.13 g, 9.67 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) was added TMSCl (2.10 g, 19.3 mmol) and NaI (2.90 g, 19.3 mmol) and H2O (174 mg, 9.70 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1hr. LC-MS showed 51-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL x 3) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was
purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~50%PE/THF @80 mL/min) to give 51-4 (847 mg, 42.5%) as white oil.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 207.0
Step 4: Synthesis of 51-5
To a solution of 51-4 (847 mg, 4.11 mmol) in THF (25 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (1.03 g, 24.7 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 51-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was neutralized with HCl (1N) and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by reverse column to obtain 51-5 was as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 179.0
Step 5: Synthesis of 51-6
To a solution of 51-5 (736 mg, 4.13 mmol) , tert-butyl 2, 2, 2-trichloroethanimidate (3.16 g, 14.5 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then BF3. Et2O (1.17 g, 8.26 mmol) was added at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 0-25 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2 atmosphere. LC-MS showed 51-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (100 mL x 2) and H2O (100 mL) . The
organic phase was separated, washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (20 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~50%THF/Petroleum ethergradient @80 mL/min) to give 51-6 (70.0 mg, 7.2%) as a colorless oil.
LCMS: [M-56+H] + = 178.7
Step 6: Synthesis of 51-7
To a solution 51-6 (30.0 mg, 128 μmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added s4 (39.8 mg, 192 μmol) , NaI (19.2 mg, 128 μmol) and Cs2CO3 (83.5 mg, 256 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2hr. LC-MS showed 51-6 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EA (25 mL*2) and H2O (25 mL) . The organic phase was separated, washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (12 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~50%PE/THF @40 mL/min) to give 51-7 (39.0 mg, 84.5%) as colorless oil.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 361.0
Step 7: Synthesis of 51a
To a solution of 51-7 (39.0 mg, 108 μmol) in THF (5 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (27.3 mg, 649 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 51-7 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired MS was detected. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1N HCl to pH =6~7 and extracted with EA (20 mL x 3) . The organic phase was washed with brine (25 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 51a (25.2 mg, 67.2%) as a colorless oil.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 347.4
Example 1.24 Synthesis of intermediates 68a and 69a
Step 1: Synthesis of 68-2
To a solution of 68-1 (1.20 g, 9.44 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added TEA (1.91 g, 18.8 mmol) and PhN (Tf) 2 (4.05 g, 11.3 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 68-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%
Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ether gradient @50 mL/min) to obtain 68-2 (1.35 g, 55.1%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 260.2
Step 2: Synthesis of 68-3
To a solution of 68-2 (1.35 g, 5.21 mmol) and Bin2P2 (1.98 g, 7.81 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was added Pd (dppf) Cl2 (381 mg, 520 umol) and KOAc (1.28 g, 13.0 mmol) . The mixture was charged with N2 for three times and stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. TLC showed 68-2 was consumed completely and one new spot was detected. The reaction mixture was used for next step without further work-up.
Step 3: Synthesis of 68-4
To a solution of 68-3 (814 mg, 5.25 mmol) and 49-1 (1.50 g, 3.50 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added Pd (dppf) Cl2 (256 mg, 350 umol) and K2CO3 (1.21 g, 8.76 mmol) . The mixture was charged with N2 and stirred at 80 ℃for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 68-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (60 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (40 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of
0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @50 mL/min) to obtain 68-4 (1.00 g, 69.4%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 412.3
Step 4: Synthesis of 68-5
To a solution of 68-4 (1.00 g, 2.43 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) was added NaI (728 mg, 4.86 mmol) , TMSCl (528 mg, 4.86 mmol) and H2O (43.7 mg, 2.43 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 68-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (60 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue 68-5 (950 mg, 98.3%) as a yellow solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 398.3
Step 5: Synthesis of 68-6
To a solution of 68-5 (950 mg, 2.39 mmol) and 52-3 (814 mg, 3.59 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (1.56 g, 4.78 mmol) and NaI (429 mg, 2.87 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. LC-MS showed 68-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture
was diluted with H2O (60 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (20 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~30%Ethyl acetate/Petroleum ethergradient @40 mL/min) to obtain 68-6 (900 mg, 69.2%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 544.1
Step 6: Synthesis of 68a
To a solution of 68-6 (900 mg, 1.66 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added NaOH (331 mg, 8.28 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 1 hr. LC-MS showed 68-6 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired m/z was detected. The reaction mixture was adjusted to pH= 3~4 with HCl (1 M) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 68a (600 mg, 96.5%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 376.4
Intermediate 69a was made following similar chemistry and procedures described as above.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 362.1
Example 2. Synthesis of Compounds
Example 2.1 Synthesis of Compound 1
Step 1. Synthesis of 1-8
To a solution of 1a (248.0 mg, 1.072 mmol 1.5 eq) and DIEA (0.354 mL, 2.145 mmol 3.0 eq) in DMF (5mL) was added s1 (300 mg, 0.715 mmol 1.0eq) and T3P (50%in EA, 1820 mg, 2.860 mmol, 4.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃for 6 hours. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved with EA (20 mL) , washed with H2O (20 mL*3) , dried to afford the 1-8 (400 mg, 88%) as brown oil.
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) + = 633.2
Step 2. Synthesis of 1-9
To a solution of compound 1-8 (600 mg, 0.948 mmol 1.0 eq) in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 5h. The mixture was dried to afford compound crude 1-9 (300 mg, 63%) as brown solid, which was used to next step directly without further purification.
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) += 503.2
Step 3. Synthesis of Compound 1
To a solution of 1-9 (130 mg, 0.259 mmol 1.0 eq) in THF (5 mL) was added Burgess reagent (47.4 mg, 0.199 mmol, 6.0 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 6 hours. The mixture was concentrated to afford the residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (mobile phase: MeCN/H2O, additive: 0.1%TFA) to afford Compound 1-P1 (7.05 mg, 90.4%purity) and Compound 1-P2 (12.81 mg, 97.3%purity) .
1-P1 Confirmed by 1H NMR as below:
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ 9.10 (s, 1H) , 7.46 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.82 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.68 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.36 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.23 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.96 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.97 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H) , 4.44 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.97 (d, J = 10.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.83 (s, 1H) , 2.86 (dd, J = 13.2, 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.49 (dd, J = 13.0, 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.09 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 1.93 (dd, J = 14.3,
7.9 Hz, 2H) , 1.54 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 1.18 (s, 2H) , 1.13 –1.06 (m, 2H) , 0.95 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 6H) .
1-P2 Confirmed by 1H NMR as below:
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.66 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.35 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.28 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.19 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.04 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.91 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.68 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.80 (dd, J = 9.6, 5.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.19 (dd, J = 8.7, 6.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.91 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.72 –2.57 (m, 2H) , 2.41 (dd, J =13.3, 6.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.14 –2.10 (m, 1H) , 1.91 –1.79 (m, 2H) , 1.27 (dd, J = 13.9, 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.09 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 4H) , 0.94 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 0.82 (dd, J = 11.8, 6.6 Hz, 6H) .
Synthesis of Compound 7
Compound 7 was made from compound 7a. Compound 7 was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 7-P1 and 7-P2.
7-P1:
LC/MS [M+H] += 503.3.
Chiral HPLC: 93%purity.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.78 -12.56 (m, 1H) , 10.72 (s, 1H) , 7.39 -7.33 (m, 1H) , 7.03 -6.93 (m, 1H) , 6.79 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.63 -6.52 (m, 1H) , 6.38
-6.25 (m, 1H) , 6.07 -6.04 (m, 1H) , 5.15 -5.11 (m, 1H) , 4.23 -3.88 (m, 2H) , 2.68 -2.53 (m, 3H) , 2.45 -2.30 (m, 2H) , 2.03 -1.96 (m, 1H) , 1.31 -1.15 (m, 6H) , 1.03 -0.87 (m, 4H) .
7-P2:
LC/MS [M+H] += 503.3.
Chiral HPLC: 97.6%purity.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.09 -12.65 (m, 1H) , 10.71 -10.65 (m, 1H) , 7.29 -7.27 (m, 2H) , 7.15 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.04 -7.00 (m, 1H) , 6.90 (d, J =7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.63 -6.54 (m, 1H) , 6.01 -5.89 (m, 1H) , 5.19 (dd, J = 8.8, 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.90 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.54 -3.43 (m, 1H) , 2.65 -2.58 (m, 2H) , 2.41 -2.02 (m, 3H) , 1.39 -1.20 (m, 6H) , 1.12 -0.91 (m, 4H) .
Synthesis of Compound 9
Compound 9 was made from compound 9a. Compound 9 was purified by prep-HPLC C18 (0.1%NH3. H2O, acetonitrile/water = 35%-45%) to give Compounds 9-P1 and 9-P2 (63.00 mg, 18%yield) .
9-P1:
MS (ESI+) m/z 483.20 [M+H] +.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.83 (s, 0.7H) , 12.43 (s, 0.3H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.37 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.19 -7.03 (m, 1H) , 6.87 -6.48 (m, 4H) , 5.84 (t, J = 4.0
Hz, 1H) , 5.15 -5.11 (m, 1H) , 4.23 -3.96 (m, 2H) , 2.73 -2.55 (m, 1.3H) , 2.49 -2.45 (m, 0.7H) , 2.03 -1.89 (m, 3H) , 1.02 -0.85 (m, 4H) , 0.64 -0.54 (m, 1H) , 0.38 -0.26 (m, 2H) , 0.17 -0.12 (m, 1H) , 0.01 -0.25 (m, 1H) .
9-P2:
MS (ESI+) m/z 483.20 [M+H] +.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.06 (s, 0.7H) , 12.56 (s, 0.3H) , 10.69 (s, 1H) , 7.29 -7.14 (m, 3H) , 7.02 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.90 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.06 -5.77 (m, 1H) , 5.21 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.89 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.61 -3.48 (m, 1H) , 2.68 -2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.42 -2.32 (m, 1H) , 2.10 -1.96 (m, 2H) , 1.75 -1.65 (m, 1H) , 1.06 -0.94 (m. 4H) , 0.58 -0.42 (m, 1H) , 0.32 -0.25 (m, 1H) , 0.18 -0.14 (m, 1H) , 0.08 -0.04 (m, 1H) , -0.14 -0.18 (m, 1H) .
Synthesis of Compound 27
Compound 27 was made from compound 27a. Compound 27 was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 27-P1 and 27-P2.
27-P1:
LC-MS [M+1] + =503.30
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.29 (brs, 1H) , 10.70 (s, 1H) , 7.46-7.32 (m, 1H) , 7.05 –6.69 (m, 1H) , 6.66 –6.35 (m, 4H) , 5.90-5.86 (m, 1H) , 5.17-5.11 (m, 1H) , 4.24 –3.86 (m, 2H) , 2.70 –2.53 (m, 1H) , 2.47 –2.43 (m, 1H) , 2.09 –1.90 (m,
1H) , 1.87 –1.72 (m, 1H) , 1.64 –1.49 (m, 2H) , 1.43 –1.26 (m, 3H) , 0.84 (d, 6H) .
27-P2:
LC-MS [M+1] + =503.30
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.49 (brs, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.38 –7.12 (m, 3H) , 7.08 –6.58 (m, 3H) , 5.88 –5.71 (m, 1H) , 5.21-5.17 (m, 1H) , 4.02 –3.44 (m, 2H) , 2.70 –2.56 (m, 1H) , 2.45 –2.26 (m, 1H) , 1.86 –1.76 (m, 2H) , 1.65 –1.52 (m, 2H) , 1.42 –1.25 (m, 3H) , 0.81 (m, 6H) .
Synthesis of Compound 35
Compound 35 was made from compound 35a, and was purified by pre-HPLC C18 (0.1%FA, acetonitrile/water=45-55%) , to give Compounds 35-P1 and 35-P2.
35-P1:
MS (ESI+) m/z 1053.7 [2M+23] +
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.09 (br s, 1H) , 10.59 (s, 1H) , 7.05 (d, 1H) , 6.86-6.75 (m, 3H) , 5.38 (s, 1H) , 4.96 (s, 1H) , 3.61 (m, 1H) , 3.45 (m 1H) , 3.34 (s, 3H) , 2.50 (m, 1H) , 2.37 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.87 (d, J = 37.6 Hz, 3H) , 1.33 (m, 1H) , 0.98 (m, 3H) , 0.86-0.82 (m, 7H) .
35-P2:
MS (ESI+) m/z 1031.6 [2M+1] +
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.74 (s, 1H) , 8.45 (s, 1H) , 7.24 (m, 1H) , 7.08 –6.87 (m, 3H) , 5.18 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.78 (m, 2H) , 3.25 –3.14 (m, 3H) , 2.31 (s, 1H) , 2.02 (m, 2H) , 1.62 (s, 1H) , 1.41 (s, 1H) , 1.03 –0.94 (m, 5H) , 0.86 –0.76 (m, 6H) .
Synthesis of Compound 36
Compound 36 was made from compound 36a, and was purified by pre-HPLC to give Compounds 36-P1 (15.1 mg) and 36-P2 (2.3 mg) .
36-P1:
MS (ESI+) m/z 486.2 [M+H] +.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.11 (s, 1H) , 10.71 (s, 1H) , 8.30 (s, 1H) , 7.27-7.09 (m, 1H) , 6.98-6.64 (m, 3H) , 5.77-5.75 (m, 1H) , 5.79-5.12 (m, 1H) , 4.06-4.01 (m, 2H) , 2.68-2.58 (m, 2H) , 2.23-2.15 (m, 1H) , 2.05-1.99 (m, 1H) , 1.87-1.84 (m, 1H) , 1.39-1.29 (m, 1H) , 1.05-1.02 (m, 4H) , 0.88-0.87 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H) , 0.83-0.82 (d, J=6.4 Hz,3H) .
36-P2:
MS (ESI+) m/z 486.2 [M+H] +
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.27 (s, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 8.25 (s, 1H) ,
7.27-6.89 (m, 4H) , 5.72 (s, 1H) , 5.18-5.15 (m, 1H) , 3.97-3.94 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.78-3.67 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.68-2.64 (m, 2H) , 2.04 (s, 2H) , 1.83-1.77 (m, 1H) , 1.33-1.30 (m, 1H) , 1.03 (s, 3H) , 0.95-0.91 (m, 1H) , 0.81-0.79 (m, 6H) .
Synthesis of Compound 37
Compound 37 was made from compound 37a and s1, and was purified by pre-HPLC to give Compounds 37-P1 and 37-P2.
37-P1:
LC-MS [M+H] += 501.30.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.70 (s, 1H) , 7.46-7.44 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.07-7.03 (m, 1H) , 6.82-6.80 (m, 1H) , 6.63 (m, 3H) , 5.87-5.83 (m, 1H) , 5.14-5.10 (m, 1H) , 4.12 (s, 1H) , 4.00-3.97 (m, 1H) , 2.51-2.50 (m, 1H) , 2.50-2.49 (m, 1H) , 1.89 (s, 2H) , 1.59-1.47 (m, 2H) , 1.31 (s, 2H) , 0.59-0.54 (m, 1H) , 0.37-0.27 (m, 2H) , 0.17-0.14 (m, 1H) , 0.02--0.03 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%purity
37-P2:
LC-MS [M+H] += 501.30.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.75 (s, 1H) , 7.36-7.29 (m, 2H) , 7.21-7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.08-7.05 (m, 1H) , 6.96-6.94 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.70-6.69 (m,
1H) , 5.90-5.85 (m, 1H) , 5.38-5.24 (m, 1H) , 3.97-3.91 (m, 1H) , 3.60-3.56 (m, 1H) , 2.68-2.63 (m, 1H) , 2.47-2.44 (m, 1H) , 2.07-2.01 (m, 1H) , 1.78-1.74 (m, 1H) , 1.67-1.58 (m, 2H) , 1.43-1.41 (d, J=5.6 Hz , 2H) , 0.58-0.57 (m, 1H) , 0.36-0.30 (m, 1H) , 0.23-0.20 (m, 1H) , 0.13-0.11 (m, 1H) , -0.07--0.11 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%purity
Synthesis of Compound 39
Compound 39 was made from compound 39a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 39-P1 and 39-P2.
39-P1:
LC/MS [M+H] += 520.3.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.36 (s, 1H) , 10.70 (s, 1H) , 8.70 (d, J =4.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.98 (td, J = 7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 -7.48 (m, 2H) , 7.05 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.84 -6.60 (m, 4H) , 5.88 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.14 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.12 -3.99 (m, 2H) , 2.64 -2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.49-2.46 (m, 1H) , 1.91 (t, J =6.8 Hz, 2H) , 0.67 -0.59 (m, 1H) , 0.42 -0.27 (m, 2H) , 0.20 -0.14 (m, 1H) , 0.05 -0.01 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%purity
39-P2:
LC/MS [M+H] += 520.3.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.48 (s, 1H) , 10.70 (s, 1H) , 8.71 -8.70 (m, 1H) , 8.22 (d, J = 7.6 z, 1H) , 7.99 (td, J = 7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 -7.50 (m, 1H) , 7.35 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.27 (td, J = . 6, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.17 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.03 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.90 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.65 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.86 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.23 (dd, J = 8.8, 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.93 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.53 (d, J = 10.4, 1H) , 2.67 -2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.44 -2.39 (m, 1H) , 2.06 -1.99 (m, 1H) , 1.75 -1.65 (m, 1H) , 0.62 -0.52 (m, 1H) , 0.34 -0.27 (m, 1H) , 0.19 -0.15 (m, 1H) , 0.08 -0.04 (m, 1H) , -0.12 --0.15 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%purity
Synthesis of Compound 40
Compound 40 was made from compound 40a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 40-P1 and 40-P2.
40-P1:
LC-MS [M+H] += 501.2.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.08 (br s, 1H) , 10.70 (s, 1H) , 7.51-7.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.06-7.02 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.83-6.81 (d, J=7.6 Hz 1H) , 6.67-6.65 (d, J=7.2 Hz 1H) , 6.53-6.50 (t, 1H) , 5.83-5.79 (m, 1H) , 5.20-5.16 (m, 1H) , 4.20-4.17 (d, J=10.8 Hz , 1H) , 3.97-3.94 (d, J=10.8 Hz , 1H) , 2.61-2.51 (m, 1H) , 2.48-2.45 (m,
1H) , 2.06-2.05 (m, 1H) , 1.95-1.84 (m, 2H) , 1.06-1.02 (m, 4H) , 0.65-0.55 (m, 1H) , 0.35-0.29 (m, 2H) , 0.16-0.14 (m, 1H) , 0.01-0 (m, 1H) .
40-P2:
LC-MS [M+H] += 501.2.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.08 (br s, 1H) , δ 10.80 (s, 1H) , 7.72-7.66 (m, 1H) , 7.43-7.16 (m, 2H) , 7.05-6.89 (m, 2H) , 5.75-5.71 (m, 1H) , 5.28-5.17 (m, 1H) , 3.98-3.93 (m, 1H) , 3.70-3.65 (m, 1H) , 2.70-2.61 (m, 2H) , 2.50-2.41 (m, 1H) , 2.15-2.93 (m, 2H) , 1.85-1.75 (m, 1H) , 1.11-1.06 (m, 4H) , 0.58 (s, 1H) , 0.37-0.30 (m,1H) , 0.12-0.08 (m, 1H) , -0.06--0.11 (m, 1H) .
Example 2.2 Synthesis of Compound 2
To a solution of compound 2a (40.0 mg, 0.144 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound s2 (31.0 mg, 0.144 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added HATU (82 mg, 0.216 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DIEA (56 mg, 0.433 mmol, 3.0 eq) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hr. The reaction was monitored by LCMS. After completion, the mixture was filtered to afford the residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (mobile phase: NH4HCO3/ACN/H2O) to give Compound 2 (11.6 mg, 25%) .
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) + = 473.4.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 12.50 (s, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.14-7.04 (m, 1H) , 6.88-6.81 (m, 1H) , 6.78-6.64 (m, 1H) , 6.51 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.20-5.07 (m, 1H) , 4.98-4.89 (m, 1H) , 4.44-4.12 (m, 2H) , 4.05-3.89 (m, 1H) , 3.89-3.76 (m, 1H) ,
2.62-2.56 (m, 1H) , 2.03-1.90 (m, 1H) , 1.89-1.77 (m, 1H) , 1.61-1.49 (m, 1H) , 1.42-1.29 (m, 1H) , 1.04-0.78 (m, 11H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%
Example 2.3 Synthesis of Compound 6
Step 1. Synthesis of 6a-1
To a solution of compound 6a (110 mg, 0.395 mmol) and compound s1 (127 mg, 0.474 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added TCFH (332 mg, 1.18 mmol) and NMI (324 mg, 3.95 mmol) under N2, then the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hours. TLC (PE: EA = 0: 1) showed compound 6a was consumed completely and one new spot was detected. The mixture was poured into water (20 mL) , then it was extracted with EA (20 mL x 3) . The organic phase was washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give compound 6a-1 (120 mg, crude) as a yellow oil.
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) + = 492.2.
Step 2. Synthesis of Compound 6
To a solution of compound 6a-1 (120.0 mg, 0.146 mmol, crude) in THF (4 mL) was added Burgess reagent (292.0 mg, 1.22 mmol) slowly under N2, then the solution was stirred at 25 ℃ for 3 hours. TLC (PE: EA = 1: 1) showed compound 6a-1 was consumed completely and one new spot with lower polarity was detected. The mixture was poured into water (10 mL) , then it was extracted with EA (10 mL x 3) . The organic phase was washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) , then dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give the residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (CH3CN, H2O, FA) to afford Compound 6 (20 mg, 29%yield) .
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) + = 474.5.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.90 (s, 1H) , 7.65 (s, 1H) , 7.39 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.25 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.94 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.81 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.58 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.25 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.90 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.99 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.57 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.05 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.90 (ddd, J = 14.6, 12.8, 8.3 Hz, 3H) , 2.67 –2.52 (m, 3H) , 2.01 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.58 –1.53 (m, 1H) , 1.00 (dd, J = 10.8, 6.6 Hz, 6H) .
The following compounds were made following similar chemistry and procedures as described above.
Synthesis of Compound 28
Compound 28 was made from compound 28a.
LCMS: m/z (ES+) (M+H) + = 433.2.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ10.69 (s, 1H) , 7.98 (s, 1H) , 7.10 (dd, J =8.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.83 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 6.58 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.14 (dd, J = 8.6, 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.98 (dd, J = 10.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.45 –4.29 (m, 2H) , 3.98 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.87 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.60 (dd, J = 13.2, 9.0 Hz, 2H) , 1.91 –1.82 (m, 1H) , 1.62-1.54 (m, 1H) , 1.41-1.37 (m, 1H) , 0.89 (dd, J = 12.8, 6.6 Hz, 6H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%purity
Synthesis of Compound 32
Compound 32 was made from compound 32a.
MS (ESI+) m/z 527.10 [M+H] +.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.05 (s, 0.5H) , 12.87 (s, 0.5H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.98 -7.94 (m, 1H) , 7.53 -7.50 (m, 1H) , 7.43 -7.34 (m, 2H) , 7.08 -6.98 (m, 1H) , 6.09 -6.79 (m, 2H) , 6.69 -3.48 (m, 1H) , 5.21 -5.15 (m, 1H) , 5.04 -5.00 (m, 1H) , 4.51 -4.37 (m, 2H) , 4.06 -3.85 (m, 2H) , 2.68 -2.58 (m, 2H) , 1.95 -1.83 (m, 1H) , 1.64 -1.57 (m, 1H) , 1.48 -1.36 (m, 1H) , 0.92 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H) , 0.90 (d, J =6.8 Hz, 3H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%purity
Synthesis of Compound 38
Compound 38 was made from compound 38a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC and rep-HPLC to give Compounds 38-P1 and 38-P2.
38-P1:
LC-MS [2M+23] += 965.6.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.68 (s, 1H) , 8.68 (s, 1H) , 7.38-7.36 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.22-7.16 (m, 1H) , 6.86-6.82 (m, 3H) , 6.29-6.27 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.72-5.68 (m 1H) , 5.15-5.11 (m, 1H) , 4.13-4.10 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.02-3.99 (d, J =10.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.78-2.74 (m, 2H) , 2.67-2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.49-2.47 (m, 1H) , 2.42-2.38 (m, 2H) , 2.02-1.82 (m, 2H) , 0.64-0.57 (m, 1H) , 0.42-0.31 (m, 2H) , 0.19-0.13 (m, 1H) , 0.07-0.04 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: 100%purity
38-P2:
LC-MS [2M+23] += 965.6.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.76 (s, 1H) , 9.05 (s, 1H) , 7.38-7.30 (m, 2H) , 7.22-7.20 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.06-7.02 (m, 1H) , 7.95-7.93 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.36-6.34 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.75-5.72 (m, 1H) , 5.27-5.23 (m, 1H) , 4.03-4.00 (d, J =10.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.83-3.80 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.88-2.82 (m, 2H) , 2.70-2.65 (m, 1H) , 2.51-2.46 (m, 3H) , 2.02-1.97 (m, 1H) , 1.80-1.74 (m, 1H) , 0.67-0.61 (m, 1H) , 0.36-0.34 (m, 1H) , 0.23-0.22 (m, 1H) , 0.12-0.09 (m, 1H) , 0--0.02 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: 99.5%purity
Synthesis of Compound 41
Compound 41 was made from compound 37a and s3, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 41-P1 and 41-P2.
41-P1:
LC-MS [M+H] += 535.3
CHIRAL-HPLC: 98.47%purity
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.20 (br s, 1H) , 10.82 (s. 1H) , 7.46 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.13-7.11 (m, 1H) , 6.92 -6.78 (m, 2H) , 6.62 (s, 1H) , 5.89 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.20 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.29 -4.10 (m, 1H) , 4.02 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.68 -2.61 (m, 1H) , 2.49 -2.46 (m, 1H) , 1.96 -1.83 (m, 2H) , 1.60 -1.54 (m, 2H) , 1.42 -1.21 (m, 2H) , 0.65 -0.52 (m, 1H) , 0.40 -0.28 (m, 2H) , 0.17 -0.14 (m, 1H) , 0.02 --0.05 (m, 1H) .
41-P2:
LC-MS [M+H] += 535.3
CHIRAL-HPLC: 98.50%purity
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.24 (br s, 1H) , 10.85 (s. 1H) , 7.34 -7.28 (m, 3H) , 6.90 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.64 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.91 -5.76 (m, 1H) , 5.30 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.99 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.62 -3.49 (m, 1H) , 2.68 -2.63 (m, 1H) ,
2.44 -2.39 (m, 1H) , 2.04 -1.97 (m, 1H) , 1.75 -1.55 (m, 3H) , 1.42 -1.24 (m, 2H) , 0.58 -0.51 (m, 1H) , 0.35 -0.28 (m, 1H) , 0.20 -0.14 (m, 1H) , 0.09 -0.06 (m, 1H) , -0.11 --0.15 (m, 1H) .
Synthesis of Compound 46
Compound 46 was made from compound 46a.
LC-MS [M+1] + = 510.4
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.5 (brs, 1H) , 10.67 (s, 1H) , 7.40–7.03 (m, 4H) , 6.89–6.59 (m, 3H) , 5.90–5.76 (m, 1H) , 5.27–5.11 (m, 1H) , 4.17–3.91 (m, 2H) , 2.91–2.82 (m, 1H) , 2.69–2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.09–1.67 (m, 2H) , 1.33–1.23 (m, 1H) , 1.13–0.99 (m, 4H) , 0.70–0.54 (m, 1H) , 0.47–0.25 (m, 2H) , 0.22–0.13 (m, 1H) , 0.11–0.04 (m, 1H) .
Chiral HPLC: a pair of isomers with the ratio 1: 1.
Synthesis of Compound 48
Compound 48 was made from compound 48a.
LC-MS [M+H] + = 510.2.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.34 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 0.5H) , 7.29 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 0.5H) , 7.13 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.06 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 0.5H) , 6.96–6.90 (m, 1H) , 6.82–6.73 (m, 2.5H) , 6.46 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.5H) , 6.36 (td, J = 7.2, 0.4 Hz, 0.5H) , 5.97–5.94 (m, 0.5H) , 5.91–5.87 (m, 0.5H) , 5.23 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 0.5H) , 5.13 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 0.5H) , 4.37 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 0.5H) , 4.01–3.88 (m, 1H) , 3.55 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 0.5H) , 2.70–2.56 (m, 2H) , 2.27–2.18 (m, 0.5H) , 2.14–2.07 (m, 0.5H) , 1.92–1.85 (m, 0.5H) , 1.67–1.60 (m, 0.5H) , 0.72–0.61 (m, 1H) , 0.52–0.29 (m, 2H) , 0.26–0.15 (m, 1H) , 0.10–0.00 (m, 0.5H) , -0.09–-0.15 (m, 0.5H) .
Chiral HPLC: a pair of isomers with the ratio 1: 1.
Synthesis of Compound 49
Compound 49 was made from compound 49a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 49-P1 and 49-P2.
49-P1:
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 572.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.14 (s, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.36 (t, J =8.7 Hz, 2H) , 7.26 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.06–6.98 (m, 1H) , 6.80 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.72–6.62 (m, 2H) , 6.59–6.50 (m, 2H) , 5.88 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.14 (dd, J = 7.0, 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.22 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.02 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.65–2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.46 (br s, 1H) , 1.92 (dt, J = 7.0, 15.0 Hz, 2H) , 0.70–0.56 (m, 1H) , 0.46–0.24 (m, 2H) , 0.24–0.12 (m, 1H) , 0.09–0.00 (m, 1H) .
49-P2:
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 572.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.37–12.23 (m, 1H) , 10.73–10.62 (m, 1H) , 7.42–7.36 (m, 2H) , 7.31–7.24 (m, 1H) , 7.16 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.10 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.06–7.01 (m, 1H) , 6.93–6.89 (m, 1H) , 6.70–6.66 (m, 1H) , 6.61–6.56 (m, 1H) , 5.80 (dd, J = 6.8, 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 5.28–5.18 (m, 1H) , 3.99–3.90 (m, 1H) , 3.61–3.55 (m, 1H) , 2.67–2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.45–2.40 (m, 1H) , 2.05–1.95 (m, 1H) , 1.82–1.70 (m, 1H) , 0.63–0.51 (m, 1H) , 0.37–0.28 (m, 1H) , 0.24–0.17 (m, 1H) , 0.09 (qd, J = 4.5, 9.1
Hz, 1H) , -0.04–-0.14 (m, 1H) .
Synthesis of Compound 50
Compound 50 was made from compound 50a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 50-P1 and 50-P2.
50-P1:
LCMS: [M+H] + = 554.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.16 (br s, 1H) , 10.78–10.40 (m, 1H) , 8.04–7.93 (m, 1H) , 7.44–7.35 (m, 1H) , 7.29–7.14 (m, 2H) , 7.00 (br t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.80 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.73–6.53 (m, 4H) , 5.89 (br t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 5.14 (br t, J =7.5 Hz, 1H) , 4.23 (br d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.03 (br d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.02–1.85 (m, 4H) , 0.61 (br dd, J = 4.6, 7.0 Hz, 1H) , 0.43–0.28 (m, 2H) , 0.18 (br dd, J = 4.0, 9.1 Hz, 1H) , 0.07–0.00 (m, 1H) .
50-P2:
LCMS: [M+H] + = 554.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.54–12.28 (m, 1H) , 10.75–10.61 (m, 1H) , 8.13–8.01 (m, 1H) , 7.45–7.35 (m, 1H) , 7.31–7.13 (m, 3H) , 7.10–7.00 (m, 2H) , 6.91 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.77–6.65 (m, 2H) , 5.80 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.24 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 3.95 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.57 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.68–2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.09–1.98 (m, 1H) , 1.74 (td, J = 8.0, 14.0 Hz, 1H) , 0.64–0.52 (m, 1H) , 0.37–0.26 (m, 1H) , 0.24–0.04 (m, 3H) , -0.10 (qd, J = 4.4, 8.9 Hz, 1H) .
Synthesis of Compound 51
Compound 51 was made from compound 51a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 51-P1 and 51-P2.
51-P1:
LCMS: [M+H] + = 542.4
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 10.90–10.57 (m, 1H) , 7.27 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.19–7.14 (m, 1H) , 7.10–6.99 (m, 2H) , 6.93–6.89 (m, 2H) , 6.69–6.64 (m, 1H) , 5.83–5.72 (m, 1H) , 5.26–5.18 (m, 1H) , 3.94–3.85 (m, 1H) , 3.58–3.48 (m, 1H) , 2.65–2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.45–2.37 (m, 1H) , 2.10–1.96 (m, 1H) , 1.79–1.68 (m, 1H) , 1.54 (s, 9H) , 0.60–0.49 (m, 1H) , 0.33–0.25 (m, 1H) , 0.19–0.10 (m, 1H) , 0.07 (qd, J = 4.6, 9.2 Hz, 1H) , -0.10–-0.18 (m, 1H) .
51-P2:
LCMS: [M+H] + = 542.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.66–12.21 (m, 1H) , 10.70 (s, 1H) , 7.32–7.20 (m, 1H) , 7.11–7.00 (m, 1H) , 6.88–6.85 (m, 1H) , 6.84–6.80 (m, 1H) , 6.77–6.71 (m, 1H) , 6.65–6.59 (m, 2H) , 5.90–5.78 (m, 1H) , 5.20–5.04 (m, 1H) , 4.25–3.97 (m, 2H) , 2.57 (br s, 2H) , 1.95 (s, 2H) , 1.55 (s, 9H) , 0.67–0.54 (m, 1H) , 0.42–0.33 (m, 1H) , 0.33–0.24 (m, 1H) , 0.21 (s, 1H) , 0.04–-0.05 (m, 1H) .
Synthesis of Compound 52
Compound 52 was made from compound 52a.
LC-MS [M+H] + = 530.4.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 7.42–6.93 (m, 4H) , 6.44–6.14 (m, 3H) , 5.19–5.11 (m, 1H) , 4.53–3.95 (m, 3H) , 2.81–2.52 (m, 4H) , 2.33––2.10 (m, 1H) , 1.47–1.29 (m, 6H) , 1.19–1.08 (m, 4H) .
Chiral HPLC: a pair of isomers with the ratio 4: 6.
Synthesis of Compound 53
Compound 53 was made from compound 53a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 53-P1 and 53-P2.
53-P1
LC-MS [M+1] + = 546.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.08 (s, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.32 (d, J =7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.02 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.90 (m, 1H) , 6.79 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.68 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.62 (d, J = 7.2 Hz , 1H) , 6.49 (t, J = 8.0 Hz , 1H) , 5.88–5.84 (m, 1H) , 5.15 (dd, J = 8.4, 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.18 (d, J = 10.8 Hz , 1H) , 4.00 (d, J = 10.8 Hz , 1H) , 2.95–2.90 (m, 1H) , 2.67–2.53 (m , 2H) , 2.02–1.84 (m, 2H) , 1.23–1.19 (m, 2H) , 1.09–1.03 (m, 2H) , 0.62–0.55 (m , 1H) , 0.39–0.25 (m , 2H) , 0.19–0.13 (m, 1H) , 0.03–0.00 (m, 1H) .
53-P2
LC-MS [M+1] + = 546.2
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ: 13.31 (s, 1H) , 10.69 (s, 1H) , 7.27 (t, J =7.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.21 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.17 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.02 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.96–6.95 (m, 1H) , 6.90 (d, J = 7.6 Hz , 1H) , 6.69 (d, J = 7.6 Hz , 1H) , 5.76 (dd, J = 8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 5.24–5.20 (m, 1H) , 3.96 (d, J = 10.4 Hz , 1H) , 3.64 (d, J = 10.8 Hz , 1H) , 2.99–2.93 (m, 1H) , 2.67–2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.47–2.39 (m, 1H) , 2.02–1.95 (m, 1H) , 1.83–1.74 (m, 1H) , 1.27–1.18 (m, 2H) , 1.10–1.03 (m, 2H) , 0.59–0.51 (m, 1H) , 0.33–0.27 (m, 1H) , 0.21–0.13 (m, 1H) , 0.11–0.03 (m, 1H) , -0.07–0.12 (m, 1H) . Synthesis of Compound 54
Compound 54 was made from compound 54a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 54-P1 and 54-P2.
54-P1:
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 592.2
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.13 (br s, 1H) , 10.72–10.66 (m, 1H) , 7.42–7.32 (m, 2H) , 7.32–7.24 (m, 1H) , 6.98–6.90 (m, 1H) , 6.80–6.75 (m, 1H) , 6.72–6.64 (m, 1H) , 6.56–6.46 (m, 2H) , 6.42–6.33 (m, 1H) , 6.16–6.03 (m, 1H) , 5.20–5.09 (m, 1H) , 4.26–4.14 (m, 1H) , 3.94 (d, J = 10.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.62–2.54 (m, 2H) , 2.47–2.35 (m, 2H) , 1.33 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 3H) , 1.28 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 3H) .
54-P2:
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 592.2
1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.33 (br s, 1H) , 10.69 (br s, 1H) , 7.38 (br t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.28 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.16 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H) , 7.08–7.00 (m, 1H) , 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.70 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.58 (s, 1H) , 6.06–5.93 (m, 1H) , 5.22 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.99–3.91 (m, 1H) , 3.55 (br d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H) , 2.65–2.42 (m, 2H) , 2.36–2.20 (m, 2H) , 1.32–1.23 (m, 6H) .
Synthesis of Compound 67
Compound 67 was made from compound 67a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 67-P1 and 67-P2.
67-P1:
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 566.2
1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.32 (br s, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.33–7.22 (m, 2H) , 7.18 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.07–6.99 (m, 1H) , 6.96 (s, 1H) , 6.91 (d, J =7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.71 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 5.98 (br dd, J = 4.6, 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 5.21 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H) , 3.95 (d, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.62 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.01–2.92 (m, 1H) , 2.67–2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.42 (dd, J = 6.8, 13.4 Hz, 1H) , 1.49–1.18 (m, 10H) , 1.10 (dd, J =1.8, 7.9 Hz, 2H) .
67-P2
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 566.2
1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 13.02 (br s, 1H) , 10.69 (s, 1H) , 7.34 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.00–6.87 (m, 2H) , 6.77 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.71 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.44 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.36–6.26 (m, 1H) , 6.09 (dd, J = 5.0, 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.16 (t, J =7.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.17 (d, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.93 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.00–2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.61–2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.44–2.39 (m, 1H) , 1.43–1.14 (m, 10H) , 1.08 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H) .
Synthesis of Compound 68
Compound 68 was made from compound 68a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 68-P1 and 68-P2.
68-P1:
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 571.3
1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.07 (s, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.25 (d, J =7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.99–6.90 (m, 1H) , 6.79 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.69 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.62 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.54–6.45 (m, 2H) , 6.36 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.10 (dd, J = 5.4, 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.13 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 4.19 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.94 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.48 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) , 2.89 (s, 3H) , 2.77 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.62–2.54 (m, 1H) , 2.49–2.28 (m, 3H) , 1.32 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 3H) , 1.26 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 3H) .
68-P2:
LCMS: [M+ H] + = 571.3
1H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.34 (s, 1H) , 10.68 (s, 1H) , 7.31–7.24
(m, 1H) , 7.17 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.11 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.07–7.00 (m, 1H) , 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.74 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.64 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.56 (s, 1H) , 5.98 (dd, J = 4.8, 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.22 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.93 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.55–3.45 (m, 3H) , 2.89 (s, 3H) , 2.79 (br t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.67–2.53 (m, 2H) , 2.39 (dd, J = 6.9, 13.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.29-2.23 (m, 1H) , 1.29 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 3H) , 1.24 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 3H) .
Synthesis of Compound 69
Compound 69 was made from compound 69a, and was purified by Prep-HPLC to give Compounds 69-P1 and 69-P2.
69-P1
LCMS: [M+H] + = 557.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.45 (s, 1H) , 10.70 (s, 1H) , 8.68 (d, J =3.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.48 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.07–8.01 (m, 1H) , 7.30 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.99–6.93 (m, 1H) , 6.91–6.84 (m, 1H) , 6.76 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.72 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.48 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.40–6.30 (m, 1H) , 6.13 (dd, J = 5.2, 7.9 Hz, 1H) , 5.15 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.22 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.95 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.63–2.53 (m, 2H) , 2.46–2.30 (m, 2H) , 1.35–1.27 (m, 6H) .
69-P2
LCMS: [M+H] + = 557.3
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.73 (s, 1H) , 10.69 (s, 1H) , 8.69 (s, 1H) ,
8.49 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 8.17–8.08 (m, 1H) , 7.33–7.25 (m, 1H) , 7.18 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.05 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.03–6.97 (m, 1H) , 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.74 (d, J =7.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.00 (dd, J = 4.9, 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.23 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.95 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.59–3.52 (m, 1H) , 2.66–2.55 (m, 2H) , 2.45–2.22 (m, 2H) , 1.33–1.24 (m, 6H) .
Example 2.4 Synthesis of Compound 70
Step 1. Synthesis of 70-1
To a solution of compound 49-1 (500 mg, 1.21 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added NaI (180 mg, 1.21 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (786 mg, 2.41 mmol) and compound s4 (274 mg, 1.33 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. LC-MS showed compound 49-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (40 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography
(20 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~24%THF/PE @60 mL/min) to give compound 70-1 (480 mg, 73.6%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 541.1
Step 2. Synthesis of 70-2
To a solution of compound 70-1 (460 mg, 851 μmol) in THF (20 mL) and H2O (4 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (71.4 mg, 1.70 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1hr. LC-MS showed compound 70-1 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 5 by addition of 1M HCl, then the mixture was extracted with EA (40 mL) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 70-2 (430 mg, 95.9%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 527.1
Step 3. Synthesis of 70-3
To a solution of compound 70-2 (200 mg, 379 μmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added s1 (105 mg, 455 μmol) , NMM (153 mg, 1.52 mmol) and HATU (216 mg, 569 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1hr. LC-MS showed compound 70-2 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (12 gSilica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~4%MeOH/DCM @40 mL/min) to give compound 70-3 (230 mg, 81.8%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 740.2
Step 4. Synthesis of 70-4
A mixture of compound 70-3 (220 mg, 297 μmol) , 1-methyl-4- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) -3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyridine (132 mg, 594 μmol) , K2CO3 (123 mg, 892 μmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (21.8 mg, 29.8 μmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1hr under N2 atmosphere. LC-MS showed compound 70-3 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (20 gSilica Flash
Column, Eluent of 0~10%MeOH/DCM @40 mL/min) to give compound 70-4 (130 mg, 61.7%) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 709.5
Step 5. Synthesis of 70-5
To a solution of compound 70-4 (100 mg, 141 μmol) in DCM (2.00 mL) was added Burgess reagent (201 mg, 846 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1hr. LC-MS showed compound 70-4 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 70-5 (100 mg, crude) as a white solid.
LCMS: [M+H] + = 691.3
Step 6. Synthesis of Compound 70
To a solution of compound 70-5 (90 mg, 130 μmol) in THF (2 mL) was added TBAF (1 M, 3.91 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 20 min. LC-MS showed Reactant compound 70-5 was consumed completely and one main peak with desired mass was detected. The mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure to get a residue, which was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (column: C18 150×40mm; mobile phase: [water (FA) -ACN] ; gradient: 8%-48%B over 9 min) to give Compound 70-P1 (11.4 mg, 16.4%) and Compound 70-P2 (2.46 mg, 3.52%) as yellow solid.
70-P1
LCMS: [M+H] + = 537.4
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.80–11.57 (m, 1H) , 10.67–10.57 (m, 1H) , 8.28 (s, 1H) , 7.30 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.18–7.07 (m, 1H) , 7.01–6.94 (m, 1H) , 6.85–6.61 (m, 2H) , 6.57–6.35 (m, 2H) , 6.29–6.17 (m, 1H) , 5.85–5.68 (m, 1H) , 5.09–4.91 (m, 1H) , 4.04–3.91 (m, 1H) , 3.60–3.52 (m, 2H) , 2.91 (br s, 2H) , 2.65–2.48 (m, 2H) , 2.38 (br s, 2H) , 2.19 (s, 3H) , 1.99–1.84 (m, 1H) , 1.69–1.57 (m, 1H) , 0.59–0.41 (m, 1H) , 0.33–0.12 (m, 2H) , 0.10–-0.02 (m, 1H) , -0.04–-0.26 (m, 1H) .
70-P2
LCMS: [M+Na] + = 537.4
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 12.18–11.91 (m, 1H) , 10.82 (s, 1H) , 8.46 (s, 1H) , 7.40 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.28 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.18–7.08 (m, 2H) , 7.03 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.72–6.67 (m, 1H) , 6.66–6.61 (m, 1H) , 6.49–6.39 (m, 1H) , 5.95–5.84 (m, 1H) , 5.35 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H) , 4.03 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H) , 3.63 (br d, J = 10.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.12 (br s, 2H) , 2.84–2.68 (m, 2H) , 2.57–2.48 (m, 2H) , 2.40 (s, 3H) , 2.18–2.11 (m, 1H) , 1.88–1.76 (m, 1H) , 0.74–0.61 (m, 1H) , 0.46–0.38 (m, 1H) , 0.33–0.25 (m, 1H) , 0.20 (td, J = 4.5, 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 0.06–-0.07 (m, 1H) .
Example 3
Biochemical Assays
Assay 1: Inhibition of 3CLpro
The test compounds were 3-fold serially diluted for 10 doses and added to an assay plate (384w format) using ECHO, in duplicate wells. Then 25 μL of 3CLpro protein was added to the assay plate containing compounds using a Multidrop. The mixture of compounds and 3CLpro protein were pre-incubated at room temperature 30min. Then 5 μL of substrate was added using a Multidrop. The final concentrations of 3CLpro and substrate are 25 nM and 25 μM respectively. For 100%inhibition control (HPE, hundred percent effect) , 1uM GC376 was added. For no inhibition control (ZPE, zero percent effect) , no compound is added. The final DMSO concentration is 1%. Each activity testing point has a relevant background control to normalize the fluorescence interference of compound. After a 60 min incubation at 30 ℃, the fluorescence signal (RFU) was detected using a microplate reader M2e (SpectraMax) at Ex/Em=340nm/490nm. The inhibition activity is calculated using the formula: Inhibition%= [ (Sample-Average ZPE) / (Average HPE-Average ZPE) ] *100%,
HEP: Hundred percent effect controls. Containing substrate +assay buffer+1uM GC376.
ZPE: Zero percent effective controls. Containing enzyme + substrate, no compound. Sample: Compound activity testing wells. Containing compound + enzyme +substrate.
BG: Compound background control wells. Containing compound + substrate, no enzyme.
IC50 was determined from inhibition plots and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Inhibition of 3CLpro
*IC50 (nM) : A ≤100, B 100-1000, C >1000
Assay 2: In vitro anti-viral activities against OC43
The in vitro anti-OC43 activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using Huh7 cell as follows.
Anti-virial activity assay: The Huh7 cells were seeded in 96-well plates, in 100 μl per well of assay medium, at a density of 8000 cells/well and cultured at 37 ℃and 5%CO2. After incubation for 24 hours, the test compounds and a positive control (Nirmatrelvir) were diluted with assay medium and then added into the cells, 50 μl per well. Then 50 μl per well of assay medium diluted virus was added. The resulting cell culture are incubated for additional 7 days until virus infection in the virus control (cells infected with virus, without compound treatment) displays significant CPE
(cytopathic effects) . The CPE are measured by CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The antiviral activity of compounds is calculated based on the protection of the virus-induced CPE at each concentration normalized by the virus control.
The %inhibition was calculated by the following equation: Inhibition (%) =(Raw data CPD –Average VC) / (Average CC –Average VC) *100.
Cytotoxicity assay: The cytotoxicity of compounds is assessed under the same method as in the anti-virial activity assay, but without the step of virus infection. The Huh7 cell viability is measured with Cell-Titer Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The %Viability was calculated by the following equation: Viability (%) =(Raw data CPD –Average MC) / (Average CC –Average MC) *100.
Raw data CPD: values of the sample-treated wells.
Average VC: average value of virus control
Average CC: average value of cell control (cells without virus infection or compound treatment)
Average MC: average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
Assay 3: In vitro anti-viral activities against 229E
The in vitro anti-229E activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using MRC5 cell as follows.
Anti-virial activity assay: The MRC5 cells were seeded in 96-well plates, in 100 μl per well of assay medium, at a density of 20000 cells/well and cultured at 37 ℃ and 5%CO2. After incubation for 24 hours, the test compounds and a positive
control (Nirmatrelvir) were diluted with assay medium and then added into the cells, 50 μl per well. Then 50 μl per well of assay medium diluted virus was added. The resulting cell culture are incubated for additional 3 days until virus infection in the virus control (cells infected with virus, without compound treatment) displays significant CPE. The CPE are measured by CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The antiviral activity of compounds is calculated based on the protection of the virus-induced CPE at each concentration normalized by the virus control.
The %inhibition was calculated by the following equation: Inhibition (%) = (Raw data CPD –Average VC) / (Average CC –Average VC) *100.
Cytotoxicity assay: The cytotoxicity of compounds is assessed under the same method as in the anti-virial activity assay, but without the step of virus infection. Cell viability is measured with Cell-Titer Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The %Viability was calculated by the following equation: Viability (%) = (Raw data CPD –Average MC) / (Average CC –Average MC) *100.
Raw data CPD: values of the sample-treated wells
Average VC: average value of virus control
Average CC: average value of cell control (cells without virus infection or compound treatment)
Average MC: average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
Assay 4: In vitro anti-viral activities against SARS-CoV-2
The in vitro anti-SARS-COV-2 activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated using vero cell as follows.
Anti-virial activity assay: The vero cells were seeded in 96-well plates, in 100 μl per well of assay medium, at a density of vero cells/well and cultured at 37 ℃and 5%CO2. After incubation for 24 hours, the test compounds and a positive control (Nirmatrelvir) were diluted with assay medium and then added into the cells, 50 μl per well. Then 50 μl per well of assay medium diluted virus was added. The resulting cell culture are incubated for additional 3 days until virus infection in the virus control (cells infected with virus, without compound treatment) displays significant CPE. The CPE are measured by CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The antiviral activity of compounds is calculated based on the protection of the virus-induced CPE at each concentration normalized by the virus control.
The %inhibition was calculated by the following equation: Inhibition (%) = (Raw data CPD –Average VC) / (Average CC –Average VC) *100.
Cytotoxicity assay: The cytotoxicity of compounds is assessed under the same method as in the anti-virial activity assay, but without the step of virus infection. Cell viability is measured with Cell-Titer Glo following the manufacturer’s manual. The %Viability was calculated by the following equation: Viability (%) = (Raw data CPD –Average MC) / (Average CC –Average MC) *100.
Raw data CPD: values of the sample-treated wells
Average VC: average value of virus control
Average CC: average value of cell control (cells without virus infection or compound treatment)
Average MC: average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
Assay 5: In vitro anti-viral activities against SARS-CoV-2 Replicon
The compounds were serially diluted in DMSO and added into 384-well plates 0.3 μl per well (8 doses, 3 fold, in duplicate wells) . The replicon RNA was generated in vitro transcript. Huh7 cells transfected with purified SARS-CoV-2 replicon RNAs were seeded 4000/well in 384 microplates containing serially diluted compounds, then cultured at 37℃ and 5%CO2 for 1 day. The final volume of the cell culture was 60μl per well, and the final concentrations of DMSO in the test plates was 0.5%.
Fluorescence intensity was determined using Acumen Cellista (TTP LabTech) , and the antiviral activity of compounds was calculated based on the inhibition of expression of GFP. Cell viability was measured with CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual.
The antiviral activity and viability of compounds were expressed as %Inhibition and %Viability, respectively, and calculated with the formulas below:
Inhibition (%) = (Raw data CPD –Average ZPE) / (Average HPE –Average ZPE) *100
Viability (%) = (Raw data CPD –Average HPE) / (Average ZPE–Average HPE) *100
Raw data CPD: values of the sample-treated wells
Average ZPE: average value of virus control
Average HPE: average value of medium control (medium only) wells.
EC50 and CC50 values was calculated using the GraphPad Prism software using the nonlinear regression model of log (inhibitor) vs. response --Variable slope (four parameters) .
Assay 6: Human Liver Microsome (HLM) Stability
Test Articles were prepared in DMSO at 10mM and diluted to 100μM with ACN: H2O=1: 1 (v/v) to give a working solution. The working solution was diluted to 1μM in potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.4) containing MgCl2 (3 mM) , NADPH (1 mM) and HLM (1 mg/mL) in a final volume of 200 μL and incubated in a 37℃ shaker. The incubation was performed both in absence and presence of selective CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole (1 μM) . The incubation was terminated by adding 200 μL of acetonitrile (300 ng/mL tolbutamide) to 100 μL samples at selected time points (0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 80min) . Quenched sample at each time point was mixed respectively for 5 min and centrifuge at 3700 rmp for 15min. The supernatants were transferred to 96 well plate with Mobile Phase A added to the samples and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The half-live (t1/2) were estimated as t1/2 = -0.693/k and showed in Table 2, wherein k is the slope of linear regression fitting by the natural log of peak area ratio versus time.
Table 2
**EC50 (nM) : A ≤100, B 100-1000, C >1000
***Liver Microsome T1/2 (min) : A >100, B 30 ~ 100, C <30
The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present disclosure. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and process shown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be considered to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims that follow.
Claims (59)
- A compound having Formula (I) :
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,whereinring A is a 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl;ring A’ is a 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl;X is C;R1 is selected from hydrogen or alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano or amino;each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) (NH) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -ORa, -S (O) 2Ra and -SRa, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl or cycloalkyl;each Ra is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;each R3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, and -alkyl-heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl and alkoxyl;R5 is a warhead capable of covalently binding to a 3CL protease;Ring B is an aryl or a heteroaryl;each R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORb, -C (O) Rb, -S (O) 2Rb, -C (O) ORb, -OC (O) Rb, -C (O) N (Rb) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) Ra and -N (Rb) C (O) Rb, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl and alkoxyl;each Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxyl;m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; andp is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. - The compound according to claim 1, having a formula of:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,whereinindicates a single bond or a double bond; andeach X1 is independently selected from C, N, O, or C (O) . - The compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereiniswherein X2 and X3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 0 or 1.
- The compound of claim 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein i is 0.
- The compound of claim 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinis selected from
- The compound of claim 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein i is 1.
- The compound of claim 6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinis selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereiniswherein each X1 is independently selected from C, N or O, X2 and X3 are each independently selected from C, N, or C (O) , and i is 0 or 1.
- The compound of claim 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein i is 1.
- The compound of claim 9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinis selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of any one of claims 2-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen.
- The compound of any one of claims 2-11, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxo, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) (NH) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra , -ORa, and -SRa, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl or cycloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is selected from
- The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 15, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, bicyclo [3.1.0] hexyl, and spiro [2.5] octanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, or alkyl.
- The compound of claim 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 isoptionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, or alkyl.
- The compound of claim 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is
- The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 21, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is phenyl or naphthyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is selected from pyridinyl, quinolinyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoimidazolyl or benzothiazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) (NH) Ra, -S (O) Ra or -S (O) 2Ra.
- The compound of claim 27, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ra is independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl optionally substituted with one or more halogen or alkyl.
- The compound of claim 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of any one of preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from alkyl, heteroalkyl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, or -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino, oxo or alkyl.
- The compound of claim 30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino or hydroxyl.
- The compound of claim 31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from
- The compound of claim 30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is heteroalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, cyano, amino or hydroxyl.
- The compound of claim 33, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is
- The compound of claim 30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocyclyl, -alkyl-aryl, or -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino, alkyl or haloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of claim 30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, cyano, amino or haloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 37, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of claim 30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, amino or haloalkyl.
- The compound of claim 39, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is phenyl.
- The compound of any one of preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of:
- The compound of any one of preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinis
- The compound of any one of preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring B is phenyl.
- The compound of claim 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ring B is pyridyl.
- The compound of claim 44, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinis selected from
- The compound of any one of preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Rb, -S (O) 2Rb, -C (O) ORb, -C (O) N (Rb) 2, -C (NH) N (Ra) 2, -S (O) Ra and -N (Rb) C (O) Rb.
- The compound of claim 46, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rb is selected from hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one or more halogen.
- The compound of claim 47, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -NH2, -CH3,
- The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
- A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1-49 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- The pharmaceutical composition of claim 50, which is formulated for oral administration or injection administration.
- A method for treating a viral infection in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-49 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 50-51 to the subject.
- The method of claim 52, wherein the viral infection is from a virus selected from the group consisting of an RNA virus, a DNA virus, a coronavirus, a papillomavirus, a pneumovirus, a picornavirus, an influenza virus, an adenovirus, a cytomegalovirus, a polyomavirus, a poxvirus, a rhinovirous, a norovirus, a flavivirus, an alphavirus, an ebola virus, a morbillivirus, an enterovirus, an orthopneumovirus, a lentivirus, arenovirus, a herpes virus, and a hepatovirus.
- The method of claim 53, wherein the viral infection is a coronavirus infection.
- The method of claim 54, wherein the coronavirus is selected from the group consisting of 229E alpha coronavirus, NL63 alpha coronavirus, OC43 beta coronavirus, HKU1 beta coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) , feline coronavirus (fcov) , severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) , and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) .
- The method of claim 55, wherein the coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2.
- A method for inhibiting 3-chymotrypsin-like protease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-49 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 50-51 to the subject.
- Use of a compound of any one of claims 1-49 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 50-51, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infection.
- A compound of any one of claims 1-49 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 50-51, for treating a viral infection.
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