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WO2024251011A1 - 绿色节能冷库 - Google Patents

绿色节能冷库 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024251011A1
WO2024251011A1 PCT/CN2024/096201 CN2024096201W WO2024251011A1 WO 2024251011 A1 WO2024251011 A1 WO 2024251011A1 CN 2024096201 W CN2024096201 W CN 2024096201W WO 2024251011 A1 WO2024251011 A1 WO 2024251011A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
door
wall
layer
insulation layer
water vapor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2024/096201
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王恩荣
Original Assignee
王恩荣
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 王恩荣 filed Critical 王恩荣
Publication of WO2024251011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024251011A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a green energy-saving cold storage.
  • the insulation layer of the outer wall and columns will separate the concrete floor and be connected to the ground insulation layer.
  • the inner lining wall and inner partition wall are located on the concrete floor (bonding layer).
  • the concrete floor together with the cargo on it, the inner lining wall, the inner partition wall, etc. are like a ship floating on the insulation layer and will not vibrate synchronously with the main structure, which will cause damage to the ground waterproof layer and insulation layer, and the insulation layer will become ineffective due to water ingress, making it difficult to repair.
  • the outer wall is generally made of 240 brick wall. Its longitudinal stiffness is much greater than that of the main structure, especially the outer wall without doors, but the lateral stiffness is very small and cannot be self-supporting. It is connected to the main structure by concrete anchor beams. During an earthquake, the outer wall and the main structure cannot vibrate in a coordinated manner, and the wall collapses and beam breaks often occur. Recently, some people use steel bars to replace concrete anchor beams. During an earthquake, the steel bars can produce plastic hinges to coordinate the differential vibration of the structure by their own deformation. However, a cold bridge is also formed. The thermal conductivity of steel is 45w/m.k. The temperature of the steel bars in the insulation layer is the lowest, and water and ice will form on the surface. The insulation material around the steel bars freezes and fails, and the cold bridge continues to increase, forming a vicious cycle.
  • the ground insulation layer is subjected to long-term alternating pressure from the concrete floor, lining walls, internal partitions, cargoes and vehicles.
  • the porosity of the insulation material is greatly reduced, the thermal conductivity is greatly increased, and water vapor is easy to enter but difficult to exit.
  • Electric heating to melt ice at the door seam consumes electricity and cold, and weakens the insulation function of the door. Once a door catches fire, it will quickly burn into the insulation layer and quickly burn through the insulation layer between the upper and lower doors, creating oxygen supply conditions, causing the fire to spread rapidly in the insulation layer and making it difficult to put out. A large amount of cold air leaks out, and at the same time a large amount of high-temperature toxic gas is inhaled, raising the temperature of the warehouse and contaminating the food.
  • the insulation layer of the outer wall and columns will separate the concrete floor and be connected to the ground insulation layer.
  • the inner lining wall and inner partition wall are located on the concrete floor (bonding layer).
  • the concrete floor together with the cargo on it, the inner lining wall, the inner partition wall, etc. are like a ship floating on the insulation layer and will not vibrate synchronously with the main structure, which will cause damage to the ground waterproof layer and insulation layer, and the insulation layer will become ineffective due to water ingress, making it difficult to repair.
  • the outer wall is generally made of 240 brick wall. Its longitudinal stiffness is much greater than that of the main structure, especially the outer wall without doors, but the lateral stiffness is very small and cannot be self-supporting. It is connected to the main structure by concrete anchor beams. During an earthquake, the outer wall and the main structure cannot vibrate in a coordinated manner, and the wall collapses and beam breaks often occur. Recently, some people use steel bars to replace concrete anchor beams. During an earthquake, the steel bars can produce plastic hinges to coordinate the differential vibration of the structure by their own deformation. However, a cold bridge is also formed. The thermal conductivity of steel is 45w/m.k. The temperature of the steel bars in the insulation layer is the lowest, and water and ice will form on the surface. The insulation material around the steel bars freezes and fails, and the cold bridge continues to increase, forming a vicious cycle.
  • the ground insulation layer is subjected to long-term alternating pressure from the concrete floor, lining walls, internal partitions, cargoes and vehicles.
  • the porosity of the insulation material is greatly reduced, the thermal conductivity is greatly increased, and water vapor is easy to enter but difficult to exit.
  • Electric heating to melt ice at the door seam consumes electricity and cold, and weakens the insulation function of the door. Once a door catches fire, it will quickly burn into the insulation layer and quickly burn through the insulation layer between the upper and lower doors, creating oxygen supply conditions, causing the fire to spread rapidly in the insulation layer and making it difficult to put out. A large amount of cold air leaks out, and at the same time a large amount of high-temperature toxic gas is inhaled, raising the temperature of the warehouse and contaminating the food.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a green energy-saving cold storage that is energy-saving, environmentally friendly, has good earthquake resistance and fire resistance, has low construction cost, has small storage temperature fluctuations, uses energy-saving methods to prevent foundation frost heave, is easy to maintain, and can control the humidity changes in relevant parts in real time.
  • the present invention provides a green energy-saving cold storage, including a cold room, a platform, a machine room and a refrigeration system, etc., a drying layer is arranged under the first floor of the cold room, the ground insulation layer is moved down to the drying layer and separated from the first floor, the inner lining wall, the inner partition wall and the wear-resistant and waterproof floor are directly located on the first floor and form an integral body with the frame structure, wherein the wear-resistant and waterproof floor includes an inorganic wear-resistant system and an organic epoxy system;
  • the outer wall adopts a light steel structure wall, which is connected to the frame structure at the intersection of the frame beam and the column with a ball-hinged beam, or connected to the frame structure at the intersection of the frame beam and the column with a combination of a ball-hinged wooden beam and a tie strap.
  • a ball-hinged beam There is no ball-hinged beam at the corner of the wall;
  • the lower part of the light steel structure wall is an anti-collision brick wall, and its top surface is 1800 mm higher than the outdoor ground;
  • the connection point of the lower part of the steel column of the light steel structure wall is a rigid connection point, and column supports are set between the steel columns;
  • the inner side of the color steel plate wall is in turn a fireproof layer, a heat-insulating layer, a water vapor channel B, an inner lining wall, a leveling layer and a vapor barrier layer; a water vapor channel B is arranged along the inner lining wall around the low-temperature side of the heat-insulating layer, and the water vapor channel B is separated from the heat-insulating layer by a coarse steel mesh and a fine yarn mesh.
  • a transmission rope B is arranged in the water vapor channel B, which has a traction rope, a slide rail, a pulley, a pulley, a rocker and a supporting wheel.
  • Inspection holes B are arranged on the inner lining walls at both ends of the transmission rope, and an inspection hole B is arranged every 9-12 meters in the middle, which has a steam seal with a cover.
  • the water vapor channel B should avoid wall-penetrating pipelines and ball-hinged tie beams;
  • the color steel plate wall is provided with a fireproof layer, a heat-insulating layer, a leveling layer and a vapor barrier layer;
  • the water vapor channel B is arranged along the inner lining wall around the low-temperature side of the heat-insulating layer, and a water vapor channel B is arranged along the inner lining wall around the low-temperature side of the heat-insulating layer.
  • the plate seams are steam-tightened, the self-tapping screw caps are coated with fire-retardant coating and the nail holes are sealed, and there are fire-resistant and heat-insulating pads that can be nailed between the color steel plate wall and the wall purlin;
  • the fireproof layer is smoothed with cement mortar at the elevation of the bottom steel plate and the top beam top surface. After the mortar is dry, a coating with ductility, low water vapor permeability, strong adhesion with the color steel plate and sealant, and weather resistance is used as a coating vapor barrier, which is steam-tightened with the color steel plate wall, the bottom steel plate and the top beam top surface.
  • the fireproof layer is 50 mm wide on both sides, and the welds between the bottom steel plate and the top beam and the steel column are steam-tight and polished flat;
  • the attic includes a vapor barrier layer, a leveling layer, an attic floor, a concrete pad, a 200mm high bamboo fence, which is the water vapor channel C, a bamboo fence layer, a heat insulation layer, and a capping membrane.
  • the capping membrane uses a double-layer PE film, and its periphery is vapor-sealed with the capping beam, and the seal is reinforced with a pressure strip;
  • the water vapor channel C of the attic is equipped with a transmission rope C, which has a traction rope, a pulley, a rocker, a supporting wheel and a trolley. Inspection holes C are set on the attic floor at both ends of the transmission rope C.
  • the bamboo fence layer above the inspection hole C is raised by 350mm and is closed with bamboo fences on all sides;
  • Color steel plate roof includes a steel grid with a constant geometry system, or a steel truss plus a support system.
  • the color steel plate roof is supported by the steel columns of the light steel structure wall, and the steel structure is used as a fire protection layer.
  • a closed platform is used, and the cold storage room is equipped with a vestibule; there is a cold storage door on the outside, and the insulation layer is placed on the side of the vestibule, which coincides with the external insulation layer on the wall and ceiling to form a complete insulation layer;
  • the external insulation layer is made of non-toxic and odorless, non-hygroscopic or extremely low moisture absorption, low thermal conductivity, elastic, impact-resistant and weather-resistant materials;
  • the external insulation layer is coated with non-toxic and odorless silicone oil at the door seam, and there is an airtight fire door on the inside of the vestibule, and a transparent short door curtain is installed on the wall on one side of the vestibule.
  • the short door curtain is 1600 mm long, and a skylight is installed on the top of the vestibule, which is fire-proof and Smoke function; a drying hood with an opening facing downward is set under the ceiling above the sky door. The opening of the drying hood is aimed at the sky door and is larger than the sky door. The size of the hood should be able to accommodate the hot and humid air discharged from the door lobby into the warehouse. Desiccant is placed in the hood. A wooden bridge is used to cross the outer wall insulation layer, and a polymer waterproof bridge deck is used; the outer wall vapor barrier is connected to the inner lining wall to form a closed insulation layer; the insulation layer uses fire-resistant insulation materials as a circular fireproof belt, and the circular fireproof belt uses wooden wall and wooden ceiling. The other parts of the door lobby use 180 brick wall plastering;
  • the refrigerated door adopts the lifting type. Its door leaf is composed of multiple plastic door panels with arc-shaped seams. They are connected as a whole by connecting rings, and adjacent door panels can rotate in one direction.
  • the lifting rope of the refrigerated door is connected to the lower part of the door leaf.
  • the lower section of the groove rail is straight, and a crossbeam connects the two sides of the groove rails as a whole.
  • the groove rails on both sides can rotate synchronously around the axis at the root.
  • the upper section of the groove rail is curved, and the top is a horizontal straight line.
  • the upper section of the groove rail is fixed to the warehouse, and the two sections of the groove rail are butt-jointed in the middle to form a complete door leaf running track.
  • the single-sided wheel runs in the groove rail, and the running speed of the door leaf is controlled by the frequency converter.
  • a baffle is provided at the reset position of pin B.
  • the pull ring is connected to pin B with a rope.
  • the drying box is composed of a box body, a wind tube, a rotating head, an exhaust pipe and fins, which are connected to the exhaust pipe; the bottom of the box body is the air inlet, and there are doors at the front and back; the box body, the door gap, the wind tube and its connection parts, and the exhaust pipe in and out of the box body are all airtight; the wind tube is ⁇ 12 meters long and is foamed with phenolic resin.
  • the rotating head is made of hard plastic that is resistant to 120°C high temperature, weather-resistant, and self-lubricating, and is equipped with a guide plate so that the air outlet is always leeward; five small wheels and the central axis constitute the rotating mechanism, and the friction surface of the central axis is coated with silicone oil; insulation measures are taken for the box body and the wind tube, and the wind tube and the box body are fixed with steel cables.
  • the exhaust pipe is made into an S shape in the box, and the oil discharge slope is 0.004.
  • the exhaust pipe and the fins constitute the drying bed, and the fins are made of calm steel, and the upper and lower bed surfaces, the two ends and the edges are polished.
  • An anti-suction net is installed on the top of the box;
  • the steam barrier bag is made of materials with low water vapor permeability, high thermal conductivity, heat resistance of 130°C, and weather resistance, and the mouth can be sealed; the replaced desiccant is immediately placed in an insulated container and placed in the lower layer of the drying oven as soon as possible;
  • the thermal insulation layer is made of waste rice husks and foam plastics.
  • the wear-resistant and waterproof floor mortar is made by mixing cement, quartz sand, silica fume, water reducer, defoamer and water.
  • the water consumption is strictly controlled, and the scattering of iron filings must be completed in the initial setting stage.
  • non-toxic and odorless cement sealing and curing agent is sprayed.
  • the insulation layer is provided with an annular fireproof belt at the door lobby, and the annular fireproof belt is made of a wood base plate and a fire-resistant insulation layer;
  • the fire-resistant insulation layer is made of a mixture of water glass, expanded perlite, and rock wool fiber, and is reinforced with fire-resistant ropes, beams, columns and the wood base plate;
  • the thermal conductivity of the fire-resistant insulation layer material is ⁇ 0.09w/m.k
  • the ends of the fire-resistant ropes are knotted and straightened, and sealed with refractory fibers and gypsum slurry, and the fireproof layer is made of a mixture of gypsum, expanded perlite, slag fiber and water.
  • the external insulation layer of the refrigerated door is made of XPE foam, and the external insulation layer of the wall and ceiling is made of EVA foam skin prefabricated blocks; the external insulation layer is dyed with black and yellow anti-collision color strips with non-toxic and odorless dyes, but the softness and elasticity of the material are not changed.
  • the seams of the color steel plates are filled and leveled with a sealant that has an elastic film, is firmly bonded to the color steel plates, has a low water vapor permeability, and is weather-resistant.
  • a sealant that has an elastic film, is firmly bonded to the color steel plates, has a low water vapor permeability, and is weather-resistant.
  • the seams are 30 mm wide on both sides, and the self-tapping screw caps are coated with fire-retardant paint and the nail holes are sealed.
  • a ball-hinged wooden beam is used.
  • the two ends of the ball-hinged wooden beam are steel spherical bearings that are compatible with the spherical beam ends.
  • the diameters of the spherical bearings and the spherical beam ends are slightly larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the wooden beam.
  • the pull straps are made of chemical fiber woven belts and steel brackets with good performance.
  • the inner lining wall, the inner partition wall and the wear-resistant and waterproof floor are directly located on the first floor slab and integrated with the frame structure, which solves the seismic resistance and waterproof and wear-resistant problems of the first floor of the cold room, and saves the ground waterproof layer, the reinforced concrete bonding layer (ground) and the expensive ground insulation layer.
  • the ground insulation layer is not subject to heavy pressure, the insulation material is in a natural accumulation state, the porosity is maximum, the thermal conductivity is minimum, the insulation effect of the ground insulation layer is improved, and the compressive strength of the insulation material does not need to be considered.
  • thickening the ground insulation layer is the most effective method for saving energy, reducing the operating cost of the cold storage, stabilizing the storage temperature, and preventing the foundation from frost heaving, saving the construction funds invested in preventing the foundation from frost heaving and consuming a large amount of energy for the life of the cold storage.
  • the ground insulation layer moves downward, and the first floor slabs and beams become cold storage bodies in the cold room, which can stabilize the storage temperature.
  • the light steel structure wall has strong deformation capacity, especially the deformation outside the plane, and the mass is small, and the earthquake effect is also small.
  • the ball-hinged tie beam or ball-hinged wooden beam can swing freely in all directions within the set range.
  • the steel grid has a small mass, small earthquake effect, and strong deformation capacity. Even if plastic hinges appear in individual rods, the steel grid will not collapse. The combination of the three allows the cold storage building to vibrate in a coordinated manner during an earthquake (actually the light steel structure wall and the color steel plate roof obey the frame structure vibration), which improves the earthquake resistance of the cold storage building.
  • the temperature of the water vapor channel is low and the humidity is high, which is the best place for the desiccant to play a role.
  • the capping film uses a double-layer PE film, and the permeability strength is halved.
  • the water vapor permeability of rice husks is high, and the dewaxing of bamboo used in bamboo fences increases the water vapor permeability.
  • the drying effect of silica gel is 0.006g/ m3 of residual water vapor.
  • the hygroscopicity of silica gel is stronger.
  • the closed platform limits the exchange of hot and cold air, reduces energy loss, and slows down the rate of frost formation in the exhaust pipes, creating conditions to prevent ice from forming at the door gaps.
  • the drying box uses the waste heat of high-temperature working fluid to dehydrate the desiccant and cool the working fluid, which no longer consumes energy, achieves three-effect energy saving and reduces the operating cost of the cold storage.
  • the skylight and fire door will open automatically.
  • the cold air in the warehouse will flow into the doorway from the fire door, blocked by a short door curtain.
  • the hot air in the doorway will rush out from the skylight and enter the drying hood, bypassing the upward skylight (door gap).
  • the hot air will stay in the doorway for a very short time (in seconds).
  • a small amount of ice will form on the wall, which will be absorbed by the desiccant, keeping the doorway dry.
  • the fire door gap and skylight gap will not freeze.
  • the cold storage door gap is in the normal temperature zone.
  • the insulation layer is made of discarded rice husks and foam plastics, which reduces environmental pollution and lowers project costs. There is no need to consume raw materials, energy, labor and environmental pollution caused by the production of insulation materials.
  • the rice husk construction process does not produce toxic gases.
  • the purchase price of discarded polystyrene foam plastics is 0.8 yuan/kg, and no one buys rice husks and other foam plastics, which reduces the project cost, reduces environmental pollution, and creates economic conditions for thickening the insulation layer.
  • the temperature and humidity sensors can monitor the temperature and humidity changes and water vapor permeation patterns of relevant parts in real time. Replace the desiccant in time.
  • the two rings of the main reinforcement of the ball-hinged tie beam are interlocked and do not touch each other, and all other longitudinal steels are dislocated, disconnected, and overlapped. There is no longitudinal through-steel in the whole beam, and the cold bridge effect is greatly reduced.
  • the thermal conductivity of the ball-hinged wooden beam is lower.
  • Thickening the insulation layer is the most effective method for saving energy, reducing the operating cost of the cold storage, stabilizing the storage temperature, and preventing the foundation from frost heaving, saving the construction funds invested in preventing the foundation from frost heaving and consuming a large amount of energy for the life of the cold storage.
  • the ground insulation layer moves downward, and the first floor slabs and beams become cold storage bodies in the cold room, which can stabilize the storage temperature.
  • the light steel structure wall has strong deformation capacity, especially the deformation outside the plane, and the mass is small, and the earthquake effect is also small.
  • the ball-hinged tie beam or ball-hinged wooden beam can swing freely in all directions within the set range.
  • the steel grid has a small mass, small earthquake effect, and strong deformation capacity. Even if plastic hinges appear in individual rods, the steel grid will not collapse. The combination of the three allows the cold storage building to vibrate in a coordinated manner during an earthquake (actually the light steel structure wall and the color steel plate roof obey the frame structure vibration), which improves the earthquake resistance of the cold storage building.
  • the temperature of the water vapor channel is low and the humidity is high, which is the best place for the desiccant to play a role.
  • the capping film uses a double-layer PE film, and the permeability strength is halved.
  • the water vapor permeability of rice husks is high, and the dewaxing of bamboo used in bamboo fences increases the water vapor permeability.
  • the drying effect of silica gel is 0.006g/ m3 of residual water vapor.
  • the hygroscopicity of silica gel is stronger.
  • the thermal conductivity of water is 20 times higher than that of air, and the thermal conductivity of ice is 80 times higher than that of air, which improves the insulation effect of the insulation layer and reduces the operating cost of the cold storage.
  • the drying hood can dry the hot and humid air entering the warehouse, slow down the frost rate of the exhaust pipe, and reduce the number of defrosting times.
  • the closed platform limits the exchange of hot and cold air, reduces energy loss, and slows down the rate of frost formation in the exhaust pipes, creating conditions to prevent ice from forming at the door gaps.
  • the skylight and fire door will open automatically.
  • the cold air in the warehouse will flow into the doorway from the fire door, blocked by a short door curtain.
  • the hot air in the doorway will rush out from the skylight and enter the drying hood, bypassing the upward skylight (door gap).
  • the hot air will stay in the doorway for a very short time (in seconds).
  • a small amount of ice will form on the wall, which will be absorbed by the desiccant, keeping the doorway dry.
  • the fire door gap and skylight gap will not freeze.
  • the cold storage door gap is in the normal temperature zone.
  • the insulation layer is made of discarded rice husks and foam plastics, which reduces environmental pollution and lowers project costs. There is no need to consume raw materials, energy, labor and environmental pollution caused by the production of insulation materials.
  • the rice husk construction process does not produce toxic gases.
  • the purchase price of discarded polystyrene foam plastics is 0.8 yuan/kg, and no one buys rice husks and other foam plastics, which reduces the project cost, reduces environmental pollution, and creates economic conditions for thickening the insulation layer.
  • the temperature and humidity sensors can monitor the temperature and humidity changes and water vapor permeation patterns of relevant parts in real time. Replace the desiccant in time.
  • the two rings of the main reinforcement of the ball-hinged tie beam are interlocked and do not touch each other, and all other longitudinal steels are dislocated, disconnected, and overlapped. There is no longitudinal through-steel in the whole beam, and the cold bridge effect is greatly reduced.
  • the thermal conductivity of the ball-hinged wooden beam is lower.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a green energy-saving cold storage according to the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a spherical hinge beam of the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the ball joint support of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of a spherical hinge beam of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the light steel structure wall and the anti-collision brick wall of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a drying oven according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the rotating head of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of exhaust pipes in the drying box of the present invention.
  • FIG12 is a front view of the exhaust pipe in the drying box of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a partial cross-sectional view of the drying bed of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a partial top view of the drying bed of the present invention.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration door of the present invention.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a single-sided wheel on the upper part of a refrigerated door of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a single-sided wheel in the middle of a refrigerated door of the present invention.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of a single-sided wheel at the lower portion of a refrigerated door of the present invention.
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the connection seam of the refrigerated door panel of the present invention.
  • FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration door switch mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the transmission rope armor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the transmission rope armor of the present invention.
  • FIG24 is a schematic diagram of a transmission rope B of the present invention.
  • Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of a pulley for conveying ropes A and B of the present invention.
  • FIG27 is a front view of the transmission rope C of the present invention.
  • FIG28 is a schematic diagram of the top of the annular fireproof belt of the present invention.
  • FIG29 is a schematic diagram of the lower portion of the annular firebreak of the present invention.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of both sides of the annular fireproof belt of the present invention.
  • Fig. 31 is a front view of the pull ring of the present invention.
  • FIG33 is a top view of the pull ring of the present invention.
  • FIG37 is a schematic diagram of a pin armor and a sliding plate armor of the present invention.
  • FIG38 is a schematic diagram of a skateboard armor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 39 is a side view of the retractor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 40 is a front view of the drag hook of the present invention.
  • a green and energy-saving cold storage includes a cold room, a platform, a machine room and a refrigeration system.
  • a drying layer 1 is arranged under the first floor of the cold room.
  • a ground insulation layer 2 is moved down into the drying layer 1 and separated from a first floor slab 3.
  • An inner lining wall 4, an inner partition wall and a wear-resistant and waterproof floor 33 are directly located on the first floor slab 3 and are integrated with the frame structure.
  • the wear-resistant and waterproof floor 33 includes an inorganic wear-resistant system and an organic epoxy system.
  • the drying layer 1 includes from bottom to top a concrete base layer 67, a leveling layer, a vapor barrier layer 5 wrapped to the top of the column, and a ground insulation layer 2 wrapped to the top of the column.
  • the outer retaining wall adopts a light steel structure wall 14, which is connected to the frame structure at the intersection of the frame beam and the column with a ball hinge beam 15, or connected to the frame structure at the intersection of the frame beam and the column with a combination of ball hinge wooden beams and tie straps.
  • No ball hinge beams 15 are provided at the corners; the lower part of the light steel structure wall 14 is an anti-collision brick wall 16, and its top surface is 1800 mm higher than the outdoor ground.
  • the inner side of the color steel plate wall is sequentially provided with a fireproof layer 17, a heat insulating layer 18, a water vapor channel B7, an inner lining wall 4, a leveling layer and a vapor barrier 5; a water vapor channel B7 is provided along the inner lining wall 4 around the low temperature side of the heat insulating layer 18, and the water vapor channel B7 is separated from the heat insulating layer 18 by a coarse steel mesh and a fine yarn mesh, and a transmission rope B is provided in the water vapor channel B7, which has a traction rope 61, a slide rail 63, a pulley 65, a pulley 66, a rocker 64, and a supporting wheel 68, and its operation method is the same as that of the transmission rope A, and the water vapor channel B7 should avoid the through-wall pipeline and the ball-hinged tie beam 15; the seams and nail holes of the color steel plates are steam-sealed, and there are fire-resistant heat-insulating pads 24 that can be
  • the attic includes, from bottom to top, a vapor barrier layer 5, a leveling layer, an attic floor, a concrete pad 30, an overhead bamboo fence 200 mm high, which is a water vapor channel C8, a bamboo fence layer 31, a heat insulation layer 18, and a capping membrane 29.
  • the periphery of the capping membrane 29 is vapor-sealed with the capping beam, and the seal is reinforced with a pressure strip;
  • a transmission rope C is arranged inside the water vapor channel C8 of the attic, which has a traction rope 61, a pulley 66, a rocking wheel 64, a supporting wheel 68, and a trolley 69.
  • the method of using the transmission rope C is to load the desiccant on the trolley 69 and fix it with the traction rope 61, turn the rocking wheel 64 to send the trolley 69 out...reverse the rocking wheel 64 to return the trolley 69, and replace the desiccant...the attic floors at both ends of the transmission rope C are provided with inspection holes C35, which are covered and vapor-sealed; the bamboo fence layer above the inspection hole C35 is raised by another 350 mm and is closed with bamboo fences on all sides;
  • the color steel plate roof 32 includes a steel grid 27 or steel truss and a support system of a geometrically invariant system.
  • the color steel plate roof 32 is supported by steel columns 36 of the light steel structure wall 14, and the steel structure is used as a fire protection layer;
  • a closed platform is adopted, and a door vestibule is provided in the cold storage room; a cold storage door 9 is provided on the outside, and a heat insulation layer 34 is arranged on one side of the door vestibule, which is consistent with the external heat insulation layer 38 of the wall and ceiling to form a complete heat insulation layer;
  • the external heat insulation layer is made of non-toxic and tasteless materials that do not absorb moisture or have very low moisture absorption rate, low thermal conductivity, elastic, impact-resistant and weather-resistant materials;
  • an airtight fire door 37 is provided on the inside of the door vestibule, and a transparent short door curtain 40 is provided on one side of the door vestibule and attached to the wall, and the short door curtain 40 is 1600 mm long, and a skylight 42 is provided on the top of the door vestibule, which has fire and smoke prevention functions;
  • a wooden bridge 39 is used to cross the external wall heat insulation layer 18, and a polymer waterproof bridge deck is used;
  • the external wall vapor barrier layer is connected to the inner lining wall
  • the refrigerated door 9 is of lifting type, and its door leaf is composed of multiple plastic door panels, the joints are arc-shaped, and are connected as a whole by a connecting ring 44, and the adjacent door panels can rotate in one direction; there are single-sided wheels 10 and groove rails on both sides of the door leaf, the lower section of the groove rail is straight, and a crossbeam 46 connects the groove rails on both sides as a whole, and the groove rails on both sides can rotate synchronously around the axis at the root; the upper section of the groove rail is curved, and the top is a horizontal straight line; the upper section of the groove rail is fixed to the warehouse, and the two sections of the groove rail are butt-jointed in the middle to form a complete door leaf running track, the single-sided wheel 10 runs in the groove rail, and the running speed of the door leaf is controlled by a frequency converter, the crossbeam 46 has a spring A 19 and a spring C 20, the bracket has a spring B 55, and the spring There is a pin
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the switch mechanism of the cold storage door.
  • the cold storage door is in a closed state, the pin B 11 is energized and pulled out, the spring A 19 is relaxed, the spring B 55 contracts to open the door, the door leaf tilts outward to the position and the pin A 54 resets.
  • the ball-jointed beam 15 is a reinforced concrete component with steel ball-jointed supports at both ends.
  • the main reinforcement 56 is interlocked in two rings in the middle of the beam span without contacting each other, bearing all the tensile force of the beam. All other longitudinal reinforcements are dislocated, disconnected, and overlapped.
  • the main reinforcement and other longitudinal reinforcements are welded to the cap 57 at the beam end.
  • the cross section of the beam span is appropriately enlarged.
  • the drying box is composed of a box body, a wind tube 58, a rotating head 59, an exhaust pipe 60 and fins 43, which are connected to the exhaust pipe; the bottom of the box body is an air inlet, and the front and back doors are opened; the box body, the door gap, the wind tube and its connection parts, and the exhaust pipe 60 in and out of the box body are all steam-tight; the wind tube is ⁇ 12 meters long and is foamed with phenolic resin.
  • the rotating head 59 is made of hard plastic that is resistant to 120°C high temperature, weather-resistant, and self-lubricating, and is equipped with a guide plate 62 to ensure that the air outlet is always leeward; five small wheels and the central axis constitute a rotating mechanism, and the friction surface of the central axis is coated with silicone oil; the box body and the wind tube are heat-insulating measures and are fixed with a steel cable 53; the exhaust pipe 60 is made into an S shape in the box, and the oil discharge slope is 0.004.
  • the exhaust pipe 60 and the fins 43 constitute a drying bed.
  • the fins are made of calm steel, and the upper and lower bed surfaces, the two ends and the edges are polished.
  • An anti-suction net is installed on the top of the box;
  • the steam barrier bag is made of materials with low water vapor permeability, high thermal conductivity, heat resistance of 130°C, and weather resistance, and the mouth can be sealed; the replaced desiccant is immediately placed in an insulated container and placed in the lower layer of the drying oven as soon as possible;
  • the thermal insulation layer is made of waste rice husks and foam plastics.
  • the wear-resistant and waterproof floor 33 mortar is made by mixing cement, quartz sand, silica fume, water reducing agent, defoaming agent and water.
  • the water consumption is strictly controlled, and the scattering of iron filings must be completed in the initial setting stage.
  • non-toxic and odorless cement sealing and curing agent is sprayed.
  • the annular fireproof belt 41 is made of a wood base plate and a fireproof heat-insulating layer
  • the fireproof heat-insulating layer is made of water glass, expanded perlite, and refractory fiber, and its thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.09w/m.k
  • the outer wall fireproof layer is made of gypsum, expanded perlite, refractory fiber and water;
  • the external insulation layer 34 of the refrigerated door is made of XPE foam, and the external insulation layer 38 of the wall and ceiling is made of EVA foam skin prefabricated blocks; the external insulation layer is dyed with black and yellow anti-collision color strips with non-toxic and odorless dyes, but the softness and elasticity of the material are not changed.
  • the seams of the color steel plates are filled and leveled with a sealant that has an elastic film, is firmly bonded to the color steel plates, has a low water vapor permeability, and is weather-resistant.
  • a sealant that has an elastic film, is firmly bonded to the color steel plates, has a low water vapor permeability, and is weather-resistant.
  • the seams are 30 mm wide on both sides, and the self-tapping screw caps are coated with fire-retardant paint and the nail holes are sealed.
  • the bamboo fence adopts a beam-board structure.
  • the boards are made of bamboo strips with a gap of 2 mm and are sandwiched between the beams.
  • the beams are made of bamboo strips and fiberized bamboo veneers glued alternately and reinforced with bamboo nails and galvanized iron wire. All the bamboo materials used are dewaxed.
  • the light steel structure wall is connected to the frame structure at the intersection of the beam and the column using a combination of ball-hinged wooden beams and tie straps.
  • a green and energy-saving cold storage includes a cold room, a platform, a machine room and a refrigeration system.
  • a drying layer 1 is arranged under the first floor of the cold room.
  • a ground insulation layer 2 is moved down into the drying layer 1 and separated from a first floor slab 3.
  • An inner lining wall 4, an inner partition wall and a wear-resistant and waterproof floor 33 are directly located on the first floor slab 3 and are integrated with the frame structure.
  • the wear-resistant and waterproof floor 33 includes an inorganic wear-resistant system and an organic epoxy system.
  • the drying layer 1 includes from bottom to top a concrete base layer 67, a leveling layer, a vapor barrier layer 5 wrapped to the top of the column, and a ground insulation layer 2 wrapped to the top of the column.
  • the height of the water vapor channel A 6 under the beam is ⁇ 600 mm.
  • a transmission rope A is arranged under the beam, which has a traction rope 61, a slide rail 63, a pulley 65, a pulley 66, a rocker 64, and a supporting wheel 68.
  • An inspection hole A 13 is arranged on the floor slab of the sending end, which is covered and steam-sealed. The pulley hangs the desiccant and puts it into the slide rail 63, and fixes it with the traction rope.
  • the rocker 64 is turned to send the pulley out...
  • the rocker is reversed to return the pulley, and the pulley is removed to replace the desiccant...
  • the setting of the inspection hole is based on the principle of replacing the desiccant and facilitating maintenance, and sharing as much as possible, and waterproofing should also be considered.
  • the outer retaining wall adopts a light steel structure wall 14, which is connected to the frame structure at the intersection of the frame beam and the column with a ball hinge beam 15, or connected to the frame structure at the intersection of the frame beam and the column with a combination of ball hinge wooden beams and tie straps.
  • No ball hinge beams 15 are provided at the corners; the lower part of the light steel structure wall 14 is an anti-collision brick wall 16, and its top surface is 1800 mm higher than the outdoor ground.
  • the inner side of the color steel plate wall is sequentially provided with a fireproof layer 17, a heat insulating layer 18, a water vapor channel B7, an inner lining wall 4, a leveling layer and a vapor barrier 5; a water vapor channel B7 is provided along the inner lining wall 4 around the low temperature side of the heat insulating layer 18, and the water vapor channel B7 is separated from the heat insulating layer 18 by a coarse steel mesh and a fine yarn mesh, and a transmission rope B is provided in the water vapor channel B7, which has a traction rope 61, a slide rail 63, a pulley 65, a pulley 66, a rocker 64, and a supporting wheel 68, and its operation method is the same as that of the transmission rope A, and the water vapor channel B7 should avoid the through-wall pipeline and the ball-hinged tie beam 15; the seams and nail holes of the color steel plates are steam-sealed, and there are fire-resistant heat-insulating pads 24 that can be
  • a coating with ductility, low water vapor permeability, firm adhesion to the color steel plate and weather resistance is used as a coating vapor barrier 28, which is steam-tight with the color steel plate wall, the bottom steel plate 26 and the top beam 25.
  • the fireproof layer 17 is 50 mm wider on both sides.
  • the welds between the bottom steel plate 26 and the top beam 25 and the steel column 36 are steam-tight and polished smooth without sharp corners and burrs; the vapor barrier 5 of the anti-collision brick wall 16 is steam-tight with the bottom steel plate 26; when selecting the anti-corrosion coating for the top beam 25, the bonding with the PE film and the coating vapor barrier 28 should be considered.
  • the attic includes, from bottom to top, a vapor barrier layer 5, a leveling layer, an attic floor, a concrete pad 30, an overhead bamboo fence 200 mm high, which is a water vapor channel C8, a bamboo fence layer 31, a heat insulation layer 18, and a capping membrane 29.
  • the periphery of the capping membrane 29 is vapor-sealed with the capping beam, and the seal is reinforced with a pressure strip;
  • a transmission rope C is arranged inside the water vapor channel C8 of the attic, which has a traction rope 61, a pulley 66, a rocking wheel 64, a supporting wheel 68, and a trolley 69.
  • the method of using the transmission rope C is to load the desiccant on the trolley 69 and fix it with the traction rope 61, turn the rocking wheel 64 to send the trolley 69 out...reverse the rocking wheel 64 to return the trolley 69, and replace the desiccant...the attic floors at both ends of the transmission rope C are provided with inspection holes C35, which are covered and vapor-sealed; the bamboo fence layer above the inspection hole C35 is raised by another 350 mm and is closed with bamboo fences on all sides;
  • the color steel plate roof 32 includes a steel grid 27 or steel truss and a support system of a geometrically invariant system.
  • the color steel plate roof 32 is supported by steel columns 36 of the light steel structure wall 14, and the steel structure is used as a fire protection layer;
  • a closed platform is adopted, and a door vestibule is provided in the cold storage room; a cold storage door 9 is provided on the outside, and a heat insulation layer 34 is arranged on one side of the door vestibule, which is consistent with the external heat insulation layer 38 of the wall and ceiling to form a complete heat insulation layer;
  • the external heat insulation layer is made of non-toxic and tasteless materials that do not absorb moisture or have very low moisture absorption rate, low thermal conductivity, elastic, impact-resistant and weather-resistant materials;
  • an airtight fire door 37 is provided on the inside of the door vestibule, and a transparent short door curtain 40 is provided on one side of the door vestibule and attached to the wall, and the short door curtain 40 is 1600 mm long, and a skylight 42 is provided on the top of the door vestibule, which has fire and smoke prevention functions;
  • a wooden bridge 39 is used to cross the external wall heat insulation layer 18, and a polymer waterproof bridge deck is used;
  • the external wall vapor barrier layer is connected to the inner lining wall
  • the refrigerated door 9 is of lifting type, and its door leaf is composed of multiple plastic door panels, the joints are arc-shaped, and are connected as a whole by a connecting ring 44, and the adjacent door panels can rotate in one direction; there are single-sided wheels 10 and groove rails on both sides of the door leaf, the lower section of the groove rail is straight, and a crossbeam 46 connects the groove rails on both sides as a whole, and the groove rails on both sides can rotate synchronously around the axis at the root; the upper section of the groove rail is curved, and the top is a horizontal straight line; the upper section of the groove rail is fixed to the warehouse, and the two sections of the groove rail are butt-jointed in the middle to form a complete door leaf running track, the single-sided wheel 10 runs in the groove rail, and the running speed of the door leaf is controlled by a frequency converter, the crossbeam 46 has a spring A 19 and a spring C 20, the bracket has a spring B 55, and the spring There is a pin
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the switch mechanism of the cold storage door.
  • the cold storage door is in a closed state, the pin B 11 is energized and pulled out, the spring A 19 is relaxed, the spring B 55 contracts to open the door, the door leaf tilts outward to the position and the pin A 54 resets.
  • the ball-jointed beam 15 is a reinforced concrete component with steel ball-jointed supports at both ends.
  • the main reinforcement 56 is interlocked in two rings in the middle of the beam span without contacting each other, bearing all the tensile force of the beam. All other longitudinal reinforcements are dislocated, disconnected, and overlapped.
  • the main reinforcement and other longitudinal reinforcements are welded to the cap 57 at the beam end.
  • the cross section of the beam span is appropriately enlarged.
  • the drying box is composed of a box body, a wind tube 58, a rotating head 59, an exhaust pipe 60 and fins 43, which are connected to the exhaust pipe; the bottom of the box body is an air inlet, and the front and back doors are opened; the box body, the door gap, the wind tube and its connection parts, and the exhaust pipe 60 in and out of the box body are all steam-tight; the wind tube is ⁇ 12 meters long and is foamed with phenolic resin.
  • the rotating head 59 is made of hard plastic that is resistant to 120°C high temperature, weather-resistant, and self-lubricating, and is equipped with a guide plate 62 to ensure that the air outlet is always leeward; five small wheels and the central axis constitute a rotating mechanism, and the friction surface of the central axis is coated with silicone oil; the box body and the wind tube are heat-insulating measures and are fixed with a steel cable 53; the exhaust pipe 60 is made into an S shape in the box, and the oil discharge slope is 0.004.
  • the exhaust pipe 60 and the fins 43 constitute a drying bed.
  • the fins are made of calm steel, and the upper and lower bed surfaces, the two ends and the edges are polished.
  • An anti-suction net is installed on the top of the box;
  • the steam barrier bag is made of materials with low water vapor permeability, high thermal conductivity, heat resistance of 130°C, and weather resistance, and the mouth can be sealed; the replaced desiccant is immediately placed in an insulated container and placed in the lower layer of the drying oven as soon as possible;
  • Temperature and humidity sensor transmitters are installed at appropriate locations in the water vapor channel, platform, lobby, warehouse, and warehouse; the temperature and humidity sensor should be configured with automatic detection, transmission, recording, storage and early warning functions, as well as display and printing functions. Sealing measures should be taken when the line passes through the vapor barrier 5.
  • Both ends of the ball-hinged wooden beam are steel ball hinges, which match the ball beam ends, and use chemical fiber braided belts and steel brackets. The diameters of the steel ball hinges and ball beam ends are slightly larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the wooden beam.
  • the thermal insulation layer is made of waste rice husks and foam plastics.
  • the wear-resistant and waterproof floor 33 mortar is made by mixing cement, quartz sand, silica fume, water reducing agent, defoaming agent and water.
  • the water consumption is strictly controlled, and the scattering of iron filings must be completed in the initial setting stage.
  • non-toxic and odorless cement sealing and curing agent is sprayed.
  • the annular fireproof belt 41 is made of a wood base plate and a fireproof heat-insulating layer
  • the fireproof heat-insulating layer is made of water glass, expanded perlite, and refractory fiber, and its thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.09w/m.k
  • the outer wall fireproof layer is made of gypsum, expanded perlite, refractory fiber and water;
  • the external insulation layer 34 of the refrigerated door is made of XPE foam, and the external insulation layer 38 of the wall and ceiling is made of EVA foam skin prefabricated blocks; the external insulation layer is dyed with black and yellow anti-collision color strips with non-toxic and odorless dyes, but the softness and elasticity of the material are not changed.
  • the seams of the color steel plates are filled and leveled with a sealant that has an elastic film, is firmly bonded to the color steel plates, has a low water vapor permeability, and is weather-resistant.
  • a sealant that has an elastic film, is firmly bonded to the color steel plates, has a low water vapor permeability, and is weather-resistant.
  • the seams are 30 mm wide on both sides, and the self-tapping screw caps are coated with fire-retardant paint and the nail holes are sealed.
  • the bamboo fence adopts a beam-board structure.
  • the boards are made of bamboo strips with a gap of 2 mm and are sandwiched between the beams.
  • the beams are made of bamboo strips and fiberized bamboo veneers glued alternately and reinforced with bamboo nails and galvanized iron wire. All the bamboo materials used are dewaxed.
  • the inner lining wall, the inner partition wall and the wear-resistant and waterproof floor are directly located on the first floor slab and integrated with the frame structure, which solves the seismic resistance and waterproof and wear-resistant problems of the first floor of the cold room, and saves the ground waterproof layer, the reinforced concrete bonding layer (ground) and the expensive ground insulation layer.
  • the ground insulation layer is not subject to heavy pressure, the insulation material is in a natural accumulation state, the porosity is maximum, the thermal conductivity is minimum, the insulation effect of the ground insulation layer is improved, the compressive strength of the insulation material does not need to be considered, and the technical conditions are created for thickening the ground insulation layer.
  • the ground insulation layer moves downward, and the first floor slabs and beams become cold storage bodies in the cold room, which can stabilize the storage temperature.
  • the light steel structure wall has strong deformation capacity, especially the deformation outside the plane, and the mass is small, and the earthquake effect is also small.
  • the ball-hinged tie beam or ball-hinged wooden beam can swing freely in all directions within the set range.
  • the steel grid has a small mass, small earthquake effect, and strong deformation capacity. Even if plastic hinges appear in individual rods, the steel grid will not collapse. The combination of the three allows the cold storage building to vibrate in a coordinated manner during an earthquake (actually the light steel structure wall and the color steel plate roof obey the frame structure vibration), which improves the earthquake resistance of the cold storage building.
  • the temperature of the water vapor channel is low and the humidity is high, which is the best place for the desiccant to play a role.
  • the closed platform limits the exchange of hot and cold air, reduces energy loss, and slows down the rate of frost formation in the exhaust pipes, creating conditions to prevent ice from forming at the door gaps.
  • the skylight and fire door will open automatically.
  • the cold air in the warehouse will flow into the doorway from the fire door, blocked by a short door curtain.
  • the hot air in the doorway will rush out from the skylight and enter the drying hood, bypassing the upward skylight (door gap).
  • the hot air will stay in the doorway for a very short time (in seconds).
  • a small amount of ice will form on the wall, which will be absorbed by the desiccant, keeping the doorway dry.
  • the fire door gap and skylight gap will not freeze.
  • the cold storage door gap is in the normal temperature zone.
  • the insulation layer is made of discarded rice husks and foam plastics, which reduces environmental pollution and lowers project costs. There is no need to consume raw materials, energy, labor and environmental pollution caused by the production of insulation materials.
  • the rice husk construction process does not produce toxic gases.
  • the purchase price of discarded polystyrene foam plastics is 0.8 yuan/kg, and no one buys rice husks and other foam plastics, which reduces the project cost, reduces environmental pollution, and creates economic conditions for thickening the insulation layer.
  • the temperature and humidity sensors can monitor the temperature and humidity changes and water vapor permeation patterns of relevant parts in real time. Replace the desiccant in time.
  • the two rings of the main reinforcement of the ball-hinged tie beam are interlocked and do not touch each other, and all other longitudinal steels are dislocated, disconnected, and overlapped. There is no longitudinal through-steel in the whole beam, and the cold bridge effect is greatly reduced.
  • the thermal conductivity of the ball-hinged wooden beam is lower.

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Abstract

一种绿色节能冷库，包括冷间、站台、机房和制冷系统，冷间一层下设干燥层(1)，地面隔热层(2)下移至干燥层(1)内，与一层楼板(3)分离，内衬墙(4)、内隔墙，耐磨防水地面(33)都直接坐落在一层楼板(3)上，与框架结构形成一体，外围护墙采用轻钢结构墙面（14），用球铰系梁（15）在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接。该冷库节能环保，抗震、防火性能好。

Description

绿色节能冷库 技术领域
本发明涉及一种绿色节能冷库。
 背景技术
现行的冷间设计理论是:一般情况下，大气中的水蒸气经外围护墙、找平层、隔气层、隔热层和内衬墙渗入冷间内，并结霜于排管或空气冷却器，霜有很高的孔隙率，热导率低，是排管换热的障碍，隔热层内经常会产生结水结冰现象，尤其是高温高湿地区的冷间屋面和地面隔热层内，冷间外高温高湿，冷间内低温高湿，再加建材含水，隔热层内水蒸气易进难出是显而易见的。屋面隔热层和地面隔热层全方位封闭，听起来很安全，实际上只要存在水蒸气分压差，水蒸气的渗透就不可避免，渗入隔热层的水蒸气出路在哪里？水越积越多。
       有的隔热层在施工过程中还会产生有害气体。
       为减少冷桥，外围护墙和柱子的隔热层会将混凝土地面隔开，并与地面隔热层连为一体。内衬墙、内隔墙就坐落在混凝土地面(粘结层)上。地震时，混凝土地面连同上面的货物，内衬墙、内隔墙等就像漂浮在隔热层上的船，不会与主体结构同步振动，这会造成地面防水层和隔热层破坏，隔热层进水失效，维修困难。
      考虑防火性能，外围护墙一般都采用240砖墙，它的纵向刚度比主体结构大很多，尤其是无门外墙，而侧向刚度很小，不能自立，有混凝土锚系梁与主体结构连接，地震时，外围护墙与主体结构不能协调振动，常发生墙倒梁断现象。近来有人用钢筋来代替混凝土锚系梁，地震时钢筋可产生塑性铰，以自身变形来协调结构的差异振动。但也形成了一个冷桥，钢材的热导率是45w/m.k，隔热层内钢筋温度最低，表面会产生结水结冰现象，钢筋四周的隔热材料结冰失效，冷桥不断增大，形成恶性循环。
       防止地基冻胀的方法都是以大量耗能为代价的，以围护结构两侧的温度差修正系数为例，“冷间地面下部无通风等加热设备时为0.20，有通风架空层时为0.70”后者为前者的3.5倍，并伴随冷库终身。
       地面隔热层长期受混凝土地面、内衬墙、内隔墙、货物和車辆等的交变重压，隔热材料的孔隙率大大降低，热导率大大提高，水蒸气易进难出。
冷藏门缝电热化冰耗电耗冷，且使冷藏门的隔热功能被弱化。冷藏门一旦起火，很快烧进隔热层，并很快烧穿上下层冷藏门之间的隔热层，自创造了供氧条件，使火势迅速在隔热层内蔓延、扑救困难。大量冷气外泄，同时吸入了大量高温有毒气体，升高库温、污染食品。
 技术问题
现行的冷间设计理论是:一般情况下，大气中的水蒸气经外围护墙、找平层、隔气层、隔热层和内衬墙渗入冷间内，并结霜于排管或空气冷却器，霜有很高的孔隙率，热导率低，是排管换热的障碍，隔热层内经常会产生结水结冰现象，尤其是高温高湿地区的冷间屋面和地面隔热层内，冷间外高温高湿，冷间内低温高湿，再加建材含水，隔热层内水蒸气易进难出是显而易见的。屋面隔热层和地面隔热层全方位封闭，听起来很安全，实际上只要存在水蒸气分压差，水蒸气的渗透就不可避免，渗入隔热层的水蒸气出路在哪里？水越积越多。
       有的隔热层在施工过程中还会产生有害气体。
       为减少冷桥，外围护墙和柱子的隔热层会将混凝土地面隔开，并与地面隔热层连为一体。内衬墙、内隔墙就坐落在混凝土地面(粘结层)上。地震时，混凝土地面连同上面的货物，内衬墙、内隔墙等就像漂浮在隔热层上的船，不会与主体结构同步振动，这会造成地面防水层和隔热层破坏，隔热层进水失效，维修困难。
      考虑防火性能，外围护墙一般都采用240砖墙，它的纵向刚度比主体结构大很多，尤其是无门外墙，而侧向刚度很小，不能自立，有混凝土锚系梁与主体结构连接，地震时，外围护墙与主体结构不能协调振动，常发生墙倒梁断现象。近来有人用钢筋来代替混凝土锚系梁，地震时钢筋可产生塑性铰，以自身变形来协调结构的差异振动。但也形成了一个冷桥，钢材的热导率是45w/m.k，隔热层内钢筋温度最低，表面会产生结水结冰现象，钢筋四周的隔热材料结冰失效，冷桥不断增大，形成恶性循环。
       防止地基冻胀的方法都是以大量耗能为代价的，以围护结构两侧的温度差修正系数为例，“冷间地面下部无通风等加热设备时为0.20，有通风架空层时为0.70”后者为前者的3.5倍，并伴随冷库终身。
       地面隔热层长期受混凝土地面、内衬墙、内隔墙、货物和車辆等的交变重压，隔热材料的孔隙率大大降低，热导率大大提高，水蒸气易进难出。
冷藏门缝电热化冰耗电耗冷，且使冷藏门的隔热功能被弱化。冷藏门一旦起火，很快烧进隔热层，并很快烧穿上下层冷藏门之间的隔热层，自创造了供氧条件，使火势迅速在隔热层内蔓延、扑救困难。大量冷气外泄，同时吸入了大量高温有毒气体，升高库温、污染食品。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种节能，环保，抗震、防火性能好，造价低，库温波动小，以节能方法防止地基冻胀，维修方便，能实时掌控相关部位湿度变化情况的绿色节能冷库。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种绿色节能冷库，包括冷间、站台、机房和制冷系统等，冷间一层下设干燥层，地面隔热层下移至干燥层内，与一层楼板分离，内衬墙、内隔墙、耐磨防水地面都直接坐落在一层楼板上，与框架结构形成一体，其中，耐磨防水地面包括无机耐磨体系和有机环氧体系；
干燥层自下而上包括混凝土基层、找平层、包至柱顶的隔汽层、包至柱顶的地面隔热层，水汽通道甲的梁下高度≥600毫米，梁下设传送绳甲，其有牵引绳、滑轮、滑车、摇轮、托轮，其发送端设检修孔甲，该检修孔甲有盖汽密封；
外围护墙采用轻钢结构墙面，以球铰系梁在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，或者以球铰木梁和拉带组合在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，墙角处不设球铰系梁；轻钢结构墙面下部为防撞砖墙，其顶面高出室外地面1800毫米；轻钢结构墙面钢柱下部的连接点为刚接点，钢柱间设柱间支撑；
彩钢板墙面内侧依次是防火层、隔热层、水汽通道乙、内衬墙、找平层和隔汽层；隔热层的低温侧沿内衬墙四周设水汽通道乙，水汽通道乙以粗钢网和细纱网与隔热层分隔，水汽通道乙内设传送绳乙，其有牵引绳、滑轨、滑车、滑轮、摇轮、托轮，传送绳两端的内衬墙上设检修孔乙，中间每隔9-12米曾设一个检修孔乙，其有盖汽密封，水汽通道乙应避开穿墙管线和球铰系梁；彩钢板缝汽密封，自攻螺钉帽涂防火涂料并密封钉孔缝，彩钢板墙面与墙檩间有可钉的耐火隔热垫块；防火层在封底钢板和封顶梁顶面标高处用水泥砂浆抹平，砂浆干后用膜有延性、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板和密封胶粘结牢固、耐候的涂料，作涂料隔汽层，与彩钢板墙面、封底钢板和封顶梁顶面汽密封，防火层两侧各宽出50毫米，封底钢板和封顶梁与钢柱的焊缝为汽密封，并打磨平整；
阁楼自下而上包括隔汽层、找平层、阁楼楼板、混凝土垫块架空竹笆200毫米高即为水汽通道丙、竹笆层、隔热层、封顶膜，封顶膜采用双层pe膜，其周边与封顶梁汽密封，封口处用压条加固；该阁楼的水汽通道丙内设传送绳丙，其有牵引绳、滑轮、摇轮、托轮和小车，传送绳丙两端的阁楼楼板上设检修孔丙，其检修孔丙上部的竹笆层再提高350毫米,四周用竹笆封闭；
彩钢板屋面包括几何不变体系的钢网架，或钢桁架加支撑系统，彩钢板屋面以轻钢结构墙面的钢柱为支座，钢结构作防火保护层；
采用封闭站台，冷藏间设门斗；外侧有冷藏门，隔热层外置于门斗一侧，与墙面、顶棚外置隔热层相吻合，形成完整隔热层；外置隔热层采用无毒无味、不吸湿或吸湿率极小、热导率低、有弹性、耐冲撞、耐候的材料；外置隔热层在门缝处涂无毒无味的硅油，门斗内侧有气密防火门，在门斗一侧贴墙面设透明短门帘，该短门帘长1600毫米，门斗顶部设天门，有防火防烟功能；天门上部的顶棚下面设开口朝下的干燥罩，干燥罩的开口对准天门并大于天门，罩的大小应能容纳门斗排入库内的湿热空气，罩内投放干燥剂，以木桥跨越外墙隔热层，采用聚合物防水桥面；外墙隔汽层在此与内衬墙连为一体封闭隔热层；隔热层在此用耐火隔热材料作环形防火带，该环形防火带处采用木板墙面和木板顶棚，门斗的其他部位采用180砖墙粉面；
冷藏门采用提升式，其门扇由多块塑料门板拼成，拼缝为圆弧形，由连接环连接为整体，相邻门板可单向转动；冷藏门提升绳与门扇下部连接，门扇两侧有单边轮和槽轨，槽轨下段为直线型,有横梁把两侧槽轨连为一体，两侧槽轨可绕根部的轴同步转动；槽轨上段为曲线型，顶端为水平直线；上段槽轨与库房固定，两段槽轨在中间对接，形成完整的门扇运行轨道，单边轮在槽轨中运行，门扇的运行速度由变频器控制，横梁内有弹簧甲和弹簧丙，支架内有弹簧乙，弹簧甲左端有销甲、右端有销乙，销乙的复位处设有挡板，槽轨上有拉环，门扇上有拉钩，两者相适配；拉钩在门扇下部，拉环在拉钩上部，拉环用绳与销乙连接。
球铰系梁为钢筋混凝土构件，两端为钢质球铰支座，主筋在梁跨中两环相扣，互不接触，承担梁的全部拉力，其他纵向钢筋全部错位、断开、搭接；主筋及其他纵向钢筋在梁端与封头焊接；球铰支座顶部有孔，主筋从孔中穿过，主筋周围与孔壁间留有间隙，是主筋的摆动空间，其大小决定了球铰系梁摆动幅度的大小；跨中截面适度加大；
干燥箱由箱体、风筒、转动头、排气管和翅片构成，接在排气管上；箱体底部为进风口，前面和背面开门；箱体、门缝、风筒及其连接部位、排气管进出箱体处均为气密封；风筒长≥12米，采用酚醛树酯发泡，转动头采用耐120°C高温、耐候、自润滑的硬塑料制作，带有导向板，使出风口永远背风向；五只小轮和中轴构成转动机构，中轴磨擦面涂硅油；箱体和风筒采取保温措施，用钢缆固定风筒和箱体，排气管在箱内作成S形，排油坡度0.004，排气管和翅片构成干燥床，翅片采用镇静钢制作，并打磨上、下床面、两端和边缘的棱角，箱内顶部设防吸网；
选用无毒无味、可再生、对钢材和混凝土无侵蚀作用、吸湿性强的干燥剂，在水汽通道、门斗、冷间、站台的适当位置投放；干燥剂脱水后立即放入隔汽袋中，排出空气封口，放在冷却架上，先置于干燥、阴凉、通风处常温冷却，后置于冷藏门对面墙根处低温冷却；
隔汽袋选用水蒸气渗透率低、热导率高、耐热130°C、耐候的材料制作，口可密封；换下的干燥剂立即放入保温容器，尽快放入干燥箱下层；
在水汽通道、干燥罩，站台、门斗、库内、库外的适当位置设置温湿度传感器变送器；温湿度传感器的配置应有自动检测、传输、记录、存储和预警功能，还应有显示、打印功能，线路穿过隔汽层时应采取密封措施。
在一更佳的实施例中，隔热层采用废弃的稻壳和泡沫塑料。
在一更佳的实施例中，耐磨防水地面砂浆采用水泥、石英砂、硅灰、减水剂、消泡剂和水拌和而成，严格控制用水量，抛撒铁屑需在初凝阶段完成，在最后一次收光前喷洒无毒无味的水泥密封固化剂。
在一更佳的实施例中，隔热层在门斗处设环形防火带，该环形防火带采用木基板加耐火隔热层；耐火隔热层采用水玻璃、膨胀珍珠岩、岩棉纤维拌和而成，并用耐火绳与梁、柱及木基板加固；耐火隔热层材料的热导率λ≤0.09w/m.k，耐火绳端打结拉直，用耐火纤维、石膏浆封固，防火层采用石膏、膨胀珍珠岩、矿渣纤维和水拌和而成。
在一更佳的实施例中，冷藏门外置隔热层采用XPE泡棉，墙面和顶棚外置隔热层采用EVA泡棉带皮预制块；外置隔热层采用无毒无味的染料染黑黄相间的防撞色带，但不改变材料的柔顺性和弹性。
在一更佳的实施例中，彩钢板缝采用膜有弹性、与彩钢板粘结牢固、水蒸气渗透率低、耐候的密封胶，充满刮平；胶干后，再用膜有延性、耐候、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板及密封胶粘结牢固的涂料骑缝作涂料隔汽层，缝两边各宽出30毫米，自攻螺钉帽涂防火涂料并密封钉孔缝。
在一更佳的实施例中，竹笆采用梁板结构，板采用竹片拼成，缝隙为2毫米，夹在梁中间，梁由竹片和纤维化竹单板相间胶合，用竹钉和镀锌铁丝加固，所用竹材全部脱蜡。
在一更佳的实施例中采用球铰木梁，球铰木梁两端为钢质球形支座与球形梁端相适配，球形支座和球形梁端的直径略大于木梁横截面直径，拉带采用性能良好的化纤编织带和钢支架。
采用本发明的结构之后，内衬墙、内隔墙和耐磨防水地面都直接坐落在一层楼板上与框架结构形成一体，解决了冷间一层地面的抗震问题和防水耐磨问题，省掉了地面防水层、钢筋混凝土粘结层(地面)和价格昂贵的地面隔热层。地面隔热层不受重压，隔热材料处于自然堆积状态，孔隙率最大、热导率最小，提高了地面隔热层的隔热效果，不必考虑隔热材料的抗压强度，也为加厚地面隔热层创造了技术条件，而加厚隔热层是节能、降低冷库运行成本、稳定库温、防止地基冻胀的最有效方法，省掉了为防止地基冻胀而投入的建设资金和消耗冷库终身的大量能源。
有机隔热材料，在体积含水率为零时，孔隙率从98%降至96%，其热导率从0.03489w/m.k上升至0.053498w/m.k，提高了53.33%。
地面隔热层下移，一层楼板、梁成了冷间内的蓄冷体，可稳定库温。
轻钢结构墙面变形能力强，尤其是平面外的变形，质量小，地震作用也小。球铰系梁或球铰木梁可在设定范围内全方位自由摆动。钢网架的质量小，地震作用也小，变形能力强，即使个别杆件出现塑性铰，钢网架也不会垮塌，三者结合，地震时冷库建筑能协调振动(实为轻钢结构墙面和彩钢板屋面服从框架结构振动)，提高了冷库建筑的抗震能力。
隔热层内，水汽通道的温度低、湿度大，是干燥剂发挥作用的最佳场所。彩钢板不透汽，板缝极小。设板缝长4000m(对应墙面约2660m 2)，板缝宽0.2mm，水蒸汽渗透面积=4000X0.0002=0.8m 2，密封胶膜的宽度即水蒸气渗透胶膜的厚度20mm,还有涂料隔汽层的阻隔，对整体墙面来说水蒸气渗透强度极小。封顶膜采用双层PE膜，渗透强度减半，稻壳的水蒸气渗透率高，竹笆所用竹材脱蜡提高了水蒸汽渗透率，20°C时，硅胶干燥效果为残留水蒸气0.006g/m 3，-20°C时硅胶的吸湿性更强，这些都对隔热层的干燥有利，可使隔热层保持非常干燥状态，隔热材料的实际热导率低于设计热导率。水的热导率比空气热导率高20倍，冰的热导率比空气热导率高80倍，提高了隔热层的隔热效果，降低冷库运行成本。干燥罩可使进入库内湿热空汽干燥，减慢排管的结霜速率，减少除霜次数。
采用彩钢板屋面，钢网架，消除了屋面全部冷桥（钢筋混凝土柱穿过屋面隔热层），节约大量能源，降低冷库运行成本。
采用封闭站台，限制了冷热空气的交换量，减少能量损失，减缓排管结霜速率。为防止门缝结冰创造了条件。
干燥箱利用高温工质的废热为干燥剂脱水、为工质降温，不再消耗能源，三效节能，降低冷库运行成本。
关闭冷藏门，天门和防火门会自动打开，库内冷空气从防火门涌入门斗，上有短门帘阻挡，门斗内的热空气从天门顺势冲出，进入干燥罩，绕开了朝上的天门口(门缝部位)，热空气在门斗内滞留时间极短(以秒计)，墙面会有极少量结冰，由干燥剂吸收，门斗内保持干燥状态，防火门缝和天门缝不会结冰。冷藏门缝处于常温区。
隔热层采用废弃的稻壳和泡沫塑料，即减少环境污染，又降低工程造价，也没有因生产隔热材料而消耗的原料、能源、人工和环境污染。
稻壳施工过程不产生有毒气体。
废弃的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料收购价0.8元/kg，稻壳和其它泡沫塑料无人收购，即降低了工程造价，减少环境污染，又为加厚隔热层创造了经济条件。温湿度传感器可实时掌控相关部位的温湿度变化情况和水蒸气渗透规律。适时更换干燥剂。球铰系梁主筋两环相扣不相接触，其他纵向钢全部错位，断开，搭接。全梁无纵向贯通钢筋，冷桥作用大打折扣。球铰木梁的热导率更低。
 有益效果
采用本发明的结构之后，内衬墙、内隔墙和耐磨防水地面都直接坐落在一层楼板上与框架结构形成一体，解决了冷间一层地面的抗震问题和防水耐磨问题，省掉了地面防水层、钢筋混凝土粘结层(地面)和价格昂贵的地面隔热层。地面隔热层不受重压，隔热材料处于自然堆积状态，孔隙率最大、热导率最小，提高了地面隔热层的隔热效果，不必考虑隔热材料的抗压强度，也为加厚地面隔热层创造了技术条件，而加厚隔热层是节能、降低冷库运行成本、稳定库温、防止地基冻胀的最有效方法，省掉了为防止地基冻胀而投入的建设资金和消耗冷库终身的大量能源。
有机隔热材料，在体积含水率为零时，孔隙率从98%降至96%，其热导率从0.03489w/m.k上升至0.053498w/m.k，提高了53.33%。
地面隔热层下移，一层楼板、梁成了冷间内的蓄冷体，可稳定库温。
轻钢结构墙面变形能力强，尤其是平面外的变形，质量小，地震作用也小。球铰系梁或球铰木梁可在设定范围内全方位自由摆动。钢网架的质量小，地震作用也小，变形能力强，即使个别杆件出现塑性铰，钢网架也不会垮塌，三者结合，地震时冷库建筑能协调振动(实为轻钢结构墙面和彩钢板屋面服从框架结构振动)，提高了冷库建筑的抗震能力。
隔热层内，水汽通道的温度低、湿度大，是干燥剂发挥作用的最佳场所。彩钢板不透汽，板缝极小。设板缝长4000m(对应墙面约2660m 2)，板缝宽0.2mm，水蒸汽渗透面积=4000X0.0002=0.8m 2，密封胶膜的宽度即水蒸气渗透胶膜的厚度20mm,还有涂料隔汽层的阻隔，对整体墙面来说水蒸气渗透强度极小。封顶膜采用双层PE膜，渗透强度减半，稻壳的水蒸气渗透率高，竹笆所用竹材脱蜡提高了水蒸汽渗透率，20°C时，硅胶干燥效果为残留水蒸气0.006g/m 3，-20°C时硅胶的吸湿性更强，这些都对隔热层的干燥有利，可使隔热层保持非常干燥状态，隔热材料的实际热导率低于设计热导率。水的热导率比空气热导率高20倍，冰的热导率比空气热导率高80倍，提高了隔热层的隔热效果，降低冷库运行成本。干燥罩可使进入库内湿热空汽干燥，减慢排管的结霜速率，减少除霜次数。
采用彩钢板屋面，钢网架，消除了屋面全部冷桥（钢筋混凝土柱穿过屋面隔热层），节约大量能源，降低冷库运行成本。
采用封闭站台，限制了冷热空气的交换量，减少能量损失，减缓排管结霜速率。为防止门缝结冰创造了条件。
干燥箱利用高温工质的废热为干燥剂脱水、为工质降温，不再消耗能源，三效节能，降低冷库运行成本。
关闭冷藏门，天门和防火门会自动打开，库内冷空气从防火门涌入门斗，上有短门帘阻挡，门斗内的热空气从天门顺势冲出，进入干燥罩，绕开了朝上的天门口(门缝部位)，热空气在门斗内滞留时间极短(以秒计)，墙面会有极少量结冰，由干燥剂吸收，门斗内保持干燥状态，防火门缝和天门缝不会结冰。冷藏门缝处于常温区。
隔热层采用废弃的稻壳和泡沫塑料，即减少环境污染，又降低工程造价，也没有因生产隔热材料而消耗的原料、能源、人工和环境污染。
稻壳施工过程不产生有毒气体。
废弃的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料收购价0.8元/kg，稻壳和其它泡沫塑料无人收购，即降低了工程造价，减少环境污染，又为加厚隔热层创造了经济条件。温湿度传感器可实时掌控相关部位的温湿度变化情况和水蒸气渗透规律。适时更换干燥剂。球铰系梁主筋两环相扣不相接触，其他纵向钢全部错位，断开，搭接。全梁无纵向贯通钢筋，冷桥作用大打折扣。球铰木梁的热导率更低。
 附图说明
图1为本发明绿色节能冷库的示意图；
图2为本发明球铰系梁的示意图；
图3为本发明球铰支座的剖视图；
图4为本发明球铰系梁的剖视图；
图5 为本发明轻钢结构墙面与防撞砖墙连接示意图；
图6 为本发明球铰木梁与拉带组合示意图；
图7 为本发明拉带示意图；
图8 为本发明干燥箱示意图；
图9 为本发明干燥箱转动头剖视图；
图10 为本发明转动头示意图；
图11 为本发明干燥箱内排气管布置图；
图12 为本发明干燥箱内排气管正视图；
图13 为本发明干燥床局部剖视图；
图14 为本发明干燥床局部俯视图；
图15 为本发明冷藏门示意图；
图16 为本发明冷藏门上部单边轮示意图；
图17 为本发明冷藏门中部单边轮示意图；
图18 为本发明冷藏门下部单边轮示意图；
图19 为本发明冷藏门板连接缝示意图；
图20 为本发明冷藏门板连接环示意图；
图21 为本发明冷藏门开关机构示意图；
图22为本发明传送绳甲的示意图；  
图23为本发明传送绳甲的剖视图；
图24为本发明传送绳乙示意图；
图25为本发明传送绳甲、乙的滑车示意图；
图26为本发明传送绳丙的示意图；
图27为本发明传送绳丙的正视图；
图28为本发明环形防火带顶部示意图；
图29为本发明环形防火带下部示意图；
图30为本发明环形防火带两侧示意图；
图31为本发明拉环正视图；
图32为本发明拉环侧视图；
图33为本发明拉环俯视图；
图34为本发明销乙和挡板示意图；
图35为本发明销乙和滑道示意图；
图36为本发明滑板乙示意图；
图37为本发明销甲和滑板甲示意图；
图38为本发明滑板甲示意图；
图39为本发明拉钩侧视图；
图40为本发明拉钩正视图；
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下文结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
参阅图1-图40，一种绿色节能冷库，包括冷间、站台、机房和制冷系统，冷间一层下设干燥层1，地面隔热层2下移至干燥层1内，与一层楼板3分离，内衬墙4、内隔墙、耐磨防水地面33都直接坐落在一层楼板3上，与框架结构形成一体，其中，耐磨防水地面33包括无机耐磨体系和有机环氧体系。干燥层1自下而上包括混凝土基层67、找平层、包至柱顶的隔汽层5、包至柱顶的地面隔热层2，水汽通道甲6的梁下高度≥600毫米，梁下设传送绳甲，其有牵引绳61、滑轨63、滑车65、滑轮66、摇轮64、托轮68，其发送端的一层楼板上设检修孔甲13，有盖汽密封，滑车挂好干燥剂放入滑轨63，并与牵引绳固定，转动摇轮64滑车送出……反转摇轮滑车退回，取下滑车更换干燥剂……检修孔的设置以更换干燥剂和维修方便，尽可能共用为原则，还应考虑防水。
外围护墙采用轻钢结构墙面14，用球铰系梁15在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，或者以球铰木梁和拉带组合在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，墙角处不设球铰系梁15；轻钢结构墙面14下部为防撞砖墙16，其顶面高出室外地面1800毫米。
彩钢板墙面内侧依次是防火层17、隔热层18、水汽通道乙7、内衬墙4、找平层和隔汽层5；隔热层18的低温侧沿内衬墙4四周设水汽通道乙7，水汽通道乙7以粗钢网和细纱网与隔热层18分隔，水汽通道乙7内设传送绳乙，其有牵引绳61、滑轨63、滑车65、滑轮66、摇轮64、托轮68，其操作方法同传送绳甲，水汽通道乙7应避开穿墙管线和球铰系梁15；彩钢板缝及钉孔缝汽密封，彩钢板墙面与墙檩23间有可钉的耐火隔热垫块24；防火层17在封底钢板26和封顶梁25顶面标高处用水泥砂浆抹平，砂浆干后用膜有延性、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板粘结牢固、耐候的涂料作涂料隔汽层28，与彩钢板墙面、封底钢板26和封顶梁25顶面汽密封，防火层17两侧各宽出50毫米，封底钢板26和封顶梁25与钢柱36的焊缝为汽密封，并打磨平整，无尖角毛刺；防撞砖墙16的隔汽层5与封底钢板26汽密封；选择封顶梁25的防腐涂料时应考虑与PE膜和涂料隔汽层28的粘结。
阁楼自下而上包括隔汽层5、找平层、阁楼楼板、混凝土垫块30架空竹笆200mm高即为水汽通道丙8、竹笆层31、隔热层18、封顶膜29，封顶膜29周边与封顶梁汽密封，封口处用压条加固；该阁楼的水汽通道丙8内设传送绳丙，其有牵引绳61、滑轮66、摇轮64、托轮68和小车69，传送绳丙的使用方法，小车69装好干燥剂与牵引绳61固定，转动摇轮64小车69送出……反转摇轮64小车69退回，更换干燥剂……传送绳丙两端的阁楼楼板上设检修孔丙35，其有盖汽密封；检修孔丙35上部的竹笆层再提高350毫米,四周用竹笆封闭；
彩钢板屋面32包括几何不变体系的钢网架27或钢桁架和支撑系统，彩钢板屋面32以轻钢结构墙面14的钢柱36为支座，钢结构作防火保护层；
采用封闭站台，冷藏间设门斗；外侧有冷藏门9，隔热层34外置于门斗一侧，与墙面、顶棚外置隔热层38相吻合，形成完整隔热层；外置隔热层采用无毒无味，不吸湿或吸湿率极小、热导率低、有弹性、耐冲撞、耐候的材料；门斗内侧有气密防火门37，在门斗一侧贴墙面设透明短门帘40，该短门帘40长1600毫米，门斗顶部设天门42，有防火防烟功能；以木桥39跨越外墙隔热层18，采用聚合物防水桥面；外墙隔汽层在此与内衬墙连为一体封闭隔热层；隔热层在此处作环形防火带41，该环形防火带41处采用木板墙面和木板顶棚，门斗的其他部位采用180砖墙粉面；
冷藏门9采用提升式，其门扇由多块塑料门板拼成，拼缝为圆弧形，由连接环44连接为整体，相邻门板可单向转动；门扇两侧有单边轮10和槽轨，槽轨下段为直线型,有横梁46把两侧槽轨连为一体，两侧槽轨可绕根部的轴同步转动；槽轨上段为曲线型，顶端为水平直线；上段槽轨与库房固定，两段槽轨在中间对接，形成完整的门扇运行轨道，单边轮10在槽轨中运行，门扇的运行速度由变频器控制，横梁46内有弹簧甲19和弹簧丙20，支架内有弹簧乙55，弹簧甲19左端有销甲54，右端有销乙11，销乙11的复位处设有挡板12，槽轨上有拉环，门扇上有拉钩，两者相适配；图21为冷藏门开关机构示意图，此时冷藏门处于关门状态，销乙11通电抽出，弹簧甲19松弛，弹簧乙55收缩开门，门扇外倾到位销甲54复位，随冷藏门提升，弹簧丙收缩，拉销乙11左移到挡板12处，销乙11复位；关门时，门扇下落，拉钩拉环相扣，拉伸弹簧甲19和弹簧丙20储能，门触地，销甲54抽出，弹簧甲19收缩关门。
球铰系梁15为钢筋混凝土构件，两端为钢质球铰支座，主筋56在梁跨中两环相扣，互不接触，承担梁的全部拉力，其他纵向钢筋全部错位、断开、搭接；主筋及其他纵向钢筋在梁端处与封头57焊接；梁跨中截面适度加大；
干燥箱由箱体、风筒58、转动头59、排气管60和翅片43构成，接在排气管上；箱体底部为进风口，前面和背面开门；箱体、门缝、风筒及其连接部位、排气管60进出箱体处均为汽密封；风筒长≥12米，采用酚醛树酯发泡，转动头59采用耐120°C高温、耐候、自润滑的硬塑料制作，带有导向板62，使出风口永远背风向；五只小轮和中轴构成转动机构，中轴磨擦面涂硅油；箱体和风筒采取保温措施，并用钢缆53固定；排气管60在箱内作成S形，排油坡度0.004，排气管60和翅片43构成干燥床，翅片采用镇静钢制作，并打磨上、下床面、两端和边缘的棱角，箱内顶部设防吸网；
选用无毒无味、可再生、对钢材和混凝土无侵蚀作用、吸湿性强的干燥剂，在水汽通道、门斗、冷间、站台的适当位置投放；干燥剂脱水后立即放入隔汽袋中，排出空气封口，放在冷却架上，先置于干燥、阴凉、通风处常温冷却，后置于冷藏门对面墙根处低温冷却；
隔汽袋选用水蒸气渗透率低、热导率高、耐热130°C、耐候的材料制作，口可密封；换下的干燥剂立即放入保温容器，尽快放入干燥箱下层；
在水汽通道、站台、门斗、库内、库外的适当位置设置温湿度传感器变送器；温湿度传感器的配置应有自动检测、传输、记录、存储和预警功能，还应有显示、打印功能，线路穿过隔汽层5时应采取密封措施。球铰木梁两端为钢质球形铰，与球形梁端相配，采用化纤编织带和钢支架，钢质球形铰和球形梁端的直径略大于木梁的横截面直径。
在一更佳的实施例中，隔热层采用废弃的稻壳和泡沫塑料。
在一更佳的实施例中，耐磨防水地面33砂浆采用水泥、石英砂、硅灰、减水剂、消泡剂和水拌和而成，严格控制用水量，抛撒铁屑需在初凝阶段完成，在最后一次收光前喷洒无毒无味的水泥密封固化剂。
在一更佳的实施例中，环形防火带41采用木基板和耐火隔热层，耐火隔热层采用水玻璃、膨胀珍珠岩、耐火纤维拌和而成，其热导率λ≤0.09w/m.k，外墙防火层采用石膏、膨胀珍珠岩、耐火纤维和水拌和而成；
在一更佳的实施例中，冷藏门外置隔热层34采用XPE泡棉，墙面和顶棚外置隔热层38采用EVA泡棉带皮预制块；外置隔热层采用无毒无味的染料染黑黄相间的防撞色带，但不改变材料的柔顺性和弹性。
在一更佳的实施例中，彩钢板缝采用膜有弹性、与彩钢板粘结牢固、水蒸气渗透率低、耐候的密封胶，充满刮平；胶干后，再用膜有延性、耐候、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板及密封胶粘结牢固的涂料骑缝作涂料隔汽层，缝两边各宽出30毫米，自攻螺钉帽涂防火涂料并密封钉孔缝。
在一更佳的实施例中，竹笆采用梁板结构，板采用竹片拼成，缝隙为2毫米，夹在梁中间，梁由竹片和纤维化竹单板相间胶合，用竹钉和镀锌铁丝加固，所用竹材全部脱蜡。
在一更佳的实施例中，轻钢结构墙面采用球铰木梁和拉带组合在梁与柱交点处与框架结构相连接。
本发明的实施方式
下文结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
参阅图1-图40，一种绿色节能冷库，包括冷间、站台、机房和制冷系统，冷间一层下设干燥层1，地面隔热层2下移至干燥层1内，与一层楼板3分离，内衬墙4、内隔墙、耐磨防水地面33都直接坐落在一层楼板3上，与框架结构形成一体，其中，耐磨防水地面33包括无机耐磨体系和有机环氧体系。干燥层1自下而上包括混凝土基层67、找平层、包至柱顶的隔汽层5、包至柱顶的地面隔热层2，水汽通道甲6的梁下高度≥600毫米，梁下设传送绳甲，其有牵引绳61、滑轨63、滑车65、滑轮66、摇轮64、托轮68，其发送端的一层楼板上设检修孔甲13，有盖汽密封，滑车挂好干燥剂放入滑轨63，并与牵引绳固定，转动摇轮64滑车送出……反转摇轮滑车退回，取下滑车更换干燥剂……检修孔的设置以更换干燥剂和维修方便，尽可能共用为原则，还应考虑防水。
外围护墙采用轻钢结构墙面14，用球铰系梁15在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，或者以球铰木梁和拉带组合在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，墙角处不设球铰系梁15；轻钢结构墙面14下部为防撞砖墙16，其顶面高出室外地面1800毫米。
彩钢板墙面内侧依次是防火层17、隔热层18、水汽通道乙7、内衬墙4、找平层和隔汽层5；隔热层18的低温侧沿内衬墙4四周设水汽通道乙7，水汽通道乙7以粗钢网和细纱网与隔热层18分隔，水汽通道乙7内设传送绳乙，其有牵引绳61、滑轨63、滑车65、滑轮66、摇轮64、托轮68，其操作方法同传送绳甲，水汽通道乙7应避开穿墙管线和球铰系梁15；彩钢板缝及钉孔缝汽密封，彩钢板墙面与墙檩23间有可钉的耐火隔热垫块24；防火层17在封底钢板26和封顶梁25顶面标高处用水泥砂浆抹平，砂浆干后用膜有延性、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板粘结牢固、耐候的涂料作涂料隔汽层28，与彩钢板墙面、封底钢板26和封顶梁25顶面汽密封，防火层17两侧各宽出50毫米，封底钢板26和封顶梁25与钢柱36的焊缝为汽密封，并打磨平整，无尖角毛刺；防撞砖墙16的隔汽层5与封底钢板26汽密封；选择封顶梁25的防腐涂料时应考虑与PE膜和涂料隔汽层28的粘结。
阁楼自下而上包括隔汽层5、找平层、阁楼楼板、混凝土垫块30架空竹笆200mm高即为水汽通道丙8、竹笆层31、隔热层18、封顶膜29，封顶膜29周边与封顶梁汽密封，封口处用压条加固；该阁楼的水汽通道丙8内设传送绳丙，其有牵引绳61、滑轮66、摇轮64、托轮68和小车69，传送绳丙的使用方法，小车69装好干燥剂与牵引绳61固定，转动摇轮64小车69送出……反转摇轮64小车69退回，更换干燥剂……传送绳丙两端的阁楼楼板上设检修孔丙35，其有盖汽密封；检修孔丙35上部的竹笆层再提高350毫米,四周用竹笆封闭；
彩钢板屋面32包括几何不变体系的钢网架27或钢桁架和支撑系统，彩钢板屋面32以轻钢结构墙面14的钢柱36为支座，钢结构作防火保护层；
采用封闭站台，冷藏间设门斗；外侧有冷藏门9，隔热层34外置于门斗一侧，与墙面、顶棚外置隔热层38相吻合，形成完整隔热层；外置隔热层采用无毒无味，不吸湿或吸湿率极小、热导率低、有弹性、耐冲撞、耐候的材料；门斗内侧有气密防火门37，在门斗一侧贴墙面设透明短门帘40，该短门帘40长1600毫米，门斗顶部设天门42，有防火防烟功能；以木桥39跨越外墙隔热层18，采用聚合物防水桥面；外墙隔汽层在此与内衬墙连为一体封闭隔热层；隔热层在此处作环形防火带41，该环形防火带41处采用木板墙面和木板顶棚，门斗的其他部位采用180砖墙粉面；
冷藏门9采用提升式，其门扇由多块塑料门板拼成，拼缝为圆弧形，由连接环44连接为整体，相邻门板可单向转动；门扇两侧有单边轮10和槽轨，槽轨下段为直线型,有横梁46把两侧槽轨连为一体，两侧槽轨可绕根部的轴同步转动；槽轨上段为曲线型，顶端为水平直线；上段槽轨与库房固定，两段槽轨在中间对接，形成完整的门扇运行轨道，单边轮10在槽轨中运行，门扇的运行速度由变频器控制，横梁46内有弹簧甲19和弹簧丙20，支架内有弹簧乙55，弹簧甲19左端有销甲54，右端有销乙11，销乙11的复位处设有挡板12，槽轨上有拉环，门扇上有拉钩，两者相适配；图21为冷藏门开关机构示意图，此时冷藏门处于关门状态，销乙11通电抽出，弹簧甲19松弛，弹簧乙55收缩开门，门扇外倾到位销甲54复位，随冷藏门提升，弹簧丙收缩，拉销乙11左移到挡板12处，销乙11复位；关门时，门扇下落，拉钩拉环相扣，拉伸弹簧甲19和弹簧丙20储能，门触地，销甲54抽出，弹簧甲19收缩关门。
球铰系梁15为钢筋混凝土构件，两端为钢质球铰支座，主筋56在梁跨中两环相扣，互不接触，承担梁的全部拉力，其他纵向钢筋全部错位、断开、搭接；主筋及其他纵向钢筋在梁端处与封头57焊接；梁跨中截面适度加大；
干燥箱由箱体、风筒58、转动头59、排气管60和翅片43构成，接在排气管上；箱体底部为进风口，前面和背面开门；箱体、门缝、风筒及其连接部位、排气管60进出箱体处均为汽密封；风筒长≥12米，采用酚醛树酯发泡，转动头59采用耐120°C高温、耐候、自润滑的硬塑料制作，带有导向板62，使出风口永远背风向；五只小轮和中轴构成转动机构，中轴磨擦面涂硅油；箱体和风筒采取保温措施，并用钢缆53固定；排气管60在箱内作成S形，排油坡度0.004，排气管60和翅片43构成干燥床，翅片采用镇静钢制作，并打磨上、下床面、两端和边缘的棱角，箱内顶部设防吸网；
选用无毒无味、可再生、对钢材和混凝土无侵蚀作用、吸湿性强的干燥剂，在水汽通道、门斗、冷间、站台的适当位置投放；干燥剂脱水后立即放入隔汽袋中，排出空气封口，放在冷却架上，先置于干燥、阴凉、通风处常温冷却，后置于冷藏门对面墙根处低温冷却；
隔汽袋选用水蒸气渗透率低、热导率高、耐热130°C、耐候的材料制作，口可密封；换下的干燥剂立即放入保温容器，尽快放入干燥箱下层；
在水汽通道、站台、门斗、库内、库外的适当位置设置温湿度传感器变送器；温湿度传感器的配置应有自动检测、传输、记录、存储和预警功能，还应有显示、打印功能，线路穿过隔汽层5时应采取密封措施。球铰木梁两端为钢质球形铰，与球形梁端相配，采用化纤编织带和钢支架，钢质球形铰和球形梁端的直径略大于木梁的横截面直径。
在一更佳的实施例中，隔热层采用废弃的稻壳和泡沫塑料。
在一更佳的实施例中，耐磨防水地面33砂浆采用水泥、石英砂、硅灰、减水剂、消泡剂和水拌和而成，严格控制用水量，抛撒铁屑需在初凝阶段完成，在最后一次收光前喷洒无毒无味的水泥密封固化剂。
在一更佳的实施例中，环形防火带41采用木基板和耐火隔热层，耐火隔热层采用水玻璃、膨胀珍珠岩、耐火纤维拌和而成，其热导率λ≤0.09w/m.k，外墙防火层采用石膏、膨胀珍珠岩、耐火纤维和水拌和而成；
在一更佳的实施例中，冷藏门外置隔热层34采用XPE泡棉，墙面和顶棚外置隔热层38采用EVA泡棉带皮预制块；外置隔热层采用无毒无味的染料染黑黄相间的防撞色带，但不改变材料的柔顺性和弹性。
在一更佳的实施例中，彩钢板缝采用膜有弹性、与彩钢板粘结牢固、水蒸气渗透率低、耐候的密封胶，充满刮平；胶干后，再用膜有延性、耐候、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板及密封胶粘结牢固的涂料骑缝作涂料隔汽层，缝两边各宽出30毫米，自攻螺钉帽涂防火涂料并密封钉孔缝。
在一更佳的实施例中，竹笆采用梁板结构，板采用竹片拼成，缝隙为2毫米，夹在梁中间，梁由竹片和纤维化竹单板相间胶合，用竹钉和镀锌铁丝加固，所用竹材全部脱蜡。
在一更佳的实施例中，轻钢结构墙面采用球铰木梁和拉带组合在梁与柱交点处与框架结构相连接。
 工业实用性
采用本发明的结构之后，内衬墙、内隔墙和耐磨防水地面都直接坐落在一层楼板上与框架结构形成一体，解决了冷间一层地面的抗震问题和防水耐磨问题，省掉了地面防水层、钢筋混凝土粘结层(地面)和价格昂贵的地面隔热层。地面隔热层不受重压，隔热材料处于自然堆积状态，孔隙率最大、热导率最小，提高了地面隔热层的隔热效果，不必考虑隔热材料的抗压强度，也为加厚地面隔热层创造了技术条件，而加厚隔热层是节能、降低冷库运行成本、稳定库温、防止地基冻胀的最有效方法，省掉了为防止地基冻胀而投入的建设资金和消耗冷库终身的大量能源。
有机隔热材料，在体积含水率为零时，孔隙率从98%降至96%，其热导率从0.03489w/m.k上升至0.053498w/m.k，提高了53.33%。
地面隔热层下移，一层楼板、梁成了冷间内的蓄冷体，可稳定库温。
轻钢结构墙面变形能力强，尤其是平面外的变形，质量小，地震作用也小。球铰系梁或球铰木梁可在设定范围内全方位自由摆动。钢网架的质量小，地震作用也小，变形能力强，即使个别杆件出现塑性铰，钢网架也不会垮塌，三者结合，地震时冷库建筑能协调振动(实为轻钢结构墙面和彩钢板屋面服从框架结构振动)，提高了冷库建筑的抗震能力。
隔热层内，水汽通道的温度低、湿度大，是干燥剂发挥作用的最佳场所。彩钢板不透汽，板缝极小。设板缝长4000m(对应墙面约2660m 2)，板缝宽0.2mm，水蒸汽渗透面积=4000X0.0002=0.8m 2，密封胶膜的宽度即水蒸气渗透胶膜的厚度20mm,还有涂料隔汽层的阻隔，对整体墙面来说水蒸气渗透强度极小。封顶膜采用双层PE膜，渗透强度减半，稻壳的水蒸气渗透率高，竹笆所用竹材脱蜡提高了水蒸汽渗透率，20°C时，硅胶干燥效果为残留水蒸气0.006g/m 3，-20°C时硅胶的吸湿性更强，这些都对隔热层的干燥有利，可使隔热层保持非常干燥状态，隔热材料的实际热导率低于设计热导率。水的热导率比空气热导率高20倍，冰的热导率比空气热导率高80倍，提高了隔热层的隔热效果，降低冷库运行成本。干燥罩可使进入库内湿热空汽干燥，减慢排管的结霜速率，减少除霜次数。
采用彩钢板屋面，钢网架，消除了屋面全部冷桥（钢筋混凝土柱穿过屋面隔热层），节约大量能源，降低冷库运行成本。
采用封闭站台，限制了冷热空气的交换量，减少能量损失，减缓排管结霜速率。为防止门缝结冰创造了条件。
干燥箱利用高温工质的废热为干燥剂脱水、为工质降温，不再消耗能源，三效节能，降低冷库运行成本。
关闭冷藏门，天门和防火门会自动打开，库内冷空气从防火门涌入门斗，上有短门帘阻挡，门斗内的热空气从天门顺势冲出，进入干燥罩，绕开了朝上的天门口(门缝部位)，热空气在门斗内滞留时间极短(以秒计)，墙面会有极少量结冰，由干燥剂吸收，门斗内保持干燥状态，防火门缝和天门缝不会结冰。冷藏门缝处于常温区。
隔热层采用废弃的稻壳和泡沫塑料，即减少环境污染，又降低工程造价，也没有因生产隔热材料而消耗的原料、能源、人工和环境污染。
稻壳施工过程不产生有毒气体。
废弃的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料收购价0.8元/kg，稻壳和其它泡沫塑料无人收购，即降低了工程造价，减少环境污染，又为加厚隔热层创造了经济条件。温湿度传感器可实时掌控相关部位的温湿度变化情况和水蒸气渗透规律。适时更换干燥剂。球铰系梁主筋两环相扣不相接触，其他纵向钢全部错位，断开，搭接。全梁无纵向贯通钢筋，冷桥作用大打折扣。球铰木梁的热导率更低。
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  1. 一种绿色节能冷库，包括冷间、站台、机房和制冷系统等，其特征在于，冷间一层下设干燥层（1），地面隔热层（2）下移至干燥层（1）内，与一层楼板（3）分离，内衬墙（4）、内隔墙，耐磨防水地面（33）都直接坐落在一层楼板（3）上，与框架结构形成一体，其中，耐磨防水地面（33）包括无机耐磨体系和有机环氧体系；
    干燥层（1）自下而上包括混凝土基层（67）、找平层、包至柱顶的隔汽层(5)、包至柱顶的地面隔热层(2)，水汽通道甲（6）的梁下高度≥600毫米，梁下设传送绳甲，其有牵引绳（61）、滑轨（63）、滑轮（66）、滑车（65）、摇轮（64）、托轮（68），其发送端的一层楼板上设检修孔甲（13），有盖汽密封；
    外围护墙采用轻钢结构墙面（14），用球铰系梁（15）在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，或者以球铰木梁（45）和拉带（22）组合在框架梁与柱交点处与框架结构连接，墙角处不设球铰系梁（15）；轻钢结构墙面下部为防撞砖墙（16），其顶面高出室外地面1800毫米；钢柱下部的连接点为刚接点，钢柱间设柱间支撑；
    彩钢板墙面内侧依次是防火层（17）、隔热层（18）、水汽通道乙（7）、内衬墙（4）、找平层、隔汽层（5）；隔热层（18）的低温侧沿内衬墙（4）四周设水汽通道乙（7），水汽通道乙（7）以粗钢网和细纱网与隔热层（18）分隔，水汽通道乙（7）内设传送绳乙，有牵引绳（61）、滑轨（63）、滑车（65）、滑轮（66）、摇轮（64）、托轮（68）,其两端的内衬墙上设检修孔乙（21），中间每隔9-12米增设一个检修孔乙（21），其有盖汽密封；水汽通道乙（7）应避开穿墙管线和球铰系梁（15）；彩钢板缝及钉孔缝汽密封，彩钢板墙面与墙檩（23）之间有可钉的耐火隔热垫块（24）；防火层（17）在封底钢板（26）和封顶梁（25）顶面标高处用水泥砂浆抹平，砂浆干后，用膜有延性、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板粘结牢固、耐候的涂料作涂料隔汽层（28），与彩钢板墙面、封底钢板（26）和封顶梁（25）顶面汽密封，防火层（17）两侧各宽出50毫米，封底钢板（26）和封顶梁（25）与钢柱（36）的焊缝为汽密封，并打磨平整，无尖角毛刺；防撞砖墙（16）的隔汽层（5）与封底钢板（26）汽密封；
    阁楼自下而上包括隔汽层（5）、找平层、阁楼楼板、混凝土垫块（30）架空竹笆200毫米高即为水汽通道丙（8）、竹笆层（31）、隔热层（18）、封顶膜（29）采用双层PE膜，封顶膜（29）周边与封顶梁（25）汽密封，封口处用压条加固；该阁楼的水汽通道丙（8）内设传送绳丙，其有牵引绳（61）、滑轮（66）、摇轮（64）、托轮（68）和小车（69），传送绳两端的阁楼楼板上设检修孔丙（35）有盖汽密封，检修孔丙（35）上部的竹笆层再提高350毫米,四周用竹笆封闭；
    彩钢板屋面（32）包括几何不变体系的钢网架(27)，彩钢板屋面（32）以轻钢结构墙面（14）的钢柱（36）为支座，钢结构作防火保护层；
    采用封闭站台，冷藏间设门斗；外侧有冷藏门（9），隔热层（34）外置于门斗一侧，与墙面、顶棚外置隔热层（38）相吻合，形成完整隔热层；外置隔热层采用无毒无味、不吸湿或吸湿率极小、热导率低、有弹性、耐冲撞、耐候的材料制作；外置隔热层在门缝处涂无毒无味的硅油；门斗内侧有气密防火门（37），在其门斗一侧贴墙面设透明短门帘（40），该短门帘（40）长1600毫米，门斗顶部设天门（42），有防火防烟功能；天门上部的顶棚下面设开口朝下的干燥罩，罩的开口对准天门并大于天门，罩的大小应能容纳门斗排入库内的湿热空气，罩内投放干燥剂；以木桥（39）跨越外墙隔热层（18），采用聚合物防水桥面；外墙隔汽层在此与内衬墙连为一体封闭隔热层；隔热层在此作环形防火带（41），该环形防火带（41）采用木板墙面（7）、木板顶棚（74）、门斗的其他部位采用砖墙粉面；
    冷藏门（9）采用提升式，其门扇由多块塑料门板拼成，拼缝为圆弧形，由连接环（44）连接为整体，相邻门板可单向转动；冷藏门提升绳与门扇下部连接；门扇两侧有单边轮（10）和槽轨（84），槽轨下段为直线型,有横梁（46）把两侧槽轨连为一体，两侧槽轨可绕根部的轴同步转动；槽轨上段为曲线型，顶端为水平直线；上段槽轨与库房固定，两段槽轨（84）在中间对接，形成完整的门扇运行轨道，单边轮（10）在槽轨中运行，门扇的运行速度由变频器控制，横梁（46）内有弹簧甲（19）和弹簧丙（20），支架（47）内有弹簧乙（55），弹簧甲（19）左端有销甲（54）、右端有销乙（11），销乙（11）的复位处设有挡板（12），门扇上有拉钩，槽轨上有拉环，两者相适配；销甲（54）和销乙（11）内部做法一样，都是用电磁铁和弹簧丁（82）控制销子（83）的抽出和复位，销子（83）控制滑板动作，销甲（54）和销乙（11）采用自润滑硬塑料制作，销甲（54）固定，销乙（11）在滑道（79）上运行，滑板甲（80）在销甲（54）中滑动，滑板乙（78）在销乙（11）中滑动；门扇两侧对称设置拉钩（81），门扇两侧的槽轨上对称设置拉环（77），拉钩（81）在门扇下部，拉环（77）在拉钩（81）的上部，拉钩和拉环相适配，拉环（77）用绳与销乙（11）连接；
    球铰系梁（15）为钢筋混凝土构件，两端为钢质球铰支座，主筋（56） 在梁跨中两环相扣，互不接触，承担梁的全部拉力，其他纵向钢筋全部错位、断开、搭接；主筋（56）及其他纵向钢筋在梁端与封头（57）焊接；球铰支座顶部有孔，主筋从中穿过，主筋周围与孔壁间留有间隙，是主筋的摆动空间，其大小决定了球铰系梁摆动幅度的大小，梁跨中截面适度加大；
    球铰木梁（45）两端为钢质球形支座（49），与球形梁端相适配，球形支座（49）和球形梁端的直径略大于木梁（45）横截面直径；拉带（22）采用性能良好的化纤编织带和钢支架（50）；
    干燥箱由箱体、风筒（58）、转动头（59）、排气管（60）和翅片（43）构成，接在排气管上；箱体底部为进风口，前面和背面开门；箱体、门缝、风筒及其连接部位、排气管进出箱体处均为气密封；风筒（58）长≥12米，并采取保温措施，转动头（59）采用耐120°C高温、耐候、自润滑的硬塑料制作，带有导向板（62），使出风口永远背风向；五只小轮（51）和中轴（52）构成转动机构，中轴磨擦面涂硅油；箱体和风筒（58）采取保温措施，并用钢缆（53）固定；排气管（60）在箱内作成S形，排油坡度0.004，排气管（60）和翅片（43）构成干燥床，翅片（43）采用镇静钢制作，并打磨上、下床面、两端和边缘的棱角，箱内顶部设防吸网；
    选用无毒无味、可再生、对钢材和混凝土无侵蚀作用、吸湿性强的干燥剂，在水汽通道、门斗、冷间、站台的适当位置投放；干燥剂脱水后立即放入隔汽袋中，排出空气封口，放在冷却架上，先置于干燥、阴凉、通风处常温冷却，后置于冷藏门对面墙根处低温冷却；
    隔汽袋选用水蒸气渗透率低、热导率高、耐热130°C、耐候的材料制作，口可密封；换下的干燥剂立即放入保温容器，尽快放入干燥箱下层；
    在水汽通道、干燥罩、站台、门斗、库内、库外的适当位置设置温湿度传感器变送器；温湿度传感器的配置应有自动检测、传输、记录、存储和预警功能，还应有显示、打印功能，线路穿过隔汽层（5）时应采取密封措施。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色节能冷库，其特征在于：隔热层采用废弃的稻壳和泡沫塑料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色节能冷库，其特征在于：耐磨防水地面（33）砂浆采用水泥、石英砂、硅灰、减水剂、消泡剂和水拌和而成，严格控制用水量，抛撒铁屑需在初凝阶段完成，在最后一次收光前喷洒无毒无味的水泥密封固化剂。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色节能冷库，其特征在于：冷藏门外置隔热层（34）采用XPE泡棉，墙面和顶棚外置隔热层（38）采用EVA泡棉带皮预制块；外置隔热层采用无毒无味的染料染黑黄相间的防撞色带，但不改变材料的柔顺性和弹性。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色节能冷库，其特征在于：彩钢板缝采用膜有弹性、与彩钢板粘结牢固、水蒸气渗透率低、耐候的密封胶，充满刮平；胶干后，再用膜有延性、耐候、水蒸气渗透率低、与彩钢板及密封胶粘结牢固的涂料骑缝作涂料隔汽层，缝两边各宽出30毫米，自攻螺钉帽涂防火涂料(48)并密封钉孔缝。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色节能冷库，其特征在于：竹笆采用梁板结构，板采用竹片拼成，缝隙为2毫米，夹在梁中间，梁由竹片和纤维化竹单板相间胶合，用竹钉和镀锌铁丝加固，所用竹材全部脱蜡。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色节能冷库，其特征在于：环形防火带采用木基板（70）和耐火隔热层（72）, 耐火隔热层（72）采用水玻璃、膨胀珍珠岩、耐火纤维拌和而成，其λ≤0.09w/m.k，并用耐火绳（71）与梁、柱和木基板（70）加固，耐火绳端打结（76），并用耐火纤维、石膏浆封固（75）；
PCT/CN2024/096201 2023-06-09 2024-05-30 绿色节能冷库 WO2024251011A1 (zh)

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CN204126326U (zh) * 2014-07-23 2015-01-28 舟山市普陀汇丰冷库节能技术研究所 一种防火屏蔽式冷藏库
CN215055820U (zh) * 2021-04-27 2021-12-07 山东圣凯建筑设计咨询有限公司 一种增强冷库气密性的建筑结构
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JPH0518660A (ja) * 1991-07-09 1993-01-26 Kajima Corp 瞬間凍結庫
CN101520270A (zh) * 2009-04-05 2009-09-02 姜勇 节电经济型新式冷库
CN204126326U (zh) * 2014-07-23 2015-01-28 舟山市普陀汇丰冷库节能技术研究所 一种防火屏蔽式冷藏库
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