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WO2024242575A1 - Composition, procédé et système pour prévenir ou réduire au minimum la libération de substances nocives dans l'environnement - Google Patents

Composition, procédé et système pour prévenir ou réduire au minimum la libération de substances nocives dans l'environnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024242575A1
WO2024242575A1 PCT/NZ2024/050056 NZ2024050056W WO2024242575A1 WO 2024242575 A1 WO2024242575 A1 WO 2024242575A1 NZ 2024050056 W NZ2024050056 W NZ 2024050056W WO 2024242575 A1 WO2024242575 A1 WO 2024242575A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foam
composition
foamable composition
plant
weight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2024/050056
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English (en)
Inventor
Luke William DALY
Colin Charles LITTLE
Nigel Haig Mclisky
Christopher John Martin HARPER
Marie-Claire Victoria Ann Buddle DALY
Original Assignee
Advanced Environmental R&D Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Advanced Environmental R&D Limited filed Critical Advanced Environmental R&D Limited
Publication of WO2024242575A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024242575A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
    • C09K23/018—Mixtures of two or more different organic oxygen-containing compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
    • B05B7/0025—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0018—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam
    • B05B7/0025—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply
    • B05B7/0031—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with devices for making foam with a compressed gas supply with disturbing means promoting mixing, e.g. balls, crowns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/26—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
    • B05B7/262—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device a liquid and a gas being brought together before entering the discharge device
    • B05B7/267—Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device a liquid and a gas being brought together before entering the discharge device the liquid and the gas being both under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/003—Cleaning involving contact with foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0014—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by incorporation in a layer which is removed with the contaminants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/02—Alkyl sulfonates or sulfuric acid ester salts derived from monohydric alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/28—Aminocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/56—Glucosides; Mucilage; Saponins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/35—Asbestos

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to compositions, methods and systems for preventing or minimising release of harmful substances into the environment.
  • the invention particularly relates to facilitating removal and disposal of hazardous materials from contaminated sites, for example, to compositions and methods for facilitating removal and disposal of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials and buildings or structures comprising same.
  • the invention also has other applications, including treating other hazardous materials, such as silica and silica-containing materials, and materials comprising other friable particles or dust particles that have the potential to become airborne and be hazardous to health.
  • Encapsulation involves coating the asbestos- containing material with rubber-based sealants like Bostic ET150 which permit the asbestos- containing material to remain safely in place for longer periods of time than it otherwise could.
  • sealants also will deteriorate with time.
  • Asbestos removal procedures require that all asbestos-containing materials be taken off their underlying substrates, carefully collected and disposed of, preferably by burial or in carefully managed landfill. Asbestos removal is typically carried out using handheld impact and cutting tools and equipment within negative pressure enclosures to remove friable asbestos containing products and materials from a building substrate or surface using HEPA filtered vacuums. Some contaminated areas are so inaccessible that mechanical removal by scraping, chiseling, and scoring with simple hand tools remains the only option.
  • the fiber release may exceed 1000 fibers per ml.
  • maximum PPE/RPE such as positive pressure masks rated 3 fibers per ml
  • wet removal generally involves wetting the contaminated material with water, using mist or fog cannons, to soften the material, and to lower the friability of the asbestos-containing material and reduce the ability of the asbestos fibers to become airborne.
  • water spraying is not a satisfactory solution to the problem since water penetrates slowly and does not completely saturate most building materials and tends to run off the treated surfaces.
  • the water run-off creates obvious additional problems, such as water damage to the treated area, as well as potentially creating further contamination problems in another environment if asbestos fibers are carried in the water to other areas, dry out and become airborne again.
  • aqueous solutions containing chemical surfactants have been used to attempt to improve water penetration into the asbestos-containing material.
  • Surfactants that have been used for this purpose include polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols; the condensation products of aliphatic alcohols and ethylene oxide; the condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol; condensation products of amines, amides or mercaptans with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; products formed by reacting ethanolamine's with fatty acids; amine oxide surfactants; phosphine oxide surfactants and sulfoxide surfactants.
  • these compositions have at least the same drawbacks as the use of water alone, and have the additional drawback of adding further toxic or hazardous chemicals into the environment.
  • US Patent Number 4,347,150 describes a chemical formulation comprising a two-part wetting system, the first part being an aqueous alkali metal silicate dispersion blended with a cationic or nonionic surfactant and the second part comprising a mixture of an acrylic latex and a reagent that is reactive with the alkali metal silicates in the first part.
  • the two parts are stored separately and are mixed shortly before use.
  • a serious problem with the chemical compositions that have been used for facilitating asbestos removal and disposal is that they typically comprise hazardous chemical substances, such as strong acids and substantial volumes of solvents/ that are either a further health and safety hazard to the workers using them, and/or are an environmental hazard because they are toxic and non-biodegradable. Exposure to silica dust is also becoming a significant health hazard worldwide. Silica dust exposure is a problem in mining operations, in concrete cutting applications an'd in other industrial processes that generate silica dust. Furthermore, other harmful dust particles and mould and mould spares are often present in abandoned or deteriorated buildings that are no longer in use because of fire, natural disasters, or other events.
  • hazardous materials such as asbestos, asbestos-containing materials, silica, silica dust and other harmful particles or pathogens that have the potential to become airborne
  • the invention may broadly be said to consist in a foamable composition for preventing harmful substances from becoming airborne, wherein the foamable composition comprises a mixture of at least two plant-derived surfactants and at least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent, and wherein the foamable composition is formulated for use in a foam generation system wherein the composition is mixed with water and compressed air to generate a foam.
  • the foamable composition is used for facilitating demolition/ removal and/or disposal of contaminated material comprising harmful or hazardous substances. More preferably, the foamable composition is used to facilitate demolition, removal and/or disposal of asbestos-containing materials, or silica containing materials, or buildings or structures comprising same.
  • the foamable composition can also be used in soil remediation processes to treat contaminated soils.
  • the plant-derived surfactants are selected from the group comprising triethanolamine laurel sulphate (also known as TEA-Lauryl sulphate and dodecyl sulfate triethanolamine salt), sodium lauryl ether sulphate (also known as sodium laureth sulfate (SLES)), coco betaine (betaine), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), lauramine oxide (also known as lauryldimethylamine oxide), and alkyl polyglucoside (APG), Coco glucoside, Decyl glucoside, Lauryl glucoside, Sucrose cocoate, Caprylyl/Capryl glucoside, Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, and Sodium coco sulfate, and derivatives thereof.
  • triethanolamine laurel sulphate also known as TEA-Lauryl sulphate and dodecyl sulfate triethanolamine salt
  • each plant-derived surfactant is present in the composition in an amount of from about 5-90% by weight. More preferably, the triethanolamine laurel sulphate is present in an amount of at least 10% by weight. Preferably the sodium lauryl ether sulphate, and alkyl polyglucoside, if present in the composition, are present in an amount of from about 30 - 90% by weight. More preferably, the cocamidopropyl betaine and lauramine oxide, if present in the composition, are present in an amount of from about 5 - 30% by weight. It has been found that these surfactants act synergistically with the other surfactants used, and therefore result in the production of a higher quality foam upon application.
  • the plant-derived foam stabilising agent(s) are selected from the group comprising xanthan gum, cellulose gums such as carboxymethyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, and vegetable gums such as guar gum and carrageenan, glycerol or glycerine, and proteins such as gelatin, and derivatives thereof.
  • the or each plant-derived foam stabilising agent is present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.1 - 5% by weight.
  • the composition comprises (a) a combination of at least three plant-derived surfactants, including triethanolamine laurel sulphate in an amount in the range of about 10 - 20% by weight, sodium laurel ether sulphate in an amount in the range of about 50 - 80% by weight, and cocamidopropyl betaine in an amount in the range of about 5 - 10% by weight, and (b) xanthan gum in an amount in the range of about 0.2-0.5% by weight.
  • the composition further comprises at least one preservative.
  • the preservatives may be selected from the group comprising phenoxyethanol, isothiazolinones such as methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, and parabens such as methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben.
  • the preservative is present in the composition in an amount of 0.1-1% by weight.
  • the composition may also comprise water or an alternative diluent. In some embodiments of the invention a small amount of water is added to reduce the viscosity of the composition so that it can be applied more effectively via spray equipment.
  • compositions of the invention may comprise additional optional ingredients, selected from the group comprising, dyes and coloring agents, suspending and thickening agents, binding agents, foam enhancing agents, humectants, emulsifying agents, pH adjustment agents, solvents, diluents, carriers, and additives or excipients that may attribute cohesive and/or adhesive properties to the resulting foam.
  • the composition may further comprise one or more foam enhancing agents such as lignin and/or cellulose to increase the stickiness and/or encapsulating properties of the foam.
  • foam enhancing agents such as lignin and/or cellulose to increase the stickiness and/or encapsulating properties of the foam.
  • Such additives could be included in an amount of ⁇ 10% by weight.
  • the composition further comprises one or more adhesive agents, such as PVA (polyvinyl acetate) to improve the foam stability and/or adhesiveness.
  • the adhesive agent would be included in an amount of ⁇ 10% by weight.
  • the composition is a liquid composition in the form of a liquid foam concentrate.
  • a liquid concentrate has the advantage of being easy to store, transport and handle, and is readily miscible with water.
  • the foamable composition forms a stable foam upon application in conjunction with water and compressed air.
  • the foam will remain stable for at least 4 hours, but preferably up to 12 hours.
  • the foam will have a thickness or a depth of at least 30 cm, but preferably at least 50 cm.
  • the foam concentrate is mixed with water and compressed air prior to application. More preferably, about 1 - 10% of the foam concentrate is mixed with water and compressed air prior to application. Even more preferably, about 1-3% of the foam concentrate is mixed with water and compressed air prior to application.
  • the ratio of foam concentrate to water and compressed air will depend on the purpose of application of the foam, namely what type of site or situation requires treatment.
  • the invention may broadly be said to consist in a method for preventing harmful substances in a material from becoming airborne, wherein the method comprises applying a foamable composition comprising a mixture of at least two plant-derived surfactants and at least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent, in conjunction with water and compressed air, over and around the material to produce a layer or head of foam substantially covering or encapsulating the material.
  • a foamable composition comprising a mixture of at least two plant-derived surfactants and at least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent, in conjunction with water and compressed air, over and around the material to produce a layer or head of foam substantially covering or encapsulating the material.
  • the material is a contaminated material comprising harmful or hazardous substances such as asbestos-containing materials/ silica containing materials, carcinogenic materials, mould or mould spares, pathogens, hazardous chemicals, harmful friable particles or dust particles.
  • the invention may broadly be said to consist in a method of preventing or minimising the release of harmful airborne particles from a contaminated material, said method comprising the steps of: (1) introducing a foamable composition comprising a mixture of at least two plant- derived surfactants and at least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent, into water to produce a foamable fluid; (2) adding compressed air to the foamable fluid to generate a foam; (3) applying the foam to the contaminated material.
  • the composition is introduced into the water at low pressure by injection into a water flow provided from a water supply. More preferably the water is introduced into the water flow by a venturi system.
  • the compressed air is added by injection at high pressure/ after the foamable fluid has passed through a high-pressure pump.
  • the method comprises repeated application of the foam during a decontamination process.
  • the method further comprises the step of removing and disposing of the foam and contaminated material by mechanical means.
  • the invention relates to a foam generation system for preventing harmful substances in a material from becoming airborne, wherein the system is configured for connection to a water source by a water supply hose or pipe, and the system comprises at least the following components: (a) a housing or reservoir to hold a foamable composition; (b) a means for introducing the foamable composition into the water supply hose or pipe at low pressure; (c) a pump; (d) an air supply source or an air compressor; (e) a means for introducing air into the water supply hose or pipe at high pressure; (f) a means to discharge a foam.
  • the foamable composition comprises a mixture of at least two plant-derived surfactants and at least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent.
  • the means for introducing the foamable composition into the water supply hose or pipe water is an injection means or a venturi system.
  • the air compressor is a high-pressure screw air compressor.
  • the means for introducing air into the water supply hose or pipe is by high- pressure injection.
  • the means to discharge the foam is a distribution nozzle that is connected to an end of the water supply hose or pipe. The distribution nozzle may be connected to an additional lie flat or round hose that is connected to the water supply hose or pipe.
  • the foam generation system is capable of generating a foam that remains stable for at least 4 hours after application.
  • the foam generation system is capable of generating a foam that has a thickness or depth of at least 50 cm.
  • the foam generation system is readily transportable.
  • the invention may broadly be said to consist in a method for safely demolishing a building or structure comprising contaminated materials, wherein said method comprises the steps of applying a foamable composition comprising a mixture of at least two plant-derived surfactants and at least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent, in conjunction with water and compressed air, over and/or around the building or structure to produce a layer or head of foam substantially covering or encapsulating the building or structure; and mechanically demolishing the building or structure beneath the foam.
  • the method comprises repeated application of the foam until the building or structure is fully demolished after which the foam and the demolished building or structure and contaminated materials are removed and disposed of.
  • the invention may broadly be said to consist in a method for safely removing and disposing of contaminated soil, wherein said method comprises the steps of applying a foamable composition comprising a mixture of at least two plant-derived surfactants and at least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent, in conjunction with water and compressed air, over and/or around the soil to produce a layer or head of foam substantially covering or encapsulating the soil, and mechanically removing the soil beneath the foam.
  • the method comprises repeated application of the foam until the contaminated soil is removed.
  • Drawings Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the components of a preferred foam generation system of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a photograph showing application of a foamable composition of the invention over a contaminated site.
  • the invention relates to compositions and methods for preventing or minimising release of harmful substances into the environment.
  • the invention particularly relates to facilitating removal and disposal of hazardous materials from a contaminated site, for example, to compositions and methods for facilitating removal and disposal of asbestos and asbestos- containing materials from buildings or structures comprising same.
  • the invention may also have other suitable applications, includingtreating other hazardous materials, including silica and silica-containing materials, and materials comprising other friable particles or dust particles that have the potential to become airborne and cause damage to health.
  • the invention is also useful for the treatment, removal and/or disposal of contaminated soil, soil burnouts, and the treatment, removal and/or disposal of materials contaminated by mould, mould spares or pathogens, carcinogens, or methamphetamine or other hazardous chemicals.
  • the compositions of the invention are preferably liquid compositions in the form of a foam concentrate, or a foamable composition which forms a foam upon application in conjunction with water and compressed air.
  • the foam essentially creates an "anti-friability" layer over the material comprising the hazardous substance(s) or particles, which prevents any hazardous substances or particles from becoming airborne during demolition, removal and/or disposal operations.
  • compositions of the invention are biodegradable and non-toxic. Therefore, they do not present an additional hazard to the health and safety of workers using them, nor does their use and application result in additional environmental concerns or cause further negative or hazardous impacts on the environment.
  • the foamable composition does not contain any harmful PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl) substances, or PFBS (perfluorobutane sulfonate).
  • compositions of the invention comprise the following components: (a) a foaming system comprising at least two plant-derived surfactants, and (b) at least one plant-derived stabilising agent.
  • the compositions of the invention are essentially a mixture or blend of at least these components which provides a foamable composition or a foam concentrate, that generates a stable foam when applied with water and compressed air.
  • plant-derived as used herein broadly refers to substances that have been made or derived at least in part from plant material, including plant oils.
  • the plant-derived substances used in the compositions of the invention are preferably food-grade, that is non- toxic and safe for consumption.
  • plant-derived substances used in the compositions of the invention are also preferably biodegradable.
  • suitable plant-derived surfactants useable in the compositions of the invention include triethanolamine laurel sulphate (also known as TEA-Lauryl sulphate and dodecyl sulfate triethanolamine salt), sodium lauryl ether sulphate (also known as sodium laureth sulfate (SLES)), coco betaine (betaine), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), lauramine oxide (also known as lauryldimethylamine oxide), and alkyl polyglucoside (APG), Coco glucoside, Decyl glucoside, Lauryl glucoside, Sucrose cocoate, Caprylyl/Capryl glucoside, Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate, sodium cocoy
  • the foaming system of the composition comprises at least two plant-derived surfactants, but more preferably, the foaming system comprises three or more plant-derived surfactants.
  • the type of surfactant selected is preferably a surfactant that has good foaming properties, but the formulations can be altered in response to issues such as cost and commercial availability of ingredients.
  • Each plant-derived surfactant is preferably present in the composition in an amount of about 5 - 90% by weight, depending on the type of surfactant used.
  • compositions comprisingtriethanolamine laurel sulphate the composition may typically comprise about 10 -90% by weight of triethanolamine laurel sulphate.
  • compositions comprising sodium lauryl ether sulphate the composition may typically comprise about 30 - 90% by weight of sodium lauryl ether sulphate.
  • compositions comprising alkyl polyglucoside the composition may typically comprise about 30 - 90% by weight of alkyl polyglucoside.
  • cocamidopropyl betaine the composition may typically comprise about 5 - 30% by weight.
  • compositions comprising lauramine oxide the composition may typically comprise about 5-30% by weight.
  • compositions of the invention also comprise one or more plant-derived stabilising agent(s), which are included to assist in stabilising the resulting foam composition after the composition is applied to the hazardous substance(s) in conjunction with water and compressed air. It is important that the foam stays stable for as long as possible after application, so that the hazardous materials can be demolished, removed and/or disposed of with minimal risk of release of airborne particles.
  • Suitable plant-derived foam stabilising agents useable in the compositions of the invention include xanthan gum, cellulose gums such as carboxymethyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, and vegetable gums such as guar gum and carrageenan, glycerol or glycerine, and proteins such as gelatin, and derivatives thereof.
  • the plant-derived stabilising agent(s) are selected from the group comprising xanthan gum, cellulose gums such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ethyl cellulose, and vegetable gums such as guar gum, carrageenan, glycerol or glycerine.
  • plant-derived stabiiisers are generally commercially available and may be sold under a variety of trade names by various manufacturers, however their CAS numbers are: Xanthan gum 11138-66-2; Carboxymethyl cellulose 9004-32-4; Ethyl cellulose 9004-57-3; Guar gum 9000-3-0; Carrageenan 9000-07-1; Gelatin 9000-70-8. A person skilled in the art would appreciate that known derivatives or functional equivalents of these substances may also be used without deviating from the scope of the invention.
  • Each plant-derived stabilising agent is preferably present in the composition in an amount of about 0.1 - 5% by weight.
  • the compositions of the invention may comprise one or more preservatives.
  • these preservatives are food grade preservatives or are considered food grade when used in small amounts as described herein.
  • the preservatives may be selected from the group comprising phenoxyethanol, isothiazolinones such as methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, and parabens such as methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and butylparaben.
  • the preservative is present in the composition in an amount of about 0.1 -1% by weight.
  • the composition may also comprise water or an alternative diluent.
  • water is added to reduce the viscosity of the composition so that it can be applied more effectively via spray equipment. This is not essential however, as water could be added to the composition prior to or during application of the composition. Whether or not water or an alternative suitable diluent is added to the composition will depend on the desired characteristics or properties of the composition for storage and transportation purposes, and the intended method of application of the composition.
  • the composition may comprise additional optional ingredients, such as carriers, additives and/or excipients to enhance the formulation or provide additional properties depending on the desired application.
  • the composition further comprises at least one adhesive substance, such as PVA (polyvinyl acetate) to improve the foam stability and adhesiveness.
  • PVA polyvinyl acetate
  • foamable composition is particularly useful in situations where the site requiring treatment is not ready to be treated immediately, so application of a composition including PVA can be used as a first stage treatment to secure the site and prevent any release of harmful airborne particles during the waiting stage.
  • Foam comprising a PVA additive will then be removed in a further stage when full treatment of the site is carried out with a non-PVA containing composition of the invention.
  • the composition may further comprise one or more foam enhancing agents such as lignin and/or cellulose to increase the stickiness and/or encapsulating properties of the foam. Any additional additives or excipients would be present in an amount of less than 10% by weight.
  • compositions of the invention can be made using methods known in the art. Typically, if all of the ingredients are liquid ingredients, they can be blended or mixed together using methods known in the art, however the order of addition of each ingredient may be important in order to avoid undesirable reactions such as an increase in viscosity. If one or more ingredients is not in liquid form, one or more suitable pre-treatment steps, such as dissolution or dispersion or solubilization steps, may be required, and will be known to persons skilled in the art.
  • suitable pre-treatment steps such as dissolution or dispersion or solubilization steps, may be required, and will be known to persons skilled in the art.
  • the preparation process of the compositions of the invention will depend on the final formulation of the composition, which may be varied to suit particular applications.
  • the compositions of the invention in liquid concentrate form are expected to be shelf-stable for up to five years.
  • the composition comprises (a) the following combination of plant-derived surfactants: triethanolamine laurel sulphate in an amount of 20% by weight, sodium laurel ether sulphate in an amount of ⁇ 80% by weight, and cocamidopropyl betaine in an amount of 5% by weight, (b) xanthan gum as a stabiliser in an amount of ⁇ 0.5% by weight, (c) a preservative (phenoxyethanol) in an amount of ⁇ 1% by weight, and (d) water to make up 100% by weight.
  • plant-derived surfactants triethanolamine laurel sulphate in an amount of 20% by weight, sodium laurel ether sulphate in an amount of ⁇ 80% by weight, and cocamidopropyl betaine in an amount of 5% by weight
  • xanthan gum as a stabiliser in an amount of ⁇ 0.5% by weight
  • a preservative (phenoxyethanol) in an amount of ⁇ 1% by weight
  • water to make up 100% by weight.
  • a small amount of water is added to the composition to reduce the viscosity of the composition so that it can be applied more effectively via the foam generation system.
  • Preparation of the finished foamable formulation requires: Pre-treatment of the xanthan gum to enable it to be miscible in the other liquid ingredients without lumping. - Addition of all ingredients to mix. The order of addition of the ingredients may be important to avoid undesirable reactions such as increase in viscosity.
  • Example 2 in another embodiment of the invention/ the composition comprises (a) the following combination of plant-derived surfactants: triethanolamine laurel sulphate in an amount of ⁇ 30% by weight, Lauramine oxide in an amount of ⁇ 20% by weight, sodium laurel ether sulphate in an amount of ⁇ 70% by weight, and cocamidopropyl betaine in an amount of 10% by weight, (b) xanthan gum in an amount of 0.2% by weight, (c) preservative (phenoxyethanol) in an amount of 0.4% by weight, and (d)waterto make up 100% by weight.
  • a small amount of water is added to the composition to reduce the viscosity of the composition so that it can be applied more effectively via the foam generation system.
  • the foamable composition comprises the following ingredients:
  • workable compositions of the invention have been made comprising various combinations of the following ingredients: (A) At least two plant-derived surfactants such as: (B) At least one plant-derived foam stabilising agent such as: (C) Optionally, a preservative in an amount of 0.1 - 1% by weight.
  • ingredients that are derivatives of those listed above may also be used, or ingredients that are essentially functionally equivalent to the above ingredients in terms of their general chemical characteristics and properties.
  • the inventors have found that a surprisingly highly stable and very thick foam is generated when the compositions of the invention are applied in conjunction with water and compressed air.
  • the foam has been found to be stable and to remain active for at least 4 hours and even up to 12 hours. This is extremely surprising and unexpected given that existing foams generally only remain stable for about 20 minutes.
  • the foam is also surprisingly thick when applied, generally having a depth of between about 30 -100 cm. It is thought that these properties of the resulting foam can be attributed to the particular synergistic combination ofsurfactants used, which provide a high degree of foaming and high stability of the resulting foam.
  • the invention provides an improved non-toxic and environmentally friendly process for removal of hazardous particulate matter having airborne potential.
  • the process includes applying the foamable composition to the matter to be treated to prevent the particulate matter from becoming airborne.
  • the foam effectively encapsulates and suppresses the particulate matter during demolition, removal and/or disposal processes, thereby preventing the escape of hazardous substances that are released and have potential to become airborne during these processes.
  • the compositions of the invention are liquid compositions, in the form of liquid concentrates, which are formulated to be applied in conjunction with water and compressed air to generate a foam. Preferably from about 0.25 - 20% of the foamable composition or foam concentrate is used in conjunction with water and compressed air.
  • the ratio of the foamable composition or foam concentrate, water and compressed air will determine the wetness of the foam so the ratio can be altered to create the type of foam wetness required depending on the desired application.
  • This forms a layer of foam which substantially covers and "encapsulates" the hazardous materials to prevent them from becoming friable and airborne during demolition, removal and/or disposal operations.
  • the inventors have found that the compositions of the invention surprisingly provide a very stable and thick layer of foam very quickly after application, generally within minutes of application.
  • the foam has been found to remain active and stable for at least 4 hours, and preferably up to 12 hours after application.
  • the invention therefore provides a method of preventing or minimising the release of airborne particles from a contaminated material, said method comprising applying a composition of the invention, in conjunction with water and compressed air, over and around the material to form a layer or blanket of foam that substantially covers or encapsulates the material.
  • the method could be used for removing and disposing of a material comprising a hazardous substance, such as asbestos or silica.
  • the method comprises the steps of applying a foamable composition as described herein/ in conjunction with water and compressed air, over and around the material to form a layer or blanket substantially covering or encapsulating the material, and mechanically removing the foam and contaminated material for disposal.
  • the application of the composition is carried out by equipment that is configured or adapted to introduce both water and compressed air to the foamable composition causing thorough mixing of the foamable composition with the water and compressed air to generate the foam and discharge the foam.
  • compressed air is used, however other gases can be used if necessary, such as low molecular weight hydrocarbons, nitrogen, nitric oxide or carbon dioxide. Compressed air is preferred however due to the low cost, low toxicity, and the fact that a separate tank is not necessary.
  • the equipment required to generate and apply the foam will include the following components: (a) a housing for the foamable composition; (b) a housing for water, and/or means to connect to a water source; (c) a housing for compressed air or gas, and/or an air compressor; (d) means to mix the foamable composition, water and air or gas to generate a foam; and (e) means to discharge the foam.
  • a housing for the foamable composition a housing for water, and/or means to connect to a water source
  • a housing for compressed air or gas, and/or an air compressor means to mix the foamable composition, water and air or gas to generate a foam
  • e means to discharge the foam.
  • the above components could be housed on a vehicle such as a truck, or a trailer or other transportable platform.
  • an adapted or modified fire fighting vehicle may be suitable.
  • a preferred foam generation system (A) is shown.
  • the foam generation system is configured for connection with a water supply or water source (B) in use.
  • the water supply may be provided by any water source, including water provided by public utilities, connection to a fire main or fire pump system, or water stored in separate vessels, or in water tanks that form part of the system.
  • the system is connected to the water supply by a low- pressure water supply pipe (C).
  • a low- pressure water supply pipe Preferably there are at least two lines of connection, that is, two pipes, one of which may optionally supply a water tank (D) which may form part of the system for storing excess water supplied to the system via the water supply.
  • the foam generation system has a housing or reservoir (E) for containing a foamable composition, preferably a liquid foam concentrate.
  • the reservoir (E) is connected to the system in a manner which enables the foamable composition to be introduced into the system at low pressure.
  • the reservoir (E) is operably connected to the system via a tube or pipe (F) which introduces the water through a venturi system (G), preferably an adjustable dosing low pressure venturi injector.
  • a venturi system G
  • the foamable composition is introduced into the water flowing through the water supply pipe (C) and begins mixing with the water.
  • the mixed fluid then passes through a pump (H) which is operably connected to the water supply pipe and to a hose (0) having a discharge means (P) at the end.
  • the pump is a high-pressure liquid pump.
  • the system further comprises an air compressor (I) which is operably connected to the water supply pipe (C) to introduce compressed air into the foam generation system.
  • the air compressor (I) is preferably a high-pressure screw air compressor, but may be any suitable high-pressure air compressor known in the art.
  • the air compressor provides an air supply for introducing compressed air into the fluid flow to aerate the mixed fluid and generate a foam.
  • the compressed air is preferably introduced into the system via injection.
  • the air compressor (I) is connected via a high-pressure hose or tube(M) to a high-pressure air injector or mixer (N) which is operably connected to the water supply pipe (C) and to the hose (0).
  • the hose (0) feeds the foam to at least one discharge means (P) which is preferably in the form of a distribution nozzle that is configured to effectively distribute the foam over the area to be treated.
  • the hose (0) can be of any desired length to suit the application.
  • the hose (0) may be attached or installed along the length of a boom of a high reach excavator so that the discharge means (P) is situated about the excavator head to enable foam to be applied in high and/or inaccessible areas (for example through windows or ceilings of multi- storey buildings) before and during demolition processes.
  • the foam generation system as described has been found to produce an extremely high quality foam, with good foam structure, finer air bubbles or cells, and extremely high foam stability.
  • the system provides for thorough mixing of the water, foamable composition and compressed air, so that a higher quality, stronger and longer lasting foam is generated.
  • Injection of the compressed air at high pressure directly into the pre-mixed water and foamable composition in the water supply pipe creates sufficient turbulence to thoroughly mix the air into fluid to generate a foam with these excellent properties.
  • high pressure air is combined with high pressure fluid flow containing the foamable composition, to fully aerate the composition.
  • the air and water are pushed at high speed in the same direction towards the discharge means.
  • the composition does not cause damage or corrosion to the mechanical equipment including the supply lines and the pump.
  • Prior art formulations comprising toxic or corrosive materials would cause a lot of damage to the mechanical equipment.
  • the composition does not clog the components of the system, and does not require regular flushing of the system to clean the equipment. Regular flushing of the system would be required if prior art formulations are used as the toxic and corrosive chemicals would need to be cleaned out regularly to prevent damage and disintegration of the components of the system.
  • the foam generation system does not require a high pressure foam injector to be used since the foamable composition can be added to the system under low pressure. The properties ofthefoamable composition allow it to be introduced into the system via a venturi system.
  • the foamable composition can also be used with any type of hose or pipe, including flat hoses and round hoses.
  • the foam generation system is readily transportable, and convenient for field operations.
  • a fire fighting vehicle modified to include the above components is suitable.
  • larger, more complex equipment may be required.
  • the compositions of the invention are capable of generating a foam that is able to adhere to the material to be treated, no matter what its orientation is.
  • the foam is able to adhere to building materials that are arranged horizontally, vertically, or on ceilings or inverted building structures, and maintain its integrity in these situations.
  • compositions of the invention may contain additional additives or excipients which will assist with the cohesive and/or adhesive properties of the resulting foam.
  • the cohesive and adhesive properties of the foamable composition will enable the application of a relatively large quantity of foam in a relatively thick layer, in a single application, which will substantially cover and encapsulate the material to be treated for an extended period of time.
  • the method and system of the invention therefore enables contaminated areas to be sprayed with foam creating a covering or blanket over and around the area to be treated, that prevents particles from becoming airborne during subsequent demolition/ removal and/or disposal operations.
  • the application of the foam essentially "secures" the area to make it safe for workers and the surrounding environment.
  • the method and system of the invention is suitable for treating large areas or sites, such as large, damaged multi-storey buildings and surrounding areas that contain hazardous substances such as asbestos-containing materials.
  • the entire area is first covered with foam by application of foam over and around the entire area to form a "blanket" over the area.
  • foam can be distributed over the top of a tail building and/or through the windows of tail buildings.
  • the discharge hose and discharge means may be attached or installed along the length of a boom of an excavator so the foam can then be pumped up the boom and out through the discharge means attached to the grapple of the excavator.
  • foam is continuously applied during the demolition process to ensure continued encapsulation and prevention of the release of hazardous substances into the air.
  • the foam remains active and stable and maintains a continuous coating or "head" over the substrates and surfaces.
  • the foam has the ability to move as the structure collapses and compresses, and the foam naturally continues to encapsulate newly exposed substrates and surfaces. As the building and structures break down, debris falls into the foam and the foam encapsulates the new debris.
  • a similar method can be used for soil remediation applications.
  • foam can be applied during removal and disposal operations to avoid particles becoming airborne during transport and delivery, and subsequently in landfill. It should however be noted that the foam is unsuitable for use in negative pressure enclosures as the pressure of the compressed air may interfere with the negative pressure equipment. It is envisaged that when transporting the removed contaminated material, a layer of foam could be applied to the base of the receptacle (for example a truck bed) before the removed hazardous material is loaded, and another layer could be applied on top of the material prior to it being sealed. It is also envisaged that the compositions of the invention could be used at landfills as a means to manage the risk of the contaminated material becoming airborne following disposal.
  • a foamable composition of the invention was trialed in the decontamination and remediation of a building and surrounding area that was destroyed by a landslide.
  • the duration of the operation was six weeks from the date of the landslide to the date that clearance was given confirming successful decontamination and remediation of the site.
  • the building and surrounding environment, including soil, had to be fully treated and it was a large area.
  • the building was full ofAIB (asbestos insulating board) so there was significant risk of exposure to airborne asbestos particles during the operation.
  • a specially adapted fire truck was used for the operation.
  • the first step was the application of a first layer or blanket of foam to the entire exterior and interior of the damaged building and surrounding area before any demolition was carried out.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph illustrating the depth of the foam during the operation, noting that the grapple on the excavator in the photograph is about 100 cm in length.
  • the hydraulic excavator was able to continue to crush and demolish the building beneath the head of the foam. Additional foam was applied every evening prior to leaving the site, to ensure the materials remained fully encapsulated overnight. Demolition continued until the debris and foam was removed from site by trucks and disposed of in landfill.
  • the foam generation system used 100 cubic feet per minute of compressed air (via two lines), and approximately 1680 liters of water per hour (via two lines).
  • compositions and methods of the invention could be used for other purposes, not just for the safe removal and disposal of hazardous substances such as asbestos and silica dust.
  • the compositions of the invention could also be used as a means for suffocating sick or diseased animals quickly and humanely (for example, large numbers of chickens carrying the Avian flu or other harmful pathogens to prevent the pathogens from becoming airborne and spreading).
  • Advantages The compositions and methods of the invention offer a number of potentially realisable advantages over the prior art, including: • The compositions of the invention are safe, non-toxic, and readily biodegradable; • The compositions do not contain any harmful PFAS ingredients.
  • compositions effectively reduce the likelihood of hazardous or harmful particles becoming airborne and therefore respirable during removal and disposal operations, resulting in decreased exposure to particles that can pose a significant health risk. This will not only benefit workers in the industry, but also owners of contaminated buildings and sites, the healthcare system, the environment, and the wider community; • The compositions allow for reduced cost of treatment of contaminated sites as continuous application of foam enables work to be undertaken at a faster speed; • Safer transportation of waste which benefits the wider community and prevents further contamination; • Safertreatment of waste at approved waste facilities as the risk of particles becoming airborne again is reduced; • It is envisaged that the compositions and method of the invention could be used across multiple industries including construction, demolition, asbestos removal, environmental decontamination, soil remediation as well as being used as an immediate solution following burnouts, earthquakes, flood damage, tsunamis and other natural disasters, as a way of minimizing harmful airborne materials following a disaster; • The potential uses of the foam composition in other applications to reduce friability of hazardous or harmful or potentially hazardous or harmful materials are extensive.
  • compositions and method of the invention allows for significant reductions in water usage when dealing with dust or particle suppression and removal of hazardous substances.
  • the system of the invention provides a 10-50% reduction in water usage, making it a lot more environmentally friendly than current methods, including traditional dust or particle suppression systems using mist or fog cannons.
  • Due to the non-toxic and non-corrosive nature of the foamable composition the composition does not damage application equipment, such as pumps and hoses. At the very least, the present invention offers the public a useful choice.
  • Disclaimers It will be understood that the above-described preferred embodiments of the invention have been given purely by way of illustrative example.
  • references to “comprise” and derivatives of that term are to be interpreted inclusively. That is to say, references to “comprise” will be taken to include not only any listed components directly referenced in a given case, but also other non-specified components or elements. This applies whether the term “comprise” is used in relation to a product, device, system, one or more steps in a method or process, or any other aspect of the invention herein disclosed. To avoid doubt, “comprise” is not to be ascribed an exclusive meaning; that is to say, it is not to be taken to exclude any features, components, integers or steps merely due to their not being explicitly mentioned.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition, un procédé et un système pour prévenir ou réduire au minimum la libération de substances nocives dans l'environnement. L'invention vise en particulier à faciliter l'élimination et la mise au rebut sans danger de matériaux contenant de l'amiante et autres matériaux dangereux, tels que de la silice et des matériaux contenant de la silice, et des matériaux comprenant des particules friables ou des particules de poussière susceptibles d'être mises en suspension dans l'air et de présenter un danger pour la santé. L'invention concerne une composition expansible biodégradable non toxique qui comprend un mélange d'au moins deux tensioactifs d'origine végétale et d'au moins un agent de stabilisation de mousse d'origine végétale, et qui est formulée pour être utilisée dans un système de génération de mousse, la composition étant mélangée avec de l'eau à basse pression et de l'air comprimé à haute pression pour générer une mousse épaisse et stable. La mousse est appliquée sur et autour de matériaux contaminés, recouvrant ou encapsulant ainsi ceux-ci pour empêcher la libération de particules nocives en suspension dans l'air.
PCT/NZ2024/050056 2023-05-25 2024-05-24 Composition, procédé et système pour prévenir ou réduire au minimum la libération de substances nocives dans l'environnement WO2024242575A1 (fr)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5310508A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-05-10 Colgate-Palmolive Company Mild personal cleansing compositions containing sodium alcohol ethoxy glyceryl sulfonate
WO2008135827A2 (fr) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Rowenta Werke Gmbh Appareil pour le traitement du linge comprenant un dispositif pour contrôler le débit d' eau
KR20110018471A (ko) * 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 황성규 건축 분야에서 사용 가능한 석면 비산방지제 조성물
KR101887674B1 (ko) * 2018-01-15 2018-09-10 황윤대 분사건을 구비한 이동식 거품살균 세척장치
CN110872485A (zh) * 2019-12-11 2020-03-10 南通大学 一种工地用泡沫除尘剂及其制备方法
US10843154B1 (en) * 2017-08-14 2020-11-24 National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc Blast mitigation foam concentrates and foams made therefrom
WO2021243198A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Isp Investments Llc Composition de polymère en suspension, et son procédé d'utilisation
CN114133816A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-04 徐州博泰矿山安全科技有限公司 一种粘结型阻尘剂

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5310508A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-05-10 Colgate-Palmolive Company Mild personal cleansing compositions containing sodium alcohol ethoxy glyceryl sulfonate
WO2008135827A2 (fr) * 2007-05-07 2008-11-13 Rowenta Werke Gmbh Appareil pour le traitement du linge comprenant un dispositif pour contrôler le débit d' eau
KR20110018471A (ko) * 2009-08-18 2011-02-24 황성규 건축 분야에서 사용 가능한 석면 비산방지제 조성물
US10843154B1 (en) * 2017-08-14 2020-11-24 National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc Blast mitigation foam concentrates and foams made therefrom
KR101887674B1 (ko) * 2018-01-15 2018-09-10 황윤대 분사건을 구비한 이동식 거품살균 세척장치
CN110872485A (zh) * 2019-12-11 2020-03-10 南通大学 一种工地用泡沫除尘剂及其制备方法
WO2021243198A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Isp Investments Llc Composition de polymère en suspension, et son procédé d'utilisation
CN114133816A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-04 徐州博泰矿山安全科技有限公司 一种粘结型阻尘剂

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